Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures课堂精练（含答案） -2024-2025学年高一英语上学期课堂精练（人教版2019必修第二册）

人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 课堂精练 1、 单词拼写(共8小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分20分) 1．He divided their ________ (王国) into thirds. 2．His ________ (主要的) worry was that Tom lacked experience. 3．A row of reflective boards on a ________ (附近的) mountainside were put to use. 4．________ (军事的) action may become necessary. 5．I still prefer to play in ________(防守)． 6．This b________ was vividly recorded in the article. 7．The new p________ has been opened to foreign ships. 8．Despite their many d________， all human beings share several defining characteristics. 二．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分) 1．The players (choose) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game. 2．To tell the truth, you must make every effort to improve your (speak) English. 3．No matter how busy she is, Lily manages to get her work (finish) on time. 4．I'm sorry for having kept you (wait) for such a long time. Let's talk about your problem now. 5．My brother rushed out of home with the door (unlock) when his friend called him. 6．I once found my cellphone (miss) during my stay in the city. 7．Prices of daily goods (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices. 8．The yoga club, (open) last month in our school, is popular among women teachers. 9．I heard the song (sing) several times last week. 10．Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature (take). 三、阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分20分) 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项 (A 、B 、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 A As a child, Shade Ajayi worked in her aunt’s shop instead of attending school. She now runs her own business making and selling purses and bags. But she believes her inability to read or write is holding her back. Until recently, Ajayi had never gone to school. Now 50, the businesswoman is learning to read and write alongside students nearly 40 years younger than her. Ajayi attends a school in Ilorin, in Nigera’s western Kwara state. She wears the same uniform, or school clothing, as hundreds of girls at the school. “I’m not ashamed (惭愧的) that I wear a uniform,” she said. Ajayi signed up to attend school last year, but the school closed because of the coronavirus pandemic. Schools reopened in January and Ajayi finally got her chance. She sits in a class with students aged 11 to 13 and raises her hand to answer questions. Ajayi’s teacher, Nasrat Busari, said she did not appear worried about the age difference with other students. She has been coping well with them: playing together, talking together and discussing things together. Ajayi’s daughter, Shola Adeboye, said at first, she was embarrassed that her mother attended school alongside children. But later, she supported her mother’s efforts. “She has always wanted to be educated but she couldn’t until now,” Adeboye said. Ajayi still makes bags and purses after finishing classes. A helper serves her customers during school hours. She plans to continue her education for four more years saying it will help her business. “People around me can read and write and they are succeeding in their businesses,” said Ajayi. And she does not seem to care what others may say about her. Ajayi said, “It’s my duty not to pay attention to what they’re saying.” 1. Why does Ajayi go to school at such an age? A. She’d like to accept her friend’s advice. B. She believes that it will help her business. C She is sad that she has never gone to school. D. She doesn’t want to miss the last chance to learn. 2. What happened to her when Ajayi went to school last year? A. She failed to go to school. B. She was refused by the school. C. She was laughed at by her classmates. D. Her daughter prevented her from going to school. 3. What do we know about Ajayi at school? A. She refuses to wear uniforms. B. She is embarrassed to be a student. C. She is shy to answer questions in class. D. She gets along well with other students. 4. Which word can best describe Ajayi’s attitude to her future education? A. Disappointed. B. Uncertain(未知的). C. Confident. D. Worried. B Living a healthy lifestyle contains making choices about the foods we eat as well as exercise and other daily activities. The term “healthy lifestyle” can be defined as “to improve and protect one’s health and well-being”. For this purpose, a healthy lifestyle can include good eating habits, regular physical activity and anti-alcoholism (抗酒精中毒). First of all, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle. For instance, rushed morning routines, trying to lose weight, and lack of appetite (食欲) early in the morning are all reasons why people skip breakfast (不吃早餐). However, most experts think that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Another example is fast food; a hamburger from McDonald’s with special sauce and cheese is not exactly considered as a healthy meal. Our society today is developing fast and people are on the go at all times. It is much easier to stop and get fast food. As a result, humans become fatter. However, eating low-fat meals that include 5 to 9 serving of fruits and vegetables every day is an ideal healthy life plan. Therefore, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle. Secondly, another way of living a healthy lifestyle is physical activity. Exercise is indeed part of life because it keeps the body and mind in good shape. Exercise reduces stress and contributes to (有助于) a good sleep. It can keep a person looking and feeling younger throughout his entire life, and it also helps build one’s energy and strength. So, physical activity is another way of living a healthy lifestyle. Finally, another way is anti-alcoholism. Addiction to alcohol may cause serious social and public problems. It is accepted that driving after drinking is dangerous. Alcohol is a main factor of traffic deaths. Alcoholism can also lead to diseases, such as heart attack or liver trouble. Thus, anti-alcoholism is another way for a healthy lifestyle. In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle can be maintained in three ways: the first way is good eating habits, the second way is regular physical activity and the final way is anti-alcoholism. 5. When it comes to living a healthy lifestyle, which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? A. Good eating habits. B. Anti-alcoholism. C. Physical activity. D. Losing weight. 6. What does the underlined phrase “on the go” mean? A. Busy. B. Boring. C. Hard. D. Happy. 7. According to the text, how can we feel younger throughout our life? A. By avoiding fast food. B. By being happy every day. C. By taking regular exercise. D. By wearing some special clothes. 8. In what column are you most likely to find this text? A. Life. B. Sports. C. Economy. D. Advertisement. 四、完形填空(共15小题：每题2分, . 满分30分) 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。 The old man woke up just before sunrise, as he often did. He was walking on the beach to ____1____ the new day. As he moved in the morning sun, he ____2___ on a small, far-away figure of a boy. He saw a young man, bending (弯腰) and waving arms, dancing on the beach, no ____3____ he was welcoming the perfect day soon to begin. As he ____4____ he realized that the young man was not dancing on the beach, but rather bending to look through what was left by the night’s ____5____, stopping now and then to ____6____ up starfish and then standing, to throw it back into the ____7___. The old man asked the young man the ____8____ of the effort. “The tide has washed the starfish onto the beach and they cannot ____9____ to the sea by themselves,” the youth replied. “When the sun rises, they will die, unless I put them back into the sea.” As the youth made his ____10___ the old man looked at the wide beach, extending (延伸) in both ____11____ beyond eyesight. Starfish lay on the shore, seeming ____12____. The hopelessness of the young man’s plan became ____13____ and the old man countered, “But there are more starfish on this beach than you can ever save before the sun has risen. Surely you cannot expect to make a(n)____14____.” The young man stopped to consider the words, bent to pick up a starfish and threw it as far as ____15___. Turning to the old man, he said, “I made a difference to this one.” 1. A. accept B. watch C. greet D. play 2. A. depended B. focused C. carried D. stepped 3. A. wonder B. way C. doubt D. problem 4. A. remained B. left C. dreamed D. approached 5. A. tide B. darkness C. coldness D. water 6. A. set B. hold C. take D. pick 7. A. sea B. pond C. lake D. river 8. A. purpose B. excuse C. mind D. imagination 9. A. dance B. dive C. fly D. return 10. A. experiment B. explanation C. advice D. cry 11. A. legs B. arms C. directions D. methods 12. A. sleepy B. careless C. dangerous D. endless 13. A. clear B. anxious C. eager D. worried 14. A. sense B. difference C. effort D. effect 15. A. probable B. likely C. necessary D. possible 五、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分) Tim and I talked a lot about his problems today, and I’m so glad that I could help my best friend. It also left me thinking about what it really means to be a “good friend”. In my opinion, the following 1 （quality） form the basis of a friendship. A good friend needs to be 2 （support）. I can see that Tim is having trouble 3 （balance） his project and his schoolwork, and I can see that both are important to him. I must respect and support the choices he makes. I should also encourage him to take action to get over these difficulties. A good friend also needs to be selfless. Tim is someone 4 I should try my best to help, even if it means more work for me. When he’s struggling 5 his schoolwork, I should do all I can 6 （help） him become a more efficient learner. It’ll take up some of my spare time, 7 this friendship is worth my extra time and effort. I’m sure that Tim would do 8 same for me. To me, a good friend brings out the best in a person. And I think Tim is the one who brings out the best in me. Through our conversation today, I know that our friendship will grow 9 （strong ） than ever. I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship 10 （develop）. 答案 单词拼写 1.kingdom 2.chief 3.nearby 4.Military 5.defence 6.battle 7.port 8.differences 单句语法填空 1．chosen；2．spoken；3．finished；4．waiting；5．unlocked；6．missing； 7．bought；8．opened；9．sung；10．taken； 阅读理解 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Shade Ajayi直到最近才开始上学。现年50岁的商人正在与比她年轻近40岁的学生一起学习阅读和写作。她在尼日利亚伊洛林的一所学校上学，穿着与学校的其他女生一样的制服。虽然年龄差距很大，但她对此并不感到羞耻。她认为自己不会读写阻碍了她的发展。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“She plans to continue her education for four more years, saying it will help her business. (她计划继续接受四年以上的教育，称这将有助于她的生意)”可知，Ajayi决定在50岁时去上学，因为她相信接受教育将有助于她的生意。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ajayi signed up to attend school last year, but the school closed because of the coronavirus pandemic.(阿费伊去年报名上学，但由于冠状病毒疫情，学校关闭了)”可知，Aiayi因为疫情而没有去上学。故选A。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“She has been coping well with them: playing together, talking together and discussing things together.(她一直很好地应付他们：一起玩，一起说话，一起讨论事情)”可知，学校里的Aiayi和其他同学相处得很好。故选D。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“And she does not seem to care what others may say about her. Ajayi said, “It’s my duty not to pay attention to what they’re saying.”(而且她似乎并不在乎别人会怎么说她。阿贾伊说：“我有责任不去注意他们在说什么。”)可知，Aiayi对她未来的教育充满信心。故选C。 【答案】5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从良好的饮食习惯、定期的体育锻炼、以及远离酗酒三个方面构建健康的生活方式。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“For this purpose, a healthy lifestyle can include good eating habits, regular physical activity and anti-alcoholism (抗酒精中毒). (为此，健康的生活方式包括良好的饮食习惯、定期体育锻炼和远离酗酒)”可知，健康的生活方式包括良好的饮食习惯、体育活动和远离酗酒，文中未提到减肥。故选D项。 【6题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Our society today is developing fast (我们今天的社会发展很快)”和下文“It is much easier to stop and get fast food. (停下来吃快餐要容易得多)”可推知，社会发展很快会导致人们很忙碌，没时间好好用餐，只能选择更容易的快餐。因此，on the go意思应该是“处于忙碌、一直奔走的状态”，与busy意思接近。故选A项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Exercise reduces stress and contributes to (有助于) a good sleep. It can keep a person looking and feeling younger throughout his entire life, and it also helps build one’s energy and strength. (运动可以减轻压力，有助于良好的睡眠。它可以让一个人在整个生命中看起来和感觉更年轻，它也有助于增强一个人的精力和力量)”可知，定期运动可以让人在整个生命中感觉更年轻。故选C项。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕健康的生活方式展开，具体介绍了从良好的饮食习惯、定期的体育锻炼、以及远离酗酒三个方面构建健康的生活方式。因此，文章与我们的日常生活紧密相关，可能出自生活栏目。故选A项。 【答案】5. A 6. B 7. C 8. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了社交媒体上的红人Jérôme Jarre利用自己的影响力，在网上发起一个GoFundMe活动，帮助处于饥荒的索马里人民的故事。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It all started with a tweet from a social media influencer Jérôme Jarre on March 15 after he was on a call with a volunteer in Somalia who had just seen a 6-year-old girl die after walking 90 miles with her mother in search of water. (这一切都始于社交媒体红人Jérôme Jarre在3月15日发的一条推文，当时他正在与索马里的一名志愿者通话，这名志愿者刚刚看到一名6岁的女孩和她的母亲一起走了90英里去找水，结果不幸身亡)”可知，这名6岁的女孩不幸身亡。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“With Turkish Airlines being the only airline that flies to Somalia, he started a GoFundMe campaign (活动) called “Love Army for Somalia” and challenged viewers to post on social media #TurkishAirlinesHelpSomalia to get them to set aside one of their flights to Somalia for food. (由于土耳其航空是唯一一家飞往索马里的航空公司，他发起了一个名为“索马里爱心军”的GoFundMe活动，并要求观众在社交媒体上发布#土耳其航空公司帮助索马里#的帖子，让他们留出一架飞往索马里的航班来运载食物)”和第五段中“The goal was to reach $1 million in 10 days and the amount (数量) of money raised in such a short time by so many people surprised Jarre. (目标是在10天内筹集到100万美元，这么多人在这么短的时间内筹集到的资金让Jarre感到惊讶)”可知，Jarre发起了名为“索马里爱心军”的活动，计划在10天内筹集到100万美元。由此可知，他的决定是向公众筹集资金。故选B项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Within days, many famous people joined the cause. Turkish Airlines listened and came back with an answer, saying they would keep donating (捐赠) a plane to be filled with food until the end of the famine (饥荒). This campaign received $1 million, within 24 hours with the average (平均的) donation being around $28 — the highest donation of $50,000 came from Alex and Ani, a jewelry company. (几天之内，许多名人加入了这项事业。土耳其航空公司听取了他们的意见，并给出了答复，称他们将继续捐赠一架装满食物的飞机，直到饥荒结束。这项活动在24小时内收到了100万美元的捐款，平均捐款约为28美元，其中最高的捐款来自一家名为Alex and Ani的珠宝公司)”可知，第四段主要介绍了该运动的影响，得到的正面反馈以及筹集到的大量捐款，即运动的成果。故选C项。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The campaign took off, and other social media influencers joined the movement to help spread the word. (这场运动突然流行起来，其他社交媒体上有影响力的人也加入了这场运动，帮助传播这个词)”和“This campaign received $1 million, within 24 hours with the average (平均的) donation being around $28 — the highest donation of $50,000 came from Alex and Ani, a jewelry company. (这项活动在24小时内收到了100万美元的捐款，平均捐款约为28美元，其中最高的捐款来自一家名为Alex and Ani的珠宝公司)”可知，该运动开始后影响很大，很快筹集到了大量捐款，取得了巨大的成功。故选C项。 完形填空 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，本文讲述的是一位年轻人在退潮后在海边尽力地捡海星，并将它们放回海水里的故事。告诉我们：虽然我们不能完全地影响世界，但是我们可以尽力影响我们可以影响的对象。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他走在沙滩上迎接新的一天。A. accept接受；B. watch观看；C. greet打招呼，迎接；D. play玩。根据上文“The old man woke up just before sunrise, as he often did.(像往常一样，老人在日出前醒来)”及空后“the new day”可知，老人醒来后在沙滩上走迎接新的一天，故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他在早晨的阳光下移动时，他注意到远处一个小男孩的身影。A. depended依靠；B. focused集中；C. carried携带；D. stepped踩，踏。根据下文“He saw a young man, bending (弯腰) and waving arms, dancing on the beach…”对这个年轻人的描述可知，此处指老人注意到一个年轻人，focus on集中注意力于，固定短语，故选B。 3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看到一个年轻人，弯着腰，挥舞着手臂，在沙滩上跳舞，毫无疑问，他在欢迎完美的一天即将开始。A. wonder奇迹，奇观；B. way道路，方法；C. doubt怀疑；D. problem问题。根据空前“a young man, bending (弯腰) and waving arms, dancing on the beach”可知，年轻人弯着腰，挥舞着手臂，在沙滩上跳舞，这无疑是在欢迎完美的一天即将开始，no doubt无疑，故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他走近时，他意识到那个年轻人不是在沙滩上跳舞，而是弯下腰，透过夜潮留下的东西，不时停下来捡起海星，然后站起来，把它扔回海里。A. remained逗留，留下；B. left离开；C. dreamed梦想；D. approached接近。上文“a small, far-away figure of a boy”提到老人远远看到一个男孩的身影，下文“he realized that the young man was not dancing on the beach, but rather bending to look through what was left by the night’s ____5____ ,”提到老人意识到年轻人不是在跳舞，而是在仔细查看着什么，说明老人走近了那个男孩，故选D。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. tide潮，潮汐；B. darkness黑暗；C. coldness寒冷，冷漠；D. water水。根据下文年轻人说的话“The tide has washed the starfish onto the beach(潮水把海星冲到了海滩上)”可知，他查看夜晚的潮汐在岸上留下的东西，故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. set设置；B. hold持有；C. take取，拿；D. pick挑选。根据“then standing, to throw it back into the ____7____ ”可知，他应是弯腰捡起海星然后扔回去，pick up捡起，故选D。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sea大海；B. pond池塘；C. lake湖；D. river河流。结合上文内容可知，老人和年轻人都是在海边，故是把海星扔回大海，下一段中“unless I put them back into the sea”也是提示，故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：老人问年轻人努力的目的是什么。A. purpose目的；B. excuse借口；C. mind头脑，大脑；D. imagination想象力。下文年轻人解释了捡海星扔回大海的原因，故此处老人询问他这样做的目的，故选A。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：年轻人回答说：“潮水把海星冲到海滩上了，它们不能自己回到海里去了。”A. dance跳舞；B. dive潜水；C. fly飞；D. return返回。根据下文“I put them back into the sea”可知，年轻人把海星扔回海里，说明海星被冲到岸上后无法返回大海，故选D。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当年轻人解释的时候，老人看着广阔的沙滩，沙滩向两个方向延伸，看不见。A. experiment实验；B. explanation解释；C. advice建议；D. cry哭声。上文年轻人向老人解释自己为什么这样做，故此处指当年轻人解释的时候，老人看着广阔的沙滩，故选B。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. legs腿；B. arms胳膊；C. directions方向；D. methods方法。根据“the old man looked at the wide beach”可知，老人看着广阔的沙滩，沙滩向两个方向延伸，故选C。 【12题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海星躺在岸边，似乎没有尽头。A. sleepy困倦的；B. careless粗心的；C. dangerous危险的；D. endless无止境的。根据上文“extending (延伸) in both ____11____ beyond eyesight”可知，沙滩似乎望不到尽头，故此处指岸上的海星似乎没有尽头，故选D。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年轻人的计划变得毫无希望，老人反驳道：“但是，在太阳升起之前，这海滩上的海星多得你根本救不了。”A. clear清楚的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. eager急切的；D. worried担心的。上文提到岸上的海星似乎看不到尽头，结合下文“the old man countered”可知，老人反对，说明在在他看来，年轻人的做法显然没什么作用，故选A。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你当然不能指望有所作用。A. sense意识；B. difference差别；C. effort努力；D. effect影响。根据上文“But there are more starfish on this beach than you can ever save before the sun has risen.(但在太阳升起之前，这片海滩上的海星是你救不了的)”可知，老人认为年轻人的做法起不了什么作用，make a difference起作用，有影响，下文“I made a difference to this one.(我对这一个有所影响)”也是提示，故选B。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年轻人停下来想了想这句话，弯腰捡起一只海星，尽可能远地扔了出去。A. probable可能的；B. likely可能的；C. necessary必要的；D. possible可能的。as far as possible尽可能，尽量，固定短语，符合句意，故选D。 语法填空 1. qualities 2. supportive 3. balancing 4. whom/that 5. with 6. to help 7. but 8. the 9. stronger 10. develops 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$