内容正文:
阅读理解精练(8)
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题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 得分
答案
A
阅读理解
主题
语境
人与社会新能源车助困 语篇
类型
说明文 词数 335 建议用时 8′ 正确率 /4
Currently,NewZealandsgovernment
announcesitwilhelppayforpoorerfamiG
liestoreplacetheiroldcarswithcleaner
hybrid(混合动力的)orelectricones.The
governmentsaysitplanstospend $357
miliononthetestprogram.
ThemoveispartofawiderplantoreG
ducegreenhousegasemissions(排放物).
Greenhousegasesare believedto cause
warmingtemperaturesintheEarthsatG
mosphere.New Zealandplanstoprovide
aidforbusinessestoreduceemissionsand
havebusesrunonenvironmentalysafefuG
elby2035.Thegovernmentalsoplansto
provide foodGwaste colection for most
homesby2030.
PrimeMinisterJacindaArdemsaidin
astatement,“WevealseentherecentreG
portsonsealevelriseanditsinfluence
righthereinNewZealand.Wecannotleave
theissueofclimatechangeuntilitstoo
latetofix.”TheplanisasteptowardNew
ZealandsstatedgoalofreachingnetGzero
(净零)carbonemissionsby2050.
Reaching netGzero emissions means
notcreatingmorecarbonintheatmosphere
thanoceansandforestscanremove.Ardern
saidthatreducingdependenceontraditionG
alfuelswouldhelpprotectfamiliesfrom
extremepriceincreases.Theplanalsosets
agoalofreducingtotalcartravelby20
percentoverthenext13years.TheproG
gramswilbepaidforfroma$2.8bilion
climateemergencyresponsefund.
Officialssaidthatovertime,money
colectedfrompoluterswouldpayforthe
programsratherthantaxesfromfamilies.
Somecriticsoftheplansayitcontinuedto
belessrestrictiveonNewZealandshuge
agricultureindustry.Agriculture creates
morethanhalfofthenationstotalgreenG
housegasemissions.ButitisalsoimporG
tanttotheeconomyasthenationsbiggest
exportearner.
DavidSeymouristheleaderofNew
ZealandsACTpoliticalparty.Hesaidthat
some ofthe announced programs were
proventobeineffectiveandhadbeentried
andfailedoverseas.Seymouraddedthat
peopleshouldbeabletochoosehowthey
reduceemissionsthroughthemarketGbased
emissionstradingplan.
1.Whatdoes New Zealand government
plantodo?
A.Increasedependenceontraditional
fuels.
B.ReduceexpenseonfoodGwastecolecG
tion.
C.OfferbusinesseshelptolessenemisG
sions.
D.Buycarsforfamiliesanddoublecar
travel.
2.WhatdoesJacindaArdemsuggestdoing
abouttheclimatechange?
A.Observingthesealevelrise.
B.Publishingtherecentreports.
C.Dealingwiththeissueinstantly.
D.Raisingemergencyresponsefunds.
3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A.Themovehasagoalofreducingthe
useofbuses.
B.Agricultureplaysavitalpartinthe
nationseconomy.
C.Theannouncedprogramswil beapG
pliedinternationaly.
D.AchievingnetGzeroemissions means
creatingnocarbonatal.
4.Whatis DavidSeymoursattitudetoG
wardstheprograms?
A.Tolerant. B.Unclear.
C.Favorable. D.Doubtful.
22
英语
B
阅读理解
主题
语境
人与自我“决策疲劳” 语篇
类型
说明文 词数 307 建议用时 8′ 正确率 /4
Ifyouveeverstartedasentencewith,
“IfIwereyou...”orfoundyourselfscratcG
hingyourheadatacoleaguesheadache
overadecisionwhentheansweriscrystalG
clear,theresascientificreasonbehindit.
OurowndecisionGmakingabilitiescanbeG
comedeclinedoverthecourseoftheday
causingindecision or poorchoices,but
choosingonbehalfofsomeoneelseisan
enjoyabletaskthatdoesntsufferthesame
trouble.
Theproblemis“decisionfatigue”,a
psychological phenomenon that greatly
damagesthequalityofyourchoicesaftera
longdayofdecision making,saysEvan
Polman,aleadingpsychologist.
Physicianswhohavebeenonthejob
forseveralhours,forexample,aremore
likelytoprescribeantibiotics(抗生素)to
patientswhenitsunwisetodoso.“PreG
sumablyitsbecauseitssimpleandeasyto
writeaprescriptionandconsiderapatient
caseclosed ratherthaninvestigatefurG
ther,”Polmansays.
Butdecisionfatiguegoesawaywhen
youaremakingthedecisionforsomeone
else.Whenpeopleimaginethemselvesas
advisersandimaginetheirownchoicesas
belongingtosomeoneelse,theyfeelless
tiredandrelylessondecisionshortcutsto
makethosechoices.“Bytakinguponthe
roleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,
onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdeG
cisionfatigue,”hesays.“Itsasiftheres
somethingfunandliberatingaboutmaking
someoneelseschoice.”
GettinginputfromothersnotonlyofG
fers a fresh perspective and thought
process;it often also includes riskier
choices.Whilethissoundsundesirable,it
canbequitegood,saysPolman.“When
peopleexperiencedecisionfatigue—when
they aretired of making choices—they
haveatendencytochoosetogowiththe
statusquo,”hesays.“ButitcanbeprobG
lematic,sinceachangeinthecourseofacG
tioncansometimesbeimportantandlead
toapositiveoutcome.”
5.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutPeople
makingdecisions?
A.Theybecomeexhaustedwhenmaking
toomanydecisionsforthemselves.
B.TheyaremorecautiousinmakingdeG
cisionsfor others than for themG
selves.
C.Theyaremorelikelyto makedeciG
sionsin the way advantageousto
themselves.
D.Theyshowconsiderablevariationsin
theirdecisionGmakingcompetence.
6.Whydoestheauthormention “physiG
cians”inParagraph3?
A.Toexplainaprinciple.
B.Toindicateafact.
C.Toclarifyaconcept.
D.Toilustrateaprediction.
7.WhatarepeoplelikelytodowhendeciG
sionfatiguesetsin?
A.Turntophysiciansforadvice.
B.Makeriskydecisions.
C.Adoptatotalynewperspective.
D.Resisttryingsomethingnew.
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase “the
statusquo”inParagraph5referto?
A.Thedecisionfatigue.
B.Theexistingsituation.
C.Thedifferentchoice.
D.Thepositiveoutcome.
32
第一部分 题型分类练
C
阅读理解
主题
语境
人与社会模仿与创新
语篇
类型
议论文 词数 350 建议用时 9′ 正确率 /4
Blindimitation(模仿)isselfGdestrucG
tion.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheir
uniqueworth,imitationappearsattractive;
tothosewhoknowtheirstrength,imitaG
tionisunacceptable.
Intheearlystagesofskilorcharacter
development,imitationishelpful.WhenI
firstlearnedtocook,Iusedrecipes(菜谱)
andturnedoutsometastydishes.Butsoon
Igrewbored.Whyfolowsomeoneelses
wayofcooking whenIcouldcreate my
own? Imitatingrole modelsislikeusing
trainingwheelsonachildsbicycle;they
helpyougetgoing,butonceyoufindyour
ownbalance,youflyfasterandfarther
withoutrelyingonthem.
Indailylife,imitationcanhurtusif
wesubconsciously (下意识地)holdpoor
rolemodels.If,asachild,youobserved
peoplewhoseliveswerebad,youmayhave
acceptedtheirfearandpainasnormaland
goneontofolowwhattheydid.Ifyoudo
notmakestrongchoicesforyourself,you
wilgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesof
others.Inthefieldofentertainment,our
culture glorifies celebrities.Those stars
lookgreatonscreen.Butwhentheystep
offscreen,theirpersonallivesmaybedisG
astrous.IfyouaregoingtofolowsomeG
one,focusontheirtalent,nottheirbad
characterorunacceptablebehaviors.
Blessedisthepersonwilingtoacton
theirsudden desiretocreatesomething
unique.Thinkofthemovies,books,teachG
ers,andfriendsthathaveaffected you
mostdeeply.Theytouched you because
theircreationsweremotivatedbyinspiraG
tionnotdesperation.Theworldischanged
notbythosewhodowhathasbeendone
beforethem,butbythosewhodo what
hasbeendoneinsidethem.Creativepeople
havean endlessresource ofideas.The
problemacreatorfacesisnotrunningout
ofmaterial;itiswhattodowiththemateG
rialknockingatthedoorofimagination.
Studyyourrole models,acceptthe
giftstheyhavegiven,andleavebehind
whatdoesnotserveyou.Thenyoucan
say,“Istand ontheshoulders of my
ancestorstragediesand declarevictory,
andknowthattheyarecheeringon.”
9.Imitationprovesusefulwhenyou .
A.knowyouareunique
B.losethebalanceoflife
C.begintolearnsomethingnew
D.gettiredofroutinepractice
10.Accordingtotheauthor,theworldmoves
onbecauseofthosewhoare .
A.desperatetoinfluenceothers with
theirknowledge
B.readytoturntheiroriginalideas
intoreality
C.eagertodiscoverwhattheirancesG
torsdid
D.wilingtoacceptothersideas
11.Thetroubleacreatorfacesis .
A.thelackofstrongmotivation
B.theabsenceofpracticalideas
C.howtosearchformorematerials
D.howtouseimaginationcreatively
12.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwriting
thispassage?
A.TohighlighttheimportanceofcreaG
tivity.
B.Tocriticizethecharactersofrole
models.
C.Tocompareimitationwithcreation.
D.Toexplainthemeaningofsuccess.
42
英语
medicalfacilities.The hubs wil reducethe
walkingdistancesrequiredofresidents,while
thehomesaredenselyspacedtopromoteaconG
nectedcommunity.(中心 区 域 被 一 系 列 的‘枢
纽’所包围,每个枢纽都致力于教育、娱乐和医
疗设施.这些枢纽将减少居民 所 需 的 步 行 距
离,而住宅的密集间隔则促进了一个相互联系
的社区.)”可知,这些枢纽将减少居民所需的步
行距离,说明这些枢纽是紧密相连的.]
6.D [推理判断题.根据倒数第二段“‘ThecreaG
tionofsustainablecitiesthatfolowthehighest
standardsoflivingwithlowestimpactonthe
environmentisnolongerachoice,ithasbeG
comeanecessity,’BaharshBagherian,theCEO
ofURB,said,‘TheheartofXZEROisthe
uniqueresilient(弹 性 的)landscape,whichis
multifunctional and designed to promote
health,welbeingandbiodiversity.’(URB首席
执行官 BaharshBagherian说:‘创造可持续发
展的城市,遵循最高的生活标准,对环境的影响
最小,这已不再是一种选择,它 已 成 为 一 种 必
要.XZERO的核心是独特的弹性景观,它是多
功能的,旨在促进健康、福祉和生物多样性.’)”
可知,BaharshBagherian的言论表明,XZERO
的核心理念是独特的弹性景观,旨在促进健康、
幸福和生物多样性,因 此 可 以 推 断 出 XZERO
既能给人类带来益处,也有利于环境保护.]
7.C [推理判断题.根据第二段“DubbedXZEG
RO,theplannedsustainablecommunityinKuG
waitwouldprovideanetzerocarbonlifestyle
for100,000residents,inbalancewithnature.
Alfacilitiesandhomeswilbepoweredby100
percentrenewableenergyandwilrecycleal
theirwaterwithsmartwatersystem.(这个计
划中的可持续社区被称为 XZERO,它将为10
万居民提供一种与自然平衡的零碳生活方式.
所有的设施和家庭都将由100%的可再生能源
供电,并将通过智能供水系统回收所有的水.)”
以及 第 四 段 “The1,600hectaredevelopment
wilprovide30,000residentialunits,aswelas
30,000greenjobs.(这个占地1600公顷的开
发项目将提供3万个住宅单元,以及3万个绿
色就业岗位.)”和最后一段“XZERO wilproG
motesustainabletourismthroughitsvarious
ecoGfriendly hospitality assets,including a
5Gstar ecoGresort and ecoGlodges.‘EdutainG
ment’(寓教于乐型)facilitiessuchastheutility
parkandnatureconservationcenterareexpecG
tedtotransformthecityintoauniquevisitor
attraction.(XZERO 将通过其各种环保酒店资
产,包括五星级生态度假村和生态小屋,促进可
持续旅游.‘寓教于乐’的设施,如公用事业公
园和自然保护中心,预计将把城市变成一个独
特的旅游景点.)”可知,XZERO 是一个可持续
的城市,旨在实现低碳生活,改善居民的生活质
量,同时促进绿色经济的发展.该项目预计将
创造3万个绿色工作岗位,成为一个独特的旅
游景点,对城市和人类生活产生深远的影响.]
C.[语篇解读] 这是一篇议论文.主要论述了我
们在注重自己外貌的同时,更应该注重自身内在
的价值.
8.C [推理判断题.根据第二段中“Manypeople
havebecomevictimsoftheirownuncontrolaG
bleaddictiontomakeGup.Somehavespenttoo
muchtimein‘caking’theirfaces.”可推知,作
者用莎士比亚的话来表明很多人都太过依赖化
妆品的这种现象.]
9.A [推理判断题.根据第三段中“Peopleare
beautiful...inthewaytheyare.”和第四段中
“Beautybeginsthemomentyoudecidetobe
yourself.”可知,这两段主要讲了美在于内在,
真正 的 美 是 做 自 己.Heisonlybrightthat
shinesbyhimself.意为“真正的漂亮靠自身的
光彩.”符合文章意思.]
10.B [细节理解题.根据第五段中“Goodlooks
andprettyfacesmightattractpeopletous,but
virtueandcharacterwilkeeptherightpeople
aroundus.”可知.]
11.D [标题判断题.通读全文可知,本文主要论
述了人不应该只注重外在美,更应该注重自我
价值的发掘和实现,再结合第一段中总结性的
话 “So,tryto pay moreattentionto your
‘brain’thantoyour‘face’.”可知.]
阅读理解精练(8)
A.[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.目前,新西兰
政府宣布,政府将帮助较贫困的家庭用更清洁的
混合动力或电动汽车来替换他们的旧车.政府计
划在测试项目上投入3.57亿美元.
1.C [细节理解题.根据第二段中的“NewZealG
andplanstoprovideaidforbusinessestoreG
duceemissions...”可知,新西兰政府计划为企
业减排提供帮助.]
2.C [细节理解题.根据第三段中的新西兰总理
JacindaArdem 所说的“WecannotleavetheisG
sueofclimatechangeuntilitstoolatetofix.”
可知,JacindaArdem 建议要立即处理气候变化
问题.]
3.B [推理判断题.根据倒数第二段中的“AgriG
culturecreatesmorethanhalfofthenations
totalgreenhousegasemissions.Butitisalso
importanttotheeconomyasthenationsbigG
gestexportearner.”可知,农业排放的温室气体
量占该国温室气体总排放量的一半以上.但农
业作为该国最大的出口收入来源,对经济的发
展也起着重要作用.由此可推断,农业在该国
经济中起着至关重要的作用.]
08
英语
4.D [观点态度题.根据最后一段中的“Hesaid
thatsomeoftheannounced programs were
proventobeineffectiveandhadbeentriedand
failedoverseas.”可知,在已经宣布的项目中,有
一些项目被证明是无效的,人们在海外已经尝
试使用过它们,但都失败了.由此可见,David
Seymour对这些项目持怀疑的态度.]
B.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.主要介绍的
是“决策疲劳”这种心理现象.
5.A [推理判断题.结合第一段的“OurowndeG
cisionGmaking abilities can become declined
overthecourseofthedaycausingindecisionor
poorchoices,butchoosingonbehalfofsomeG
oneelseisanenjoyabletaskthatdoesntsuffer
thesametrouble.(我们自己的决策能力可能会
在一天的过程中下降,导致优柔寡断或糟糕的
选择,但代表别人选择是一项愉快的任务,不会
遭受同样的麻烦.)”和第二段的“Theproblem
is‘decisionfatigue’,apsychologicalphenomeG
nonthatgreatlydamagesthequalityofyour
choicesafteralongdayofdecisionmaking(问
题在于‘决策疲劳’是一种心理现象,它会在漫
长的一天决策之后,极大地损害你做出的选择
的质量)”可知,当为自己做太多决定时,人们会
感到疲惫.]
6.C [推理判断题.结合第二段中的“TheprobG
lemis‘decisionfatigue’,apsychologicalpheG
nomenonthatgreatlydamagesthequalityof
yourchoicesafteralongdayofdecisionmakG
ing(问题在于‘决策疲劳’是一种心理现象,它会
在漫长的一天决策之后,极大地损害你做出的
选择的质量)”和第三段的“Physicianswhohave
beenonthejobforseveralhours,forexample,
aremorelikelytoprescribeantibiotics(抗 生
素)topatientswhenitsunwisetodoso.(例
如,工作了几个小时的医生更有可能给病人开
抗生素,因为这样做是不明智的.)”可知,作者
在第三段提到“医生”是为了澄清前面讲的“决
策疲劳”的概念.]
7.D [细节理解题.根据最后一段中的“When
peopleexperiencedecisionfatigue—whenthey
aretiredofmakingchoices—theyhaveatendG
encytochoosetogowiththestatusquo(当人
们感到 决 策 疲 劳 时———当 他 们 厌 倦 做 出 选 择
时———他们倾向于选择顺应现状)”可知,当人
们开始感到决策疲劳时,他们可能会拒绝尝试
新事物.]
8.B [词句猜测题.根据最后一段的“WhenpeoG
pleexperiencedecisionfatigue—whentheyare
tiredofmakingchoices(当人们感到决策疲劳
时———当他们厌倦做出选择时)”“Butitcanbe
problematic,sinceachangeinthecourseofacG
tioncansometimesbeimportantandleadtoa
positiveoutcome.(但这可能会带来问题,因为
行动过程中的改变有时很重要,会带来积极的
结果)”可知,划线部分所在句子表示“他们倾向
于选择顺应现状”,因此thestatusquo意为“现
状”,即theexistingsituation.]
C.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文.文章讨论了
要创新,不要盲目模仿.
9.C [细节理解题.根据第二段中的“IntheearG
lystagesofskilorcharacterdevelopment,imiG
tationishelpful.(在技能或性格发展的早期阶
段,模仿是有帮助的.)”以及下文所举的例子可
知,当你开始学习新东西时,模 仿 被 证 明 是 有
用的.]
10.B [细节理解题.根据第四段中的“Blessedis
thepersonwilingtoactontheirsuddendesire
tocreatesomethingunique.ThinkofthemovG
ies,books,teachers,andfriendsthathaveafG
fectedyoumostdeeply.TheytouchedyoubeG
causetheircreationsweremotivatedbyinspiraG
tionnotdesperation.(有福的人是愿意按照他
们突然的渴望去创造一些独特的东西.想想那
些对你影响最深的电影、书籍、老师和朋友.他
们之所以能够打动你是因为他们的创作是基于
灵感而不是绝望.)”可知,根据作者的观点,世
界因为那些准备把他们的原始想法变成现实的
人而前进.]
11.D [细节理解题.根据第四段中的“Creative
peoplehaveanendlessresourceofideas.The
problemacreatorfacesisnotrunningoutof
material;itis whattodo withthe material
knockingatthedoorofimagination.(有创造力
的人有无穷无尽的想法.创作者面临的问题不
是没有素材;它是关于如何处理敲着想象之门
的材料.)”可知,创造者面临的问题是如何创造
性地运用想象力.]
12.A [推理判断题.根据第一段“BlindimitaG
tion(模仿)isselfGdestruction.Tothosewhodo
notrecognizetheiruniqueworth,imitationapG
pears attractive;to those who know their
strength,imitationisunacceptable.(盲目模仿
是自我毁灭.对于那些认不出自己独特价值的
人来说,模仿显得很有吸引力;对于那些知道自
己实力的人来说,模仿是不可接受的.)”及下文
论述可知,文章的主要目的是强调要创新,不要
盲目模仿.]
七选五精练(1)
A.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了
一些园艺基本方法给初学者.
1.D [根据上文“Gardeningisapowerfuloutlet
forcreativity...isalsoaninvaluableformof
exercise.”可知,园艺有助于发挥创造力,让你
与大自然保持联系,也是一种宝贵的锻炼方式.
这些都是园艺对人的种种好处的具体阐释.因
此 D项(简而言之,园艺对身心都有益)总结上
文,符合语境.]
2.F [根据上文“Whateveryouregrowing,ferG
tilesoilisthekey.Investinginrichsoilinitialy
createsasuitableenvironment.”可知,无 论 种
什么,肥沃的土壤都是关键.在肥沃的土壤上
开始园艺会给植物创造一个合适的环境.下文
应具体阐释肥沃的土壤的作用.F 项(它促进
根系发育,为植物生长提供营养)承接上文,符
合语境,其中的It指代上文的richsoil.]
18
参考答案