阅读理解之科普知识篇（含译文）— 广西3年真题及全国2024真题汇编

· 阅读理解之科普知识篇解析版 · 1、 广西真题(2022-2024) （一） （2022·广西梧州·中考真题）David Bennett, a 57-year-old man from the US, received the world’s first pig heart transplant（移植）on January 7th, 2022. He died two months later on March 9th.     It may sound like a failure, but it actually is a big step forward for xenotransplantation（异种器官移植）.     Xenotransplantation has been a hot topic in medical research for many years.Doctors and scientists look for ways to solve the big problem of organ（器官）transplant waiting lists. In the US alone, over 100,000 patients are on a list waiting for new organs. Many of them will die before getting their chance to receive a heart, a kidney（肾）or other important organs. As a result, medical science has turned to animal organs.     Doctors have experimented with xenotransplantation since the early 20th century. There are few success stories. Usually, patients’ bodies reject（排斥）the animal organs. Bennet lived much longer than other xenotransplantation patients. That’s because scientists removed pig genes（基因）that would cause fast rejection. Then they added human genes to help the body accept the organ.     In fact, Bennett’s case was not the only success. Doctors at New York University attached（连接）gene-edited pig kidneys to a human patient’s blood vessels（血管）outside of the body in 2021. Doctors at University of Alabama put the gene-edited pig kidneys inside a patient’s body in the same year. Though these successes were short-lived, they show that there may be a way forward for xenotransplantation. “A lot of new information will come out. The development of this field will benefit from it and move forward at faster speed.” Muhammad Mohiuddin, director of the transplant program, told The Guardian. 【译文】 来自美国的57岁男子David Bennett于2022年1月7日接受了世界上首例猪心脏移植手术。两个月后，他于3月9日去世。 这听起来可能是一个失败，但实际上是异种移植向前迈出的一大步。 异种移植多年来一直是医学研究的热点。医生和科学家们正在寻找解决器官移植等待名单这一大问题的方法。仅在美国，就有超过10万名患者在等待新器官。他们中的许多人在获得心脏、肾脏或其他重要器官之前就会死亡。因此，医学已经转向动物器官。 自20世纪初以来，医生们一直在试验异种移植。成功的故事很少。通常，患者的身体会排斥动物器官。本内特的寿命比其他异种移植患者长得多。这是因为科学家们去除了会引起快速排斥反应的猪基因。然后，他们添加了人类基因来帮助身体接受器官。 事实上，贝内特的案件并不是唯一的成功。2021年，纽约大学的医生将基因编辑的猪肾连接到人体外的血管上。同年，阿拉巴马大学的医生将基因编辑的猪肾放入患者体内。 尽管这些成功是短暂的，但它们表明异种移植可能有一条前进的道路。移植项目主任穆罕默德·莫希丁告诉《卫报》：“将会有很多新的信息出现。这一领域的发展将从中受益，并以更快的速度向前发展。”。 1．How long did David Bennett live after the pig heart transplant?  ________ A．9 months B．3 months. C．2 months. D．1 month. 2．What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 3? ________ A．Human organs are expensive. B．Many patients died because of the organ transplant. C．Compared with human organs, animal organs are easier to get. D．Patients cannot accept the animal organs in their bodies. 3．According to Paragraph 4, what may the main problem of xenotransplantation be? ________ A．Patients’ ideas. B．Bodies’ rejection. C．The high price. D．The number of organs. 4．What does the underlined word “benefit” mean in Chinese in the last paragraph? ________ A．得益 B．赞扬 C．传播 D．涉及 5．What does the writer think of xenotransplantation?  ________ A．It should be stopped because of the death cases. B．It has become more and more popular. C．It is too difficult to carry on. D．It is valuable and worth researching. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【主题】科普知识、科学技术、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读，主要介绍的是异种器官移植技术。由于人类捐赠的器官短缺，科学家们一直在研究异种器官移植，并且已经有了成功的案例，虽然异种器官移植出现了一些问题，但前景还是乐观的。 1．细节理解题。根据“David Bennett, a 57-year-old man from the US, received the world’s first pig heart transplant（移植）on January 7th, 2022. He died two months later on March 9th.”2022年1月7日，57岁的美国男子大卫•贝内特接受了世界上首例猪心脏移植手术。2个月后的3月9日，他去世了。可知David Bennett在猪心脏移植后活了两个月。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“As a result, medical science has turned to animal organs.”可推知与人类器官相比，动物器官更容易获得。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“ Usually, patients’ bodies reject（排斥）the animal organs. ”通常，病人的身体会排斥动物器官。可知移植的主要问题是身体的排斥。故选B。 4．词义猜测题。根据“The development of this field will benefit from it and move forward at faster speed.”这个领域的发展将从中受益，并以更快的速度向前发展。可推出划线单词的意思是“得益”，故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据“ Though these successes were short-lived, they show that there may be a way forward for xenotransplantation.”虽然这些成功是短暂的，但它们表明，异种移植可能有一条前进的道路。可知，作者认为异种器官移植很有价值，值得研究。故选D。 （二） （2022·广西河池·中考真题）On Dec. 9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu who are working aboard the Tiangong space station, showed our students a glimpse of their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them. Use it or lose it The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity（重力）. But in space, our bones and muscles（肌肉） don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work. Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands（弹力带） inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch（拉伸） the bands. This keeps their muscles strong. Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill（跑步机） and rode a bicycle. Astronauts exercise with these tools every day to prevent muscle loss. Space water is different Water in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow（流动） downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws（吸管） in sealed（密封的）bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs instead of falling down. They have to wipe（擦拭） them away！ During another experiment, Wang made a water film（膜）. Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth. 【译文】 12月9日，三名中国宇航员在距离地球400公里的高空做了一场科学讲座！翟志刚、王亚萍和叶光福在天宫空间站工作，他们向我们的学生们展示了他们在那里的生活。他们还做了一些有趣的科学实验。让我们来看看其中的一些。 要么使用它，要么失去它 人体在地球引力的作用下生长。但在太空中，我们的骨骼和肌肉不需要支撑我们身体的重量。这会导致骨骼和肌肉损失。据报道，宇航员在短短几周内就会失去多达20%的肌肉。这对宇航员来说是危险的，因为他们太虚弱了，无法工作。 宇航员有不同的方法来防止这种情况。在讲座中，翟介绍了叶穿着的一套特殊制服，叫做“企鹅服”。西装里面有许多松紧带。穿着它，宇航员用他们的肌肉来拉伸带子。这使他们的肌肉保持强壮。王还向学生们展示了她如何在跑步机上行走和骑自行车。宇航员每天使用这些工具进行锻炼，以防止肌肉损失。 太空水是不同的 太空中的水在其他方面的作用与地球上的水不同。例如，如果你试图把水倒进杯子里，水就不会向下流动。这就是为什么宇航员通常通过密封袋中的吸管喝水。如果宇航员哭了，眼泪会留在他们的眼球上，而不是掉下来。他们必须把它们擦掉 在另一个实验中，王制作了一个水膜。然后她在膜上加了更多的水滴，使其成为一个水球。这在地球上永远不会发生。 6．The astronauts gave a ________ lecture 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec. 9. A．science B．Chinese C．history D．geography 7．The astronauts might become weak in the space because ________. A．their bodies will stop growing B．they have to work for long hours C．they might lose some of their muscles D．their muscles have to support more weight 8．Zhai showed ________ to the students during the lecture. A．Earth’s gravity B．a “penguin suit” C．a treadmill D．a bicycle 9．Which is NOT TRUE about water in space? A．If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs. B．If astronauts pour the water into a cup, it will flow downward. C．If astronauts add more water drops onto the film, it will become a water ball. D．The astronauts usually drink water through straws in sealed bags. 10．The word “_________” can best describe the lecture in space. A．Boring B．Careless C．Dangerous D．Eye-opening 【答案】6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．D 【主题】科普知识、记叙文、航天与航空 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了12月9日，中国的三位航天员在“天宫”空间站给地球上的学生们上的一节大开眼界的科学课。 6．细节理解题。根据“On Dec.9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth!”可知在12月9日，中国的三位航天员在地球上方400公里的地方上了一堂科学课。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据“It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work.”可知据报道，航天员可以在几个星期内就失去他们身上20%的肌肉。这对航天员来说是非常危险的，因为他们会变得虚弱而无法工作。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据“During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”.”可知在讲座中，翟志刚向大家介绍了叶光富身上正穿着的一种特殊的服装，叫做“企鹅服”。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据“For example, water will not flow（流动） downward if you try to pour it into a cup.”可知如果你尝试把水倒进一个杯子里，水是不会往下流动的。选项B“如果航天员把水倒进一个杯子里，水是会往下流的。”表述错误。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据“This can never happen on Earth”可知在空间站所做的科学实验，在地球上是从来不可能发生的，说明这些实验让人“大开眼界”，可用eye-opening来形容。故选D。 （三） （2022·广西河池·中考真题）Hubei Provincial Museum is one of the most famous places in Wuhan. Standing by the beautiful East Lake, the museum was opened about 60 years ago. The museum covers an area of 81,909 square meters. It collects, protects, and exhibits（展出）the cultural relics（文物）discovered in the province. Since 1953, the museum has collected over 260,000 cultural relics. Among them, nearly 1,000 are listed as first-class relics of China, and 16 are considered national treasures. One of the most famous treasures is the Sword （剑） of Goujian. It is named after the King of Yue State. Although this bronze sword （青铜剑） has been under the ground for more than 2,500 years, its decorations are still clear. Another treasure in the museum is the Zenghouyi Chime Bells （编钟）. It was found in 1978. It is the largest bronze musical instrument ever discovered. With a set of bells of different sizes, it can play many pieces of music, and it sounds quite beautiful. There are over 3,000 ancient Chinese characters （汉字） on the bells, describing the music and the owner of this instrument. If you want to get a taste of the rich history in Hubei, be sure to pay a visit to the Provincial Museum when you are in Wuhan. 【译文】 湖北省博物馆是武汉最著名的地方之一。这座博物馆位于美丽的东湖旁，大约60年前开放。 博物馆占地81909平方米。它收集、保护和展示在该省发现的文物。自1953年以来，该博物馆已收藏了26万多件文物。其中，近1000件被列为中国一级文物，16件被视为国宝。 其中最著名的宝藏之一是勾践之剑。它以越国国王的名字命名。虽然这把青铜剑已经埋在地下2500多年了，但它的装饰仍然清晰可见。 博物馆的另一件珍宝是1978年发现的曾后羿编钟。它是迄今为止发现的最大的青铜乐器。它有一套不同大小的铃铛，可以演奏许多音乐，听起来很美。钟上有3000多个古汉字，描述着音乐和乐器的主人。 如果你想领略湖北丰富的历史，一定要在武汉时参观省博物馆。 11．How long has Hubei Provincial Museum been opened? A．For about sixty years. B．For about forty years. C．For about sixteen years. D．For about seventy years. 12．What can we see in Hubei Provincial Museum? A．Gold. B．Robots. C．Stones. D．Cultural relics. 13．Which period of history did the owner of the Sword of Goujian live? A．In Tang Dynasty. B．In Han Dynasty. C．In Qin Dynasty. D．During the Spring and Autumn Period. 14．Which of the following is TRUE about the Zenghouyi Chime Bells? A．It was found in 1968. B．There are many English words on it. C．It is the largest bronze musical instrument ever discovered. D．The Zenghouyi Chime Bells were made in the same size. 15．What can we know from the passage? A．There are 60 national treasures in the museum. B．We can learn the rich history of Hubei in the museum. C．The museum has collected over 260, 000 cultural relics since 1978. D．The Sword of Goujian has been under the ground for 1500 years. 【答案】11．A 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B 【主题】科普知识、城市、说明文、景点/建筑 【导语】文章介绍了湖北省博物馆。 11．细节理解题。根据“the museum was opened about 60 years ago.”可知，湖北省博物馆对外开放大约60年了。故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据“The museum covers an area of 81,909 square meters. It collects, protects, and exhibits（展出）the cultural relics（文物）discovered in the province.”可知，在湖北博物馆，我们可以看到文物。故选D。 13．细节理解题。根据“One of the most famous treasures is the Sword （剑） of Goujian. It is named after the King of Yue State.”可知，勾践剑的主人生活在春秋时期。故选D。 14．细节理解题。根据“Another treasure in the museum is the Zenghouyi Chime Bells （编钟）. It was found in 1978. It is the largest bronze musical instrument ever discovered.”可知，编钟是迄今为止发现的最大的青铜乐器。故选C。 15．细节推理题。根据“If you want to get a taste of the rich history in Hubei, be sure to pay a visit to the Provincial Museum when you are in Wuhan.”可知，在博物馆里我们可以了解到湖北丰富的历史，故选B。 （四） （2022·广西贺州·中考真题）Several large companies have begun creating paper bottles to replace glass and plastic ones. A company called Paboco has been working with many large companies to develop paper bottles. These companies are creating their own bottle designs. Clearly, one of the biggest challenges is keeping a paper bottle from leaking (渗漏). The inside of the bottle needs a special liner (衬层) to make sure the liquid doesn’t leak through. Many companies are lining their bottles with thin plastic. Though bottle makers may say this liner can be removed and recycled, many recycling programs don’t have the right machines to deal with these liners. A Danish beer company called Carlsberg is working with Paboco on a paper bottle called the “Green Fiber Bottle”. Now the bottle uses a plastic liner. In the future the company hopes to use a “bio-plastic (生物塑料)” that will break down naturally over time. But even without the plastic, paper bottles aren’t perfect. Most paper bottles use wood pulp (木浆). That could lead to the loss of forests. Frugalpac, a company from the United Kingdom, has created bottles made of recycled paper, so no trees need to be cut down. Frugalpac still uses plastic liners, though. But with so many companies working towards the same goal, we will see more paper bottles on store shelves in the near future. 【译文】 几家大公司已经开始制造纸杯，以取代玻璃瓶和塑料瓶。 一家名为Paboco的公司一直在与许多大公司合作开发纸杯。这些公司正在创造自己的瓶子设计。 显然，最大的挑战之一是防止纸瓶泄漏。瓶子的内部需要一个特殊的衬里来确保液体不会泄漏。许多公司正在用薄塑料内衬瓶子。 尽管瓶子制造商可能会说这种内衬可以拆除和回收，但许多回收项目没有合适的机器来处理这些内衬。 一家名为嘉士伯的丹麦啤酒公司正在与帕博科合作开发一种名为“绿色纤维瓶”的纸瓶。现在瓶子使用塑料衬里。未来，该公司希望使用一种随着时间的推移会自然分解的“生物塑料”。 但即使没有塑料，纸瓶也不是完美的。大多数纸瓶使用木浆。这可能会导致森林的损失。 来自英国的Frugalpac公司已经用再生纸制造了瓶子，所以不需要砍伐树木。不过，Frugalpac仍然使用塑料衬里。 但随着如此多的公司朝着同一个目标努力，我们将在不久的将来看到更多的纸瓶出现在商店货架上。 根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。 16．One of the biggest challenges of using paper bottles is _________. A．how to use few liners B．how to make perfect liners C．keeping the plastic bottles from breaking down D．keeping the paper bottles from leaking 17．What does the underlined word “Frugalpac” refer to? A．A Danish milk company. B．A Danish beer company. C．A company from the United States of America. D．A company from the United Kingdom. 18．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．A company called Paboco has been working to develop paper bottles alone. B．Many paper bottles have thin plastic inside. C．It’s impossible to remove and recycle the liners of paper bottles. D．The loss of forests leads to the use of wood pulp in most paper bottles. 19．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Paper bottles are not perfect. B．Bottles are made of recycled paper. C．Some companies work to develop paper bottles. D．Some companies work to develop glass and plastic bottles. 【答案】16．D 17．D 18．B 19．C 【主题】科普知识、发明与创造、环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了几家大公司为了保护环境已经开始制造纸瓶来代替玻璃和塑料瓶，并简单地介绍了纸瓶的优缺点。 16．细节理解题。根据“one of the biggest challenges is keeping a paper bottle from leaking (渗漏). The inside of the bottle needs a special liner (衬层) to make sure the liquid doesn’t leak through.”可知，制作纸瓶子最大的挑战是防止液体泄露。故选D。 17．词句猜测题。根据“Frugalpac, a company from the United Kingdom,”可知，来自英国的公司Frugalpac用再生纸制造了瓶子，所以此处“Frugalpac”指代的是“一个英国公司”。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据“Many companies are lining their bottles with thin plastic.”以及“Frugalpac still uses plastic liners, though.”可知，现在许多纸瓶内部都有薄塑料。故选B。 19．主旨大意题。根据“But with so many companies working towards the same goal, we will see more paper bottles on store shelves in the near future.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了几家大公司为了保护环境已经开始制造纸瓶来代替玻璃和塑料瓶。故选C。 （五） （2023·广西·中考真题）Southern white rhinos (犀牛) mainly live in Africa. They are very large in size, about 4 metres long, 1.75 metres high, and over two tons in weight. There are two horns (角) on the nose. The front horn is over half a metre long, while the other one is smaller. Southern white rhinos are not really white. They are grey in colour. “White” may come from the Afrikaans word for “wide”. It has some connection with their wide mouths. Southern white rhinos live on grass, leaves, fruit and so on. They have very poor eyesight. However, they have good hearing and an excellent sense of smell. Their skin (皮肤) is nearly 5 cm thick but is very sensitive. During the day, they try to find a cool place to avoid sunburn. Southern white rhinos lie in mud (泥浆) when they can, as it sticks to their skin and protects them from the bright African sun. Some humans kill rhinos for their horns. They sell horns to those who believe horns have magic powers or can treat sickness. It puts southern white rhinos in danger. Now many actions are taken to protect southern white rhinos. The international trade in rhino horn has been stopped in the world. Besides, many protected areas have been built, especially in South Africa. Up to 2020, more than 20 countries have made rules to protect southern white rhinos. Today the number of southern white rhinos has increased to over 20,000 in the wild. 【译文】 南部白犀牛主要生活在非洲。它们体积很大，长约4米，高1.75米，重量超过两吨。鼻子上有两只角。前喇叭超过半米长，而另一个喇叭较小。南方白犀牛并不是真正的白色。它们是灰色的。“白色”可能来自南非荷兰语中“宽”的意思。这与他们的大嘴有某种联系。 南方白犀牛以草、树叶、水果等为食，视力很差。然而，他们有很好的听力和嗅觉。它们的皮肤近5厘米厚，但非常敏感。白天，他们尽量找一个凉爽的地方来避免晒伤。南方白犀牛尽可能地躺在泥里，因为泥会粘在它们的皮肤上，保护它们免受非洲明媚的阳光照射。 有些人为了犀牛的角而杀死犀牛。他们把角卖给那些相信角有魔力或可以治疗疾病的人。它使南方白犀牛处于危险之中。 现在采取了许多行动来保护南方白犀牛。犀牛角的国际贸易在世界范围内已经停止。此外，许多保护区已经建成，特别是在南非。截至2020年，已有20多个国家制定了保护南部白犀牛的规则。如今，野生南方白犀牛的数量已增加到2万多头。 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 20．Where do southern white rhinos mainly live? A．In Europe. B．In America. C．In Africa. 21．What colour are southern white rhinos? A．Red. B．Blue. C．Grey. 22．What does the underlined word “sensitive” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．健康的 B．敏感的 C．光滑的 23．Why do some humans kill southern white rhinos? A．For their horns. B．For their meat. C．For their noses. 24．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Ways to feed southern white rhinos. B．Actions of protecting southern white rhinos. C．Places for southern white rhinos to live in. 【答案】20．C 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 【主题】常见动物、科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍南方白犀牛的外貌、习性和生存现状，并呼吁人们保护它们。 20．细节理解题。根据“Southern white rhinos (犀牛) mainly live in Africa.”可知，南方白犀牛主要生活在非洲。故选C。 21．细节理解题。根据“Southern white rhinos are not really white. They are grey in colour.”可知，南方白犀牛是灰色的。故选C。 22．词句猜测题。分析“Their skin (皮肤) is nearly 5 cm thick but is very sensitive. During the day, they try to find a cool place to avoid sunburn.”可知，南方白犀牛白天试图找一个凉爽的地方避免晒伤，它们的皮肤非常敏感，故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“Some humans kill rhinos for their horns.”可知，有些人为了犀牛角而杀死南方白犀牛，故选A。 24．段落大意题。分析最后一段内容可知，主要介绍保护南方白犀牛的许多措施，故选B。 （六） （2024·广西·中考真题）Have you ever imagined what bees can do with their tiny brains? Now scientists are looking into a bee’s brain. Clint Perry, a scientist, has spent much time studying how bees think. He says studying bees is not very different from studying other animals. “The main difficulty is to design (设计) an experiment (实验) bee and get what we want,” he says. “With humans, we can ask them a question and get an answer. But we can’t use the same way to get an answer from bees. They are just trying to get sugar. Bees like sugar.” The fact that bees like sugar is helpful for scientists to design experiments. For example, in one experiment, Perry gave bees a task: to find delicious sugar on a landing place above a black bar (棒). Perry made the task easier or harder by moving the landing place farther from or closer to the black bar. He found that bees would avoid the task when it was difficult. And when the task was easy, bees would try it. As for humans, we might choose not to take a test when we weren’t ready for it. And we might choose to take the test when we were well prepared. In the same way, bees seemed to make decisions like humans. Perry points out that we are not sure whether bees actually make a thoughtful choice from experiments. Now scientists still do not know how bees manage to do so much with their tiny brains. But learning more about how bees’ brains work could help us learn more about how our own brains deal with information. 【译文】 你有没有想象过蜜蜂用它们小小的大脑能做什么？现在科学家们正在研究蜜蜂的大脑。 科学家克林特·佩里花了很多时间研究蜜蜂是如何思考的。他说，研究蜜蜂与研究其他动物没有太大区别。他说：“主要的困难是设计一个实验蜜蜂，并得到我们想要的东西。”。“对于人类，我们可以问他们一个问题并得到答案。但我们不能用同样的方式从蜜蜂那里得到答案。它们只是想得到糖。蜜蜂喜欢糖。” 蜜蜂喜欢糖的事实有助于科学家设计实验。例如，在一项实验中，佩里给蜜蜂一个任务：在黑条上方的着陆点上找到美味的糖。佩里通过将着陆点移动到离黑条更远或更近的地方，使任务变得更容易或更难。他发现蜜蜂在困难的时候会避开这项任务。当任务变得简单时，蜜蜂会尝试。 至于人类，我们可能会在没有准备好的时候选择不参加测试。我们可能会选择在准备充分的时候参加测试。同样，蜜蜂似乎也像人类一样做出决定。 佩里指出，我们不确定蜜蜂是否真的从实验中做出了深思熟虑的选择。现在，科学家们仍然不知道蜜蜂是如何用它们小小的大脑做这么多事情的。但是，更多地了解蜜蜂的大脑是如何工作的，可以帮助我们更多地了解我们自己的大脑如何处理信息。 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 25．What did Perry study in his experiments? A．How bees sleep. B．How bees think. C．How bees dream. 26．What can we know from Paragraph 2? A．Bees can talk. B．Bees are lazy. C．Bees like sugar. 27．What would bees do when the task was easy according to Paragraph 3? A．They would try it. B．They would avoid it. C．They would praise it. 28．What’s the importance of looking into bees’ brains? A．It helps us learn how human brains work. B．It tells us how to make thoughtful choices. C．It lets us know how to deal with information. 29．Where is the article probably taken from? A．A travel magazine. B．A sports magazine. C．A science magazine. 【答案】25．B 26．C 27．A 28．A 29．C 【主题】常见动物、科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍关于蜜蜂的一些信息。 25．细节理解题。根据“Clint Perry, a scientist, has spent much time studying how bees think.”可知，科学家克林特·佩里花了很多时间研究蜜蜂是如何思考的。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据“Bees like sugar.”可知，蜜蜂喜欢糖。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据“And when the task was easy, bees would try it.”可知，当任务很容易时，蜜蜂就会尝试。故选A。 28．细节理解题。根据“But learning more about how bees’ brains work could help us learn more about how our own brains deal with information.”可知，但更多地了解蜜蜂的大脑是如何工作的，可以帮助我们更多地了解人类大脑是如何处理信息的。故选A。 29．推理判断题。本文主要介绍关于蜜蜂的一些信息，所以可能在科学杂志上看到这篇文章，故选C。 一、全国真题（2024） （一） （2024·海南·中考真题）A hug (拥抱) is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people hold each other closely. People hug for many different reasons in their lives. For example, if a child is sad, a parent may hug him or her to give comfort. Grown-ups may hug to show each other love. Friends may hug to show friendship. Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team members. Hugs may seem unimportant, but hugging is a necessary human need. For example, hugging is important in building human relationships. When a person is given a hug, he or she feels loved and important. In this way, it creates a sense of trust, belonging (归属感) and safety that encourages open communication and understanding with others. Hugging also has many health advantages. For example, hugs can be good for people’s heath. Research has shown that hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry levels. Giving and receiving hugs can also make people happier. Finally, hugging can even save lives. In recent years, doctors have found that it is best when a baby is held soon after being born. It keeps the baby warm and helps keep his heart rate stable (心率平稳). Besides, these babies feel safer and seem to be happier. Sometimes, a hug from a mother can save the life of her newly-born baby who is dying. Knowing the importance of a hug, one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001. It was an act of kindness to show that everyone is an important person. Giving hugs to unknown people who wanted or needed a bug became popular in society. Now, the month of July is known as International Free Hugs Month. Someone once said, “We need four hugs a day for living on. We need eight hugs a day for holding on. We need twelve hugs a day for growing up.” There may not be many people who give out 12 a day. But for all it advantages, maybe it is something we should all do more often. 【译文】 拥抱是一种人类接触的形式，当两个或两个以上的人紧紧地抱在一起时发生。人们在生活中拥抱有很多不同的原因。例如，如果孩子很伤心，父母可能会拥抱他或她以示安慰。成年人可以拥抱来表达彼此的爱。朋友们可以拥抱以示友谊。团队成员在赢得比赛后可能会拥抱，以示快乐并鼓励其他团队成员。 拥抱似乎并不重要，但拥抱是人类的一种必要需求。例如，拥抱在建立人际关系中很重要。当一个人被拥抱时，他或她会感到被爱和重要。通过这种方式，它创造了一种信任、归属感和安全感，鼓励与他人进行开放的沟通和理解。 拥抱对健康也有很多好处。例如，拥抱对人们的健康有好处。研究表明，拥抱可以降低感冒的风险，也可以降低担忧程度。给予和接受拥抱也能让人更快乐。 最后，拥抱甚至可以挽救生命。近年来，医生发现，婴儿出生后不久抱着最好。它使婴儿保持温暖，有助于保持心率稳定。此外，这些婴儿感觉更安全，似乎更快乐。有时，母亲的拥抱可以挽救她即将死去的新生儿的生命。 一位男士深知拥抱的重要性，于2001年发起了“免费拥抱运动”。这是一种善意的行为，表明每个人都是重要的人。拥抱那些想要或需要虫子的陌生人在社会上变得流行起来。现在，七月被称为国际免费拥抱月。 有人曾经说过：“我们每天需要四个拥抱才能继续生活。我们每天需要八个拥抱才能坚持。我们需要十二个拥抱才能成长。”每天给予12个拥抱的人可能不多。但尽管有这些优势，也许这是我们都应该更经常做的事情。 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．A mother may hug her son to show her sadness. B．Friends may hug each other to share their interests. C．Team members may hug to share happiness of victory. 2．Which of the following shows the advantage of hugging according to the passage? A．Hugging can help people stay away from danger. B．Hugging can help people get more pleasure. C．Hugging can help protect people from illness. 3．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By telling stories. 4．Why did the man start the Free Hugs Campaign? A．To offer help to all kinds of people. B．To give more hugs to important people. C．To encourage more people to give hugs. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．More Hugs, Better Lives B．More Hugs, Less Worry C．Free Hugs, Good Friends 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 【主题】说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文介绍了拥抱在人际关系中的重要性及其对健康的益处，进一步说明了拥抱在情感上的温暖和心理治疗中的积极作用，并介绍了“免费拥抱运动”的由来。 1．细节理解题。根据“Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team members.”可知，团队成员在赢得比赛后可能会拥抱以表达胜利的快乐，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Giving and receiving hugs can also make people happier.”可知，拥抱可以让人更快乐，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Hugging also has many health advantages. For example, hugs can be good for people’s heath. Research has shown that hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry levels. Giving and receiving hugs can also make people happier.”可知，在第三段中作者通过列举例子来说明拥抱的好处。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Knowing the importance of a hug, one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001.”可知，发起免费拥抱活动是为了鼓励更多的人给予拥抱，故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了拥抱给人带来的诸多好处，因此最适合的标题是“More Hugs, Better Lives”，意为“更多的拥抱，更美好的生活”，故选A。 （二） （2024·海南·中考真题） They travel more than 100 kilometers every day. They bring about 200,000 meals on bikes or on foot to hungry workers, all at exactly 12:30 p. m. Many of them can’t read or write. But only 1 in every around 6,000,000 lunch boxes ever goes missing in one of the biggest cities in the world. Who are they? They are dabbawallas, the lunch carriers in Mumbai, India. To people working in the centre of Mumbai, home-cooked meals are like a greeting (问候) from their family. But it’s not easy for the workers to travel a long way with lunch boxes. Thanks to dabbawallas, they can enjoy a hot, fresh and healthy meal from home far away. Kiran, an experienced dabbawalla, tells the story. “Our method (方法) is simple but works well. In the morning we pick up lunch boxes at people’s homes by bike. Then we meet at the local railway station to divide the boxes into groups. We use colours, numbers and letters to help each other remember the customers’ names and addresses. We won’t get it wrong even in our sleep! When in Mumbai, each of us takes meals to workers in a certain area. The streets can be busy. The weather can be bad. But the lunch will always be on time. We work hard to serve people. We get their trust and respect (尊重). We take pride in our job.” 【译文】 他们每天旅行100多公里。他们骑自行车或步行为饥饿的工人带来约20万顿饭，时间都在下午12:30。他们中的许多人不会读写。但在世界上最大的城市之一，每600万个午餐盒中只有一个丢失。他们是谁？ 他们是印度孟买的午餐运输商达巴瓦拉。对于在孟买市中心工作的人来说，家常菜就像家人的问候。但工人们带着午餐盒长途跋涉并不容易。多亏了达巴瓦拉，他们可以在遥远的家里享受一顿热、新鲜、健康的饭菜。 基兰，一个经验丰富的达巴瓦拉，告诉这个故事。“我们的方法很简单，但效果很好。早上，我们骑自行车到人们家里取午餐盒。然后我们在当地火车站集合，把箱子分成几组。我们使用颜色、数字和字母来帮助对方记住客户的姓名和地址。即使在睡梦中，我们也不会出错！在孟买时，我们每个人都会给某个地区的工人送饭。街道可能很繁忙。天气可能不好。但午餐总是准时的。我们努力为人民服务。我们得到了他们的信任和尊重。我们为自己的工作感到自豪。” 11．What do dabbawallas do every day? A．They buy food for workers. B．They cook meals for workers. C．They carry lunches to workers. 12．How far do dabbawallas travel every day? A．More than 100 kilometres. B．More than 200 kilometres. C．More than 600 kilometres. 13．What helps dabbawallas remember the customers’ names and addresses? A．The sizes of the lunch boxes. B．The shapes of the lunch boxes. C．The use of colours, numbers and letters. 14．How do dabbawallas feel about their job? A．Busy. B．Proud. C．Tired. 15．Where can you probably read this passage? A．In a newspaper. B．In a cooking book. C．In a health magazine. 【答案】11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 【主题】说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了印度孟买的达巴瓦拉，他们每天为工人送午餐，行程超100公里，采用颜色、数字和字母的方法来记住顾客信息，以确保午餐能准时送达，他们对自己的工作感到自豪。 11．细节理解题。根据“They bring about 200,000 meals on bikes or on foot to hungry workers”可知，达巴瓦拉每天为工人送午餐，故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据“They travel more than 100 kilometers every day.”可知，达巴瓦拉每天行程超过100公里，故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据“We use colours, numbers and letters to help each other remember the customers’ names and addresses.”可知，颜色、数字和字母帮助达巴瓦拉记住顾客的名字和地址，故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据“We take pride in our job.”可知，达巴瓦拉对自己的工作感到自豪，故选B。 15．推理判断题。文章介绍了达巴瓦拉的工作情况，可能会在报纸上读到，故选A。 （三） （2024·江苏徐州·中考真题） In March 2006, burglars broke into a zoo in Queensland, Australia. They planned to steal a koala. Everybody loves koalas, right? With their big round eyes, flat noses, thick fur coat and hairy ears, these cute animals have become a popular symbol of Australia. However, appearances can be tricky. The koala at the zoo was very fierce. Soon the burglars had deep scratches (抓痕) from the koala’s sharp claws (爪), so they decided to steal something easier. They stole a crocodile instead! Koalas are interesting animals. A koala mother carries her baby, called a joey, in a warm pouch, or pocket, on her stomach. Koalas eat only the oily leaves of eucalyptus trees (桉树). These leaves are harmful to many other animals, but koalas eat about two and a half pounds (just over one kilo) every night. There is enough water in these leaves, so koalas do not drink very much. In fact, in one local Australian language the word koala means “no drink”. 【译文】 2006年3月，窃贼闯入澳大利亚昆士兰州的一家动物园。他们计划偷一只考拉。每个人都喜欢考拉，对吧？这些可爱的动物有着圆圆的大眼睛、扁平的鼻子、厚厚的皮毛和毛茸茸的耳朵，已经成为澳大利亚的流行象征。然而，外表可能很棘手。动物园里的考拉非常凶猛。很快，窃贼们就被考拉锋利的爪子划伤了，所以他们决定偷一些更容易的东西。他们反而偷了一条鳄鱼！ 考拉是有趣的动物。一只考拉妈妈把她的宝宝，叫小袋鼠，放在一个温暖的袋子里，放在肚子上。考拉只吃桉树的油性叶子。这些叶子对许多其他动物有害，但考拉每晚吃大约两磅半（略高于一公斤）。这些叶子里有足够的水，所以考拉不会喝太多。事实上，在澳大利亚的一种当地语言中，考拉这个词的意思是“不喝酒”。 16．What did the burglars steal in the end? A．A koala. B．A crocodile. C．A joey. D．A tree. 17．What will “fierce” animals probably do? A．They show politeness. B．They always feel hungry. C．They sleep all day long. D．They get ready to attack. 18．From the passage we know about koalas EXCEPT ________. A．what they look like B．when they have babies C．what they live on D．why they seldom drink 19．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Koalas Fight Back! B．Koalas Start to Change! C．Koalas Beat Crocodiles! D．Koalas Prefer Oily Leaves! 【答案】16．B 17．D 18．B 19．A 【主题】说明文、科普知识、常见动物 【导语】本文通过讲述窃贼闯入澳大利亚的一家动物园，想盗取考拉，但是考拉很凶猛，最后窃贼反而偷走了鳄鱼。并重点介绍了考拉的情况。 16．细节理解题。根据“They stole a crocodile instead!”可知，窃贼最终偷走一只鳄鱼，故选B。 17．词义猜测题。根据“Soon the burglars had deep scratches (抓痕) from the koala’s sharp claws”可知， 考拉很凶猛，用爪子抓伤了窃贼，“fierce” 表示“凶猛的”，因此，凶猛的动物可能会准备攻击。故选D。 18．细节理解题。根据“With their big round eyes, flat noses, thick fur coat and hairy ears”“Koalas eat only the oily leaves of eucalyptus trees”以及“There is enough water in these leaves, so koalas do not drink very much.”可知，文章中提到了考拉的外貌、食物和饮水习惯，但没有提到它们何时生育。故选B。 19．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了考拉反击窃贼的故事，因此“Koalas Fight Back!”是最合适的标题。故选A。 （四） （2024·山东威海·中考真题）①Almost everybody has had pimples (青春痘). It is a normal part of growing up. When kids reach teens, their bodies experience many changes. During this period, most teenagers often develop pimples. Also, many people continue to have pimples after teens. What can a teenager or an adult do to deal with pimples? Unluckily, many ways are really just myths. ②Many people believe that popping (挤) pimples is the best way. Popping a pimple will cause more redness and pain, or even probably turn into an illness. For that reason, doctors normally encourage people not to pop their pimples. ③Also, do you think that washing your face often will be helpful? Of course, it is a good idea, but washing your face too much could make the skin painful, making the pimples even worse. ④Another widely believed myth is that not wearing make-up (化妆) can help lower the chance of developing pimples. In fact, some kinds of make-up actually have special medicine in them to fight pimples. As a result, not all of them are bad for you. ⑤Along with make-up, people believe that eating fatty foods or chocolate can cause pimples. The truth is that eating a candy or a piece of pizza will not cause pimples. Even so, both teenagers and adults should still try to eat foods that are good for their bodies and their skin. ⑥Another myth is that stress can cause pimples. Stress comes in many forms, like a big exam at school or problems with friends. While it is true that stress can cause a person’s skin to create extra oil, this extra oil does not necessarily cause more pimples. 【译文】 ① 几乎每个人都有青春痘。这是成长过程中正常的一部分。当孩子们进入青少年时期，他们的身体会经历许多变化。在此期间，大多数青少年经常长痘痘。此外，许多人在十几岁以后仍然有粉刺。青少年或成年人可以做些什么来处理粉刺？不幸的是，很多方法都只是神话。 ② 许多人认为，痘痘是最好的方法。痘痘会引起更多的红肿和疼痛，甚至可能变成一种疾病。因此，医生通常会鼓励人们不要长痘痘。 ③ 此外，你认为经常洗脸会有帮助吗？当然，这是一个好主意，但洗脸太多会让皮肤疼痛，使粉刺更严重。 ④ 另一个被广泛认为的神话是，不化妆可以帮助降低长痘痘的几率。事实上，有些化妆品实际上含有对抗粉刺的特殊药物。因此，并非所有这些都对你不利。 ⑤ 除了化妆，人们还认为吃高脂肪食物或巧克力会导致粉刺。事实上，吃糖果或披萨不会引起粉刺。即便如此，青少年和成年人仍然应该尝试吃对身体和皮肤有益的食物。 ⑥ 另一个神话是压力会导致粉刺。压力有很多种形式，比如学校的大考或与朋友的问题。虽然压力确实会导致一个人的皮肤产生额外的油脂，但这种额外的油脂并不一定会导致更多的粉刺。 20．What’s the doctors’ advice on pop ping pimples? A．People should do it. B．You’d better not do it. C．It’s the best way to do it. 21．According to Paragraphs 3—6, what might cause pimples? A．Washing face. B．Eating a candy. C．Extra oil created on the skin. 22．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “myths”? A．Proper ways. B．Wrong thoughts. C．Normal problems. 23．Who can get help most from the passage? A．People who have trouble with pimples. B．Adults who have unhealthy eating habits. C．Students who have much stress on exams. 24．What’s the structure of this passage? A． B． C． 【答案】20．B 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 【主题】说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文主要讲述了青春痘的一些相关事实。 20．细节理解题。根据“For that reason, doctors normally encourage people not to pop their pimples.”可知，医生通常建议人们不要挤青春痘，故选B。 21．细节理解题。根据“Another myth is that stress can cause pimples.”和“While it is true that stress can cause a person’s skin to create extra oil, this extra oil does not necessarily cause more pimples.”可知，压力会导致皮肤产生额外的油脂，而这些油脂可能会导致青春痘，故选C。 22．词句猜测题。根据“Unluckily, many ways are really just myths.”和“Also, many people continue to have pimples after teens. What can a teenager or an adult do to deal with pimples?”可知，第一段讲述了人们对青春痘的普遍看法和做法，结合“Unluckily,”，因此上文提到的看法和做法可能是错误的观点，“myths”意为“Wrong thoughts.”，故选B。 23．推理判断题。文章主要讨论了青春痘的成因和误区，因此对有青春痘困扰的人帮助最大，故选A。 24．篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，第一段提出关于青春痘的问题；第二段至第六段分别解释不同的误区，故选B。 （五） （2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）After the haircut It’s getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair’s journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it’s cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs (假发), but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen (氮) that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you’ve got a wool sweater on, you’re wearing a sheep’s haircut. Sheep grow fine curly (弯曲的) fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don’t feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn’t catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace (微量) of chemicals (化学物质) that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure, it’s not just for wigs any more. 【译文】 理发后 天气越来越热了。你去剪头发。理发师托尼剪下你的一部分头发并把它扫掉，但理发后你的头发之旅还没有结束。 你有没有想过把头发剪掉后再把它扎起来？有些农民做！怎么了？不是假发，而是更大、更美味的作物。头发富含氮，有助于植物生长。当剪下的头发混合到土壤中时，头发会分解，慢慢释放出氮，这样可以帮助花和蔬菜更快地长大。 如果你穿了一件羊毛衫，你就剪了个绵羊头。绵羊长出细而卷曲的毛皮，称为羊毛。所有这些卷发都会形成气穴，锁住热量，让绵羊保持温暖。农民在夏天给羊剪毛，这样羊就不会觉得太热了。我们用头发做保暖的衣服、袜子和帽子。羊毛即使在雨中也不会感到潮湿。羊毛也不容易着火。 你的头发说明了什么？即使剪了很多年，头发也能透露出令人惊讶的秘密。因为头发是由旧细胞碎片组成的，所以头发生长时体内含有微量的化学物质。当人们被置于危险化学品的环境中时，这些痕迹会留在头发上，即使在它们从身体上消失很久之后。测试头发可以帮助医生知道食物和水中是否含有危险的化学物质。头发可以揭示另一个重要的秘密——它是谁的头发？这可以用来帮助解决犯罪问题。 头发为我们做了很多事情。它让我们保持温暖和凉爽，帮助农民，展现神秘，并提供无尽的造型乐趣。有一件事是肯定的，它不再只是假发。 25．In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage? A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health. 26．How does hair help plants to grow? A．It provides nitrogen. B．It breaks down soil. C．It takes in rainwater. D．It lets out a smell. 27．What does the underlined part “shear the sheep” mean? A．Give enough food to the sheep. B．Wash the sheep many times. C．Find living place for the sheep. D．Cut the wool off the sheep. 28．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Hair helps keep warm. B．Hair testing is important. C．Hair can tell secrets. D．Hair helps solve crimes. 29．How is the passage organized? （P: Paragraph） A． B． C． D． 【答案】25．C 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．A 【主题】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文介绍了头发的多种用途，包括帮助植物生长、制作羊毛衣物、揭示人体健康信息和协助破案等，展示了头发不仅仅用于假发的多样功能。 25．推理判断题。文章讨论了头发的多种用途，包括帮助植物生长、制作衣物、检测化学物质和解决犯罪等，这些内容都属于科学范畴，因此最有可能出现在科学部分。故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据“Hair is full of nitrogen (氮) that helps plants to grow.”可知，头发通过提供氮来帮助植物生长。故选A。 27．词句猜测题。根据“Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don’t feel too hot.”可知，此处是指农民为了让羊在夏天不感到太热而剪掉羊毛。故选D。 28．段落大意题。通读第四段和“Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets.”可知，本段主要讲述了头发可以揭示许多秘密，包括检测化学物质和解决犯罪等。故选C。 29．篇章结构题。首段引出关于头发的话题，第二，三和第四段分别介绍了头发的用途。最后一段进行总结。故选A。 （六） （2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals (化学物质) to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked (攻击) by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: I’m being attacked! These chemicals can’t be noticed by people but can be picked up by other plants. When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. That’s why the first plant is usually found hurt while the neighbors stay well. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds; but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can connect nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is connected underground by fungi (霉菌). It connects the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it can lead to bad effects. Plants can use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to talk with them ourselves. 【译文】 植物会说话吗？现代研究发现了一件令人惊奇的事情：它们确实会相互交流。 一段时间以来，人们已经知道植物使用化学物质相互交流。当植物受到昆虫的攻击时，就会发生这种情况。这种植物从被吃掉的叶子中释放出化学物质。这就像是一个警告，或者是一个求救信号：我受到了攻击！这些化学物质不会被人注意到，但会被其他植物吸收。当另一种植物获得化学物质时，它开始释放出自己的不同化学物质。其中一些化学物质可以驱赶昆虫。其他动物会吸引黄蜂！黄蜂杀死吃植物的昆虫。这就是为什么第一株植物通常被发现受伤，而邻居却安然无恙。科学家们希望更多地了解这种植物预警系统，以便我们可以用它来种植更多的作物。 更令人惊讶的是，植物也利用声音进行交流。人们听不见这些声音；但植物正在制造它们。有些植物用根部发出声音。玉米和辣椒植物就是这样做的。有些树缺水时会发出咔嗒声。 最令人惊讶的是，植物有一个惊人的通信系统，几乎可以连接森林中的每一棵植物。科学家们将这个系统称为“木材广域网”。木材宽网由真菌在地下连接。它将不同植物的根相互连接。它在某些方面类似于我们使用的互联网。利用木材广域网，植物可以相互共享信息，甚至食物。然而，这可能会导致不良影响。植物可以用它来互相窃取食物，或者传播化学物质来攻击其他植物。也许有一天，科学家们会学会如何创建一个“防火墙”来帮助防止这些攻击。 科学家们每天都在更多地了解植物相互交流的秘密方式。也许有一天，我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解，能够自己和它们交流。 30．What will plants do when they are being attacked by insects according to the passage? A．They will kill the insects by themselves. B．They will control the wasps to kill the insects. C．They will let their neighbors know what’s happening. D．They will produce chemicals to drive the insects away. 31．What do we know about the system of communication of plants in a forest? A．The plants in a forest are connected by the Internet we use. B．The “wood wide web” is built by joining the roots of the plants. C．Scientists hope to make a “firewall” to protect the system from being attacked by insects. D．The “wood wide web” can be both helpful and harmful to the connected plants. 32．What is the writer’s purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give people hope for further studies. B．To praise scientists for their great achievements. C．To call on people to do deeper research on nature. D．To encourage people to talk to plants. 33．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about plants according to the passage? A．Some trees make clicking sound when they need water. B．Scientists suggest that people should create a better environment for plants to grow well. C．Usually the same harm cannot be seen on a plant and its neighboring plants. D．All the plant communication methods mentioned in the passage can hardly be noticed by people. 34．How does the writer’s “surprise” about the plant communication develop? A． B． C． D． 【答案】30．D 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．C 【主题】植物、说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现植物会通过化学物质、声音和真菌彼此交流。 30．细节理解题。根据“This happens when a plant gets attacked (攻击) by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help”可知，当植物受到昆虫攻击时，它们会释放化学物质作为警告或求助信号。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据“Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it can lead to bad effects”可知使用“森林网”，对连接的植物有好处，然而，也有一些坏影响。故选D。 32．推理判断题。文章最后一段表示科学家们每天都在研究植物之间相互交流的秘密方式，并表达了人们总有一天可能会和植物交流的愿望，故推测作者写本文的目的是想给人们进一步研究的希望，故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据“Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.”可知有些树缺水时会发出咔嗒声；根据“That’s why the first plant is usually found hurt while the neighbors stay well”可知第一株植物通常被发现受伤，而周围的植物却安然无恙，所以同样的伤害不会发生在一株植物和它周围的植物上；根据“These chemicals can’t be noticed by people”以及“People can’t hear these sounds”可知人们注意不到植物的交流。故选B。 34．推理判断题。根据“Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.”“More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate”以及“Most surprisingly of all”可知现代研究发现了一件令人惊奇的事情：植物确实会相互交流；更令人惊讶的是，植物也利用声音进行交流；最令人惊讶的是，植物有一个惊人的通信系统。由此可见，作者的惊讶程度在增加。故选C。 （七） （2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）When you think of the sea, you may not think of Xinjiang or Inner Mongolia. But recently, the “seafood” produced in these places has become popular, especially after Japan put nuclear- contaminated water (核污染水) into the sea, reported China Daily. In Nilka county in Xinjiang, about 6,000 tons of rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼) will be produced this year. Rainbow trout belongs to the same family as salmon, which is a kind of well-known seafood. It tastes like salmon too. Why do farmers there choose to grow fish? The weather in some parts of Xinjiang is seldom hot, and the rivers are fed by meltwater from the Tianshan Mountains. Water deeper than 6 meters always stays at 10℃. As the meltwater is very clean and cold, it’s a “comfortable” home for fish, Li Chunyu, a worker at a fish company in Xinjiang, told China Daily. To make sure the river stays clean, the company uses machines to clean fish waste in the water. They also use net cages (网箱) that are good for the environment. The nets are about 51 meters wide and lie 25 meters deep in the river. Meanwhile, in Inner Mongolia, whiteleg shrimps, another kind of seafood, grow well. In this area, saline soil (盐碱土) covers a large part of the desert where few plants are able to grow. Farmers used to put water from the Yellow River onto the farmland to wash away the salt. This was a waste of salty water. Scientists then decided to create “seawater” with the salty water by adding in some other components (成分). Whiteleg shrimps can live well in this kind of water. They taste no different from the same kind of shrimps that grow in the sea. 【译文】 当你想到大海时，你可能不会想到新疆或内蒙古。但据《中国日报》报道，最近，这些地方生产的“海鲜”很受欢迎，尤其是在日本将核污染水排入大海之后。 在新疆的尼尔卡县，今年将生产约6000吨虹鳟鱼。虹鳟与鲑鱼同属一科，鲑鱼是一种著名的海鲜。它的味道也像鲑鱼。 为什么那里的农民选择养鱼？新疆部分地区的天气很少炎热，河流由天山山脉的融水补给。深度超过6米的水总是保持在10℃。新疆一家渔业公司的工人李春玉告诉《中国日报》，由于融水非常干净和寒冷，这里是鱼的“舒适”家园。 为了确保河流保持清洁，该公司使用机器清理水中的鱼类废物。他们还使用对环境有益的网箱。这些网宽约51米，深25米。 与此同时，在内蒙古，另一种海鲜白腿虾生长良好。在这个地区，盐渍土覆盖了沙漠的大部分地区，很少有植物能够生长。农民过去常常把黄河的水放在农田里冲走盐分。这是对咸水的浪费。 然后，科学家们决定通过添加一些其他成分来用咸水制造“海水”。白腿虾可以在这种水中很好地生活。它们的味道和海里生长的同类虾没有什么不同。 35．Rainbow trout comfortably live in ________. A．any open water area B．warm and clean rivers C．salty and warm ocean D．cold and clean rivers 36．The underlined words “fed by” in the passage can be replaced by ________. A．stopped by B．connected with C．polluted by D．provided with 37．To avoid water pollution caused by growing fish, the company ________. A．feeds the fish with machines B．grows fish in certain water areas C．grows one kind of fish once a year D．cuts down the fish production 38．Why are whiteleg shrimps introduced in the passage? A．To show the importance of rivers to a country. B．To introduce the safety of eating inland “seafood”. C．To compare it with common whiteleg shrimps. D．To show another “seafood” grown without using the sea. 39．What is the hidden message of the passage? A．Life will not be different without seafood. B．Xinjiang is rich in natural resources. C．China won’t be short of fishery products. D．Few plants can grow in the desert of Inner Mongolia. 【答案】35．D 36．D 37．B 38．D 39．C 【主题】种植与养殖、说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了新疆和内蒙古的“海鲜”很受欢迎，并且介绍了虹鳟鱼和南美白对虾的养殖方法。 35．细节理解题。根据“As the meltwater is very clean and cold, it’s a ‘comfortable’ home for fish”可知，虹鳟鱼生活在干净寒冷的水中。故选D。 36．词义猜测题。根据“The weather in some parts of Xinjiang is seldom hot, and the rivers are fed by meltwater from the Tianshan Mountains.”可知新疆部分地区的天气很少炎热，河流由天山山脉的融水提供，故此处划线部分和provided with意义相近。故选D。 37．细节理解题。根据“They also use net cages (网箱) that are good for the environment”可知他们使用对环境有益的网箱养鱼。故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据“Scientists then decided to create ‘seawater’ with the salty water by adding in some other components (成分). Whiteleg shrimps can live well in this kind of water. They taste no different from the same kind of shrimp that grows in the sea.”可知，科学家们决定通过添加一些其他成分，用盐水制造“海水”，南美白对虾在这种水中生活得很好，所以举南美白对虾的例子是为了展示不在海洋中养殖的海鲜。故选D。 39．推理判断题。根据“In Nilka county in Xinjiang, about 6,000 tons of rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼) will be produced this year.”以及“Meanwhile, in Inner Mongolia, whiteleg shrimps, another kind of seafood, grow well.”可知，在新疆尼尔卡县，今年将生产约6000吨虹鳟，在内蒙古，南美白对虾生长良好，可推知中国不会缺少鱼类产品。故选C。 （八） （2024·山东泰安·中考真题）When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? 80% of people around the world see nothing but skyglow (天光，人为白昼现象). This man-made brightening of the sky masks the stars. The night sky has played an important role in human life for thousands of years. Ancient peoples named the constellations (星座). Around the same time, Polynesian sailors used the sun and stars to sail on the sea in the correct direction. Later, the Maya civilization (文明) used the position of the stars to predict the changing of the seasons. But today, few people are able to see sky full of stars. So what happened? Light pollution is the reason. When man-made light enters into the night sky, it hides the stars. This excess (过多的) light comes from streetlights, office buildings, stores, flashing billboards, etc. Of course, people in modern societies need to light the night. Nighttime driving, walking, working, exercising, and more are all safer with man-made outdoor lighting. However, too much light at night can be harmful. It masks the stars and disturbs our natural sleep patterns, causing greater risk of cancer and heart disease. Light pollution can be greatly reduced (减少) with a few simple actions. The first is to stop wasting light. Outdoor lights can be covered so that the light shines down to the ground only where it’s needed. People can be more careful about using lights only when and where they are necessary. Besides, people can choose light bulbs (灯泡) with the smallest effective amount of brightness. Most bright white lights, including LEDs, give off a large amount of shorter-wavelength (波长较短的) blue light, which brightens the sky more than any other color of light. Choosing light bulbs with longer-wavelength light in yellow or orange can help prevent harmful light pollution. 【译文】 当你仰望夜空时，你看到了什么？全世界80%的人看到的只有天光。这种人为的天空变亮掩盖了星星。 数千年来，夜空在人类生活中发挥了重要作用。古代人将星座命名为星群。大约在同一时期，波利尼西亚水手利用太阳和星星在海上朝着正确的方向航行。后来，玛雅文明利用恒星的位置来预测季节的变化。 但今天，很少有人能看到布满星星的天空。那么，发生了什么事？ 光污染是原因。当人造光进入夜空时，它遮住了星星。这种多余的光线来自路灯、办公楼、商店、闪烁的广告牌等。 当然，现代社会的人们需要照亮黑夜。有了人造户外照明，夜间驾驶、步行、工作、锻炼等都更安全。然而，夜间过多的光线可能是有害的。它掩盖了恒星，扰乱了我们的自然睡眠模式，导致患癌症和心脏病的风险更大。 只需采取一些简单的行动，就可以大大减少光污染。首先是停止浪费光线。室外灯可以被覆盖，这样光线只会照射到需要的地方。人们只有在必要的时候和地点才能更小心地使用灯。此外，人们可以选择有效亮度最小的灯泡。大多数明亮的白光，包括LED，都会发出大量波长较短的蓝光，这比任何其他颜色的光都更能照亮天空。选择波长较长的黄色或橙色灯泡有助于防止有害的光污染。 40．By studying the night sky full of stars, ancient peoples did a lot except ________. A．naming the constellations B．sailing on the sea in the correct direction C．predicting the changing of the seasons D．letting man-made light enter into the night sky 41．Today most people can’t see the night sky full of stars because of ________. A．the excess light caused by humans B．the reduction of stars C．the changes in the position of stars D．the influence of weather 42．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．How to save electricity in our daily lives. B．How to choose light bulbs correctly. C．Two ways of reducing light pollution. D．The advantages and disadvantages of man-made light. 43．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A．Too much light at night can do harm to people’s health. B．Man-made light hides the stars when it enters into the night sky. C．In ancient times, the night sky played an important role in human life. D．Choosing shorter-wavelength blue light can help prevent harmful light pollution. 【答案】40．D 41．A 42．C 43．D 【主题】科普知识、环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文主要讲述了光污染对夜空的影响，特别是如何减少光污染以便更好地看到星空。 40．细节理解题。根据“The night sky has played an important role in human life for thousands of years. Ancient peoples named the constellations (星座). Around the same time, Polynesian sailors used the sun and stars to sail on the sea in the correct direction. Later, the Maya civilization (文明) used the position of the stars to predict the changing of the seasons.”可知，古人命名了星座、利用太阳和星星的指引在海上航行、预测季节变化，但没有提到让人造光进入夜空。故选D。 41．细节理解题。根据“ But today, few people are able to see sky full of stars. So what happened?...Light pollution is the reason. When man-made light enters into the night sky, it hides the stars. This excess (过多的) light comes from streetlights, office buildings, stores, flashing billboards, etc.”可知，光污染是主要原因，而光污染是由人类活动产生的过多光线造成的。故选A。 42．主旨大意题。根据“Light pollution can be greatly reduced (减少) with a few simple actions. The first is to stop wasting light...Besides, people can choose light bulbs (灯泡) with the smallest effective amount of brightness.”可知，最后一段主要讲了减少光污染的两种方法：减少浪费光线和选择合适的灯泡。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据“Choosing light bulbs with longer-wavelength light in yellow or orange can help prevent harmful light pollution.”可知，文章建议选择长波长的黄光或橙光来减少光污染，D选项与文章内容不符。故选D。 （九） （2024·广东广州·中考真题）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the same, or even better condition. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started today! 【译文】 你听说过升级改造吗？这是一种将旧的或不必要的东西变成有用的、通常很漂亮的东西的方法。 这和回收是一样的吗？回收通常会把旧东西，比如纸和玻璃，分解成新产品。当你对一个物体进行升级循环时，你可能正在做一些不同的事情。你可以简单地重新设计它。例如，你可以用一件旧T恤做一个包。此外，升级后的物体通常处于相同甚至更好的状态。 升级换代并不是一个新想法。现代升级改造的一些最好的例子来自旧时代。在那些日子里，东西被一次又一次地重新利用，直到它们不再有用。骑自行车是一种生活方式。当可以保存并转化为有用的东西时，不应该把它们扔掉。 很明显，升级回收是绿色的。它也被认为比回收更环保。升级只需要你自己的想法和工作，但回收需要能源或水来分解东西。 来自英国的年轻女子格蕾丝把用过的茶包变成裙子、鞋子甚至帽子。每天她都会喝一些茶，然后把茶包里的茶擦干。当它们干了，她把茶拿出来，把袋子放在一起做成一件衣服。这可能需要很长时间，但格蕾丝做了很多艺术品。 事实上，无论你是用旧东西创造物体，还是用升级的东西购买现成的产品，这两种方式都对环境有帮助，可以给你带来既美观又有用的东西。今天就开始吧！ 44．What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2? A．Break down useless things. B．Collect used things. C．Create things out of old ones. D．Come up with good ideas. 45．How is upcycling different from recycling? A．It’s a completely new idea. B．It needs more energy. C．It requires more time and work. D．It’s a greener way of life. 46．Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5? A．To list the steps of doing upcycling. B．To give a good example of upcycling. C．To express a different idea of upcycling. D．To provide basic knowledge of upcycling. 47．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to do upcycling. B．To introduce the history of upcycling. C．To compare upcycling with recycling. D．To explain the importance of recycling 【答案】44．C 45．D 46．B 47．A 【主题】说明文、环境保护、科普知识 【导语】本文主要讲述了升级回收 （upcycling）的概念、与普通回收（recycling）的区别、其环保优势以及通过 Grace 的故事展示了 “升级回收 ” 的实际应用，旨在鼓励人们进行“升级回收 ”。 44． 词义猜测题。根据“ For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt”可知，refashion的意思是“用旧的东西创造新的东西”，故选C。 45．细节理解题。根据“It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling”可知，“升级回收”是一种更环保的生活方式，故选D。 46．细节理解题。根据“Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and tums them into dresses, shoes and even hats”可知，作者通过Grace的故事来举一个“升级回收 ”的好例子，故选B。 47．推理判断题。根据“Get started today!”以及全文内容可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励人们进行“升级回收 ”，故选A。 （十） （2024·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）Owls (猫头鹰) are active mainly at night. They hunt (打猎) when it’s dark. Most of us humans go about our business in the daytime. So we hardly ever see owls during the day, but many of us like these night birds very much. Our love for owls has a long history, and it’s in all cultures. No matter how far you go back, there is always some type of art work or story that is about an owl. These days, we find pictures of owls almost everywhere. So what is it about owls that makes them so popular? Some bird researchers believe that owls are popular because of their “cool” looks. In order to see clearly in the dark, owls have large eyes. Unlike humans, owls cannot roll their eyes. Their heads have to do most of the turning-around work. It’s also for this reason that owls can turn their heads around almost entirely (完全地) on their necks. Besides, another reason for its popularity is its ability to hunt. Owls use sound to hunt. Their ears are special—the left ear is a bit higher than the right ear. A sound goes in one ear before it arrives in the other. This helps owls tell which direction a sound is coming from. So they have a good sense of hearing. Thanks to such unusual looks and abilities, owls are known as popular animals. Over the centuries, lots of stories about them have been created. These stories have made more people become interested in owls. 【译文】 猫头鹰主要在夜间活动。它们在天黑时狩猎。我们大多数人在白天做我们的事。所以我们白天几乎看不到猫头鹰，但我们中的许多人非常喜欢这些夜莺。 我们对猫头鹰的爱有着悠久的历史，在所有文化中都有。无论你走多远，总有一些关于猫头鹰的艺术作品或故事。这些天，我们几乎到处都能找到猫头鹰的照片。那么，猫头鹰为何如此受欢迎呢？ 一些鸟类研究人员认为猫头鹰之所以受欢迎，是因为它们的“酷”外表。为了在黑暗中看得清楚，猫头鹰有一双大眼睛。与人类不同，猫头鹰不能转动眼睛。它们的头必须完成大部分的转身工作。也正是由于这个原因，猫头鹰几乎可以完全用脖子转头。 此外，它受欢迎的另一个原因是它的狩猎能力。猫头鹰用声音狩猎。它们的耳朵很特别——左耳比右耳高一点。声音先传到一只耳朵，然后传到另一只耳朵。这有助于猫头鹰分辨声音来自哪个方向。所以他们有很好的听觉。 由于这种不同寻常的外表和能力，猫头鹰被称为受欢迎的动物。几个世纪以来，关于他们的故事层出不穷。这些故事让更多的人对猫头鹰产生了兴趣。 48．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why owls are active at night. B．How popular owls have been. C．Why owls hunt in the dark. D．How hard it is to see owls. 49．What is the meaning of the underlined part “roll their eyes” in Paragraph 3? A．Open their eyes. B．Clean their eyes. C．Close their eyes. D．Turn around their eyes. 50．Why do owls have a good sense of hearing? A．Because they have large ears. B．Because their ears can turn around. C．Because a sound can only go into their left ears. D．Because their left ears are higher than the right ears. 51．In which part of a magazine can you probably read the text? A．Natural world. B．Life and health. C．Language and culture. D．Science and technology. 【答案】48．B 49．D 50．D 51．A 【主题】说明文、科普知识、常见动物 【导语】本文主要介绍猫头鹰不寻常的外表和能力，揭示它们深受人们欢迎的原因。 48．主旨大意题。根据“Our love for owls has a long history, and it’s in all cultures. No matter how far you go back, there is always some type of art work or story that is about an owl”可知，第二段主要讲述了猫头鹰有多受欢迎。故选B。 49．词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，猫头鹰不能转动眼睛，它们的头部需要做大部分的转动工作，因此“roll their eyes”指的是“转动眼睛”。故选D。 50．细节理解题。根据“Their ears are special—the left ear is a bit higher than the right ear. A sound goes in one ear before it arrives in the other. This helps owls tell which direction a sound is coming from.”可知，猫头鹰的左耳比右耳高，这有助于它们判断声音的方向，因此它们有很好的听觉。故选D。 51．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了猫头鹰的特征和它们为什么受欢迎，因此最有可能出现在自然世界的部分。故选A。 （十一） （2024·山东日照·中考真题）Sounds from human activities spread across the ocean, causing much trouble to ocean animals. However, according to a new study, climate change might influence how sound travels through the water. Human-caused climate change influences the ocean in many ways, such as changing its temperature, salt level, and acidity (酸度). For example, when the water becomes more acidic, it can’t take in certain sounds. So those sounds travel further, adding to the noise in some areas. However, this effect (影响) is not as big as other changes. Changes like temperature and salt level can affect how the ocean’s different layers (层) mix. That, in turn, affects how sound travels. Researchers used computers to model how those changes influence noise levels across the ocean. They compared the models of the world now to those of the world in about 70 years if climate change continues. In the North Atlantic, they saw an increase in sound levels in the upper 125 meters of the Ocean. This was caused mostly by ice melting (融化) from Greenland, forming a cold layer of water near the Ocean’s surface. When sound travels through water, it turns toward the coldest layer. This made sound waves get stuck in the cold top layer and spread further out across the water instead of traveling deeper. As a result, the sound became louder at this depth in the North Atlantic. The rising noise levels in the Atlantic Ocean are worrying as they could disturb animals’ communication, hunting and travelling. Sharks already avoid loud ships, but with noise levels increasing everywhere, what will happen? 【译文】 人类活动的声音传遍海洋，给海洋动物带来了很多麻烦。然而，根据一项新的研究，气候变化可能会影响声音在水中的传播方式。 人为造成的气候变化以多种方式影响海洋，例如改变其温度、盐度和酸度。例如，当水变得更酸时，它无法吸收某些声音。因此，这些声音传播得更远，在某些地区增加了噪音。然而，这种影响并不像其他变化那么大。温度和盐度等变化会影响海洋不同层的混合方式。这反过来又会影响声音的传播方式。 研究人员使用计算机模拟这些变化如何影响整个海洋的噪声水平。他们将现在的世界模型与气候变化持续约70年后的世界模型进行了比较。在北大西洋，他们看到海洋上层125米处的声级增加。 这主要是由于格陵兰岛的冰融化，在海洋表面附近形成了一层冷水。当声音在水中传播时，它会转向最冷的层。这使得声波被困在冷顶层，并在水面上进一步传播，而不是传播得更深。因此，在北大西洋的这个深度，声音变得更大了。 大西洋不断上升的噪音水平令人担忧，因为它们可能会干扰动物的交流、狩猎和旅行。鲨鱼已经避开了吵闹的船只，但随着各地噪音水平的增加，会发生什么？ 52．What has a bigger effect on ocean noise? A．Sea level. B．Wind speed. C．Water temperature. D．Ocean acidity. 53．How did researchers carry out the study? A．By modeling changes in ocean noise levels. B．By finding areas with increasing ocean noise. C．By doing field research in the North Atlantic. D．By comparing today’s ice size to that of the future. 54．What do we know about the sound traveling through water? A．It can be easily blocked by ice. B．It can get stuck by the seaside. C．It goes towards the colder areas. D．It travels faster in the deep ocean. 55．What is the main idea of the text? A．Ice melting brings changes to water level. B．Some ocean animals keep away from ships. C．The more the ocean is acidic, the more sounds it takes in. D．Climate change may influence the way sounds travel in the ocean. 【答案】52．C 53．A 54．C 55．D 【主题】说明文、环境保护、科普知识 【导语】本文讲述了气候变化如何影响声音在海洋中的传播。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段“Changes like temperature and salt level can affect how the ocean’s different layers mix. That, in turn, affects how sound travels.”可知，水温对海洋噪音的影响更大。故选C。 53．细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers used computers to model how those changes influence noise levels across the ocean.”可知，研究人员通过模拟海洋噪音水平的变化来进行研究。故选A。 54．细节理解题。根据第四段“When sound travels through water, it turns toward the coldest layer.”可知，声音在水中传播时会朝向较冷的区域。故选C。 55．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, according to a new study, climate change might influence how sound travels through the water.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了气候变化可能会影响声音在海洋中的传播方式。故选D。 （十二） （2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A bird’s feather coat is made up of many different kinds of feathers. Each has a different function (功能). ●Head Feathers Head feathers come in all sizes. Tiny ones grow in overlapping (交叠的) rows to make a silky covering for a bird’s head. ●Primary Flight Feathers The outer wing feathers are long and strong. They are usually wider on one side. Their job is to push air as birds fly. ●Secondary Flight Feathers A row of smaller feathers grows on the bottom of the wing closer to the body. These also push air, so birds can fly. ●Tail Feathers Tail feathers help birds fly forward and stop during their flight. ●Down Feathers Down feathers grow under the other feathers. They are light and soft. Their job is to keep birds warm. ◆Flight Feathers push down on the air, so birds can fly. Feathers can move, so birds can change the shape of their wings. And feathers are light, so they don’t add too much weight. ◆Social Media Birds’ feathers tell the world who they are. Eye-catching feathers are good for attracting mates. ◆Protection Feathers of different colours and shapes act like camouflage (保护色), hiding birds from enemies. And often when an enemy tries to catch a bird, all it gets is a mouthful of tail feathers. ◆Keeping warm and cool Down feathers stop heat from getting in or out. This helps the bird stay just the right temperature. Feathers are so good at catching heat that penguins can stay warm even when standing on the ice sheet at 40 below zero. 【译文】 鸟的羽毛是由许多不同种类的羽毛组成的。每个都有不同的功能。 ●头羽 头毛有各种尺寸。微小的鸟以重叠的行状生长，为鸟的头部提供丝滑的覆盖。 ●主要飞行羽毛 外翼羽毛又长又结实。它们通常在一侧更宽。他们的工作是像鸟儿飞翔一样推动空气。 ●辅助飞行羽毛 一排较小的羽毛生长在靠近身体的翅膀底部。这些也推动空气，所以鸟可以飞。 ●尾羽 尾羽帮助鸟类向前飞行，并在飞行过程中停止。 ●羽绒 羽绒长在其他羽毛下面。它们又轻又软。它们的工作是给鸟保暖。 ◆飞行羽毛在空中向下推，所以鸟可以飞。羽毛可以移动，所以鸟类可以改变翅膀的形状。羽毛很轻，所以它们不会增加太多的重量。 ◆社交媒体 鸟的羽毛告诉世界它们是谁。引人注目的羽毛有助于吸引配偶。 ◆保护 不同颜色和形状的羽毛就像伪装一样，可以保护鸟类免受敌人的攻击。当敌人试图抓住一只鸟时，它得到的往往是一口尾羽。 ◆保暖凉爽 羽绒可以阻止热量进出。这有助于鸟类保持适当的温度。羽毛非常善于捕捉热量，即使站在零下40度的冰盖上，企鹅也能保持温暖。 56．Which part of a bird is introduced in the passage? A． B． C． D． 57．Which of the following feathers do birds mainly depend on to fly? ①Head Feathers    ②Primary Flight Feathers    ③Secondary Flight Feathers    ④Tail Feathers    ⑤Down Feathers A．②③④ B．①②④ C．③④⑤ D．①④⑤ 58．What can feathers help birds do according to the passage? A．Birds can change the shape of wings because feathers come in all sizes. B．Some feathers can help birds hide themselves because they are very light. C．Birds like penguins can keep warm because down feathers are quite silky. D．Some feathers can be birds’ social media because they can help attract mates. 【答案】56．C 57．A 58．D 【主题】说明文、科普知识、常见动物 【导语】本文主要介绍鸟的羽毛的不同作用。 56．细节理解题。根据“A bird’s feather coat is made up of many different kinds of feathers.”可知，文章介绍鸟的羽毛，故选C。 57．细节理解题。根据“●Primary Flight Feathers Their job is to push air as birds fly.”，“●Secondary Flight Feathers These also push air, so birds can fly.”和“●Tail Feathers Tail feathers help birds fly forward and stop during their flight.”可知，鸟类主要依靠主飞羽、次飞羽和尾羽飞行，故选A。 58．细节理解题。根据“Eye-catching feathers are good for attracting mates.”可知，醒目的羽毛有利于吸引配偶，选项D“有些羽毛可以成为鸟类的社交媒体，因为它们可以帮助吸引配偶。”表述正确，故选D。 （十三） （2024·江苏盐城·中考真题） How can we stop climate change? How can we stop air pollution? How can we live on a green planet? One way is to use clean energy. Clean energy does not harm the Earth. It never runs out. Energy from the Sun is clean. We just need to learn how to get and store more of it. Plants use energy from the Sun. They use it to turn water and air into sugar. The sugar can be used as food. Scientists know a lot about how plants make food. Some scientists want to get energy from the Sun like plants do. They want to make a machine that can use sunlight to make fuel (燃料) from water. Water is made up of two different parts. Breaking water into its parts is hard. Plants do it all the time, though. It is part of how they make food. With energy from the Sun, the new machine will break water into its parts. One of the parts will be used as fuel. Then the fuel is used to make electricity (电). The electricity can power cars, houses, and so on. This fuel is better for the Earth than gasoline (汽油). It does not pollute the air. Plants can help us learn how to make clean energy! 【译文】 我们如何阻止气候变化？我们如何阻止空气污染？我们如何生活在一个绿色的星球上？一种方法是使用清洁能源。清洁能源不会损害地球。它永远不会用完。太阳的能量是清洁的。我们只需要学习如何获取和存储更多的信息。 植物利用太阳的能量。他们用它把水和空气变成糖。糖可以用作食物。科学家们对植物如何制造食物了解很多。一些科学家希望像植物一样从太阳获得能量。他们想制造一种可以利用阳光从水中制造燃料的机器。 水由两部分组成。把水分成两半很难。然而，植物总是这样做。这是他们制作食物的一部分。借助太阳的能量，这台新机器将把水分解成零件。其中一个零件将用作燃料。然后，燃料被用来发电。电力可以为汽车、房屋等提供动力。 这种燃料比汽油对地球更有益。它不会污染空气。植物可以帮助我们学习如何制造清洁能源！ 59．How does the writer start this article? A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions. C．By comparing facts. D．By giving examples. 60．What will the new machine do? A．Break water into its parts. B．Make some food from plants. C．Turn water and air into sugar. D．Produce sugar as new energy. 61．In which part of a magazine can we read the article? A．Health. B．Society. C．Science. D．History. 【答案】59．B 60．A 61．C 【主题】科普知识、环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文主要讨论的是利用太阳能和植物的原理来制造清洁能源。清洁能源对地球无害。它永远不会用完。我们只需要学习如何获取和储存更多的能量。 59．细节理解题。根据“How can we stop climate change? How can we stop air pollution? How can we live on a green planet?”可知，文章开头通过提出一系列问题引出主题，故选B。 60．细节理解题。根据“With energy from the Sun, the new machine will break water into its parts.”可知，新的机器将利用太阳能将水分解成其组成部分，故选A。 61．推理判断题。文章主要讨论的是利用太阳能和植物的原理来制造清洁能源，这属于科学范畴，故选C。 （十四） （2024·山东济宁·中考真题） Sometimes when the rain falls hard and fast on you, it might hurt a little. But what happens when it hits a mosquito (蚊子)? In 2012, David Hu, a scientist at Georgia Tech, became interested in this problem and decided to do a research. He used a high-speed camera so that he could watch the mosquitoes in very slow motion and find out what they’re doing when they’re out in the rain. What he found is that when a raindrop falls on a mosquito, it’s like when a bus hits a person. Besides, the little insect (昆虫) is hit by a raindrop about once every 20 seconds. So why don’t we see many dead mosquitoes after it rains? A mosquito is as big as a raindrop, but it is much lighter —0.002g only. This saves its life in raindrop hits. Because the mosquito is so light, when it is hit by a raindrop, it won’t experience a force that is strong enough to kill it. The study also found that when a mosquito is hit by a raindrop, the insect is pushed by the raindrop and falls together with it. But the mosquito doesn’t get wet easily because it is covered with hairs which keep off water. After dropping about 6 cm, it will roll off the raindrop and fly away. However, this trick isn’t always successful. If the mosquito flies too low when it is hit by the raindrop, it won’t have time to fly off. Then it will hit the ground and meet its death. 【译文】 有时候，雨下得又大又快，可能会有点疼。但是当它碰到蚊子时会发生什么？ 2012年，佐治亚理工学院的科学家David Hu对这个问题产生了兴趣，并决定进行一项研究。他使用了一台高速相机，这样他就可以以非常慢的动作观察蚊子，并找出它们在雨中做什么。 他发现，当雨滴落在蚊子身上时，就像公共汽车撞到人一样。此外，这种小昆虫大约每20秒就会被雨滴击中一次。那么，为什么下雨后我们看不到很多死蚊子呢？ 蚊子和雨滴一样大，但要轻得多——只有0.02克。这在雨滴袭击中挽救了它的生命。因为蚊子很轻，当它被雨滴击中时，它不会受到足够强大的力量杀死它。 该研究还发现，当蚊子被雨滴击中时，昆虫会被雨滴推动并与雨滴一起落下。但蚊子不容易淋湿，因为它被挡水的毛发覆盖着。落下约6厘米后，它会从雨滴上滚下来飞走。 然而，这种伎俩并不总是成功的。如果蚊子在被雨滴击中时飞得太低，它就没有时间飞走了。然后它会撞到地上并死亡。 62．What does the underlined word “motion” mean? A．Time. B．Movie. C．Step. D．Movement. 63．What protect mosquitoes in the rain? A．Their mouths and their noses. B．Their eyes and their ears. C．Their legs and their wings. D．Their body weight and their hairs. 64．When is it dangerous for a mosquito in the rain? A．When it flies too close to the ground. B．When the rain falls too hard and too fast. C．When it is hit by raindrops too many times. D．When it drops for more than 6 cm in the rain. 65．Which of the following is a proper title for the passage? A．How Raindrops Hurt Mosquitoes B．When Mosquitoes Are in Danger C．Why Mosquitoes Aren’t Hurt in Rain D．When Mosquitoes Meet Their Death 【答案】62．D 63．D 64．A 65．C 【主题】说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文讲述了科学家David Hu对雨滴撞击蚊子的研究。 62．词义猜测题。根据“He used a high-speed camera so that he could watch the mosquitoes”可知，高速相机可以以非常慢的动作观察蚊子，所以motion表示“动作”。故选D。 63．细节理解题。根据“A mosquito is as big as a raindrop, but it is much lighter —0.002 g only. This saves its life in raindrop hits. ”和“But the mosquito doesn’t get wet easily because it is covered with hairs which keep off water. After dropping about 6 cm, it will roll off the raindrop and fly away.”可知，蚊子的体重和毛发能在雨中保护蚊子。故选D。 64．细节理解题。根据“If the mosquito flies too low when it is hit by the raindrop, it won’t have time to fly off. Then it will hit the ground and meet its death”可知，如果蚊子飞得太低，被雨滴击中后没有时间飞走，就会撞到地面而死亡。故选A。 65．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了为什么蚊子在雨中不会受伤。故选C。 （十五） （2024·北京·中考真题）Sam Hill is really bad at finding his way from place to place. The world is full of people like Hill—and their opposites, who always seem to know exactly where they are and how to get where they want to go. It has proved hard to explain why. However, with the development of technology, there’s new excitement happening in the research world. An experiment was carried out in 2022 to find out what might influence way finding ability. Researchers developed an online game in which players travel by boat to find where a lot of checkpoints lie. The game asked players to provide basic background information , and nearly four million people worldwide did so. Through the game, the researchers were able to judge navigational (辨识方向的) ability by looking at how far each person traveled to reach all the checkpoints. Then they compared players’ performance with their background information. The researchers found that Northern Europeans seemed to be better navigations, perhaps because they love orienteering (定向越野), a sport which involves cross- country running and navigation. And those from cities with more disorganized street networks (网状系统) did better than those from cities with orderly ones. Perhaps people of planned cities don’t need to build complex (复杂的) maps in their minds. Research results like these suggest that people’s life experience decides how well they find their way. In fact, experience may even explain a popular belief that men are more likely to perform better than women. It turns out that this difference is more a question of culture and experience than of in born ability. Northern Europeans, for example, show almost no gender (性别) difference in navigation. However, men do much better than women in places where women face cultural limits on exploring their environment on their own. That finding is also supported by studies on the Tsimane, a community living in a forest in South America. Researchers put GPS units on 305 Tsimane people to check their daily movements over a three-day period, and found no difference between men and women in navigational ability. Even children performed very well—a result, researchers think, of growing up in an environment that encourages children to explore the forest. 【译文】 山姆·希尔真的不善于从一个地方走到另一个地方。这个世界充满了像希尔这样的人，以及他们的对立面，他们似乎总是确切地知道自己在哪里，以及如何到达自己想去的地方。事实证明，很难解释原因。然而，随着技术的发展，研究界出现了新的兴奋。 2022年进行了一项实验，以找出可能影响寻路能力的因素。研究人员开发了一款在线游戏，玩家乘船前往许多检查站。游戏要求玩家提供基本的背景信息，全世界有近400万人这样做。通过游戏，研究人员能够通过观察每个人到达所有检查站的距离来判断导航能力。然后，他们将球员的表现与背景信息进行了比较。 研究人员发现，北欧人似乎更擅长航海，也许是因为他们喜欢定向越野，这是一项涉及越野跑步和航海的运动。而那些来自街道网络更加混乱的城市的人比那些有秩序的城市的表现更好。也许规划城市的人们不需要在脑海中构建复杂的地图。 这样的研究结果表明，人们的生活经历决定了他们如何找到自己的路。事实上，经验甚至可以解释一种普遍的观点，即男性比女性更有可能表现得更好。事实证明，这种差异更多的是文化和经验的问题，而不是天生的能力。例如，北欧人在航海方面几乎没有性别差异。然而，在女性独自探索环境面临文化限制的地方，男性比女性做得好得多。 这一发现也得到了对生活在南美洲森林中的Tsimane社区的研究的支持。研究人员在305名Tsimane人身上放置了GPS设备，以检查他们在三天内的日常活动，并发现男性和女性在导航能力方面没有差异。研究人员认为，即使是孩子们也表现得很好，这是在鼓励孩子们探索森林的环境中长大的结果。 66．Why was an experiment carried out in 2022? A．To develop an online way finding game. B．To improve the players’ way finding ability. C．To pick out people who are weak in way finding. D．To find out why people are different in way finding ability. 67．According to the passage, who is probably the best at finding their way? A．A woman who often explores nature. B．A girl who studies South American culture. C．A man who runs on a sports ground every morning. D．A boy who lives in a city with an orderly street network. 68．What can we learn from the passage? A．Good navigators are mostly made, not born. B．Navigation skills differ between the genders. C．Navigation skills are passed down, never lost. D．Good navigators bring developments in technology. 【答案】66．D 67．A 68．A 【主题】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文主要探讨了人们在辨识方向能力上的差异及其原因。研究表明，生活经验决定了人们的辨识方向能力，文化和经验比天生能力更重要。 66．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“An experiment was carried out in 2022 to find out what might influence way finding ability.”可知，2022年进行实验的目的是找出人们认路能力不同的原因。故选D。 67．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Research results like these suggest that people’s life experience decides how well they find their way.”可知，人们的生活经历决定了他们在认路方面的表现，结合最后一段最后一句“Even children performed very well—a result, researchers think, of growing up in an environment that encourages children to explore the forest.”可知，A选项“一个经常探索自然的女性”最为符合。故选A。 68．推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, experience may even explain a popular belief that men are more likely to perform better than women. It turns out that this difference is more a question of culture and experience than of in born ability. ”可知，事实上，经验甚至可以解释一种普遍的观点——男性比女性更有可能表现得更好。事实证明，这种差异与其说是天生的能力问题，不如说是文化和经验的问题。由此推知，好的领航员大多是培养出来的，而不是天生的。故选A。 （十六） （2024·四川内江·中考真题）International Women’s Day is on March 8 every year. On this day, people celebrate the achievements of women all over the world and continue to fight for basic rights (权利) for women. How did it start? In 1908, women in New York City wanted the right to vote. They also hoped to acquire shorter working hours and better pay. Then, in 1910 in Denmark, a woman called Clara Zetkin had the idea for an international day for women. The first International Women’s Day happened the next year. Why do we need a special day for women? In many countries, men get higher pay than women for doing the same job. Men get a better education and better health care, and do less work at home. Men also get better chances than women to get their jobs. We need a change for women so that women can have the same chances as men. How is International Women’s Day celebrated? People usually celebrate by remembering important women in history, like Emmeline Pankhurst, Rosa Parks, Marie Curie...It’s a very long list! They made great achievements in their fields. People also have special events to celebrate it. In some countries, boys and men celebrate this day, too! If you want to celebrate this important day, you could: 1. learn about an important girl or woman in your country (for example, in sports, science or history) and tell your classmates about her； 2. ask your teacher if you can do a class project about this day. 【译文】 国际妇女节是每年的3月8日。在这一天，人们庆祝世界各地妇女的成就，并继续为妇女的基本权利而斗争。 它是怎么开始的？ 1908年，纽约市的女性想要投票权。他们还希望缩短工作时间，提高工资。1910年，在丹麦，一位名叫克拉拉·泽特金的女性萌生了设立国际妇女节的想法。第一个国际妇女节发生在第二年。 为什么我们需要为女性设立一个特殊的日子？ 在许多国家，从事同样工作的男性比女性获得更高的工资。男性获得了更好的教育和更好的医疗保健，在家里做的工作更少。男性也比女性有更好的机会找到工作。我们需要为女性做出改变，这样女性才能拥有与男性相同的机会。 国际妇女节是如何庆祝的？ 人们通常通过纪念历史上的重要女性来庆祝，比如埃米琳·潘克赫斯特、罗莎·帕克斯、玛丽·居里……这是一个很长的名单！他们在各自的领域取得了巨大成就。 人们也有特别的活动来庆祝这一天。在一些国家，男孩和男人也会庆祝这一节日！ 如果你想庆祝这个重要的日子，你可以： 1.了解你所在国家的一个重要女孩或女人（例如，在体育、科学或历史方面），并告诉你的同学关于她的事 2.问问你的老师，你是否可以做一个关于这一天的课堂作业。 69．What does the underlined word “acquire” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Get. B．Refuse. C．Choose. D．Celebrate. 70．When did the first International Women’s Day happen? A．In 1908. B．In 1910. C．In 1911. D．In 1912. 71．What do we know about Marie Curie? A．She made great success in some fields. B．She made the same money as men. C．She started International Women’s Day. D．She fought for basic rights for women. 72．Who is this text probably written for? A．Nurses. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Students. 【答案】69．A 70．C 71．A 72．D 【主题】其他节日、说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文主要介绍了国际妇女节，包括节日的起源、庆祝方式等信息。 69．词义猜测题。根据“In 1908, women in New York City wanted the right to vote. They also hoped to acquire shorter working hours and better pay.”可知，1908年，纽约市的妇女想要选举权，也希望获得更短的工作时间和更好的报酬，划线单词表示“得到”。故选A。 70．推理判断题。根据“Then, in 1910 in Denmark, a woman called Clara Zetkin had the idea for an international day for women. The first International Women’s Day happened the next year.”可知，1910年，在丹麦，一位名叫Clara Zetkin的女士有了举办国际妇女日的主意。第二年，也即是1911年，是第一个国际妇女节。故选C。 71．细节理解题。根据“People usually celebrate by remembering important women in history, like Emmeline Pankhurst, Rosa Parks, Marie Curie… It’s a very long list! They made great achievements in their fields.”可知，Marie Curie在一些领域取得了巨大的成就。故选A。 72．推理判断题。根据“ask your teacher if you can do a class project about this day.”可知，问你的老师你是否可以做一个关于这一天的班级项目，因此文章是写给学生的。故选D。 （十七） （2024·新疆·中考真题）Laughter is a universal (全世界的) language for humans. It can help people to get on well with others. As children, we laugh when our parents make faces. Then we start to make others laugh like this. That’s how we learn to play jokes. But is playing jokes only humans’ ability? Scientists have found that some animals also have the ability. Sometimes we see dogs play jokes on each other. They come near slowly and then quickly run away. They may just want to have fun. It is also said that they could deal with their stress this way. Scientists say they have watched young apes (猿) play jokes. The young apes quietly follow adult apes and touch them secretly to surprise them. Then they playfully (调皮地) wait and watch what the adults would do. This action is similar to what human children do. Next time, when you find your pets doing something strange around you, maybe they are playing jokes with you. 【译文】 笑是人类的通用语言。它可以帮助人们与他人相处融洽。小时候，当父母做鬼脸时，我们会笑。然后我们开始让别人这样笑。我们就是这样学会开玩笑的。但开玩笑只是人类的能力吗？科学家发现，一些动物也有这种能力。 有时我们看到狗互相开玩笑。他们慢慢靠近，然后迅速跑开。他们可能只是想玩得开心。也有人说，他们可以用这种方式来应对压力。 科学家们说，他们看过年轻的猿类开玩笑。幼猿悄悄地跟随成年猿，偷偷地触摸它们，给它们一个惊喜。然后，他们开玩笑地等着看成年人会做什么。这个动作类似于人类儿童的行为。 下次，当你发现你的宠物在你周围做一些奇怪的事情时，也许它们是在和你开玩笑。 73．As a universal language, laughter can help to________ in the passage. A．surprise others B．follow adults quietly C．come near slowly D．get on well with others 74．How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 75．What do the young apes do after they touch the adults secretly? A．They playfully wait and watch. B．They run away quickly. C．They laugh loudly. D．They make faces. 76．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．We laugh when our parents make faces. B．Some animals can play jokes. C．Dogs play jokes to deal with their stress. D．Young apes like playing jokes with adults. 【答案】73．D 74．B 75．A 76．B 【主题】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们发现一些动物也有开玩笑能力。 73．细节理解题。根据“Laughter is a universal language for humans. It can help people to get on well with others.”可知，作为一种普遍的语言，笑可以起到帮助与他人相处融洽作用，故选D。 74．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes we see dogs play jokes on each other.”和第三段首句“Scientists say they have watched young apes play jokes.”可知，文章中提到了狗、猿两种动物，故选B。 75．细节理解题。根据“The young apes quietly follow adult apes and touch them secretly to surprise them. Then they playfully wait and watch what the adults would do.”可知，年轻的类人猿在偷偷触摸成年猿后，顽皮地等着看大人会怎么做，故选A。 76．主旨大意题。根据“But is playing jokes only humans’ ability? Scientists have found that some animals also have the ability.以及通读全文，可知本文主要介绍了科学家们发现一些动物也有开玩笑能力，因此这篇文章主要讲有些动物会开玩笑，故选B。 （十八） （2024·湖南·中考真题）Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume (音量) is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise. Do you know how we hear? There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves. Loud noises can damage (损伤) these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears, also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears. How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume. 【译文】 耳机很有用。许多孩子都在使用它们。但耳机也可能有害。如果音量太大，它们会导致听力损失。研究表明，在美国，每十个孩子中就有一个有听力损失。原因是噪音很大。 你知道我们是怎么听到的吗？耳朵里有帮助我们听的细胞。我们无法用眼睛看到它们。“我们称之为毛细胞，”杰基·克拉克说。“它们看起来像竖起的头发。”克拉克是德克萨斯大学的科学家。她研究噪音和耳朵。声音看不见，但它可以使毛细胞前后移动。想想树叶间的风。 大声的噪音会损坏这些细胞。一旦细胞受损，它们就不会再生。有时会有耳鸣。克拉克说：“这就像有人长时间在长笛上吹奏音符。”。这表明我们正在失去听力。耳鸣不仅对我们的耳朵有害，还会让我们感到不安。这就是为什么有必要保护我们的耳朵。 我们如何保护耳朵？我们使用耳机时最好把音量调低。我们应该能够听到周围的声音。其他人不应该从我们的耳机里听到噪音。克拉克说：“如果你戴耳机的时候我能听到你在听什么，那就太吵了。”为了保护我们的耳朵，把耳机的音量保持在一半左右。 77．What can we know about hair cells? A．They help us hear. B．They look like hairs lying down. C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes. 78．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A musical voice. B．A kind of instrument. C．Ringing in ears. 79．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give advice. B．To show problems. C．To explain reasons. 80．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone. B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low. C．After using a headphone, check your ears. 【答案】77．A 78．C 79．A 80．B 【主题】科普知识、说明文、意见/建议 【导语】本文主要介绍了耳机很有用，但是它也会导致听力丧失，所以文章建议我们要合理使用耳机。 77．细节理解题。根据“There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. ‘We call them hair cells,’ Jackie Clark said.”可知，毛细胞帮助我们听到声音。故选A。 78．词义猜测题。根据“‘It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,’ Clark says.”可知，这就像有人在笛子上很长时间吹一个音符，即耳朵有时有耳鸣现象。故推测划线单词应该是“耳鸣”的意思。故选C。 79．推理判断题。根据“How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，此段主要给出了使用耳机的建议。故选A。 80．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据“How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，本文主要讲了为了保护我们的耳朵，使用耳机时最好把音量调小。故选B。 （十九） （2024·湖南·中考真题）Would you be able to sleep with one eye open? Bottlenose dolphins (宽吻海豚) can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping. Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals (哺乳动物). These mammals have lungs (肺). And they don’t have gills (腮) like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers. Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there. Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror (镜子) and check different parts of their body in it. 【译文】 你能睁着一只眼睛睡觉吗？宽吻海豚可以。当他们睡觉时，只有一半的大脑进入睡眠状态。为了安全起见，他们睁着一只眼睛睡觉。他们大脑的一半会睡大约两个小时，然后他们大脑的另一半才有机会睡觉。有时，海豚在睡觉时会继续游泳。 海豚不是鱼，它们是哺乳动物。这些哺乳动物有肺。它们不像鱼那样有鳃。它们也是温血动物，必须游到水面才能让空气进入肺部。海豚不产卵。它们的幼崽是活的，它们喝母亲的奶。海豚是世界上最聪明的动物之一。有很多关于他们如何拯救人们的故事。它们能够像人类一样解决许多问题。他们甚至可以用工具捕鱼。但他们的聪明并不止于此。 海豚还可以将它们学到的任何东西传授给其他海豚，比如有趣的捕鱼技能。他们以多种方式相互交流。他们用不同的声音互相交谈。海豚知道其他海豚的“声音”，甚至知道是谁在发出什么声音。另一件表明他们聪明的事情是，他们还可以在镜子里认识自己，并在镜子里检查身体的不同部位。 81．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open? A．To stay safe. B．To sleep for two hours. C．To swim faster. 82．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2? A．They use gills to get air. B．They are warm-blooded. C．They lay eggs like fish. 83．How do dolphins talk to each other? A．By learning fishing skills. B．By using different sounds. C．By checking their bodies. 84．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from? A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature. 【答案】81．A 82．B 83．B 84．C 【主题】说明文、科普知识、常见动物 【导语】本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点。 81．细节理解题。根据“They sleep with one eye open to stay safe.”可知，海豚睡觉时睁着一只眼睛是为了保证安全。故选A。 82．细节理解题。根据“They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs.”可知，海豚是温血动物。故选B。 83．细节理解题。根据“They use different sounds to talk to each other.”可知，海豚通过使用不同的声音互相交谈。故选B。 84．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点，故推测这篇文章可能选自杂志的自然界版块。故选C。 （二十） （2024·山东东营·中考真题） We’ve all seen pictures of camels carrying heavy loads (负载物) across the sandy desert. They walk without stopping for food or water for several days. Have you ever wondered how they do it? For your answer, take a look at the bag round hump which is on a camel’s back. Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water. The hump is like a spare cupboard (备用食物柜) where the camel stores (储存) food and water for days when there is nothing to eat or drink. When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms. The food is changed into fat (脂防) and stored in the camel’s bump. When there is nothing to eat or drink, camels begin to use the stored fat in their humps. That’s why they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water. Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes, all of this water goes directly to the camel’s blood cells (组胞). Camels save water too. They never know when they’ll find the next watering hole. As they breathe out, their noses close quickly. The water in the breath stays in their bodies. After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight. The camel’s hump will become very small. As soon as this camel gets to an oasis (绿洲), it will take in hundreds of litres of water. In a day, it will get back most of its weight. Nature really has given camels the perfect system for living the hard desert life. 【译文】 我们都见过骆驼背着重物穿过沙质沙漠的照片。他们走了好几天不停地喝水或吃饭。 你有没有想过他们是怎么做到的？对于你的答案，看看骆驼背上的袋子圆丘。 骆驼是唯一有驼峰的动物。正是驼峰赋予了骆驼在没有食物或水的情况下长时间行走的惊人能力。驼峰就像一个备用的橱柜，骆驼在那里储存食物和水，好几天都没有东西吃或喝。 当生活很好，有足够的食物和饮料时，骆驼的驼峰可以长到40公斤大。食物被转化为脂肪并储存在骆驼的肚子里。 当没有东西吃或喝时，骆驼开始利用驼峰中储存的脂肪。这就是为什么它们可以在没有食物的情况下继续存活数周，在没有水的情况下存活长达10天。 骆驼就像海绵。他们可以在一杯短饮料中摄入130升水。在短短几分钟内，所有这些水都会直接进入骆驼的血细胞。 骆驼也节约用水。他们永远不知道什么时候能找到下一个水坑。当他们呼气时，他们的鼻子很快就闭上了。呼吸中的水留在他们的身体里。 在携带100公斤或更多的骆驼穿越沙漠长途跋涉后，骆驼可以减掉多达150公斤的体重。骆驼的驼峰会变得很小。一旦这只骆驼到达绿洲，它就会吸收数百升水。一天之内，它将恢复大部分重量。 大自然真的给了骆驼一个完美的系统来过艰苦的沙漠生活。 85．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The shape of the hump. B．The habit of the camel. C．The function (功能) of the hump. D．The ability of the camel 86．Which is TRUE about the hump? A．The hump stores different kinds of food. B．The hump always stays the same size. C．The hump can store more than 130 litres water. D．The weight of the hump depends on eating conditions. 87．What does the underlined word “sponges” mean? A．海绵 B．弹簧 C．水桶 D．吸管 88．Why docs the writer use some numbers in this passage? A．To explain the facts more clearly. B．To express the ideas more politely. C．To make the article more educational. D．To make the language more beautiful. 89．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Camels have some amazing abilities. B．Camels are good helpers for desert people. C．Camels have a great quality of never wasting water. D．Camels have a perfect system for living in the desert. 【答案】85．C 86．D 87．A 88．A 89．D 【主题】说明文、科普知识、常见动物 【导语】本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活。 85．主旨大意题。根据“Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water...”可知本段主要介绍了驼峰的功能。故选C。 86．推理判断题。根据“When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms”可知当生活很好，有充足的食物和饮料时，骆驼的驼峰可以长到40公斤大，可见驼峰的重量取决于饮食条件。故选D。 87．词义猜测题。根据“Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”可知是像海绵一样，可以吸水，故此处划线部分意为“海绵”。故选A。 88．推理判断题。根据“a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms”“they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water.”“They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink”以及“After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight.”可知这些数字更好地描述了骆驼的情况，即为了更准确地解释事实。故选A。 89．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了骆驼的驼峰的作用以及为什么骆驼可以在沙漠中生活，即骆驼在沙漠中有一套完美的生活系统。故选D。 （二十一） （2024·广东·中考真题）People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 【译文】 人们知道动物确实有感情，但他们不确定这些感情是否被正确理解。近年来，科学家们对奶牛、青蛙和熊猫的感受进行了研究。▲它说，人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。 研究人员在门后放了一个碗。碗里有时会有鸡喜欢吃的东西，比如米饭或昆虫。有时，什么都没有。当鸡看到门后的食物时，它们看起来很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音，即食物叫声。当没有食物时，鸡会发出低沉而长的声音来表达失望。研究人员记录了所有这些声音，并研究了它们的波。 然后，研究人员选择了16段这样的鸡叫声录音。一半来自看到食物的鸡，另一半来自没有找到食物的鸡。这些录音被播放给194名志愿者。69%的志愿者正确理解鸡是否感到快乐，其中一些人甚至没有照顾鸡的经验。 结果表明，人类具有理解鸡的感受的自然能力。希望这一发现能够带来新的技术来帮助养鸡，养鸡是许多国家的一个大产业。一些科学家已经在研究一种可以识别鸡的感受的智能计算机程序。这对那些想让鸟类更快乐、更健康的农民来说是个好消息。 90．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 91．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 92．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 93．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt. 94．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers 【答案】90．D 91．D 92．A 93．C 94．B 【主题】科普知识、说明文、常见动物 【导语】本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤。 90．推理判断题。根据“In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ... It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls.”可知，空前提到牛、青蛙和熊猫，空后提到鸡，选项D “一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单” 符合语境，故选D。 91．推理判断题。根据“When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds”可知，当鸡看到门后有食物时，它们似乎很高兴，并发出快速而响亮的声音。选项D符合 “快速而响亮的声音” 这一描述，故选D。 92．细节理解题。根据“The recordings were played to 194 volunteers.”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听，所以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫来帮助这项研究，故选A。 93．词句猜测题。根据“Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings.”可知，一些科学家已经在研究一种可以……鸡的情感的智能计算机程序。联系前文可知，是为了识别鸡的情感，故选C。 94．最佳标题题。本文介绍研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤，选项B “快乐的鸡，悲伤的鸡” 符合主题，故选B。 （二十二） （2024·天津·中考真题）Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 【译文】 盐对人们来说一直很重要。在过去，它和黄金一样值钱。多年来，人们发现了不同的加盐方法。一些早期的人从岩石中获取盐。在其他地方，人们从海里取盐。他们把海水放在阳光下。过了很长时间，水干涸了。然后人们就可以得到盐了。 今天，人们仍然从海里取盐。但大多数盐来自盐矿和盐井。人们是如何从盐矿中获得盐的？他们挖得很深。为了从盐井里取盐，人们把两根管子埋在地下。水通过其中一根管子往下流。在盐井里，水和盐混合在一起。它制造盐水。然后，盐水通过另一根管道被推上来。随后，将盐从盐水中取出。 人们曾经努力寻找和制造盐。现在，人们可以在任何食品店买到它。 95．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 96．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 97．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 98．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 99．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need 【答案】95．D 96．A 97．B 98．B 99．C 【主题】说明文、科普知识 【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。 95．细节理解题。根据“Some early people got salt from rocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。 96．细节理解题。根据“They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。 97．细节理解题。根据“They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。 98．细节理解题。根据“Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。 99．主旨大意题。根据“Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt”，“Today, people still get salt from the sea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。 （二十三） （2024·河南·中考真题）An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 【译文】 一句用于预测天气的古语说：“夜晚的天空是红的，水手们高兴。早晨的天空是红色的，水手会注意到。”这句话是真的吗？事实证明是这样的。日落时的红色天空可能意味着太阳落山的西边有晴朗的天空。日出时的红色天空通常意味着晴朗的天气已经过去，所以风暴可能即将到来。 天气预报已经实行了数千年。公元前5世纪，希腊人向水手发出预报。他们用自然界的标志来预报天气。但如今，气象学家提前发送准确的预报。他们使用科学仪器研究世界各地的天气状况并做出预报。飞行员、农民和许多其他人都依赖这些预测。幸运的是，我们大多数人都可以简单地看智能手机或打开电视来了解即将到来的天气。 如果你正在寻找天气的迹象，请注意大自然。天气预报有两个基本规则：天气通常从西向东移动，低气压通常意味着下雨或下雪。所以要注意这些迹象。如果彩虹在日出时在西方形成，那么太阳就在路上。闻一闻这些花——它们的气味在潮湿的空气中更浓。蚂蚁在做什么？他们正在向更高的地方迁移吗？这可能意味着气压下降。这些鸟飞得低还是高？气压下降可能会影响鸟类的耳朵，所以它们飞得很低。如果日落时天空是红色的，你可以计划第二天去野餐！ 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 100．What is the old saying about? A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky. C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work. 101．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B．The persons who carry out research on natural history. C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 102．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 103．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 104．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage people to get c$$ · 阅读理解之科普知识篇原文 · 1、 广西真题(2022-2024) （一） （2022·广西梧州·中考真题）David Bennett, a 57-year-old man from the US, received the world’s first pig heart transplant（移植）on January 7th, 2022. He died two months later on March 9th.     It may sound like a failure, but it actually is a big step forward for xenotransplantation（异种器官移植）.     Xenotransplantation has been a hot topic in medical research for many years.Doctors and scientists look for ways to solve the big problem of organ（器官）transplant waiting lists. In the US alone, over 100,000 patients are on a list waiting for new organs. Many of them will die before getting their chance to receive a heart, a kidney（肾）or other important organs. As a result, medical science has turned to animal organs.     Doctors have experimented with xenotransplantation since the early 20th century. There are few success stories. Usually, patients’ bodies reject（排斥）the animal organs. Bennet lived much longer than other xenotransplantation patients. That’s because scientists removed pig genes（基因）that would cause fast rejection. Then they added human genes to help the body accept the organ.     In fact, Bennett’s case was not the only success. Doctors at New York University attached（连接）gene-edited pig kidneys to a human patient’s blood vessels（血管）outside of the body in 2021. Doctors at University of Alabama put the gene-edited pig kidneys inside a patient’s body in the same year.     Though these successes were short-lived, they show that there may be a way forward for xenotransplantation. “A lot of new information will come out. The development of this field will benefit from it and move forward at faster speed.” Muhammad Mohiuddin, director of the transplant program, told The Guardian. 1．How long did David Bennett live after the pig heart transplant?  ________ A．9 months B．3 months. C．2 months. D．1 month. 2．What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 3? ________ A．Human organs are expensive. B．Many patients died because of the organ transplant. C．Compared with human organs, animal organs are easier to get. D．Patients cannot accept the animal organs in their bodies. 3．According to Paragraph 4, what may the main problem of xenotransplantation be? ________ A．Patients’ ideas. B．Bodies’ rejection. C．The high price. D．The number of organs. 4．What does the underlined word “benefit” mean in Chinese in the last paragraph? ________ A．得益 B．赞扬 C．传播 D．涉及 5．What does the writer think of xenotransplantation?  ________ A．It should be stopped because of the death cases. B．It has become more and more popular. C．It is too difficult to carry on. D．It is valuable and worth researching. （二） （2022·广西河池·中考真题）On Dec. 9, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth! Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu who are working aboard the Tiangong space station, showed our students a glimpse of their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them. Use it or lose it The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity（重力）. But in space, our bones and muscles（肌肉） don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. It’s reported that astronauts can lose up to 20% of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work. Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands（弹力带） inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch（拉伸） the bands. This keeps their muscles strong. Wang also showed students how she walked on a treadmill（跑步机） and rode a bicycle. Astronauts exercise with these tools every day to prevent muscle loss. Space water is different Water in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow（流动） downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws（吸管） in sealed（密封的）bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs instead of falling down. They have to wipe（擦拭） them away！ During another experiment, Wang made a water film（膜）. Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth. 6．The astronauts gave a ________ lecture 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec. 9. A．science B．Chinese C．history D．geography 7．The astronauts might become weak in the space because ________. A．their bodies will stop growing B．they have to work for long hours C．they might lose some of their muscles D．their muscles have to support more weight 8．Zhai showed ________ to the students during the lecture. A．Earth’s gravity B．a “penguin suit” C．a treadmill D．a bicycle 9．Which is NOT TRUE about water in space? A．If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs. B．If astronauts pour the water into a cup, it will flow downward. C．If astronauts add more water drops onto the film, it will become a water ball. D．The astronauts usually drink water through straws in sealed bags. 10．The word “_________” can best describe the lecture in space. A．Boring B．Careless C．Dangerous D．Eye-opening （三） （2022·广西河池·中考真题）Hubei Provincial Museum is one of the most famous places in Wuhan. Standing by the beautiful East Lake, the museum was opened about 60 years ago. The museum covers an area of 81,909 square meters. It collects, protects, and exhibits（展出）the cultural relics（文物）discovered in the province. Since 1953, the museum has collected over 260,000 cultural relics. Among them, nearly 1,000 are listed as first-class relics of China, and 16 are considered national treasures. One of the most famous treasures is the Sword （剑） of Goujian. It is named after the King of Yue State. Although this bronze sword （青铜剑） has been under the ground for more than 2,500 years, its decorations are still clear. Another treasure in the museum is the Zenghouyi Chime Bells （编钟）. It was found in 1978. It is the largest bronze musical instrument ever discovered. With a set of bells of different sizes, it can play many pieces of music, and it sounds quite beautiful. There are over 3,000 ancient Chinese characters （汉字） on the bells, describing the music and the owner of this instrument. If you want to get a taste of the rich history in Hubei, be sure to pay a visit to the Provincial Museum when you are in Wuhan. 11．How long has Hubei Provincial Museum been opened? A．For about sixty years. B．For about forty years. C．For about sixteen years. D．For about seventy years. 12．What can we see in Hubei Provincial Museum? A．Gold. B．Robots. C．Stones. D．Cultural relics. 13．Which period of history did the owner of the Sword of Goujian live? A．In Tang Dynasty. B．In Han Dynasty. C．In Qin Dynasty. D．During the Spring and Autumn Period. 14．Which of the following is TRUE about the Zenghouyi Chime Bells? A．It was found in 1968. B．There are many English words on it. C．It is the largest bronze musical instrument ever discovered. D．The Zenghouyi Chime Bells were made in the same size. 15．What can we know from the passage? A．There are 60 national treasures in the museum. B．We can learn the rich history of Hubei in the museum. C．The museum has collected over 260, 000 cultural relics since 1978. D．The Sword of Goujian has been under the ground for 1500 years. （四） （2022·广西贺州·中考真题）Several large companies have begun creating paper bottles to replace glass and plastic ones. A company called Paboco has been working with many large companies to develop paper bottles. These companies are creating their own bottle designs. Clearly, one of the biggest challenges is keeping a paper bottle from leaking (渗漏). The inside of the bottle needs a special liner (衬层) to make sure the liquid doesn’t leak through. Many companies are lining their bottles with thin plastic. Though bottle makers may say this liner can be removed and recycled, many recycling programs don’t have the right machines to deal with these liners. A Danish beer company called Carlsberg is working with Paboco on a paper bottle called the “Green Fiber Bottle”. Now the bottle uses a plastic liner. In the future the company hopes to use a “bio-plastic (生物塑料)” that will break down naturally over time. But even without the plastic, paper bottles aren’t perfect. Most paper bottles use wood pulp (木浆). That could lead to the loss of forests. Frugalpac, a company from the United Kingdom, has created bottles made of recycled paper, so no trees need to be cut down. Frugalpac still uses plastic liners, though. But with so many companies working towards the same goal, we will see more paper bottles on store shelves in the near future. 根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。 16．One of the biggest challenges of using paper bottles is _________. A．how to use few liners B．how to make perfect liners C．keeping the plastic bottles from breaking down D．keeping the paper bottles from leaking 17．What does the underlined word “Frugalpac” refer to? A．A Danish milk company. B．A Danish beer company. C．A company from the United States of America. D．A company from the United Kingdom. 18．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．A company called Paboco has been working to develop paper bottles alone. B．Many paper bottles have thin plastic inside. C．It’s impossible to remove and recycle the liners of paper bottles. D．The loss of forests leads to the use of wood pulp in most paper bottles. 19．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．Paper bottles are not perfect. B．Bottles are made of recycled paper. C．Some companies work to develop paper bottles. D．Some companies work to develop glass and plastic bottles. （五） （2023·广西·中考真题）Southern white rhinos (犀牛) mainly live in Africa. They are very large in size, about 4 metres long, 1.75 metres high, and over two tons in weight. There are two horns (角) on the nose. The front horn is over half a metre long, while the other one is smaller. Southern white rhinos are not really white. They are grey in colour. “White” may come from the Afrikaans word for “wide”. It has some connection with their wide mouths. Southern white rhinos live on grass, leaves, fruit and so on. They have very poor eyesight. However, they have good hearing and an excellent sense of smell. Their skin (皮肤) is nearly 5 cm thick but is very sensitive. During the day, they try to find a cool place to avoid sunburn. Southern white rhinos lie in mud (泥浆) when they can, as it sticks to their skin and protects them from the bright African sun. Some humans kill rhinos for their horns. They sell horns to those who believe horns have magic powers or can treat sickness. It puts southern white rhinos in danger. Now many actions are taken to protect southern white rhinos. The international trade in rhino horn has been stopped in the world. Besides, many protected areas have been built, especially in South Africa. Up to 2020, more than 20 countries have made rules to protect southern white rhinos. Today the number of southern white rhinos has increased to over 20,000 in the wild. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 20．Where do southern white rhinos mainly live? A．In Europe. B．In America. C．In Africa. 21．What colour are southern white rhinos? A．Red. B．Blue. C．Grey. 22．What does the underlined word “sensitive” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．健康的 B．敏感的 C．光滑的 23．Why do some humans kill southern white rhinos? A．For their horns. B．For their meat. C．For their noses. 24．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Ways to feed southern white rhinos. B．Actions of protecting southern white rhinos. C．Places for southern white rhinos to live in. （六） （2024·广西·中考真题）Have you ever imagined what bees can do with their tiny brains? Now scientists are looking into a bee’s brain. Clint Perry, a scientist, has spent much time studying how bees think. He says studying bees is not very different from studying other animals. “The main difficulty is to design (设计) an experiment (实验) bee and get what we want,” he says. “With humans, we can ask them a question and get an answer. But we can’t use the same way to get an answer from bees. They are just trying to get sugar. Bees like sugar.” The fact that bees like sugar is helpful for scientists to design experiments. For example, in one experiment, Perry gave bees a task: to find delicious sugar on a landing place above a black bar (棒). Perry made the task easier or harder by moving the landing place farther from or closer to the black bar. He found that bees would avoid the task when it was difficult. And when the task was easy, bees would try it. As for humans, we might choose not to take a test when we weren’t ready for it. And we might choose to take the test when we were well prepared. In the same way, bees seemed to make decisions like humans. Perry points out that we are not sure whether bees actually make a thoughtful choice from experiments. Now scientists still do not know how bees manage to do so much with their tiny brains. But learning more about how bees’ brains work could help us learn more about how our own brains deal with information. 根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。 25．What did Perry study in his experiments? A．How bees sleep. B．How bees think. C．How bees dream. 26．What can we know from Paragraph 2? A．Bees can talk. B．Bees are lazy. C．Bees like sugar. 27．What would bees do when the task was easy according to Paragraph 3? A．They would try it. B．They would avoid it. C．They would praise it. 28．What’s the importance of looking into bees’ brains? A．It helps us learn how human brains work. B．It tells us how to make thoughtful choices. C．It lets us know how to deal with information. 29．Where is the article probably taken from? A．A travel magazine. B．A sports magazine. C．A science magazine. 一、全国真题（2024） （一） （2024·海南·中考真题）A hug (拥抱) is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people hold each other closely. People hug for many different reasons in their lives. For example, if a child is sad, a parent may hug him or her to give comfort. Grown-ups may hug to show each other love. Friends may hug to show friendship. Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team members. Hugs may seem unimportant, but hugging is a necessary human need. For example, hugging is important in building human relationships. When a person is given a hug, he or she feels loved and important. In this way, it creates a sense of trust, belonging (归属感) and safety that encourages open communication and understanding with others. Hugging also has many health advantages. For example, hugs can be good for people’s heath. Research has shown that hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry levels. Giving and receiving hugs can also make people happier. Finally, hugging can even save lives. In recent years, doctors have found that it is best when a baby is held soon after being born. It keeps the baby warm and helps keep his heart rate stable (心率平稳). Besides, these babies feel safer and seem to be happier. Sometimes, a hug from a mother can save the life of her newly-born baby who is dying. Knowing the importance of a hug, one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001. It was an act of kindness to show that everyone is an important person. Giving hugs to unknown people who wanted or needed a bug became popular in society. Now, the month of July is known as International Free Hugs Month. Someone once said, “We need four hugs a day for living on. We need eight hugs a day for holding on. We need twelve hugs a day for growing up.” There may not be many people who give out 12 a day. But for all it advantages, maybe it is something we should all do more often. 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．A mother may hug her son to show her sadness. B．Friends may hug each other to share their interests. C．Team members may hug to share happiness of victory. 2．Which of the following shows the advantage of hugging according to the passage? A．Hugging can help people stay away from danger. B．Hugging can help people get more pleasure. C．Hugging can help protect people from illness. 3．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By telling stories. 4．Why did the man start the Free Hugs Campaign? A．To offer help to all kinds of people. B．To give more hugs to important people. C．To encourage more people to give hugs. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．More Hugs, Better Lives B．More Hugs, Less Worry C．Free Hugs, Good Friends （二） （2024·海南·中考真题） They travel more than 100 kilometers every day. They bring about 200,000 meals on bikes or on foot to hungry workers, all at exactly 12:30 p. m. Many of them can’t read or write. But only 1 in every around 6,000,000 lunch boxes ever goes missing in one of the biggest cities in the world. Who are they? They are dabbawallas, the lunch carriers in Mumbai, India. To people working in the centre of Mumbai, home-cooked meals are like a greeting (问候) from their family. But it’s not easy for the workers to travel a long way with lunch boxes. Thanks to dabbawallas, they can enjoy a hot, fresh and healthy meal from home far away. Kiran, an experienced dabbawalla, tells the story. “Our method (方法) is simple but works well. In the morning we pick up lunch boxes at people’s homes by bike. Then we meet at the local railway station to divide the boxes into groups. We use colours, numbers and letters to help each other remember the customers’ names and addresses. We won’t get it wrong even in our sleep! When in Mumbai, each of us takes meals to workers in a certain area. The streets can be busy. The weather can be bad. But the lunch will always be on time. We work hard to serve people. We get their trust and respect (尊重). We take pride in our job.” 11．What do dabbawallas do every day? A．They buy food for workers. B．They cook meals for workers. C．They carry lunches to workers. 12．How far do dabbawallas travel every day? A．More than 100 kilometres. B．More than 200 kilometres. C．More than 600 kilometres. 13．What helps dabbawallas remember the customers’ names and addresses? A．The sizes of the lunch boxes. B．The shapes of the lunch boxes. C．The use of colours, numbers and letters. 14．How do dabbawallas feel about their job? A．Busy. B．Proud. C．Tired. 15．Where can you probably read this passage? A．In a newspaper. B．In a cooking book. C．In a health magazine. （三） （2024·江苏徐州·中考真题） In March 2006, burglars broke into a zoo in Queensland, Australia. They planned to steal a koala. Everybody loves koalas, right? With their big round eyes, flat noses, thick fur coat and hairy ears, these cute animals have become a popular symbol of Australia. However, appearances can be tricky. The koala at the zoo was very fierce. Soon the burglars had deep scratches (抓痕) from the koala’s sharp claws (爪), so they decided to steal something easier. They stole a crocodile instead! Koalas are interesting animals. A koala mother carries her baby, called a joey, in a warm pouch, or pocket, on her stomach. Koalas eat only the oily leaves of eucalyptus trees (桉树). These leaves are harmful to many other animals, but koalas eat about two and a half pounds (just over one kilo) every night. There is enough water in these leaves, so koalas do not drink very much. In fact, in one local Australian language the word koala means “no drink”. 16．What did the burglars steal in the end? A．A koala. B．A crocodile. C．A joey. D．A tree. 17．What will “fierce” animals probably do? A．They show politeness. B．They always feel hungry. C．They sleep all day long. D．They get ready to attack. 18．From the passage we know about koalas EXCEPT ________. A．what they look like B．when they have babies C．what they live on D．why they seldom drink 19．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Koalas Fight Back! B．Koalas Start to Change! C．Koalas Beat Crocodiles! D．Koalas Prefer Oily Leaves! （四） （2024·山东威海·中考真题）①Almost everybody has had pimples (青春痘). It is a normal part of growing up. When kids reach teens, their bodies experience many changes. During this period, most teenagers often develop pimples. Also, many people continue to have pimples after teens. What can a teenager or an adult do to deal with pimples? Unluckily, many ways are really just myths. ②Many people believe that popping (挤) pimples is the best way. Popping a pimple will cause more redness and pain, or even probably turn into an illness. For that reason, doctors normally encourage people not to pop their pimples. ③Also, do you think that washing your face often will be helpful? Of course, it is a good idea, but washing your face too much could make the skin painful, making the pimples even worse. ④Another widely believed myth is that not wearing make-up (化妆) can help lower the chance of developing pimples. In fact, some kinds of make-up actually have special medicine in them to fight pimples. As a result, not all of them are bad for you. ⑤Along with make-up, people believe that eating fatty foods or chocolate can cause pimples. The truth is that eating a candy or a piece of pizza will not cause pimples. Even so, both teenagers and adults should still try to eat foods that are good for their bodies and their skin. ⑥Another myth is that stress can cause pimples. Stress comes in many forms, like a big exam at school or problems with friends. While it is true that stress can cause a person’s skin to create extra oil, this extra oil does not necessarily cause more pimples. 20．What’s the doctors’ advice on pop ping pimples? A．People should do it. B．You’d better not do it. C．It’s the best way to do it. 21．According to Paragraphs 3—6, what might cause pimples? A．Washing face. B．Eating a candy. C．Extra oil created on the skin. 22．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “myths”? A．Proper ways. B．Wrong thoughts. C．Normal problems. 23．Who can get help most from the passage? A．People who have trouble with pimples. B．Adults who have unhealthy eating habits. C．Students who have much stress on exams. 24．What’s the structure of this passage? A． B． C． （五） （2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）After the haircut It’s getting hot. You go to have your hair cut. The barber Tony cuts off part of your hair and sweeps it away, but your hair’s journey is not over after the haircut. Have you ever thought of planting your old hair after it’s cut off? Some farmers do! What comes up? Not wigs (假发), but bigger and tastier crops. Hair is full of nitrogen (氮) that helps plants to grow. When cut hair is mixed into soil, the hair breaks down, slowly letting out nitrogen so it can help flowers and vegetables got big a little faster. If you’ve got a wool sweater on, you’re wearing a sheep’s haircut. Sheep grow fine curly (弯曲的) fur called wool. All those curls make air pockets that trap heat, keeping the sheep warm. Farmers shear the sheep in summer, so the sheep don’t feel too hot. And we use the hair to make warm clothes, socks, and hats. Wool can even take in rain without feeling wet. Wool also doesn’t catch fire easily. What does your hair say about you? Even many years after it has been cut, hair can tell surprising secrets. Because hair is made from bits of old cells, it has trace (微量) of chemicals (化学物质) that were in the body when the hair grew. When people are kept in the situation of dangerous chemicals, these traces remain in the hair, even long after they have disappeared from the body itself. Testing hair can help doctors know if there are dangerous chemicals in the food and water. Hair can tell another important secret—whose hair is it? This can be used to help solve crimes. Hair does so many things for us. It keeps us warm and cool, helps farmers, shows mysteries, and provides endless styling fun. One thing is for sure, it’s not just for wigs any more. 25．In which part of a magazine can we probably read this passage? A．History. B．Fashion. C．Science. D．Health. 26．How does hair help plants to grow? A．It provides nitrogen. B．It breaks down soil. C．It takes in rainwater. D．It lets out a smell. 27．What does the underlined part “shear the sheep” mean? A．Give enough food to the sheep. B．Wash the sheep many times. C．Find living place for the sheep. D．Cut the wool off the sheep. 28．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Hair helps keep warm. B．Hair testing is important. C．Hair can tell secrets. D．Hair helps solve crimes. 29．How is the passage organized? （P: Paragraph） A． B． C． D． （六） （2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals (化学物质) to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked (攻击) by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: I’m being attacked! These chemicals can’t be noticed by people but can be picked up by other plants. When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps (黄蜂)! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. That’s why the first plant is usually found hurt while the neighbors stay well. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system so that we can use it to grow more crops. More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds; but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and chili plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can connect nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is connected underground by fungi (霉菌). It connects the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it can lead to bad effects. Plants can use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to talk with them ourselves. 30．What will plants do when they are being attacked by insects according to the passage? A．They will kill the insects by themselves. B．They will control the wasps to kill the insects. C．They will let their neighbors know what’s happening. D．They will produce chemicals to drive the insects away. 31．What do we know about the system of communication of plants in a forest? A．The plants in a forest are connected by the Internet we use. B．The “wood wide web” is built by joining the roots of the plants. C．Scientists hope to make a “firewall” to protect the system from being attacked by insects. D．The “wood wide web” can be both helpful and harmful to the connected plants. 32．What is the writer’s purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give people hope for further studies. B．To praise scientists for their great achievements. C．To call on people to do deeper research on nature. D．To encourage people to talk to plants. 33．Which of the following is NOT TRUE about plants according to the passage? A．Some trees make clicking sound when they need water. B．Scientists suggest that people should create a better environment for plants to grow well. C．Usually the same harm cannot be seen on a plant and its neighboring plants. D．All the plant communication methods mentioned in the passage can hardly be noticed by people. 34．How does the writer’s “surprise” about the plant communication develop? A． B． C． D． （七） （2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）When you think of the sea, you may not think of Xinjiang or Inner Mongolia. But recently, the “seafood” produced in these places has become popular, especially after Japan put nuclear- contaminated water (核污染水) into the sea, reported China Daily. In Nilka county in Xinjiang, about 6,000 tons of rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼) will be produced this year. Rainbow trout belongs to the same family as salmon, which is a kind of well-known seafood. It tastes like salmon too. Why do farmers there choose to grow fish? The weather in some parts of Xinjiang is seldom hot, and the rivers are fed by meltwater from the Tianshan Mountains. Water deeper than 6 meters always stays at 10℃. As the meltwater is very clean and cold, it’s a “comfortable” home for fish, Li Chunyu, a worker at a fish company in Xinjiang, told China Daily. To make sure the river stays clean, the company uses machines to clean fish waste in the water. They also use net cages (网箱) that are good for the environment. The nets are about 51 meters wide and lie 25 meters deep in the river. Meanwhile, in Inner Mongolia, whiteleg shrimps, another kind of seafood, grow well. In this area, saline soil (盐碱土) covers a large part of the desert where few plants are able to grow. Farmers used to put water from the Yellow River onto the farmland to wash away the salt. This was a waste of salty water. Scientists then decided to create “seawater” with the salty water by adding in some other components (成分). Whiteleg shrimps can live well in this kind of water. They taste no different from the same kind of shrimps that grow in the sea. 35．Rainbow trout comfortably live in ________. A．any open water area B．warm and clean rivers C．salty and warm ocean D．cold and clean rivers 36．The underlined words “fed by” in the passage can be replaced by ________. A．stopped by B．connected with C．polluted by D．provided with 37．To avoid water pollution caused by growing fish, the company ________. A．feeds the fish with machines B．grows fish in certain water areas C．grows one kind of fish once a year D．cuts down the fish production 38．Why are whiteleg shrimps introduced in the passage? A．To show the importance of rivers to a country. B．To introduce the safety of eating inland “seafood”. C．To compare it with common whiteleg shrimps. D．To show another “seafood” grown without using the sea. 39．What is the hidden message of the passage? A．Life will not be different without seafood. B．Xinjiang is rich in natural resources. C．China won’t be short of fishery products. D．Few plants can grow in the desert of Inner Mongolia. （八） （2024·山东泰安·中考真题）When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? 80% of people around the world see nothing but skyglow (天光，人为白昼现象). This man-made brightening of the sky masks the stars. The night sky has played an important role in human life for thousands of years. Ancient peoples named the constellations (星座). Around the same time, Polynesian sailors used the sun and stars to sail on the sea in the correct direction. Later, the Maya civilization (文明) used the position of the stars to predict the changing of the seasons. But today, few people are able to see sky full of stars. So what happened? Light pollution is the reason. When man-made light enters into the night sky, it hides the stars. This excess (过多的) light comes from streetlights, office buildings, stores, flashing billboards, etc. Of course, people in modern societies need to light the night. Nighttime driving, walking, working, exercising, and more are all safer with man-made outdoor lighting. However, too much light at night can be harmful. It masks the stars and disturbs our natural sleep patterns, causing greater risk of cancer and heart disease. Light pollution can be greatly reduced (减少) with a few simple actions. The first is to stop wasting light. Outdoor lights can be covered so that the light shines down to the ground only where it’s needed. People can be more careful about using lights only when and where they are necessary. Besides, people can choose light bulbs (灯泡) with the smallest effective amount of brightness. Most bright white lights, including LEDs, give off a large amount of shorter-wavelength (波长较短的) blue light, which brightens the sky more than any other color of light. Choosing light bulbs with longer-wavelength light in yellow or orange can help prevent harmful light pollution. 40．By studying the night sky full of stars, ancient peoples did a lot except ________. A．naming the constellations B．sailing on the sea in the correct direction C．predicting the changing of the seasons D．letting man-made light enter into the night sky 41．Today most people can’t see the night sky full of stars because of ________. A．the excess light caused by humans B．the reduction of stars C．the changes in the position of stars D．the influence of weather 42．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．How to save electricity in our daily lives. B．How to choose light bulbs correctly. C．Two ways of reducing light pollution. D．The advantages and disadvantages of man-made light. 43．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A．Too much light at night can do harm to people’s health. B．Man-made light hides the stars when it enters into the night sky. C．In ancient times, the night sky played an important role in human life. D．Choosing shorter-wavelength blue light can help prevent harmful light pollution. （九） （2024·广东广州·中考真题）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product. When you upcycle an object, you are probably doing something different. You can simply refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled object is usually in the same, or even better condition. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modem-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were no longer useful. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is green. It is also considered to be more environmentally friendly than recycling. Upcycling can just require your own ideas and work, but recycling requires energy (能源) or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. In fact, no matter you create objects from old things or buy ready-made products from upcycled things, both ways are helpful for the environment and can bring you something that’s both beautiful and useful. Get started today! 44．What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in paragraph 2? A．Break down useless things. B．Collect used things. C．Create things out of old ones. D．Come up with good ideas. 45．How is upcycling different from recycling? A．It’s a completely new idea. B．It needs more energy. C．It requires more time and work. D．It’s a greener way of life. 46．Why does the writer tell the story of Grace in paragraph 5? A．To list the steps of doing upcycling. B．To give a good example of upcycling. C．To express a different idea of upcycling. D．To provide basic knowledge of upcycling. 47．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To encourage people to do upcycling. B．To introduce the history of upcycling. C．To compare upcycling with recycling. D．To explain the importance of recycling （十） （2024·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）Owls (猫头鹰) are active mainly at night. They hunt (打猎) when it’s dark. Most of us humans go about our business in the daytime. So we hardly ever see owls during the day, but many of us like these night birds very much. Our love for owls has a long history, and it’s in all cultures. No matter how far you go back, there is always some type of art work or story that is about an owl. These days, we find pictures of owls almost everywhere. So what is it about owls that makes them so popular? Some bird researchers believe that owls are popular because of their “cool” looks. In order to see clearly in the dark, owls have large eyes. Unlike humans, owls cannot roll their eyes. Their heads have to do most of the turning-around work. It’s also for this reason that owls can turn their heads around almost entirely (完全地) on their necks. Besides, another reason for its popularity is its ability to hunt. Owls use sound to hunt. Their ears are special—the left ear is a bit higher than the right ear. A sound goes in one ear before it arrives in the other. This helps owls tell which direction a sound is coming from. So they have a good sense of hearing. Thanks to such unusual looks and abilities, owls are known as popular animals. Over the centuries, lots of stories about them have been created. These stories have made more people become interested in owls. 48．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why owls are active at night. B．How popular owls have been. C．Why owls hunt in the dark. D．How hard it is to see owls. 49．What is the meaning of the underlined part “roll their eyes” in Paragraph 3? A．Open their eyes. B．Clean their eyes. C．Close their eyes. D．Turn around their eyes. 50．Why do owls have a good sense of hearing? A．Because they have large ears. B．Because their ears can turn around. C．Because a sound can only go into their left ears. D．Because their left ears are higher than the right ears. 51．In which part of a magazine can you probably read the text? A．Natural world. B．Life and health. C．Language and culture. D．Science and technology. （十一） （2024·山东日照·中考真题）Sounds from human activities spread across the ocean, causing much trouble to ocean animals. However, according to a new study, climate change might influence how sound travels through the water. Human-caused climate change influences the ocean in many ways, such as changing its temperature, salt level, and acidity (酸度). For example, when the water becomes more acidic, it can’t take in certain sounds. So those sounds travel further, adding to the noise in some areas. However, this effect (影响) is not as big as other changes. Changes like temperature and salt level can affect how the ocean’s different layers (层) mix. That, in turn, affects how sound travels. Researchers used computers to model how those changes influence noise levels across the ocean. They compared the models of the world now to those of the world in about 70 years if climate change continues. In the North Atlantic, they saw an increase in sound levels in the upper 125 meters of the Ocean. This was caused mostly by ice melting (融化) from Greenland, forming a cold layer of water near the Ocean’s surface. When sound travels through water, it turns toward the coldest layer. This made sound waves get stuck in the cold top layer and spread further out across the water instead of traveling deeper. As a result, the sound became louder at this depth in the North Atlantic. The rising noise levels in the Atlantic Ocean are worrying as they could disturb animals’ communication, hunting and travelling. Sharks already avoid loud ships, but with noise levels increasing everywhere, what will happen? 52．What has a bigger effect on ocean noise? A．Sea level. B．Wind speed. C．Water temperature. D．Ocean acidity. 53．How did researchers carry out the study? A．By modeling changes in ocean noise levels. B．By finding areas with increasing ocean noise. C．By doing field research in the North Atlantic. D．By comparing today’s ice size to that of the future. 54．What do we know about the sound traveling through water? A．It can be easily blocked by ice. B．It can get stuck by the seaside. C．It goes towards the colder areas. D．It travels faster in the deep ocean. 55．What is the main idea of the text? A．Ice melting brings changes to water level. B．Some ocean animals keep away from ships. C．The more the ocean is acidic, the more sounds it takes in. D．Climate change may influence the way sounds travel in the ocean. （十二） （2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A bird’s feather coat is made up of many different kinds of feathers. Each has a different function (功能). ●Head Feathers Head feathers come in all sizes. Tiny ones grow in overlapping (交叠的) rows to make a silky covering for a bird’s head. ●Primary Flight Feathers The outer wing feathers are long and strong. They are usually wider on one side. Their job is to push air as birds fly. ●Secondary Flight Feathers A row of smaller feathers grows on the bottom of the wing closer to the body. These also push air, so birds can fly. ●Tail Feathers Tail feathers help birds fly forward and stop during their flight. ●Down Feathers Down feathers grow under the other feathers. They are light and soft. Their job is to keep birds warm. ◆FlightFeathers push down on the air, so birds can fly. Feathers can move, so birds can change the shape of their wings. And feathers are light, so they don’t add too much weight. ◆Social Media Birds’ feathers tell the world who they are. Eye-catching feathers are good for attracting mates. ◆Protection Feathers of different colours and shapes act like camouflage (保护色), hiding birds from enemies. And often when an enemy tries to catch a bird, all it gets is a mouthful of tail feathers. ◆Keeping warm and cool Down feathers stop heat from getting in or out. This helps the bird stay just the right temperature. Feathers are so good at catching heat that penguins can stay warm even when standing on the ice sheet at 40 below zero. 56．Which part of a bird is introduced in the passage? A． B． C． D． 57．Which of the following feathers do birds mainly depend on to fly? ①Head Feathers    ②Primary Flight Feathers    ③Secondary Flight Feathers    ④Tail Feathers    ⑤Down Feathers A．②③④ B．①②④ C．③④⑤ D．①④⑤ 58．What can feathers help birds do according to the passage? A．Birds can change the shape of wings because feathers come in all sizes. B．Some feathers can help birds hide themselves because they are very light. C．Birds like penguins can keep warm because down feathers are quite silky. D．Some feathers can be birds’ social media because they can help attract mates. （十三） （2024·江苏盐城·中考真题） How can we stop climate change? How can we stop air pollution? How can we live on a green planet? One way is to use clean energy. Clean energy does not harm the Earth. It never runs out. Energy from the Sun is clean. We just need to learn how to get and store more of it. Plants use energy from the Sun. They use it to turn water and air into sugar. The sugar can be used as food. Scientists know a lot about how plants make food. Some scientists want to get energy from the Sun like plants do. They want to make a machine that can use sunlight to make fuel (燃料) from water. Water is made up of two different parts. Breaking water into its parts is hard. Plants do it all the time, though. It is part of how they make food. With energy from the Sun, the new machine will break water into its parts. One of the parts will be used as fuel. Then the fuel is used to make electricity (电). The electricity can power cars, houses, and so on. This fuel is better for the Earth than gasoline (汽油). It does not pollute the air. Plants can help us learn how to make clean energy! 59．How does the writer start this article? A．By telling stories. B．By asking questions. C．By comparing facts. D．By giving examples. 60．What will the new machine do? A．Break water into its parts. B．Make some food from plants. C．Turn water and air into sugar. D．Produce sugar as new energy. 61．In which part of a magazine can we read the article? A．Health. B．Society. C．Science. D．History. （十四） （2024·山东济宁·中考真题） Sometimes when the rain falls hard and fast on you, it might hurt a little. But what happens when it hits a mosquito (蚊子)? In 2012, David Hu, a scientist at Georgia Tech, became interested in this problem and decided to do a research. He used a high-speed camera so that he could watch the mosquitoes in very slow motion and find out what they’re doing when they’re out in the rain. What he found is that when a raindrop falls on a mosquito, it’s like when a bus hits a person. Besides, the little insect (昆虫) is hit by a raindrop about once every 20 seconds. So why don’t we see many dead mosquitoes after it rains? A mosquito is as big as a raindrop, but it is much lighter —0.002g only. This saves its life in raindrop hits. Because the mosquito is so light, when it is hit by a raindrop, it won’t experience a force that is strong enough to kill it. The study also found that when a mosquito is hit by a raindrop, the insect is pushed by the raindrop and falls together with it. But the mosquito doesn’t get wet easily because it is covered with hairs which keep off water. After dropping about 6 cm, it will roll off the raindrop and fly away. However, this trick isn’t always successful. If the mosquito flies too low when it is hit by the raindrop, it won’t have time to fly off. Then it will hit the ground and meet its death. 62．What does the underlined word “motion” mean? A．Time. B．Movie. C．Step. D．Movement. 63．What protect mosquitoes in the rain? A．Their mouths and their noses. B．Their eyes and their ears. C．Their legs and their wings. D．Their body weight and their hairs. 64．When is it dangerous for a mosquito in the rain? A．When it flies too close to the ground. B．When the rain falls too hard and too fast. C．When it is hit by raindrops too many times. D．When it drops for more than 6 cm in the rain. 65．Which of the following is a proper title for the passage? A．How Raindrops Hurt Mosquitoes B．When Mosquitoes Are in Danger C．Why Mosquitoes Aren’t Hurt in Rain D．When Mosquitoes Meet Their Death （十五） （2024·北京·中考真题）Sam Hill is really bad at finding his way from place to place. The world is full of people like Hill—and their opposites, who always seem to know exactly where they are and how to get where they want to go. It has proved hard to explain why. However, with the development of technology, there’s new excitement happening in the research world. An experiment was carried out in 2022 to find out what might influence way finding ability. Researchers developed an online game in which players travel by boat to find where a lot of checkpoints lie. The game asked players to provide basic background information , and nearly four million people worldwide did so. Through the game, the researchers were able to judge navigational (辨识方向的) ability by looking at how far each person traveled to reach all the checkpoints. Then they compared players’ performance with their background information. The researchers found that Northern Europeans seemed to be better navigations, perhaps because they love orienteering (定向越野), a sport which involves cross- country running and navigation. And those from cities with more disorganized street networks (网状系统) did better than those from cities with orderly ones. Perhaps people of planned cities don’t need to build complex (复杂的) maps in their minds. Research results like these suggest that people’s life experience decides how well they find their way. In fact, experience may even explain a popular belief that men are more likely to perform better than women. It turns out that this difference is more a question of culture and experience than of in born ability. Northern Europeans, for example, show almost no gender (性别) difference in navigation. However, men do much better than women in places where women face cultural limits on exploring their environment on their own. That finding is also supported by studies on the Tsimane, a community living in a forest in South America. Researchers put GPS units on 305 Tsimane people to check their daily movements over a three-day period, and found no difference between men and women in navigational ability. Even children performed very well—a result, researchers think, of growing up in an environment that encourages children to explore the forest. 66．Why was an experiment carried out in 2022? A．To develop an online way finding game. B．To improve the players’ way finding ability. C．To pick out people who are weak in way finding. D．To find out why people are different in way finding ability. 67．According to the passage, who is probably the best at finding their way? A．A woman who often explores nature. B．A girl who studies South American culture. C．A man who runs on a sports ground every morning. D．A boy who lives in a city with an orderly street network. 68．What can we learn from the passage? A．Good navigators are mostly made, not born. B．Navigation skills differ between the genders. C．Navigation skills are passed down, never lost. D．Good navigators bring developments in technology. （十六） （2024·四川内江·中考真题）International Women’s Day is on March 8 every year. On this day, people celebrate the achievements of women all over the world and continue to fight for basic rights (权利) for women. How did it start? In 1908, women in New York City wanted the right to vote. They also hoped to acquire shorter working hours and better pay. Then, in 1910 in Denmark, a woman called Clara Zetkin had the idea for an international day for women. The first International Women’s Day happened the next year. Why do we need a special day for women? In many countries, men get higher pay than women for doing the same job. Men get a better education and better health care, and do less work at home. Men also get better chances than women to get their jobs. We need a change for women so that women can have the same chances as men. How is International Women’s Day celebrated? People usually celebrate by remembering important women in history, like Emmeline Pankhurst, Rosa Parks, Marie Curie...It’s a very long list! They made great achievements in their fields. People also have special events to celebrate it. In some countries, boys and men celebrate this day, too! If you want to celebrate this important day, you could: 1. learn about an important girl or woman in your country (for example, in sports, science or history) and tell your classmates about her； 2. ask your teacher if you can do a class project about this day. 69．What does the underlined word “acquire” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Get. B．Refuse. C．Choose. D．Celebrate. 70．When did the first International Women’s Day happen? A．In 1908. B．In 1910. C．In 1911. D．In 1912. 71．What do we know about Marie Curie? A．She made great success in some fields. B．She made the same money as men. C．She started International Women’s Day. D．She fought for basic rights for women. 72．Who is this text probably written for? A．Nurses. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Students. （十七） （2024·新疆·中考真题）Laughter is a universal (全世界的) language for humans. It can help people to get on well with others. As children, we laugh when our parents make faces. Then we start to make others laugh like this. That’s how we learn to play jokes. But is playing jokes only humans’ ability? Scientists have found that some animals also have the ability. Sometimes we see dogs play jokes on each other. They come near slowly and then quickly run away. They may just want to have fun. It is also said that they could deal with their stress this way. Scientists say they have watched young apes (猿) play jokes. The young apes quietly follow adult apes and touch them secretly to surprise them. Then they playfully (调皮地) wait and watch what the adults would do. This action is similar to what human children do. Next time, when you find your pets doing something strange around you, maybe they are playing jokes with you. 73．As a universal language, laughter can help to________ in the passage. A．surprise others B．follow adults quietly C．come near slowly D．get on well with others 74．How many kinds of animals are mentioned in the passage? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 75．What do the young apes do after they touch the adults secretly? A．They playfully wait and watch. B．They run away quickly. C．They laugh loudly. D．They make faces. 76．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．We laugh when our parents make faces. B．Some animals can play jokes. C．Dogs play jokes to deal with their stress. D．Young apes like playing jokes with adults. （十八） （2024·湖南·中考真题）Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume (音量) is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise. Do you know how we hear? There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves. Loud noises can damage (损伤) these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears, also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears. How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume. 77．What can we know about hair cells? A．They help us hear. B．They look like hairs lying down. C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes. 78．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A musical voice. B．A kind of instrument. C．Ringing in ears. 79．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give advice. B．To show problems. C．To explain reasons. 80．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone. B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low. C．After using a headphone, check your ears. （十九） （2024·湖南·中考真题）Would you be able to sleep with one eye open? Bottlenose dolphins (宽吻海豚) can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping. Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals (哺乳动物). These mammals have lungs (肺). And they don’t have gills (腮) like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers. Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there. Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror (镜子) and check different parts of their body in it. 81．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open? A．To stay safe. B．To sleep for two hours. C．To swim faster. 82．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2? A．They use gills to get air. B．They are warm-blooded. C．They lay eggs like fish. 83．How do dolphins talk to each other? A．By learning fishing skills. B．By using different sounds. C．By checking their bodies. 84．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from? A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature. （二十） （2024·山东东营·中考真题） We’ve all seen pictures of camels carrying heavy loads (负载物) across the sandy desert. They walk without stopping for food or water for several days. Have you ever wondered how they do it? For your answer, take a look at the bag round hump which is on a camel’s back. Camels are the only animals with humps. And it’s the hump that gives camels the amazing ability to go for long periods of time without food or water. The hump is like a spare cupboard (备用食物柜) where the camel stores (储存) food and water for days when there is nothing to eat or drink. When life is good, and there is plenty to eat and drink, a camel’s hump can grow to as big as 40 kilograms. The food is changed into fat (脂防) and stored in the camel’s bump. When there is nothing to eat or drink, camels begin to use the stored fat in their humps. That’s why they can continue to live for weeks without food and up to 10 days without water. Camels are like sponges. They can take in more than 130 litres of water in one short drink. In only a few minutes, all of this water goes directly to the camel’s blood cells (组胞). Camels save water too. They never know when they’ll find the next watering hole. As they breathe out, their noses close quickly. The water in the breath stays in their bodies. After a long trek across the desert carrying 100 kilograms or more, a camel can lose up to 150 kilograms of weight. The camel’s hump will become very small. As soon as this camel gets to an oasis (绿洲), it will take in hundreds of litres of water. In a day, it will get back most of its weight. Nature really has given camels the perfect system for living the hard desert life. 85．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The shape of the hump. B．The habit of the camel. C．The function (功能) of the hump. D．The ability of the camel 86．Which is TRUE about the hump? A．The hump stores different kinds of food. B．The hump always stays the same size. C．The hump can store more than 130 litres water. D．The weight of the hump depends on eating conditions. 87．What does the underlined word “sponges” mean? A．海绵 B．弹簧 C．水桶 D．吸管 88．Why docs the writer use some numbers in this passage? A．To explain the facts more clearly. B．To express the ideas more politely. C．To make the article more educational. D．To make the language more beautiful. 89．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Camels have some amazing abilities. B．Camels are good helpers for desert people. C．Camels have a great quality of never wasting water. D．Camels have a perfect system for living in the desert. （二十一） （2024·广东·中考真题）People know animals do have feelings, but they are not sure if these feelings are correctly understood. In recent years, scientists have done research about the feelings of cows, frogs and pandas. ▲ It says that humans can tell whether a chicken is happy or sad by listening to its calls. The researchers put a bowl behind a door. Inside the bowl, sometimes, there was something chickens love to eat, such as rice or insects. Sometimes, there was nothing. When the chickens saw food behind the door, they seemed happy and produced fast and loud sounds, known as food calls. When there wasn’t food, the chickens made low and long noises to express disappointment. The researchers recorded all these sounds and studied their waves. Then the researchers chose 16 recordings of such chicken noises. Half were from the chickens seeing the food and half were from the chickens finding no food. The recordings were played to 194 volunteers. Sixty-nine percent of the volunteers correctly understood whether the chickens were feeling happy or not, and some of them even had no experience of taking care of chickens. The result shows that humans have the natural ability to understand the feelings of chickens. Hopefully, this finding can bring about new technology to help with chicken-raising, a big industry in many countries. Some scientists are already working on a smart computer program that can identify chickens’ feelings. This is good news for farmers who want to make the birds happier and healthier. 90．Which of the following can be put in “________” in Paragraph 1? A．Humans may not like animals. B．Scientists know nothing about it. C．Nobody knows why this happens. D．A new study adds chickens to the list. 91．Which is most probably the sound wave of a happy call by a chicken? A． B． C． D． 92．How did the volunteers help with the research? A．By listening to the chicken calls. B．By taking care of the chickens. C．By finding food for the chickens. D．By making the chickens happy. 93．What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Control. B．Hide. C．Recognize. D．Hurt. 94．What is the best title for the passage? A．Chickens’ Food Calls B．Happy Chickens, Sad Chickens C．Farmers’ Best Choice D．Smart Farmers, Healthy Farmers （二十二） （2024·天津·中考真题）Salt has always been important to people. In the past, it was as valuable as gold. Over the years, people discovered different ways to get salt. Some early people got salt from rocks. In other places, people got salt from the sea. They took sea water and put it in the sun. After a long time, the water dried up (耗尽). Then people could get salt. Today, people still get salt from the sea. But most salt comes from salt mines (矿) and salt wells (井). How do people get salt from salt mines? They dig deep into the ground for it. To get salt from salt wells, people put two pipes (管子) into the ground. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. And the water is mixed with the salt in salt wells. It makes salt water. Then the salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. Later, the salt is taken out of the salt water. People once worked hard to find and make salt. Now, people can buy it at any food store. 95．Some early people got salt from ________. A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks 96．Why did people put sea water in the sun? A．To get salt. B．To catch fish. C．To wash clothes. D．To water crops. 97．How do people get salt from salt mines? A．By mixing sand with gold. B．By digging deep into the ground. C．By putting oil on rocks. D．By throwing stones into the sea. 98．What is the right order of getting salt from salt wells? a. The salt is taken out of the salt water. b. Water is sent down through one of the pipes. c. The salt water is pushed up through the other pipe. A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c 99．The passage is mainly about ________. A．who discovered salt B．when we made salt C．where salt comes from D．how much salt we need （二十三） （2024·河南·中考真题）An old saying used for forecasting (预测) the weather says, “Red sky at night, sailors’ delight. Red sky in the morning, sailors (水手) take warning.” Is the saying true? It turns out that it is. A red sky at sunset may mean that there are clear skies to the west, where the sun sets. A red sky at sunrise usually means that the clear weather has already passed, so storms might be coming. Forecasting the weather has been practiced for thousands of years. In the 5th century BC, the Greeks sent out forecasts to sailors. They used signs in nature to forecast the weather. But today, meteorologists send exact forecasts further in advance (提前). They use scientific instruments to study weather conditions around the world and make forecasts. Pilots, farmers and many other people depend on these forecasts. Luckily, most of us can simply look on the smart phone or turn on the TV to find out what kind of weather is coming. If you are looking for some signs of the weather, pay attention to nature. There are two basic rules used in weather forecasting: Weather generally moves from west to east, and low air pressure (压力) usually means rain or snow. So pay attention to the signs. If rainbows form in the west at sunrise, the sun is on the way. Smell the flowers—their smells are stronger in wet air. What are the ants doing? Are they moving to higher ground? This could mean a drop in air pressure. Are the birds flying low or high? Falling air pressure may influence birds’ ears, so they fly low. And if the sky is red at sunset, you might plan a picnic for the next day! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 100．What is the old saying about? A．The beauty of sunrise. B．The night sky. C．The signs of the weather. D．The sailors’ work. 101．What does the underlined word “meteorologists” mean? A．The persons who give daily weather reports on TV. B．The persons who carry out research on natural history. C．The persons who take an interest in plants and animals. D．The persons who do scientific studies of weather conditions. 102．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 2? A．By listing the reasons for terrible weather. B．By telling a true story about weather forecasting. C．By introducing different ways of forecasting the weather. D．By mentioning the difficulties in forecasting the weather. 103．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．It’ll be sunny if ants move to higher places. B．The smells of flowers are stronger in wet air. C．Birds fly higher because of the low air pressure. D．It’ll rain if rainbows form in the west at sunrise. 104．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To encourage people to get close to nature. B．To express the need for weather forecasting. C．To explain nature can tell us about the weather. D．To discuss how important weather forecasting is. （二十四） （2024·福建·中考真题） It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA,中国野生动物保护协会) will send giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of a new 10-year period of international conservation partnership. The CWCA has organized experienced caretakers and doctors to go with the pandas to the US. The zoo is getting ready to provide the pandas with a larger and more comfortable living environment. It has also formed a team with special skills related with panda care, daily nursing, and scientific research. The cooperation (合作) between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo. Giant pandas Hua Mei, born in 1999, and Mei Sheng, born in 2003, who used to live there, are the result of China-US giant panda research cooperation. Over the past twenty years, the two sides have cooperated and solved many technical problems, including important discoveries in key areas like panda raising. Since the 1990s, China has cooperated on giant panda conservation with 20 countries. “International cooperation in fields such as disease prevention and control, treatment, and wild training and reintroduction to the wild, has achieved good results. Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the world know China better,” said Li, the leader of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda. “Scientific and educational outreach (延伸服务) also serves as a key role in international giant panda exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in protecting wild giant pandas,” Li said. 105．China’s sending Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo means ________. A．a good living condition for pandas B．a new age of conservation cooperation C．a great achievement in scientific research D．a long-term plan for training panda caretakers 106．How long have the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo cooperated? A．21 years. B．25 years. C．28 years. D．34 years. 107．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The history of the cooperation. B．The raising of the giant pandas. C．The lives of the pandas in the US. D．The process of solving the problems. 108．What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Expect. B．Create. C．Improve. D．Receive. 109．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Scientific research is well on its way. B．The outreach plays an important part. C．The cooperation requires international support. D．Education about wildlife protection is a big success. （二十五） （2024·四川眉山·中考真题） What subject do you worry about the most at school? Many students worry about math. Some students can’t sleep well the day before a math exam. Others may feel very nervous during the exam itself. But there might be a way to make the subject less stressful. “For students who are worried about math, posture (姿势) makes a big difference,” Erik Peper, a researcher from a university told Daily Mail. That’s right—sitting up straight can help you do better in math exams. Researchers tested 125 college students. They asked them to do a math exam while sitting in a slumped-over (趴倒的) position, or sitting up straight. After the test, 56% of the students said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight. Slumping over is a defensive (防备的) posture. It can bring out negative (消极的) memories in the body and brain. This can stop you from thinking clearly, Peper said. Students who were not nervous about taking the math exam didn’t necessarily benefit (受益) from better posture. But they did find that doing math in a slumped-over position was more difficult, Science Daily reported. Good posture isn’t just helpful for taking math exams. Musicians, sports players and public speakers can all benefit from it. When you feel stressed out, you can also try to sit up straight or stand tall. It can help you feel more positive (积极的) and focus better. 110．According to the passage, how do many students feel when they face math? A．Calm. B．Sleepy. C．Stressed. D．Relaxed. 111．How many students found it easier to do the math exam when sitting up straight? A．125. B．70. C．60. D．56. 112．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A．Good posture. B．Taking math exams. C．Defensive posture. D．Science Daily. 113．What is the passage mainly about? A．The benefits of positive posture. B．A good way to relax in an exam. C．The benefits of a slumped-over position. D．A good way to have math tests. （二十六） （2024·云南·中考真题）All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment. When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗池) and toilets (马桶) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U.S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple. More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place! 114．What do we know about a green building? A．It is usually painted green outside. B．It uses more materials than other buildings. C．It is designed by famous architects. D．It is built in an environment-friendly way. 115．Why do architects design buildings to use natural light? A．To save energy. B．To save materials. C．To protect the plants. D．To protect the buildings. 116．What does the underlined word “conserve” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Save. B．Boil. C．Clean. D．Produce. 117．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By explaining reasons. 118．What can be the best title for the text? A．Designing Buildings B．Going Green C．Recycling Materials D．Using Energy （二十七） （2024·浙江·中考真题）Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table? A new study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy. Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (饮食) of processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either. The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of food leads to more variety (多样性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food. A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study. 4,500 of them were under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what food they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss. However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life. Dr. Anna Hielm Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as providing a complete diet. But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12 years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different?” 119．According to the new study, dog owners ________. A．must offer dry food to their dogs B．can feed dogs on “people food” C．had better buy more processed food D．shouldn’t make food by themselves 120．Paragraph 3 mainly explains why ________. A．dogs need different kinds of food B．little living things stay in human bodies C．scientists study dry processed food D．people should keep dogs at home 121．How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable? A．By using pictures. B．By giving examples. C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers. 122．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A．History. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture. （二十八） （2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）Just one bite of cake with eggs is enough to make John feel very sick. Susan gets a terrible skin (皮肤) problem whenever she eats anything containing seafood, and David nearly died when he first ate a peanut cookie The body’s reaction (反应) to certain foods can be quite serious resulting in breathing problems or even the death. There are many things we eat that may cause our bodies to react badly if we have a food allergy (过敏). There are three common ways to test food allergies. Probably the simplest way is to give a child a food test. The doctor watches the child eat a little certain food to see if the child has an allergic reaction. This method takes quite a long time so it is used less often than the other two methods—skin tests and blood tests. In a skin test, a doctor puts allergens under the child’s skin and then waits to see if the child’s skin reacts. In a blood test, doctors take some of the child’s blood and add allergens to it and then check the blood. Dr. Jennifer from Stanford University spent 10 years studying the methods. She found a surprising fact. Skin tests or blood tests given to patients who visited their doctor for treatment of skin problems or stomachaches showed that these patients were allergic to certain foods. However, later tests showed that although they tested positive (阳性), fewer than 50 percent of them actually had food allergies. The problem might be food intolerance (不耐受) instead of a food allergy. Food allergies have something to do with a person’s immune system, while food intolerance has something to do with a person’s digestive system and the reaction is usually less serious. One of the most common kinds of food intolerance happens to people who have trouble taking in the sugar in food like milk, cheese and ice cream. Though allergy tests may show false positive results, they are still useful and can save lives. Some children’s food allergies may disappear as they grow older, so even though doctors don’t cure food allergies, sometimes the body itself does. 123．The underlined word “allergens” refers to (指的是) ________. A．something that hurts people’s skin B．something that protects people’s skin C．something that prevents an allergic reaction D．something that causes an allergic reaction 124．What can we learn from Dr. Jennifer’s study? A．Patients who tested positive may have food intolerance. B．Skin tests are much better than blood tests. C．Stomachaches are usually caused by food allergies. D．People with food intolerance should avoid food with sugar. 125．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Food allergy—Can we cure it? B．Food allergy—How to test it. C．Food allergy tests—Can we trust them? D．Food allergy tests—How to improve them. （二十九） （2024·江苏常州·中考真题）①China published the world’s first highly clear lunar geologic (地质的) atlas (地图集) on April 21. According to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), it will provide up-to-date information for future lunar research and exploration. ②“These maps will help choose locations for future lunar research stations,” Ouyang Ziyuan, a well-known lunar scientist, said. “They can also help us better know about the Earth and other planets in the solar system, like Mars.” ③The world has seen great progress in the field of lunar science over the past half a century. However, the lunar geologic atlas that was developed during the Apollo Program remained unchanged. “As lunar geologic studies develop, those old maps can no longer satisfy future needs,” said Liu Jianzhong, a CAS researcher. ④Since 2012, Ouyang and Liu have led a team of scientists from several research centers in compiling (编制) this atlas. Their work was mainly built on information gained from China’s Chang’e Program. Information from other research projects and international tasks was also used. ⑤The new geologic atlas, which is published in both Chinese and English, presents a scale (比例尺) of 1: 2.5 million. Compared with the 1:5 million scale lunar maps from the US in 2020, these larger scale maps show more details. As well as the geologic history of the moon, they provide information on its 14 types of structures (结构) and 17 types of rocks. A total of 12,341 impact craters (撞击坑) and 81 impact basins have also been marked. ⑥This atlas is set to serve many useful purposes, such as lunar resources research and science education. Liu said the upcoming Chang’e-6 task would also use the atlas. “Our maps can help the research by providing scientific support,” he explained. ⑦“Compiling the atlas was a huge task, which included years of effort from a large number of researchers,” said Gregory Michael, a German scientist. “It will be a starting point for every new question of lunar geology.” 126．What is the great value of the new atlas? A．It is the first lunar geologic atlas in the world. B．It proves the hard work of Chinese scientists. C．It will meet the future needs in lunar studies. D．It is built on information from many researches. 127．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The large size and mystery of the moon. B．The discovery of Chang’e Program. C．The details of the new geologic atlas. D．The challenges the scientists face. 128．How does the writer prove “This atlas is set to serve many useful purposes”? A．By comparing different purposes. B．By using Chang’e-6 task as an example. C．By using a German scientist’s words. D．By listing information from the new maps. 129．What does “It” in the last paragraph refer to(指代)? A．Scientific support. B．The lunar research. C．Effort from researchers. D．Compiling the atlas. （三十） （2024·江苏无锡·中考真题） A theory of emotionTwo scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation. The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind. The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”. The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger. 130．What is the main finding of the new study? A．A new method of venting anger. B．A new method of reducing anger. C．Good activities to vent anger. D．Good activities to reduce anger. 131．What can we learn about calming activities? A．They can reduce feelings of anger. B．They can increase the heart rate. C．They are good for mind health. D．They are good for heart health. 132．According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid? A．You get the feeling of fear. B．You get the feeling of calm. C．Your heart beats fast. D．Your heart beats slowly. 133．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________. They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 （三十一） （2024·福建·中考真题）Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them. Only about 20 percent of the seafloor has been mapped, and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us. Some scientists even think that 91 percent of sea animals have yet to be discovered. So why do we know so little about the deep sea? Well, getting to those depths is very difficult and requires high technology that simply didn’t come into being for most of human history. The first navigable submarine (可驾驶的潜水艇), for example, was built in 1620, and it couldn’t go more than five meters below the surface. In fact, for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and didn’t see much need to explore (探索) the deep sea. However, this changed in 1862 when life was discovered as far down as 945 meters below sea level with the help of a digging machine. Ten years later, around 4, 700 species (物种) unknown before from the ocean floor were discovered. Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult? Well, at greater depths it is freezing (极冷的), everything is completely dark, and the pressure can be over 1, 000 times greater than that on the surface. Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas. They help control the earth’s temperature and produce half of the oxygen (O2) in the air. They can also provide us with information about climate change. Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing below the surface. 134．Why are some numbers listed in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce how important oceans are. B．To discuss why sea animals have yet to be found out. C．To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth. D．To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans. 135．What caused the change of exploration into the deep sea? A．High technology. B．Unknown species. C．A pleasant environment. D．Valuable information. 136．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Sea animals. B．The seas. C．The satellites. D．Many scientists. 137．What can we learn from the text? A．It is difficult to build a navigable submarine. B．The seas have a strong influence on our future. C．The seas have no lives at a depth of 550 meters. D．It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think. 138．What could be the best title of the text? A．Hidden Treasures in Deep Sea B．Unlocked Secrets of Deep Sea C．Deep-Sea Exploration: Into the Freezing Depths D．Deep-Sea Exploration: The Past and the Future 试卷第20页，共47页 试卷第19页，共47页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$