精品解析：广东省深圳市龙岗区龙城高级中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题

2024学年第一学期高二年级期中考试英语学科试卷 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school. PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in. PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems. You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback. Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022. Waiting lists If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held. When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future. Deregistering If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance. You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu.. 1. In PASS, students ________. A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems 2. What can students do if a session is full? A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list. C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list. 3. Students will be deregistered if ________. A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row B My grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. She was sitting in the living room with other residents, half of them asleep. The room was clean and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television and the only other sounds were snoring (打呼噜). Grandma talked a lot about how much she missed her grandson but I hated going to visit her there and, to be honest, I couldn’t wait to get away myself. So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary—combining an old people’s home with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities such as painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on. Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, but the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people having no contact with children, and more old people who feel lonely and useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. It’s a major problem in many societies. That’s why intergenerational programmes, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful initiatives. Young people teaching IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Old people working as volunteer assistants in schools is another, perhaps reading with children who need extra attention. The advantages are enormous. The children are happy because they get more individual attention. They also see illness and death and learn to accept them. The residents are happy because they feel useful and more interested in life. There will be less conflict in a community if older people can understand the youth, and vice versa. Now we need to rediscover what “community” really means. Then perhaps getting old won’t be such a depressing prospect after all. 4. Why did the author hate going to the old people’s home? A. The old people’s home was lifeless. B. He didn’t love his grandmother that much. C. He didn’t want to disturb the sleeping people. D. The staff were so helpful that he wasn’t needed. 5. Why does the author mention the newspaper story in paragraph 2? A. To present a possible solution. B. To share his reading experience. C To introduce the topic for discussion. D. To add some background information. 6 What problem are many societies facing? A. Generation gap. B. Care for the eldly. C. Support for children. D. Intergenerational contact. 7. What’s an advantage of bringing the old and the young together? A Children feel meaningful in life. B. The old will feel fulfilling in life. C. Children learn more modern skills. D. The old can better understand aging. C In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it. These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument. 8. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument? A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain. 9. Why do many people try to avoid arguments? A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win. C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves. 10. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat. 11. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author? A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence. C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides. D A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong. The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values. The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern. To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation. “We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts. 12. Which will not follow a seasonal trend? A. Purity of tradition. B. Loyalty to one’s party. C. Fairness among people. D. Respect for authority. 13. Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn? A. Changes in temperature. B. Increased holiday expenses. C. Reduction in vegetable varieties D. New challenges from school and work. 14. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Moral values are steady. B. Moral principles are changeable. C. Moral influences may be ignored. D. Moral changes can affect plan making. 15. What is the passage mainly about? A. Our morals change with the seasons. B. Anxiety rises when we feel threatened. C. Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D. Individualizing values and binding values differ. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余。 Were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate in school life? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. ___16___Fortunately, understanding how to deal with it, and knowing what is distracting(使分心) you, can help. Scientists have looked at what makes us distracted and found a number of ways to help us grown-ups stay in the zone. ___17___Research by Science Focus magazine found it helpful to seat yourself at a quiet coffee bar working on your laptop. It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removed a major distraction and helped us focus on the task at hand. ___18___ Psychologists are increasingly interested in our ability to get wholly absorbed in our work and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. According to their findings, making a task more visually demanding works a lot. Our brain may get the signal that the task takes up more processing power and leaves it nothing left to process distractions. There are more practical tips to keep you focused. Make a reasonable list or timetable of the tasks you have to do. Find a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things. ___19___It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted. As adults, we are trying so hard to avoid being distracted. However, distraction isn’t all bad. If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. ___20___ A. Or chew some gum! B. The tougher a task is, the better. C. In this sense, distraction is vital for survival. D. Another possible way is to keep your mind busy. E. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life. F. One of the most efficient solutions is to get rid of noise. G. Students may always find themselves distracted from the lessons. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was born in the Netherlands and lived there until I was 30 years old. In the Dutch context, I was emotionally intelligent, and I ____21____ expect that this could be any different. When at the University of Michigan, I joined a discussion on ____22____. I introduced myself in an understated (Dutch) way as “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor, to fit American ____23____ , added that I was one of the world’s experts on culture and emotion. In response, I looked down in ____24____ and said in a low voice that “expert” was a big word. I lived in North Carolina and had new friends coming over for dinner. Conversations were lively that evening. When my guests left, they ____25____ me for dinner. My heart sank, because in the Netherlands, “thanking for dinner” means the relationship is ____26____ . The Netherlands and the US do not have massively different ____27____ . But emotional interactions between individuals from these different cultures are not ____28____ . The professor meant to make me feel good, but instead made me ____29____ . My friends meant to show gratitude, but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead. Where did it go wrong in these interactions? I now think the answer is that we were interacting with different ______30______ in mind. In the US, it is important that people feel good about themselves: other people help you ______31______ and have self-esteem. You are an expert, and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner. ______32______ , in the Netherlands, it is important to make true. ______33______ with other people, and not to pretend you are better than anybody else. The daily dances of emotions are ______34______ : Americans dance to the music of making each other special, while Dutch dance to the music of true connection. And when you ______35______ them up, people start stepping on each other’s toes. 21. A. never B. rarely C. usually D. sometimes 22. A. manners B. emotions C. literature D. intelligence 23. A. policies B. procedures C. standards D. requirements 24. A. anger B. delight C. disappointment D. embarrassment 25. A. asked B. thanked C. praised D. blamed 26. A. distant B. insincere C. harmonious D. meaningful 27 A. origins B. cultures C. environment D. languages 28. A. complicated B. fluent C. interesting D. regular 29. A. annoyed B. anxious C. humble D. uncomfortable 30. A. methods B. purposes C. feelings D. expectations 31. A. stand out B. show off C. calm down D. cheer up 32. A. For instance B. Above all C. After all D. By contrast 33. A. promises B. contributions C. connections D. comparisons 34. A. different B. personal C. important D. widespread 35. A. build B. take C. pick D. mix 第二节(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 36. Many people tend to assume that ________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things. A. imitation B. imagination C. innovation D. inspiration 37. Online learning platforms often lack the face-to-face ________ that traditional classrooms provide. A. rejection B. cooperation C. amusement D. interaction 38. The employees felt very ________ when the company announced a bonus for their hard work throughout the year. A. complicated B. appreciative C. intense D. embarrassed 39. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________, it is vital that we strive for the equality. A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Despite D. Additionally 40. It’s true that she made a mistake but she hardly________ to lose her job. A. requires B. deserves C. persevere D. guarantee 41. You will run into ________ if you spend more than your income. A. spot B. fame C. debt D. outline 42. —Why did you say that the other day? —It was just a casual ________. I didn’t mean anything by it. A. remark B. contest C. concept D. intention 43. It took her a lot of ________ to walk up to the podium and deliver the presentation in front of hundreds of people. A. nerve B. pace C. revelation D. relish 44. My family’s kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life ______ living. It is also great to see something ______ of note during my walk through the woods. A. worthy; worthy B. worth; worthy C. worth; worthwhile D. worthwhile; worth 45. She was ________ to receive the bouquet of flowers, which were simply ________ with their vibrant colors and sweet fragrance. A. delighted; delighted B. delightful; delightful C. delighted; delightful D. delightful; delighted 46. Under intense pressure, the old bridge finally ________, causing a huge traffic jam. A. gave way B. went wild C. paid off D. stood still 47. Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game, our coach got us to ________ and ready to give our best shot in the second half. A. hold up B. cheer up C. descend upon D. probe into 48. When the interviewer asked me about my future plans, I was ________ because I had no idea at all. A. told off B. brought into focus C. put on the spot D. let down 49. Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) , and he said lemons would ________. A. come to life B. burst onto C. bring out D. do the trick 50. Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. them B. whom C. who D. that 51. It rained hard yesterday, ________ prevented me from going to the park. A. when B. what C. that D. which 52. Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is ________ her granny. A. nursing; looking after B. nursing; look after C. to nurse; to look after D. nursing; to look after 53. Jack told us that he regretted ________ more when he was younger. A. to travel B. travel C. not traveling D. traveling 54. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. After being exposed D. Being exposed 55. We should remember that it is a waste of time ________ video games all day long. A. plays B. to play C. playing D. play 第三节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Home cooks are wild about it. Chili crisp, a Chinese condiment (作料) that mixes chili peppers with oil and other elements, has become one of the food world’s top ____56____ (pick). But how did this essential condiment originate? Chilies weren’t originally from China. In fact, ____57____ is now considered a symbol of Chinese cuisine wasn’t introduced to the country until the 16th century, ____58____ an age of exploration and trade brought chilis to the mainland. The earliest ____59____ (record) documentation of chilis in China dates back to 1591. According to Brian Dott, who ____60____ (pen) “The Chile Pepper in China: A Cultural Biography ”, the famous historical figure Gao Lian wasn’t “all that excited” about it, and he used the chili plant more ____61____ a decorative element. However, while the upper class of Chinese society admired chili plants for their beauty, ____62____ general public started consuming them. By 1765, local historians observed that in Hunan, chilis were used ____63____ (season) sauces, vinegar, and preserve vegetables. Different from other spices, chili peppers were not initially farmed and traded as commodities (商品). Instead, they fell into the hands of skilled farmers ____64____ (accidental) . Over time, chili peppers have become integrated in Chinese cooking, and nowadays, their integration into every level of society has become _____65_____ (popular) than ever before. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(满分15分) 66. 假定你是李华，你从网上得知联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 将在你所在的城市举办“一带一路”茶文化交流活动，现正在城市范围内招募中学生志愿者。请你用英文给该组织负责人写一封申请信。内容包括： 1. 对活动认识； 2. 个人优势。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Your faithfully, Li Hua 第二节(满分15分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Kathy’s family vacation to the beach was usually the highlight of her summer. This year, however, her parents announced a new rule: no phones for the entire week. “But my friends will be expecting updates about the trip,” Kathy complained. Kathy’s mom gave her a serious look. Unwillingly, Kathy handed her phone over and her mom locked it away in her room. The drive to the beach house took most of the day. As they turned off the highway onto country back roads, the clouds darkened. Rain started to pour. “Even more beautiful in the rain,” her mother said. “What do you think, Kathy?” Kathy glared at her mom. “Beautiful,” she muttered. That night after dinner, Kathy wandered into the kitchen, where her father was washing dishes. She gave her father a loving look and said in her sweetest voice, “Couldn’t I have my phone back, just for one second? Just so I can tell everyone what an amazing time I’m having?” “Can’t,” he said. “It’s not here. Remember?” Kathy was very annoyed. Having nothing better to do, she examined the dusty bookcase in the living room. The books looked as dull as the weather. On the top shelf, however, she spotted a puzzle. She took it, emptied the pieces on the table, and began to sort them. After what seemed like a few minutes, she looked up. It was past ten o’clock. She had been working for almost two hours! She yawned. The puzzle was less than half done, but she was exhausted. So, she went to bed. When Kathy awoke the next morning, she jumped out of bed and threw open the curtains. A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean. The sky was cloudless. The scene reminded Kathy of a photo that her friend Betty had recently sent her. This view was even better. It would leave everyone speechless. Kathy dashed to her bedside table and reached for her phone. But there was nothing there. She sighed. Still, she wandered in front of the window, admiring the sunrise. After a quick breakfast, Kathy headed to the beach. Under no circumstances had Kathy expected the scenery to be so spectacular! With the sea wind blowing against her face, Kathy totally lost herself in the stunning views. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 After half an hour’s leisure walk along the beach, Kathy returned to the house. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期高二年级期中考试英语学科试卷 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school. PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in. PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems. You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback. Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022. Waiting lists If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held. When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future. Deregistering If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance. You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu.. 1. In PASS students ________. A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems 2. What can students do if a session is full? A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list. C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list. 3. Students will be deregistered if ________. A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.（这是一个机会，在你运用技能解决问题的同时，加深你对课堂材料关键点的理解。）”可知，在同伴辅助学习课程中，学生运用技能解决问题。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Waiting lists部分“If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list.（如果课程满员，您可以注册等待列表。）”可知，如果某一课程满员，可以注册等待列表。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Deregistering部分“If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list.（如果您连续错过两次课程，您将被取消注册，你的位置将分配给等待名单上的某个人。）”可知，如果学生连续错过两次课程，将被取消注册。故选D。 B My grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. She was sitting in the living room with other residents, half of them asleep. The room was clean and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television and the only other sounds were snoring (打呼噜). Grandma talked a lot about how much she missed her grandson but I hated going to visit her there and, to be honest, I couldn’t wait to get away myself. So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary—combining an old people’s home with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities such as painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on. Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, but the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people having no contact with children, and more old people who feel lonely and useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. It’s a major problem in many societies. That’s why intergenerational programmes, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful initiatives. Young people teaching IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Old people working as volunteer assistants in schools is another, perhaps reading with children who need extra attention. The advantages are enormous. The children are happy because they get more individual attention. They also see illness and death and learn to accept them. The residents are happy because they feel useful and more interested in life. There will be less conflict in a community if older people can understand the youth, and vice versa. Now we need to rediscover what “community” really means. Then perhaps getting old won’t be such a depressing prospect after all. 4. Why did the author hate going to the old people’s home? A. The old people’s home was lifeless. B. He didn’t love his grandmother that much. C. He didn’t want to disturb the sleeping people. D. The staff were so helpful that he wasn’t needed. 5. Why does the author mention the newspaper story in paragraph 2? A. To present a possible solution. B. To share his reading experience. C. To introduce the topic for discussion. D. To add some background information. 6. What problem are many societies facing? A. Generation gap. B. Care for the eldly. C. Support for children. D. Intergenerational contact. 7. What’s an advantage of bringing the old and the young together? A. Children feel meaningful in life. B. The old will feel fulfilling in life. C. Children learn more modern skills. D. The old can better understand aging. 【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是把养老院和幼儿园结合在同一栋楼里这种养老院新概念。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的“She was sitting in the living room with other residents, half of them asleep. The room was clean and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television and the only other sounds were snoring (打呼噜).(她和其他住户坐在客厅里，其中一半人都睡着了。房间很干净，护理员也很和蔼、开朗。电视上正在播放常识问答节目，除此之外只有鼾声。)”可知，养老院毫无生气，所以作者不喜欢去，故选A。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary—combining an old people’s home with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities such as painting and gardening.(所以我有兴趣在报纸上读到一篇关于法国养老院新概念的文章。这个想法很简单，但却具有革命性——把养老院和幼儿园结合在同一栋楼里。孩子们和居民们一起吃午餐，分享绘画和园艺等活动。)”可知，关键词so提示了这是为什么作者读这篇文章的原因，也就是为了提出一个可能的解决方案。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“There are many reasons for this, but the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people having no contact with children, and more old people who feel lonely and useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. It’s a major problem in many societies.(造成这种情况的原因有很多，但结果都是一样的：越来越多的孩子没有祖父母，越来越多的老人没有和孩子接触，越来越多的老人感到孤独和无用，越来越多的有年幼孩子的家庭迫切需要更多的支持。这是许多社会的一个主要问题。)”可知，许多社会面临的问题是两代人之间的接触。故选D。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The residents are happy because they feel useful and more interested in life.(居民们很高兴，因为他们觉得自己很有用，对生活更感兴趣。)”可知，把老年人和年轻人结合在一起可以让老年人感到生活充实。故选B。 C In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments. However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it. These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument. 8. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument? A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain. 9. Why do many people try to avoid arguments? A They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win. C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves. 10. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat. 11. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author? A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence. C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides. 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知， 很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“ask them to give you a reason for their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell out意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。 D A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong. The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values. The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern. To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation. “We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts. 12. Which will not follow a seasonal trend? A. Purity of tradition. B. Loyalty to one’s party. C. Fairness among people. D. Respect for authority. 13. Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn? A. Changes in temperature. B. Increased holiday expenses. C. Reduction in vegetable varieties D. New challenges from school and work. 14. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Moral values are steady. B. Moral principles are changeable. C. Moral influences may be ignored. D. Moral changes can affect plan making. 15. What is the passage mainly about? A. Our morals change with the seasons. B. Anxiety rises when we feel threatened. C. Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D. Individualizing values and binding values differ. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了我们的道德观念随季节而变化的影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values,focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one's group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern.(对所有类型的数值而言，季节性模式的响应并不明显。例如，注重个人权利道德性的个体化价值观，在时间上几乎没有变化，也没有遵循季节趋势。然而，有约束力的价值观——优先考虑个人群体的需求，包括忠诚、尊重权威和传统的纯洁——遵循了一年两次的模式)”可知，忠诚、尊重权威和传统的纯洁都遵循了季节趋势，人与人之间的公平属于个人权利道德性个体化价值观，不遵循季节趋势。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work- related changes during these times could play some role.(春天和秋天通常被认为是最愉快的季节，所以在这段时间增加焦虑似乎是出乎意料的。但在这段时间里，与学校和工作相关的变化可能会起到一些作用)”可知，春秋季的焦虑来自学校和工作的新挑战。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they're actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed.Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts.(“我们通常认为道德价值观是我们所坚守的不可改变的原则，”霍姆教授说。“但实际上，它们受到各种各样的影响，我们可能不会注意到它们。意识到这是如何发生的可以帮助我们更好地理解和计划季节变化。”)”可知，道德价值观受到各种各样的影响，道德上的改变会影响计划的制定。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter.(一组研究人员研究了10年来一项关于道德的在线调查的回答，并分析了这些回答在不同季节的变化。他们的研究结果表明，就总体而言，人们在夏天和冬天不太可能认同更传统的道德价值观)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了我们的道德观念随季节而变化的影响。故选A。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余。 Were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate in school life? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. ___16___Fortunately, understanding how to deal with it, and knowing what is distracting(使分心) you, can help. Scientists have looked at what makes us distracted and found a number of ways to help us grown-ups stay in the zone. ___17___Research by Science Focus magazine found it helpful to seat yourself at a quiet coffee bar working on your laptop. It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removed a major distraction and helped us focus on the task at hand. ___18___ Psychologists are increasingly interested in our ability to get wholly absorbed in our work and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. According to their findings, making a task more visually demanding works a lot. Our brain may get the signal that the task takes up more processing power and leaves it nothing left to process distractions. There are more practical tips to keep you focused. Make a reasonable list or timetable of the tasks you have to do. Find a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things. ___19___It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted. As adults, we are trying so hard to avoid being distracted. However, distraction isn’t all bad. If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. ___20___ A. Or chew some gum! B. The tougher a task is, the better. C. In this sense, distraction is vital for survival. D. Another possible way is to keep your mind busy. E. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life. F. One of the most efficient solutions is to get rid of noise. G. Students may always find themselves distracted from the lessons. 【答案】16. E 17. F 18. D 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法来帮助我们成年人保持注意力集中。 【16题详解】 根据空前内容“Were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate in school life? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about.(你有没有被告知不要做白日梦，要专注于学校生活?如果你对你正在学习的东西不感兴趣，或者你有更好的事情要想，你很容易走神。)”可知，分心是一种常见的现象。而空后“Fortunately, understanding how to deal with it, and knowing what is distracting(使分心) you, can help.(幸运的是，了解如何处理它，知道是什么让你分心，可以帮助你。)”则告诉我们要通过了解分心而杜绝分心。选项E“Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life.(在成年人的生活中，保持专注仍然是一项挑战。)”延续上文内容，同时引出下文，表明即便保持专注不容易，但是还是有方法的。故选E。 【17题详解】 根据下文“Research by Science Focus magazine found it helpful to seat yourself at a quiet coffee bar working on your laptop.(《科学焦点》杂志的研究发现，坐在一个安静的咖啡馆里用笔记本电脑工作很有帮助。)”可知，安静的环境很重要。选项F“One of the most efficient solutions is to get rid of noise.(最有效的解决办法之一是消除噪音。)”指的正是去除噪音，保持安静，与下文内容一致。故选F。 【18题详解】 空处为段首句，为本段大意。根据下文“Psychologists are increasingly interested in our ability to get wholly absorbed in our work and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. According to their findings, making a task more visually demanding works a lot. Our brain may get the signal that the task takes up more processing power and leaves it nothing left to process distractions.(心理学家对我们全身心投入工作的能力越来越感兴趣，他们研究了我们可以改变大脑内部的什么来使我们集中注意力。根据他们的发现，让一项任务在视觉上要求更高，效果会更好。我们的大脑可能会得到这样的信号：这项任务需要更多的处理能力，没有任何东西留给大脑去处理分心的事情。)”可知，下文主要讲述的是如果让大脑处于忙碌，那么就不太会分心。选项D“Another possible way is to keep your mind busy.(另一种可能的方法是让你的大脑保持忙碌。)”与下文内容一致，指的都是让大脑保持忙碌。故选D。 【19题详解】 根据本段首句“There are more practical tips to keep you focused. (这里有更多实用的技巧让你保持专注。)”可知，本段主要介绍了一些实用的技巧让自己保持专注。根据空后“It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.(很有可能你口中的运动占据了大脑的一部分，否则这些部分可能会被分散注意力。)”可推断，空处和所谓的“口中的运动”有关。选项A“Or chew some gum!(或者嚼口香糖！)”中的“chew some gum”指的正是下文的“the movement in your mouth”，与下文内容相一致。故选A。 【20题详解】 根据空前内容“As adults, we are trying so hard to avoid being distracted. However, distraction isn’t all bad. If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment.(作为成年人，我们都在努力避免分心。然而，分心也不全是坏事。如果我们总是如此专注而从不分心，我们就会错过环境中的潜在变化，比如威胁。)”可知，作者认为避免分心固然重要，但是也不可能一点都不分心。选项C“In this sense, distraction is vital for survival.(从这个意义上说，分散注意力对生存至关重要。)”是上文内容的延续，指的是如果我们一直专注自己所做的事情，就会错过环境中的变化，而这对我们的生存并不是件好事。故选C。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I was born in the Netherlands and lived there until I was 30 years old. In the Dutch context, I was emotionally intelligent, and I ____21____ expect that this could be any different. When at the University of Michigan, I joined a discussion on ____22____. I introduced myself in an understated (Dutch) way as “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor, to fit American ____23____ , added that I was one of the world’s experts on culture and emotion. In response, I looked down in ____24____ and said in a low voice that “expert” was a big word. I lived in North Carolina and had new friends coming over for dinner. Conversations were lively that evening. When my guests left, they ____25____ me for dinner. My heart sank, because in the Netherlands, “thanking for dinner” means the relationship is ____26____ . The Netherlands and the US do not have massively different ____27____ . But emotional interactions between individuals from these different cultures are not ____28____ . The professor meant to make me feel good, but instead made me ____29____ . My friends meant to show gratitude, but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead. Where did it go wrong in these interactions? I now think the answer is that we were interacting with different ______30______ in mind. In the US, it is important that people feel good about themselves: other people help you ______31______ and have self-esteem. You are an expert, and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner. ______32______ , in the Netherlands, it is important to make true. ______33______ with other people, and not to pretend you are better than anybody else. The daily dances of emotions are ______34______ : Americans dance to the music of making each other special, while Dutch dance to the music of true connection. And when you ______35______ them up, people start stepping on each other’s toes. 21. A. never B. rarely C. usually D. sometimes 22. A. manners B. emotions C. literature D. intelligence 23. A. policies B. procedures C. standards D. requirements 24. A. anger B. delight C. disappointment D. embarrassment 25. A. asked B. thanked C. praised D. blamed 26. A. distant B. insincere C. harmonious D. meaningful 27. A. origins B. cultures C. environment D. languages 28. A. complicated B. fluent C. interesting D. regular 29. A. annoyed B. anxious C. humble D. uncomfortable 30. A. methods B. purposes C. feelings D. expectations 31. A. stand out B. show off C. calm down D. cheer up 32. A. For instance B. Above all C. After all D. By contrast 33. A. promises B. contributions C. connections D. comparisons 34. A. different B. personal C. important D. widespread 35. A. build B. take C. pick D. mix 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自身演讲和请朋友吃饭两件事，说明了美国和荷兰的人情感互动存在差异。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在荷兰的背景下，我情商很高，我从没想过这会有什么不同。A. never从不；B. rarely很少；C. usually通常；D. sometimes有时。根据后文“expect that this could be any different.”可知，此处指作者从没想过情商高会有什么不同。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在密歇根大学，我参加了一个关于情感的讨论，我以一种低调（荷兰语）方式介绍自己“对文化和情感感兴趣”。A. manners礼貌；B. emotions情感；C. literature文学；D. intelligence智力。根据后文“interested in culture and emotion”可知，此处是关于情感的讨论。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了符合美国人的标准，教授又补充说，我是世界上文化和情感方面的专家之一。A. policies政策；B. procedures程序；C. standards标准；D. requirements要求。根据后文“added that I was one of the world’s experts on culture and emotion.”可知，补充作者的身份，是为了符合美国人的标准。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为回应，我尴尬地低下头，低声说“专家”是个大词。A. anger愤怒；B. delight高兴；C. disappointment失望；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据后文“and said in a low voice that “expert” was a big word.”可知，作者对教授的描述感到尴尬。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的客人离开时，他们感谢我的晚餐。A. asked询问；B. thanked感谢；C. praised赞美；D. blamed责备。根据后文“thanking for dinner”可知，客人感谢作者的晚餐。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的心沉了下来，因为在荷兰，“感谢晚餐”意味着关系疏远。A. distant遥远的；B. insincere不诚恳的；C. harmonious和谐的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据后文“ they were distancing themselves from us instead.”可知，“感谢晚餐”意味着关系疏远。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：荷兰和美国的文化并没有很大的不同。A. origins起源；B. cultures文化；C. environment环境；D. languages语言。根据后文“from these different cultures”可知，本句是在说明荷兰和美国的文化并没有很大的不同。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是来自这些不同文化的个体之间的情感互动并不流畅。A. complicated复杂的；B. fluent流畅的；C. interesting有趣的；D. regular规律的。根据后文“The professor meant to make me feel good, but instead made me”可知，教授和作者的不同感受说明来自这些不同文化的个体之间的情感互动并不流畅。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教授本想让我感觉好一点，结果却让我感到不舒服。A. annoyed生气的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. humble谦虚的；D. uncomfortable不舒服的。结合上文可知，作者很尴尬，教授本想让作者感觉好一点，结果却让作者感到不舒服。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在认为答案是，我们在头脑中有不同的目的。A. methods方法；B. purposes目的；C. feelings感觉；D.expectations期待。后文对比了美国和荷兰的不同，由此可知，此处是因为头脑中有不同的目的。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在美国，人们自我感觉良好是很重要的：别人会帮助你脱颖而出，让你有自尊。A. stand out脱颖而出；B. show off炫耀；C. calm down平静；D. cheer up高兴起来。根据上文“people feel good about themselves: other people help”可知，在美国，人们自我感觉良好是很重要的：别人会帮助你脱颖而出。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，在荷兰，重要的是与他人建立真正的联系，而不是假装自己比任何人都好。A. For instance例如；B. Above all首先；C. After all毕竟；D. By contrast相比之下。根据后文“in the Netherlands”可知，此处是美国和荷兰在进行对比。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，在荷兰，重要的是与他人建立真正的联系，而不是假装自己比任何人都好。A. promises承诺；B. contributions贡献；C. connections联系；D. comparisons比较。根据后文“with other people”可知，荷兰更注重和他人建立真正的联系，make connections with表示“与……建立联系”。后文“Dutch dance to the music of true connection”也是提示。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：情感的日常舞蹈是不同的：美国人跳舞的音乐是让彼此变得特别，而荷兰人跳舞的音乐是真正的联系。A. different不同的；B. personal个人的；C. important重要的。D. widespread广泛的。根据后文“Americans dance to the music of making each other special, while Dutch dance to the music of true connection(美国人跳舞的音乐是让彼此变得特别，而荷兰人跳舞的音乐是真正的联系)”可知，二者存在不同。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你把它们混在一起时，人们就会开始踩到彼此的脚趾头。A. build建立；B. take带走；C. pick捡起；D. mix混合。根据后文“people start stepping on each other’s toes”可知，此处指混淆了两者的不同，就会发生误解。故选D。 第二节(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 36. Many people tend to assume that ________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things. A. imitation B. imagination C. innovation D. inspiration 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人倾向认为革新意味着创造新的东西，但实际上它不仅仅如此，它是一种做事的态度。A. imitation仿制品，赝品；B. imagination想象；C. innovation革新，变革；D. inspiration灵感。根据后文means creating something new可知，是“创新”，故选C。 37. Online learning platforms often lack the face-to-face ________ that traditional classrooms provide. A. rejection B. cooperation C. amusement D. interaction 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在线学习平台往往缺乏传统课堂所提供的面对面互动。A. rejection拒绝；驳回；否决；B. cooperation合作；协作；配合；C. amusement娱乐；消遣；乐趣；D. interaction互动；交流；相互作用。根据“that traditional classrooms provide.”可知，与传统课堂相比较，在线学习平台缺乏面对面的互动。故选D。 38. The employees felt very ________ when the company announced a bonus for their hard work throughout the year. A. complicated B. appreciative C. intense D. embarrassed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当公司宣布给员工发奖金以奖励他们一年来的辛勤工作时，他们感到非常感激。A. complicated复杂的；B. appreciative感激的；C. intense强烈的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“when the company announced a bonus for their hard work throughout the year”可知，员工对于奖励应是感到感激，故选B。 39. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________, it is vital that we strive for the equality. A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Despite D. Additionally 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查副词和介词辨析。句意：我们成功改变法律的可能性很小。然而，争取平等是至关重要的。A. Moreover此外（副词），表示递进关系；B. Nevertheless然而（副词），表示转折关系；C. Despite尽管（介词），表示让步关系；D. Additionally此外（副词），表示递进关系。空后有逗号和句子分开，空处应用副词，空前表示成功改变法律的可能性很小，空后表示仍应争取平等，前后是转折的关系，应用Nevertheless来衔接。故选B。 40. It’s true that she made a mistake but she hardly________ to lose her job. A. requires B. deserves C. persevere D. guarantee 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她犯了错是真的，但错不至于丢掉工作。A. requires需要；B. deserves值得，应该；C. perserve保存；D. guarantee保证。根据前文的转折but可知，此处指“尽管她犯错了，但不应该因此丢掉工作”，故应用动词deserves，故选B。 41 You will run into ________ if you spend more than your income. A. spot B. fame C. debt D. outline 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的消费超过你的收入，你就会陷入债务。A. spot地方；B. fame声誉；C. debt债；D. outline概述，轮廓。结合句中“spend more than your income”可知，花费超出了收入，自然就会陷入债务。故选C项。 42. —Why did you say that the other day? —It was just a casual ________. I didn’t mean anything by it. A. remark B. contest C. concept D. intention 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你那天为什么这么说？——我只是随便说说而已。我没别的意思。A. remark言论，评述，话语；B. contest竞赛，比赛；C. concept概念，观念；D. intention意图，目的。根据“I didn’t mean anything by it.”可知，那只是随便说的一句话语，没有别的意思。 43. It took her a lot of ________ to walk up to the podium and deliver the presentation in front of hundreds of people. A. nerve B. pace C. revelation D. relish 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她鼓起很大的勇气走上讲台，在数百人面前发表演讲。A. nerve勇气；胆量；B. pace步速；节奏；步伐；C. revelation揭示；揭露；D. relish享受；乐趣；调味品；风味佐料。根据“to walk up to the podium and deliver the presentation in front of hundreds of people.”可知，她鼓足了很大的勇气走上讲台做演讲。故选A。 44. My family’s kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life ______ living. It is also great to see something ______ of note during my walk through the woods. A. worthy; worthy B. worth; worthy C. worth; worthwhile D. worthwhile; worth 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：家人的善良、温柔和陪伴使我的生命值得活下去。在我穿过树林的时候看到一些值得注意的东西也很棒。A. worthy值得的；worthy值得的；B. worth值得的；worthy值得的；C. worth值得的；worthwhile值得的；D.worthwhile值得的；worth值得的。第一个设空处为形容词作宾语补足语，空后为living，固定短语worth doing“值得做……”。故第一空为worth；第二个设空处为形容词作后置定语，worthy of +n./being done意为“值得……”，worthy of note意为“值得做……”，第二空应填worthy。故选B。 45. She was ________ to receive the bouquet of flowers, which were simply ________ with their vibrant colors and sweet fragrance. A. delighted; delighted B. delightful; delightful C. delighted; delightful D. delightful; delighted 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴收到那束花，它们鲜艳的颜色和甜美的香味简直令人愉快。delighted感到高兴的；愉快的；delightful令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的；可爱的。be delighted to do sth.很高兴做某事。第一空指收到花非常高兴；第二空指这些花令人愉快。故选C。 46. Under intense pressure, the old bridge finally ________, causing a huge traffic jam. A. gave way B. went wild C. paid off D. stood still 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在巨大的压力下，这座老桥终于倒塌了，造成了巨大的交通堵塞。A. gave way倒塌；让路；屈服；B. went wild疯狂；发狂；C. paid off取得成功；还清债务；D. stood still站着不动；静止不动。根据“ causing a huge traffic jam.”可知，这座旧桥在巨大的压力下倒塌了。故选A。 47. Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game, our coach got us to ________ and ready to give our best shot in the second half. A. hold up B. cheer up C. descend upon D. probe into 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然我们上半场踢得不够好，但教练让我们振作起来，准备在下半场发挥出最好的水平。A. hold up举起；B. cheer up(使)振作起来；C. descend upon涌入；D. probe into探究。根据“Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game,”和“and ready to give our best shot in the second half.”可知，教练让球队振作起来。故选B。 48. When the interviewer asked me about my future plans, I was ________ because I had no idea at all. A. told off B. brought into focus C. put on the spot D. let down 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当面试官问我未来的计划时，我很尴尬，因为我完全不知道。A. told off斥责；数落；B. brought into focus成为焦点；受到关注；C. put on the spot处于难堪境地；使尴尬；D. let down使失望；辜负。根据“because I had no idea at all.”可知，因为回答不了面试官的问题而感到尴尬。故选C。 49. Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) , and he said lemons would ________. A. come to life B. burst onto C. bring out D. do the trick 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：布莱恩医生建议杰里吃点酸的东西来刺激他的食欲，他说柠檬会有效果。A. come to life苏醒，活跃起来；B. burst onto突然出现；C. bring out出版，生产，使显示；D. do the trick奏效，起作用。根据“Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) ”可知，布莱恩医生说柠檬会起到刺激食欲的作用。故选D。 50. Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. them B. whom C. who D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐梦想。句中先行词为young people，指代人，在非限定性定语从句中作most of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。故选B。 51. It rained hard yesterday, ________ prevented me from going to the park. A. when B. what C. that D. which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天雨下得很大，这让我无法去公园。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选D项。 52. Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is ________ her granny. A. nursing; looking after B. nursing; look after C. to nurse; to look after D. nursing; to look after 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是在医院里护理病人；但是这个周末她的任务是照顾她的奶奶。第一空，表示经常发生的一般性行为，应用动名词作表语；第二空根据上文this weekend可知，表示具体的、还未发生的动作，应用不定式作表语。故选D。 53. Jack told us that he regretted ________ more when he was younger. A. to travel B. travel C. not traveling D. traveling 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：杰克告诉我们，他后悔年轻时没有多旅行。这里考查regret doing，动名词作宾语，而由句意并结合more可知，这里表示“后悔没有做”，所以应在动名词前加否定词not。故选C项。 54. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. After being exposed D. Being exposed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。A. Exposed 暴露，揭露（expose的过去分词）; B. Having exposed; C. After being exposed 被曝光后; D. Being exposed 被暴露。分析句子可知，will do为谓语，设空处应为非谓语动词作主语。非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式作主语，而分词和介词短语不可以作主语，排除A、C项，另因exposed与one's skin之间为动宾关系，因此要用动名词的被动式being exposed。 故选D项。 55. We should remember that it is a waste of time ________ video games all day long. A. plays B. to play C. playing D. play 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该记住，整天玩电子游戏是浪费时间。It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的，句型中It作形式主语，真正的主语为动名词。故选C。 第三节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Home cooks are wild about it. Chili crisp, a Chinese condiment (作料) that mixes chili peppers with oil and other elements, has become one of the food world’s top ____56____ (pick). But how did this essential condiment originate? Chilies weren’t originally from China. In fact, ____57____ is now considered a symbol of Chinese cuisine wasn’t introduced to the country until the 16th century, ____58____ an age of exploration and trade brought chilis to the mainland. The earliest ____59____ (record) documentation of chilis in China dates back to 1591. According to Brian Dott, who ____60____ (pen) “The Chile Pepper in China: A Cultural Biography ”, the famous historical figure Gao Lian wasn’t “all that excited” about it, and he used the chili plant more ____61____ a decorative element. However, while the upper class of Chinese society admired chili plants for their beauty, ____62____ general public started consuming them. By 1765, local historians observed that in Hunan, chilis were used ____63____ (season) sauces, vinegar, and preserve vegetables. Different from other spices, chili peppers were not initially farmed and traded as commodities (商品). Instead, they fell into the hands of skilled farmers ____64____ (accidental) . Over time, chili peppers have become integrated in Chinese cooking, and nowadays, their integration into every level of society has become _____65_____ (popular) than ever before. 【答案】56. picks 57. what 58. when 59. recorded 60. penned 61. as 62. the 63. to season 64. accidentally 65. more popular 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国调味品油辣子的起源、辣椒在中国的传播历程以及其在中国烹饪中的普及和重要性。 【56题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：油辣子，一种将辣椒与油和其他元素混合的中国调味品，已经成为美食界的热门之选。分析句子成分可知，此处是固定搭配one of+名词的复数形式。故填picks。 57题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：事实上，如今被视为中国烹饪象征的辣椒，直到16世纪才被引入中国。分析句子成分可知，此处引导主语从句的，主语从句缺少主语，指事物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【58题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：事实上，如今被视为中国烹饪象征的辣椒，直到16世纪才被引入中国。分析句子成分可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为16th century，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故填when。 【59题详解】 考查形容词。句意：中国最早关于辣椒的记载可追溯到1591年。分析句子成分可知，此处修饰空后名词documentation，应用形容词recorded“有记录的”，作定语。故填recorded。 【60题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：据撰写《中国辣椒：文化传记》的Brian Dott所述，著名历史人物高濂对辣椒“并不那么热衷”，他更多地将辣椒植株当作一种装饰品。分析句子成分可知，此处是从句谓语动词；陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填penned。 【61题详解】 考查介词。句意：据撰写《中国辣椒：文化传记》的Brian Dott所述，著名历史人物高濂对辣椒“并不那么热衷”，他更多地将辣椒植株当作一种装饰品。分析句子成分可知，名词decorative element前用介词形式。表示“当作”，应用介词as。故填as。 【62题详解】 考查冠词。句意：然而，当中国的上层社会因辣椒植株的美丽而对其赞赏有加时，普通民众已经开始食用它们了。分析句子成分可知，空处为冠词修饰空后的public，构成短语：the general public“普通民众”。故填the。 【63题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：到1765年，地方史学家观察到，在湖南，辣椒已被用于调味酱汁、醋和腌制蔬菜。分析句子成分可知，此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to season。 【64题详解】 考查副词。句意：相反，它们意外地落入了技艺高超的农民手中。分析句子成分可知，此处修饰动词短语fell into，应用副词accidentally“意外地”，作状语。故填accidentally。 【65题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：随着时间的推移，辣椒已经融入了中国烹饪之中，如今，它们在社会各个层面的普及程度比以往任何时候都更受欢迎。根据空后的“than ever before”可知，此处使用形容词比较级，作表语。故填more popular。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(满分15分) 66. 假定你是李华，你从网上得知联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 将在你所在的城市举办“一带一路”茶文化交流活动，现正在城市范围内招募中学生志愿者。请你用英文给该组织负责人写一封申请信。内容包括： 1. 对活动的认识； 2. 个人优势。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Your faithfully, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to apply as a volunteer for “the Belt and Road Initial” Tea Culture Exchange event to be organized by UNESCO in my hometown. According to me, this event presents a unique opportunity to promote cultural exchange and understanding. It will serve as a platform for showcasing the rich and diverse tea cultures of different countries, fostering mutual respect and appreciation among participants. I have a good understanding of the importance of tea culture and its significance in the history and traditions of our region. It has been several years since I was fascinated by the art of tea making and brewing. Moreover, my excellent communication skills and ability to work well with others will make me a valuable addition to the volunteer team. Looking forward to your reply. Yours faithfully, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生以李华的身份，写一封英文信申请做“一带一路”茶文化交流活动的志愿者，谈论自己对活动本身的认识，并介绍个人的优势。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 机会：opportunity→chance 展示：showcase→display, exhibit 丰富的：rich→abundant, plentiful 培养：foster→develop, nurture 迷住：fascinate→attract, captivate 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：According to me, this event presents a unique opportunity to promote cultural exchange and understanding. 拓展句：I believe that this event presents a unique opportunity to promote cultural exchange and understanding. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It will serve as a platform for showcasing the rich and diverse tea cultures of different countries, fostering mutual respect and appreciation among participants. (运用了现分词fostering作状语) [高分句型2] It has been several years since I was fascinated by the art of tea making and brewing. (运用了since引导时间状语从句) 第二节(满分15分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Kathy’s family vacation to the beach was usually the highlight of her summer. This year, however, her parents announced a new rule: no phones for the entire week. “But my friends will be expecting updates about the trip,” Kathy complained. Kathy’s mom gave her a serious look. Unwillingly, Kathy handed her phone over and her mom locked it away in her room. The drive to the beach house took most of the day. As they turned off the highway onto country back roads, the clouds darkened. Rain started to pour. “Even more beautiful in the rain,” her mother said. “What do you think, Kathy?” Kathy glared at her mom. “Beautiful,” she muttered. That night after dinner, Kathy wandered into the kitchen, where her father was washing dishes. She gave her father a loving look and said in her sweetest voice, “Couldn’t I have my phone back, just for one second? Just so I can tell everyone what an amazing time I’m having?” “Can’t,” he said. “It’s not here. Remember?” Kathy was very annoyed. Having nothing better to do, she examined the dusty bookcase in the living room. The books looked as dull as the weather. On the top shelf, however, she spotted a puzzle. She took it, emptied the pieces on the table, and began to sort them. After what seemed like a few minutes, she looked up. It was past ten o’clock. She had been working for almost two hours! She yawned. The puzzle was less than half done, but she was exhausted. So, she went to bed. When Kathy awoke the next morning, she jumped out of bed and threw open the curtains. A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean. The sky was cloudless. The scene reminded Kathy of a photo that her friend Betty had recently sent her. This view was even better. It would leave everyone speechless. Kathy dashed to her bedside table and reached for her phone. But there was nothing there. She sighed. Still, she wandered in front of the window, admiring the sunrise. After a quick breakfast, Kathy headed to the beach. Under no circumstances had Kathy expected the scenery to be so spectacular! With the sea wind blowing against her face, Kathy totally lost herself in the stunning views. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 After half an hour’s leisure walk along the beach, Kathy returned to the house. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】After half an hour’s leisure walk along the beach, Kathy returned to the house. “How do I spend the rest of the day?” Kathy murmured to herself. Suddenly, the unfinished puzzle caught her attention. She felt a little excited and buried herself in it once again. Every time the shapes met, Kathy was overwhelmed with happiness. Soon, all that were left were a few gaps. She quickly put the remaining pieces into place. The puzzle was completed! Appreciating the finished puzzle, she realized she hadn’t thought of her cellphone for hours. Without the distractions from her cellphone, she found herself engaged in story sharing session with mom and daddy willingly. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述Kathy一家去旅行，妈妈要求旅行中不用手机，开始Kathy十分不习惯但又不得不遵守规则。Kathy完成了拼图，并且欣赏到了平时看不到的美景，还尽情享受了和父母在一起的时间和温暖。 【详解】1.段落续写： 由首句内容“沿着海滩悠闲地散步了半个小时后，Kathy回到了家里。”可知，第一段可描写Kathy在海边看到了美景，然后，回家完成昨晚没有完成的拼图，并发现没有手机的快乐。 2.续写线索：思考怎么度过剩下的时间——未完成的拼图引起自己的注意——沉浸在拼图地快乐——完成拼图——发现没有手机的快乐 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①自言自语：murmur to oneself/think aloud ②吸引注意力：catch her attention /draw her attention ③完成：complete/finish 情绪类 ①激动的：excited/thrilled ②十分高兴：be overwhelmed with happiness/be bathed in happiness 【点睛】[高分句型1]Every time the shapes met, Kathy was overwhelmed with happiness. (运用了由every time引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2]Soon, all that were left were a few gaps. (运用了关系代词that引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$