内容正文:
阅读理解精练(2)
打卡日期: 建议用时:25分钟 满分30分 答案链接P74
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 得分
答案
A
阅读理解
主题
语境
人与社会如何
维持人际关系
语篇
类型
说明文 词数 316 建议用时 8′ 正确率 /4
Whenromanticpartnersargueover
thingslikefinances,jealousy,orotherinG
terpersonalissues,theytendtoemploy
theircurrentfeelingsasfuelforaheated
argument.Butthinkingaboutthefuture
helpsovercomerelationshipconflicts,acG
cordingtoaUniversityofWaterloostudy
justpublishedonlineinSocialPsychologiG
calandPersonalityScience.AlexHuynh,
adoctoralcandidateinpsychology,isthe
leadauthorofthestudy,whichhepubG
lishedwithIgorGrossmannfromtheUniG
versityofWaterloo,andDanielYangfrom
YaleUniversity.
Previous research has shown that
thirdGperspectivereasoningcanbeaposiG
tivestrategyforreconciliation(调解)ofinG
terpersonalstruggles.HuynhandhiscolG
laborators investigated whether similar
benefitscanbeinducedbysimplythinking
aboutthefuture.Studyparticipantswere
instructedtoreflectonarecentconflict
witharomanticpartneroraclosefriend.
Onegroupofparticipantswerethenasked
todescribehowtheywouldfeelaboutthe
conflictoneyearinthefuture,whileanG
othergroup wasaskedtodescribehow
theyfeelinthepresent.
TheteamexaminedparticipantswritG
tenresponsesthroughatextGanalysisproG
gramfortheiruseofpronouns—suchasI,
me,she,he.Thesechoicesofpronouns
wereusedtocaptureparticipantsfocuson
thefeelingsand behaviourofthoseinG
volvedintheconflict.Writtenresponses
werealsoexaminedforforgivenessandreG
interpretingtheconflict morepositively,
bothofwhichimpliedtheparticipantsuse
ofreasoningstrategies.
TheresearchersfoundthatenvisioG
ning(展 望)futurerelationshipaffected
bothparticipantsfocusontheirfeelingsand
theirreasoningstrategies.Asaresult,particiG
pantsreportedmorepositivityabouttheirrelaG
tionshipaltogether,especialywhenstudyparG
ticipantsextendedtheirthinkingaboutthe
relationshipayearintothefuture.
“OurstudydemonstratesthatadopG
tingafutureGoriented perspectiveinthe
contextofarelationshipconflict—reflecG
tingonhow one mightfeelayearfrom
now—maybeavaluablecopingtoolfor
onespsychologicalhappinessandrelationG
shipwelGbeing,”saidHuynh.
1.Whatdoromanticpartnersdointheface
ofmostdisagreements?
A.Theylosefaithintheirfuture.
B.Theylookforwardtoafierceconflict.
C.Theyfocusontheirpresentfeelings.
D.TheycaremoreaboutfinancialprobG
lems.
2.Whatdoestheunderlined word “inG
duced”in Paragraph2 mostprobably
mean?
A.Explained. B.Caused.
C.Reduced. D.Improved.
3.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?
A.Thereasoningstrategiesinparticipants
writtenresponseswerewel worthyof
note.
B.StudyparticipantsdescribedtheirreG
centrelationship withtheirromance
partnersorfriends.
C.A textGanalysis program was emG
ployedtoexamineparticipantsuseof
negativewords.
D.Al thestudyparticipantsdescribed
howtheyfeltbothinthepresentand
inthefuture.
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?
A.YouHaveaYeartoSolveYourInterG
personalProblems!
B.Beneficial Reasoning Is a Positive
StrategyforReconciliation!
C.YourCurrentFeelingsAretheRealCause
ofYourHeatedArguments!
D.ThinkingAbouttheFutureIsEssenG
tialforRelationshipMaintenance!
4
英语
B
阅读理解
主题
语境
人与自然保护考拉和
其他动物采取的措施
语篇
类型
说明文 词数 340 建议用时 8′ 正确率 /4
LucywassavedinNewSouthWales,
Australia,twoyearsago.ShewassufferG
ingfromchlamydia,adiseasewidespread
amongkoalas.Today,sheisoneofthe
luckyanimalslivingintreecorridors (走
廊)thathavebeencreatedtoprotectkoalas
andotheranimalsbysavingtheirquicklyreG
ducinghabitats,ornaturalenvironment.
Thecorridors,plantedbythelocal
protection group Bangalow Koalas,are
madeupoflargesystemsofplants.They
arealifelineforkoalasandotheranimals.
Al ofthem areatriskofbecomingexG
tinct.Thecorridorsprovideasafepath
acrossthekoalasincreasinglybrokenhome.
ThispermitsincreasedgeneticmixingandproG
tectionfromhumanthreats(威胁).
“Ourcorridorsareactualytryingto
getthemawayfrom humans,fromcars,
fromdogs,”saidLindaSparrow,president
of Bangalow Koalas.“They can safely
moveacrossthelandscapeanddonothave
toputupwithushumans.”
Thekoalaisthoughttobeextinctin
thewildin New South Walesby2050.
SomeofthebiggestthreatsincludewildG
firesandhabitatlossthroughlandclearing
fordevelopment.Koalashavealreadybeen
announcedendangeredinseveralAustralG
ianstates.
Foundedin2019,Bangalow Koalas
hasplantedover336,000trees,helping
withkoalaprotectionandimprovingtheloG
calecosystem.Thegroup,whosemembers
dependoncommunityvolunteers,aimsto
plant500,000treesby2025.
“Oneneighborwould wanttojoinand
thenanotherneighborwilwanttojoin,”SparG
rowsaid,describingtheincreaseinthenumber
ofpeopletakingpartinthegroup.
Volunteer Lindy Stacker,who has
beenplantingtreesforoverfiveyears,said
theactivityisgoodformentalhealthand
hasbroughtthecommunitytogether.
A recentreport by the Australian
Koala Foundation said the animal was
worthabout$3.2bilionperyeartothe
tourismindustry.However,theWorldWildlife
FundGAustraliareportedaboutdropsinkoala
populationsinAustralianstates,witha50perG
centdropin Queenslandanda62percent
dropinNewSouthWalessince2001.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”
inParagraph3referto?
A.Animals. B.Threats.
C.Wildfires. D.Plants.
6.WhatcanbelearntaboutBangalowKoaG
las?
A.Itsmembersarevolunteersfromthe
community.
B.IthelpsanimalslivetogetherwithhuG
mans.
C.ItfacesdifficultygettingenoughsupG
porters.
D.Ithasachieveditsfinalgoal.
7.Whatdoweknowfromthereportofthe
AustralianKoalaFoundation?
A.Thebrightfutureofkoalas.
B.Thechalengeofprotectingkoalas.
C.Thetourismvalueofkoalas.
D.Thementalbenefitofplantingtrees.
8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.ThePopulationofAustraliasKoalas
IsRising
B.KoalasSeriouslyDamagedHabitats
C.WildfiresandDevelopmentThreatenKoalas
D.GrowingPlantstoSaveAustraliasKoalas
5
第一部分 题型分类练
C
阅读理解
主题
语境
人与自我机器人新技术 语篇
类型
说明文 词数 316 建议用时 9′ 正确率 /4
Toeffectivelyinteractwithhumansin
crowdedsocialsettings,suchas mals,
hospitals,andotherpublicspaces,robots
shouldbeabletoactively participatein
both group and oneGtoGoneinteractions.
Mostexistingrobots,however,havebeen
foundtoperform muchbetterwhencomG
municatingwithindividualusersthanwith
groupsofconversinghumans.HoomanHeG
dayatiandDanielSzafir,tworesearchersat
University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hil,haverecentlydevelopedanewdataG
driventechniquethatcouldimprovehow
robotscommunicate with groupsofhuG
mans.
Oneofthereasonswhymanyrobots
occasionalymisbehavewhileparticipating
inagroupconversationisthattheiractions
heavilyrelyondatacolectedbytheirsenG
sors.Sensors,however,areprone(易于遭
受)toerrors,andcansometimesbedisG
turbedbysuddenmovementsandobstacles
intherobotssurroundings.
“Iftherobotscameraismaskedbyan
obstacleforasecond,therobotmightnot
seethatperson,andasaresult,itignores
theuser,”Hedayatiexplained.“Basedon
myexperience,usersfindthesemisbehavG
iorsdisturbing.Thekeygoalofourrecent
projectwastohelprobotsdetectandpreG
dictthepositionofanundetectedperson
withintheconversationalgroup.”
ThetechniquedevelopedbyHedayati
andSzafirwastrainedonaseriesofexistG
ingdatasets.Byanalyzingthepositionsof
otherspeakersinagroup,itcanaccurately
predictthepositionofanundetecteduser.
Inthefuture,thenewapproachcould
helptoenhancetheconversationalabilities
ofbothexistingandnewlydevelopedroG
bots.Thismightinturnmakethemeasier
toserveinlargepublicspaces,including
mals,hospitals,andotherpublicplaces.
“Thenextstepforuswil betoimprove
thegazebehaviorofrobotsinaconversaG
tionalgroup.PeoplefindrobotswithabetG
tergazebehaviormoreinteligent.Wewant
toimprovethegazebehaviorofrobotsand
make the humanGrobot conversational
groupmoreenjoyableforhumans.”HedaG
yatisaid.
9.WhatisthetechniquedevelopedbyHeG
dayatiandSzafirbasedon?
A.Data. B.Cameras.
C.Existingrobots.D.Socialsettings.
10.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParaG
graph2?
A.Theworkingprocedureofrobots.
B.Theabilityofrobotstocommunicate.
C.Theexperienceoftheresearchers.
D.Theshortcomingsofexistingrobots.
11.Whatwilhappenifarobotscamerais
blocked?
A.Itwilstopworking.
B.Itwilbreakdown.
C.Itwilabuseitsuser.
D.Itwil misbehave.
12.WhatdoweknowaboutthenewdataG
driventechnique?
A.Itisconsideredafailure.
B.Ithasbeenusedinmals.
C.Itgetssatisfactoryresult.
D.Itonlyworkswithnewrobots.
6
英语
阅读理解精练(2)
A.[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.思考未来关
系,克服人际关系冲突,保持长远目光.
1.C [细节理解题.根据第一段中的“WhenroG
mantic partners argue over thingslike fiG
nances,jealousy,orotherinterpersonalisG
sues,theytendtoemploytheircurrentfeelings
asfuelforaheatedargument.”可知,面对大多
数分歧时,大部分恋人注重当时的感受.]
2.B [词义猜测题.根据画线词上文“Previous
researchhasshownthatthirdGperspectivereaG
soningcanbeapositivestrategyforreconciliaG
tion(调解)ofinterpersonalstruggles.”可 知,
先前的研究已经表明,第三视角的理性观点是
一种积极的人际矛盾调解策略;结合倒数第二
段描述的研究结果“Asaresult,participantsreG
portedmorepositivityabouttheirrelationship
altogether”可推知,画线词所在的句意为:uynh
和他的合作者调查了仅仅通过简单地思考未来
是否就能产生类似的好处.induce意为“导致,
引起”.]
3.A [推理判断题.根据第三段中的“Written
responseswerealsoexaminedforforgiveness
andreinterpretingtheconflictmorepositively,
bothofwhichimpliedtheparticipantsuseof
reasoningstrategies.”可知,参与者书面回答中
的宽恕度和正面重述都表明了参与者使用了推
理策略,由此可以推知,参与者书面回答中的推
理策略很值得注意.]
4.D [标题归纳题.根据文章第一段中的“But
thinkingaboutthefuturehelpsovercomerelaG
tionshipconflicts,accordingtoaUniversityof
WaterloostudyjustpublishedonlineinSocial
PsychologicalandPersonalityScience.”和 最
后一段“Ourstudydemonstratesthatadopting
afutureGorientedperspectiveinthecontextofa
relationship conflict—reflecting on how one
mightfeelayearfromnow—maybeavaluable
copingtoolforonespsychologicalhappiness
andrelationshipwelGbeing...”可知,文章主要
介绍了一项研究,研究结果表明,思考未来关系
有助于解决人际关系冲突.D 项“考虑未来对
维持 人 际 关 系 至 关 重 要”最 适 合 作 为 文 章
标题.]
B.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介
绍了考拉面临的生存威胁、当地保护组织 BangaG
lowKoalas为了保护考拉和其他动物而采取的措
施———种植树廊,以及树廊对于考拉保护的 重
要性.
5.A [词 句 猜 测 题.根 据 文 章 画 线 单 词 上 文
“TheyarealifelineforkoalasandotheraniG
mals.AlofthemareatriskofbecomingexG
tinct.Thecorridorsprovideasafepathacross
thekoalasincreasinglybrokenhome.ThisperG
mitsincreasedgenetic mixingandprotection
fromhumanthreats(威胁).(它们是考拉和其
他动物的生命线.它们都有灭绝的危险.这些
走廊为考拉日益破碎的家园提供了一条安全的
通道.这允许增加基因混合和保护免受人类威
胁.)”可知,这些树廊保护动物免受人类威胁.
再根据画线单词所在句“OurcorridorsareactuG
alytryingto getthem awayfrom humans
(我们的走廊实际上是在努力让它们远离人类)”
可推测,这里的“them”指的是上文提到的动物.]
6.A [细节理解题.根据文章第五段“Founded
in2019,Bangalow Koalas has planted over
336,000trees,helping withkoalaprotection
andimprovingthelocalecosystem.Thegroup,
whosemembersdependoncommunityvolunG
teers,aimstoplant500,000treesby2025.
(BangalowKoalas成立于2019年,种植了超过
336万棵树,帮助保护考拉,改善当地生态系
统.该组织的成员依靠社区志愿者,目标是到
2025年种植50万棵树.)”可知,BangalowKoaG
las的成员是来自社区的志愿者.]
7.C [细节理解题.根据文章最后一段“Arecent
reportbytheAustralianKoalaFoundationsaid
theanimalwasworthabout$32bilionperyear
tothetourismindustry.(澳大利亚考拉基金会最
近的一份报告称,考拉每年给旅游业带来的价
值约为32亿美元.)”可知,考拉每年为旅游业
带来约32亿美元的收入,这直接体现了考拉的
旅游价值.]
8.D [主旨大意题.根据文章第五段“Founded
in2019,Bangalow Koalas hasplanted over
336,000trees,helping withkoalaprotection
andimprovingthelocalecosystem.Thegroup,
whosemembersdependoncommunityvolunG
teers,aimstoplant500,000treesby2025.
(BangalowKoalas成立于2019年,种植了超过
336万棵树,帮助保护考拉,改善当地生态系
统.该组织的成员依靠社区志愿者,目标是到
2025年种植50万棵树.)”以及全文内容可知,
文章主要讲述了当地组织 Bangalow Koalas通
过种植树廊来保护考拉和其他动物.]
C.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.文章介绍研
究人员正在开发一种新技术,可以使机器人在同
时与很多人交流时能应付自如.
9.A [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 第 一 段 中 “Hooman
HedayatiandDanielSzafir,tworesearchersat
UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHil,
haverecently developed a new dataGdriven
techniquethatcouldimprovehowrobotscomG
municatewithgroupsofhumans.(北卡罗来纳
大学教堂山分校的两名研究人员胡曼海达亚
蒂和丹尼尔扎菲尔最近开发了一种新的数据
驱动技术,可以改善机器人与人类群体的交流
方式.)”可知,这项新技术是以数据为基础的.]
10.D [主旨大意题.根据第二段“许多机器人在
参与群体对话时偶尔会做出错误行为的原因
之一是,它们的行为严重依赖于传感器收集的
数据.但是传感器容易出错,有时会被机器人
周围的突然运动和障碍物干扰.”可知,第二段
主要介绍了现有机器人的缺点,容易出错.]
47
英语
11.D [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 第 三 段 中 “Ifthe
robotscameraismaskedbyanobstaclefora
second,therobotmightnotseethatperson,
andasaresult,itignorestheuser(如果机器
人的摄像头被障碍物遮挡了一秒钟,机器人可
能就看不到那个人,结果就会忽略 用 户)”和
“Basedon myexperience,usersfindthese
misbehaviorsdisturbing.(根据我的经验,用户
会觉得这些不当行为令人不安.)”可知,当机
器人的摄像头被阻挡后,它们会做 出 不 当 的
行为.]
12.C [推理判断题.根据第四段中“Hedayati和
Szafir开发的这项技术是在一系列现有的数据
集上训练的.通过分析一组中其他讲话者的
位置,可以准确预测未被发现用户的位置”可
推知,这项技术已经得到了令人满意的结果.]
阅读理解精练(3)
A.[语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文.宠物表达想法
的行为表现.
1.A [细节理解题.根据“Feedme.”部分中的
“Apuppylearnstolickhismothersmouthto
getalittleleftoverfood.SoSpotisntkissing
you;hejustwantsasnack.”可知,小狗亲吻它
的主人是想要告诉主人它饿了.]
2.B [细节理解题.根据第二段提到的 dog,第
三段提到的cat和birds可知,文中一共提到三
种宠物.]
3.C [根据“Imstressed.”部分中的“Birdsalso
overcleanwhentheyfeelanxious.SomewileG
vendragouttheirownfeathers.”可知,当鸟感
到焦虑时,它们会过度清洁羽毛,有些鸟甚至会
拔自己的羽毛.]
B.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲
述了蒂娜莱弗顿因为年少时家里比较贫穷,所
以无法实现她的舞蹈梦.62岁时她开始学习芭蕾
舞,虽然遇到了一些困难,但是她坚持了下来,而
且芭蕾舞给她带来了很多的变化.
4.D [推理判断题.根据第二段最后两句话“As
Icameinthedoor,Ifoundabigsmileonmy
face.From the minuteIstarted,Ifeltlike
cominghome.(当我进门时,我发现我的脸上露
出了笑容.从我开始上课的那一刻起,我就感
觉像回家了.)”可推知,莱弗顿上第一节芭蕾舞
课时感觉很兴奋.]
5.A [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 第 三 段 第 二、三 句 话
“Sadly,herparentscouldntaffordbaletclasG
ses,fortheywerefirstGgenerationIndianimmiG
grants,strugglingtomakealivingintheUK.
HerfatherwasatraindriverontheunderG
groundin Londonandher motherheldtwo
cleaningjobs.(可悲地是,她的父母负担不起芭
蕾舞课的费用,因为他们是第一代印度移民,在
英国艰难谋生.她的父亲是伦敦地铁的火车司
机,母亲做过两份清洁工作.)”可知,莱弗顿小
时候家境贫寒,父母的收入也不高,所以导致她
小时候不能学跳舞.]
6.C [细 节 理 解 题.根 据 最 后 一 段 第 五 句 话
“Dancinghasalsobroughtnewfriends.(跳舞
也带 来 了 新 朋 友.)”以 及 倒 数 第 二 句 话“And
then,ofcourse,thereisthejoyfulfeeling.(当
然,还有快乐的感觉.)”可知,芭蕾舞给莱弗顿
带来了很多的朋友和乐趣.]
7.B [推理判断题.根据文章内容可知,62岁时
莱弗顿开始学习跳芭蕾舞,虽然遇到了一些困
难,但是她坚持了下来,而且芭蕾舞给她带来了
很多的变化.她交了很多新朋友,而且从中获
得了很多的乐趣.由此可推知,我们可以从莱
弗顿的故事中学到“追求梦想永远不会太晚”的
道理.]
C.[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述
了 Aarrav发明智能勺子的原因和过程.
8.D [推理判断题.根据文章第一段中“Aarrav
Anil,the17GyearGoldstudentwithapassionfor
roboticsfrom Bengraluro,invented a smart
spoonthatcanhelppeople withParkinsons
diseaseeatwithdignity.(来自班加罗尔的17
岁学生 AarravAnil对机器人技术充满热情,他
发明了一种智能勺子,可以帮助帕金森病患者
有尊严地吃饭.)”可知,Aarrav的发明能帮助帕
金森氏症患者更容易地自己进食.]
9.A [推 理 判 断 题.根 据 文 章 第 三 段 中 “Not
everythingwentsmoothly.‘Itwasfrustrating
notbeingabletofindthetinyelectronicsparts
IneededhereinIndia.Ihadtoordersomefrom
China,buttheytookagestoarrive,’Aarrav
said.Throughtirelessefforts,Aarrav madea
firstmodelbutthehandlewastooslipperyfor
hisuncletousesohehadtochangeit.(并不是
一切都很顺利.‘在印度找不到我需要的微型
电子部件,我很沮丧.我不得不从中国订购一
些,但它们花了很长时间才到.’Aarrav说.通
过不知疲倦的努力.Aarrav做了第一个模型,
但把手太滑了,他的叔叔无法使用,所以他不得
不更换它.)”可知,Aarrav在采购原件和设计中
都遇到了困难.由此可知,第三段强调了智能
勺子的发明过程中所面临的挑战.]
10.B [词句猜测题.根据文章第四段画线词后
“thedesignbasedonthecolegesfeedback—
thatitneedstobewaterproof(防水的)sothat
itcanbewashedwithoutdamagingaltheelecG
tronicsinside;andthatitmustbedetachable
(可拆卸的)soitcanbecleanedandreplacedby
afork,(根据学院的反馈,它需要防水,这样在
清洗时不会损坏里面的所有电子设备;它必须
是可拆卸的,这样就可以清洁和更换叉子)”可
知,Aarrav根据学院的反馈对智能勺子进行调
整,推测画线词的意思是“调整”.]
11.C [推理判断题.根据文章最后一段“Aarrav
hopesthathissmartspoon wil begintobe
producedonasmalscalewhenthetestingis
complete.WhileothersmartspoonsalreadyexG
istandtwoUScompaniesarealreadyproduG
57
参考答案