话题 14 科普知识（完形填空+阅读理解+阅读还原+短文填空）-2025年中考英语时文热点话题题型组合练（全国通用）

中考英语热点话题14 科普知识（培优训练） （完形填空2+阅读理解6+任务型阅读1+阅读还原1+短文填空4） 序号 题型 内容 难度 1 完形填空01 文章主要介绍了中国传统二十四节气中的“惊蛰”节气。 较难 2 完形填空02 本文主要讲述了锻炼对我们的好处以及如何锻炼。 较难 3 阅读理解A 本文介绍了一项研究发现，与仅喂食狗粮相比，给狗提供多样化的“人类食物”可能有助于保持其健康，并减少成年后患慢性肠胃不适症状的风险。 较难 4 阅读理解B 文章主要讲述了树叶在秋天变色的原因。 较难 5 阅读理解C 本文介绍了太阳系的一些知识，主要介绍了围绕木星和土星的卫星的发现和研究。 较难 6 阅读理解D 文章主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音。 较难 7 阅读理解E 本文主要介绍中国太空特殊任务：神舟十八号机组人员在太空中对水生态系统进行研究。 较难 8 阅读理解F 本文主要介绍了什么是自我控制能力以及它是有限的还是无限的。 较难 9 任务型阅读 本文主要介绍了同伴压力的定义、类型以及应对方法。 较难 10 阅读还原 文章主要介绍了中国古代的天井如何让住宅保持凉爽以及将天井引入现代建筑中创造性运用。 较难 11 首字母填空01 本文主要介绍了MBTI测试（“I” 人和“E”人）的相关内容，包括它的定义、起源、使用方法、流行原因等。 较难 12 首字母填空02 本文介绍了中国围棋背后的精神以及它体现出的生活哲理。 较难 13 语法填空03 本文介绍了苗寨的卡拉鸟笼的制作工艺及发展。 较难 14 选词填空04 本文主要讲述了人们少吃肉带来的好处，并且介绍了素肉的优缺点。 较难 一、完形填空 01（2024·安徽六安·模拟预测） The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Jingzhe (惊蛰), or Awakening of Insects, 1 on March 5 and ends on March 20 this year. During the solar term, the weather will get 2 and there will be more rainfall. Its name refers to the awakening (唤醒) of animals sleeping in winter by spring thunder (雷) and 3 begins to come back to life. In ancient times, people believed that the 4 of thunder awakened insects, which was common during this time. Modern scientific studies have shown that insects 5 because of the warm weather and moist soil (潮湿的土壤). Jingzhe is an important time for 6 . Old Chinese sayings such as “once Jingzhe comes, spring plowing (春耕) never rests” 7 the importance of this solar term to farmers. During this time, most parts of China experience fast—rising 8 , with more sunshine. All of these provide the best conditions for farming activities. Eating pears around this time is 9 in China. According to ideas of traditional Chinese medicine, the sweet and juicy (多汁的) pear is good for the lungs (肺) as the air becomes dry. This is very good for people’s health when people 10 parched (干裂的) mouths and dry tongues (舌头) because of the changing weather. 1．A．succeeds B．spreads C．falls D．fails 2．A．warmer B．braver C．safer D．freer 3．A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something 4．A．sound B．smell C．taste D．touch 5．A．grow up B．give up C．wake up D．make up 6．A．workers B．farmers C．neighbors D．doctors 7．A．push B．warn C．check D．show 8．A．shapes B．prices C．sizes D．temperatures 9．A．strict B．friendly C．popular D．kind 10．A．help B．experience C．build D．choose 02（2024·安徽马鞍山·三模） Physical activity is good for us. It helps us build up our bodies, learn new skills and get to know the 1 of team work. But every year, more than 3.5 million kids across China receive treatment for sports-related injuries (受伤). How did this happen? Choosing sports that don’t fit the ages is one reason. All sports have a 2 of injury. However, most injuries are caused by overuse (过度使用). It’s best to play different kinds of sports to 3 injuries we often see with overuse. We can stop common injuries by 4 sports that are right for our age, development and physical abilities. No warm-up (热身) exercises before playing sports is another reason. The purpose of warming up is to 5 for our chosen activity. A warm-up for light physical activity takes around 10 minutes. It includes light activity and some movements that are 6 to the activity we’re about to do. Besides, most people often forget to take 7 . Rest periods during practice and games can help to avoid injuries. We should stop the activity if it makes us 8 . After all, we can’t play or exercise through the pain. It’s a good idea to have at least one day off every few days and at least one month off every year from 9 for a certain sport. Anyway, keep 10 and follow the correct sports plan. Then we can enjoy the fun of doing sports. 1．A．change B．success C．value D．dream 2．A．risk B．task C．record D．test 3．A．check B．avoid C．treat D．receive 4．A．picking B．refusing C．sharing D．creating 5．A．cheer B．prepare C．hope D．act 6．A．similar B．blind C．proper D．famous 7．A．notes B．breaks C．walks D．steps 8．A．move B．fail C．hurt D．matter 9．A．caring B．searching C．waiting D．training 10．A．safe B．poor C．warm D．strong 二、阅读理解 A（2024·浙江·中考真题） Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table? A new study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy. Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (饮食) of processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either. The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of food leads to more variety (多样性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food. A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study. 4,500 of them were under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what food they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss. However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life. Dr. Anna Hielm Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as providing a complete diet. But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12 years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different?” 1．According to the new study, dog owners ________. A．must offer dry food to their dogs B．can feed dogs on “people food” C．had better buy more processed food D．shouldn’t make food by themselves 2．Paragraph 3 mainly explains why ________. A．dogs need different kinds of food B．little living things stay in human bodies C．scientists study dry processed food D．people should keep dogs at home 3．How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable? A．By using pictures. B．By giving examples. C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers. 4．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A．History. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture. B（2024·山东临沂·三模） Every year, as the summer days grow shorter, an amazing change happens in Canadian forests. As summer changes to autumn, the trees turn colors, changing from summer greens to shades of red, orange, and yellow. When I was a boy, my grandmother told me that a strange little man came at night with a paint brush to paint the leaves those wonderful colors. And I believed her for it was a wonderful way of explaining this change to a little boy. But as I grew older, my natural curiosity (好奇) led me to do some research on my own. As always, science had the answer. Trees need food, just like all lives. Leaves produce food for the tree. It’s just sugar, which is sometimes called glucose (葡萄糖). Leaves use sunlight to change water and CO2 into oxygen (氧气). The process is known as photo-synthesis (光合作用). A chemical called chlorophyll (叶绿素) helps make this happen. Chlorophyll is the reason why leaves are green in summer. However, Canadian winters are long, cold and dark. There isn’t enough sunshine in winter for the leaves to make food. In autumn, as the days shorten, the trees get a signal (信号) to slow down. It’s time to take a rest. Don’t worry, though. They have enough food prepared to last all winter. When the leaves stop making food, they no longer need to make chlorophyll. Slowly, the chlorophyll disappears. Remember, this is the chemical that makes leaves green. As the chlorophyll goes away, so does the green color. We begin to see the other colors that are always there. We could not see them before because green is a strong color. 1．Why do leaves become red, orange and yellow in autumn? A．Because the chlorophyll goes away in the leaves. B．Because green color has a chemical change with sunlight. C．Because the trees need more food in winter. 2．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．We could not see the other colors before because they are not always there. B．The writer always believes his grandmother’s explanation. C．When the leaves no longer need to make chlorophyll, the trees can change from summer greens to shades of red, orange, and yellow. 4．Which is the best title for this passage? A．How a strange man painted trees. B．What food trees need during a year. C．Why leaves change colors in autumn. C（2024·广东汕头·一模） In our solar system (太阳系), some planets have a great number of moons (卫星) while some have none. Recently scientists have discovered 12 more moons going around Jupiter (木星). That means Jupiter now has a total of 92 moons, more than any other planet in our solar system. Scott Sheppard was a member of the team that made the latest discoveries. The new moons were found using telescopes (望远镜) in Hawaii and Chile. Sheppard said, “I hope we can take clear photos of one of these moons in the near future to better understand it.” Jupiter’s newly discovered moons are between one and three kilometers in size. They have not yet been named, as half of them are too small—less than 1.5 kilometers—to own a name. Sheppard has already taken part in 70 moon discoveries for Jupiter. He also discovered moons going around Saturn (土星). It had been the planet with the most moons until the most recent announcement. It now is known to have 83 moons. Saturn held the top position since 2019 when Sheppard’s team discovered 20 more moons. Before that, Jupiter was the solar system’s leader with 79 moons. Sheppard expects to keep adding moons to both Jupiter and Saturn in the future. Uranus and Neptune also have many small moons. But they are much farther from Earth, so discovering new moons around those planets is more difficult. This year, the European Space Agency has sent a spaceship to explore Jupiter. The spaceship, called JUICE, took off in April. The task is to make further research on Jupiter and its three large moons. 1．Which of the following has the most moons in the solar system? A．Uranus. B．Neptune. C．Mercury. D．Jupiter. 2．According to Paragraph 2, Sheppard wanted to _______ in the near future. A．look for more new moons B．take clear photos of one moon C．study one of the new moons D．join a team in Hawaii and Chile 3．The new moons don’t have names because _______. A．they are hard to study B．they are newly discovered C．some of them are not big enough D．they are far from Jupiter 4．How many of Saturn’s moons were discovered before 2019? A．59. B．63. C．79. D．83. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．It is difficult to discover new moons. B．JUICE is trying to find out new planets. C．More research is being done on Jupiter. D．To find large moons is more important. D （2024·江苏泰州·二模）①Imagine this: when you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato, suddenly it starts to cry! This thing will never really happen, but a new study shows that plants can make sounds when they are stressed. ②Researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes. ③Three groups of plants were listened to: One group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off, and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. “When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Hadany from the team told CNN. ④The researchers didn’t know how the sounds were made, but they believed the noise came from the breaking of air bubbles (泡) in the plants. This meant the noise produced by the plants was not on purpose. ⑤Animals and insects may benefit (受益) from the sound. For example, the sound can tell a butterfly that the plant is under stress and not a proper place to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to decide what to do, according to Science Focus. ⑥After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as rice, corn and grapes, and found they also made more sounds when stressed. Researchers said the study can help farmers in the future, as they can better take care of farm by “hearing” how plants feel. 1．According to the experiment, we know that _______. A．the plants produced the noise on purpose B．the plants which had the stems cut off were very quiet C．air bubbles in the plants broke and made the noise D．the untouched group made more sounds than the other two groups 2．How can animals and insects benefit from the sound of plants? A．To communicate by themselves. B．To break the air bubbles. C．To listen to other plants. D．To make right decisions. 3．The study may help farmers to _______ in the future. A．improve the growth of plants B．protect the environment C．tell the weather D．decide what to plant 4．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A．①|②③④|⑤⑥ B．①②|③④⑤|⑥ C．①②|③④|⑤⑥ D．①②③|④⑤|⑥ 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Plants that make sounds are tasty. B．Plants can show feelings by sounds. C．Researchers listen to plants. D．Animals benefit from the sounds. E（2024·广东揭阳·三模） “Welcome teammates!” read the Chinese calligraphy (书法) in the Tiangong space station. On April 26, the Shenzhou XVIII manned spaceship’s three astronauts successfully entered the space station and met with the Shenzhou XVII astronauts. The Shenzhou XVIII crew (乘组) members are Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu. “Being born in the 1980s and having all been pilots, we never run out of things to talk about,” Li Cong told Xinhua. The crew will carry out more than 90 experiments in space. They will study microgravity (微重力) in space, medicine and many other science topics, reported China Daily. This mission is special because it features China’s first space-based study of water ecosystems. The astronauts brought a fish tank (鱼缸) filled with water to the space station. Four zebrafish (斑马鱼) and algae (水藻) live inside it. The algae give the fish oxygen, keeping them alive. The tank can also feed the fish, control the temperature and lighting, and collect fish eggs by itself. Why zebrafish? They are very small vertebrates (脊椎动物) and they share 70 percent of their genes with humans. “Next, we plan on bringing mice to space. We’ll raise them there for a while and then bring them back to Earth for further study,” Zhang Wei from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) told CCTV News. Studying animals in space can help scientists understand how the human body reacts (反应) to space conditions. The Shenzhou XVIII crew is expected to return in October after six months in space. Right now, China is about to finish picking its fourth batch (批) of astronauts. These new astronauts will join the team already working on space station missions and help achieve China’s first manned landing on the moon. 2．What is special about the Shenzhou XVIII mission according to Paragraph 5? A．It sent the youngest crew ever to the station B．It will study water ecosystems in space. C．It will carry out more than 90 experiments. D．It will study medicine and microgravity in space. 3．Why are zebrafish chosen to study in space? a. They are very small vertebrates.      b. They share over two-thirds of genes with humans. c. They eat and live on algae.            d. They can live without oxygen. A．ab B．ad C．bc D．cd 4．What is one of the future plans for China’s space missions as mentioned in the article? A．To bring plants to space for the first time. B．To study the effects of microgravity on algae. C．To create a self-sustaining ecosystem within the space station. D．To bring mice to space, raise them, and then bring them back for further study. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More Chinese astronauts will set off in November. B．China will continue its journey in space exploration. C．China is ready to send astronauts to the moon. D．China has taken the lead in space exploration. 6．What is the main idea of the article? A．The experience of astronauts living in the Tiangong space station. B．The technological achievements of the Shenzhou XVIII mission. C．Future plans for China’s space exploration including a manned landing on the moon. D．An overview (概述) of China’s space mission featuring the Shenzhou XVIII crew and their research. F（2024·北京门头沟·一模） What is your understanding of self-control? How do you think it works? Do you think your self-control ability is limited or unlimited? Do you believe that after a long day you run out of energy, and you need to rest to get it refueled (补充燃料)? If this is the case, then you have a limited theory (理论) of self-control. Do you think that challenging activities don’t easily lose your energy? In that case you have a non-limited theory. In an experiment, researchers divided students into two groups based on their self-control theory and followed them during a term. Outside the exam period, there were no differences between the two groups. However, when requirements were high, students with a limited theory procrastinated (拖延) more, achieved a lower GPA (grade-point average) and ate more unhealthy food. Theories about self-control become a self-fulfilling prediction. If you think that self-control is limited, then you will give in to temptations (诱惑) more easily and find it harder to realize your goals. On the other hand, if you have a non-limited theory, you will be more successful with your goals. Interestingly, both ‘non-limited’ and ‘limited’ theorists feel just as tired immediately after exercising self-control. However, ‘non-limited’ theorists don’t take their feelings as a sign that they have depleted a limited resource and need to rest. In fact, they believe that a day full of challenging tasks ‘activates’ their self-control skills, which leaves them refreshed and more willing to make effort the next day. It seems that there’s a clear benefit to having the ‘right’ beliefs about self-control. How can you change your self-control theory? If you’re willing towards a ‘limited’ theory, we suggest that you try to persuade yourself or a friend that if they use effortless strategies, then self-control is not easily run out. Researchers have managed to experimentally control students’ self-control theories. There’s another, probably more powerful way to change your self-control theory. In a series of experiments, researchers asked participants to do an easy (e.g. keeping a diary) or a difficult (e.g. not eating sweets) task for 2 weeks. Before and after this period, they measured their self-control theories and self-control strength. Interestingly, the participants who did the more effortful task changed their beliefs toward the ‘limited’ theory by the end of the experiment. As a result, they made less effort in the final self-control task. This study shows that when we experience a lot of effort, it may act as a signal telling us that our self-control ability is limited. This in turn makes it more difficult for us to exercise self-control in the future. Therefore, if you use the more effortless strategies, you can automatically shape your self-control theory to be more non-limited, naturally improving your self-control. 1．If you believe your self-control ability is unlimited, you’ll feel ________. A．calm after the experiments B．satisfied after long-distance race C．confused by self-control activities D．energetic after self-control tasks 2．In the first experiment, the writer wants to tell us ________. A．the two groups of students got the same scores in the experiments B．beliefs about self-control changed the ability to avoid temptations C．students with a limited theory achieved more confidence and trusts D．students with a non-limited theory easily succeeded in the experiment 3．The word “depleted” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________. A．created B．saved C．collected D．emptied 4．The writer may agree that ________. A．you can change your beliefs to become more unlimited B．there’s a clear benefit to improve your skills and abilities C．you can use the effortless strategies to realize your goals D．you should persuade yourself to change the learning strategies 三、任务型阅读 （2024·山东威海·中考真题）阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Peer Pressure What peer pressure is Peers are people who are about the same age as you. Peer pressure is when one or more friends or people your own age make you feel pressured to do something. You feel as if you have to do that thing because your peers are doing it, or are trying to make you do it. Good peer pressure Good peer pressure is when you feel pressured to do something good. You might do something good for you, for others, or for the environment. Bad peer pressure Bad peer pressure is when you feel pressured to do something you shouldn’t do. For example, it might be something that goes against rules, something dangerous, or something bad for your health. It might also be something that goes against your values, or what you believe is good or right. ▲ ①If a friend tries to pressure you to do something, you might feel you should do it to please your friend. You might even feel that the person will not be your friend if you do not do it. ②People often want to be accepted by their peers and not feel as if they stand out because they are different in some way. Sometimes people are afraid others will make fun of them if they do not do what everyone else is doing. Make decisions when you feel peer pressure Here are some questions to ask yourself when you feel peer pressure to do something: ·Could I get into trouble for doing this? ·Might doing this hurt myself or another person, or hurt someone’s feelings? ·Does this go against my values? ·Will I feel sorry or embarrassed if my family, teachers, or others find out about it? If you answer “yes” to any of these questions, you are feeling bad peer pressure. If people keep pressuring you, say, “I do not want to talk about it anymore.” Then walk away and feel proud that you made a good decision. 1．Who are peers? （答案不超过9 个词） 2．What kinds of peer pressure are introduced in the passage? （答案不超过7个词） 3．Please fill the ▲ with a proper subtitle（小标题）.（答案不超过7个词） 4．What decisions should you make when you feel bad peer pressure? （答案不超过6个词） 5．Mike noticed that most students at school are wearing a certain type of running shoes. Now he is starting to feel that he should get the same kind of shoes, but no one has told him he should. Is Mike experiencing peer pressure? Use evidence (证据) from the passage to support your answer. （答案不限词数） 6．Share an example of how you solved your peer pressure. （答案不限词数） 四、阅读还原 （2024·山东泰安·二模） A skywell, or “tian jing”, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. In the eras (时代) before air-conditioning, southern China’s skywells played a key role in keeping people’s homes cool. 84 Ru Ling loves spending time in skywells. To her, these courtyards of old Chinese houses are the perfect place to be on a hot and humid day. “ 1 ” says Ru. From 2014 to 2021, Ru lived in a century-old home in the village of Guanlu in eastern China’s Anhui Province. She moved there for a change of life after living and working in air-conditioned buildings for many years. Ru says that the house’s skywell helped to create this cooling effect. 2 Studies have found that the temperatures inside some of the skywells in southern China are significantly lower than the outside. In today’s China, fewer and fewer people live in houses with skywells. 3 But a revival (复苏) of interest in traditional Chinese architecture (建筑) is leading some historic buildings with skywells to be restored for modern times. Some architects are drawing inspiration from skywells to help keep new buildings cooler. Different from a northern Chinese courtyard, a skywell is smaller and less exposed to the outdoor environment. 4 It is either surrounded by rooms on four sides or three sides plus a wall. Some large houses have more than one skywell. A．They are airy, cool, and well-shaded. B．Air-conditioned flats are the main form of homes. C．Could they do it again today? D．Although a skywell’s size and design is different from region to region, it is almost always located in the core (核心) of a house. E．And she’s not alone in praising the benefits of skywells, in hot weather. 五、短文填空 01（2024·天津和平·三模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Are you an “I” person or an “E” person? We hear this question a lot these days. In f 1 , these are two personality (性格) types based on the MBTI test. Generally, an “I” person is shy and quiet, while an “E” person is outgoing. So what is the MBTI test? It’s a personality test that helps us understand our personality b 2 and tells us how we relate to the world around us. It was d 3 in the 1940 by Katharine Cook Briggs. When you take the MBTI test, you are given several sets of questions. For each question, you need to c 435 the answer that best matches your feelings, attitudes and behavior Then you’ll know what your personality type is. The MBTI test is popular for many r 4 . Let’s take a closer look at just a few. First people want to understand themselves. Human personality is very complex (复杂的), and this test provides a simple way for people to learn about t 437 . Next, taking the MBTI test is relaxing and enjoyable, b 5 its questions are interesting. Then, people try to find connections. The MBTI test o 6 a way to go beyond small talk and connect with other on a deeper level. Finally, while there are many kinds of personality tests on the market, the MBTI test is the most widely used. The MBTI test may show s 7 we don’t know about ourselves and can be a fun way to help us make new friends. But knowing someone’s MBTI results doesn’t m 8 we really know that person. Nor do the MBTI results define (定义) who we are. 02（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 The game of Go (围棋) is an important board game, which started in China more than 4,000 years ago. In China, Go is c 1 as “hand conversations” as well, in which players communicate with each other. In other words, they “t 2 ” through the placing of pieces on the board. The metaphor (比喻) was first used by Zhi Daolin, a Buddhist master of the Jin Dynasty. It shows the n 3 of the game. While knowledgeable people of his time often lost t 4 in philosophical (哲学的) discussions on life and universe, he p 5 to play Go which he thought was full of philosophy of life. Master Go players often feel like they are playing a game in r 6 life. Sometimes one can move forward; sometimes one must slow down. Sometimes one can d 7 face the challenger; sometimes one must take an indirect method. Proper placement of each tiny Go piece is similar to how one might s 8 a difficult problem of life. The p 9 of playing Go is not just to win but also, more importantly, to achieve wisdom in the game. The players work together to play a good game, instead of fighting as e 10 . 03（2024·福建厦门·一模） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Miao people believe that birds are important for harvests. That’s why people see beautiful birdcages (鸟笼) 1 (hang) in front of many houses in the Miao villages. Wang Qiu 2 (be) an inheritor (传承人) of the Kala birdcage-making craft (工艺). She has learned and developed the craft for 18 years 3 she married her husband in 2005. Her teacher is Wang Yuhe, 4 local inheritor of the skill in Guizhou, and also her husband’s father. “Each birdcage is 5 (make) of the strong moso bamboo and the flexible (柔韧的) water bamboo. Together, they make up a strong birdcage,” explained Wang. “The Kala birdcage is famous 6 its strength (牢固度).” As a member of a younger generation, Wang thought 7 (careful) to try something new. She designs and makes everyday 8 (product), from bookshelves to earrings in the shape of Kala birdcages. To show Kala birdcages to more people, Wang shares videos of her skills on social media. “I hope that my videos can make more people learn about the 9 (amaze) Kala birdcage-making skill. In this way, people will know more about the Miao people and their great culture,” Wang said. In fact, the craft has also become an important way for local people to get 10 (rich) than before. 04（2024·山西长治·二模） 请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。 you, find, compare, do, help, recycle, awful, healthy, suggest, reason, general, wonder Have you ever considered eating less meat? There are lots of good 1 why you might try. It’s kinder to animals, and it’s better for 2 health and the environment. According to the United Nations, more than 14% of man-made greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放物) come from animal farming. If you stop eating meat, you 3 animals, yourself, and the planet! However, beef noodles taste good. Chicken hamburgers taste good. Can you imagine giving these 4 things up? Well, maybe you don’t need 5 that. Now, many plant-based meats (素肉) are made. They look, taste, and feel just like real meats. But is a plant-based burger really 6 than a burger made with beef? A new study suggests that the answer is yes—and no. Researchers from the George Institute for Global Health studied the nutrients (营养物) in 132 plant-based meats, and 7 them to real meats. They found that plant-based meats had less unhealthy fat (脂肪). So 8 speaking, plant-based meats are better than real meats. However, they aren’t quite healthy enough. The researchers found that plant-based meats often have more sugar, and don’t have important nutrients that 9 in real meats such as vitamin B12. Because of this, the researchers came up with the 10 that people get these nutrients from other foods such as eggs and milk. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 中考英语热点话题14 科普知识（培优训练） （完形填空2+阅读理解6+任务型阅读1+阅读还原1+短文填空4） 序号 题型 内容 难度 1 完形填空01 文章主要介绍了中国传统二十四节气中的“惊蛰”节气。 较难 2 完形填空02 本文主要讲述了锻炼对我们的好处以及如何锻炼。 较难 3 阅读理解A 本文介绍了一项研究发现，与仅喂食狗粮相比，给狗提供多样化的“人类食物”可能有助于保持其健康，并减少成年后患慢性肠胃不适症状的风险。 较难 4 阅读理解B 文章主要讲述了树叶在秋天变色的原因。 较难 5 阅读理解C 本文介绍了太阳系的一些知识，主要介绍了围绕木星和土星的卫星的发现和研究。 较难 6 阅读理解D 文章主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音。 较难 7 阅读理解E 本文主要介绍中国太空特殊任务：神舟十八号机组人员在太空中对水生态系统进行研究。 较难 8 阅读理解F 本文主要介绍了什么是自我控制能力以及它是有限的还是无限的。 较难 9 任务型阅读 本文主要介绍了同伴压力的定义、类型以及应对方法。 较难 10 阅读还原 文章主要介绍了中国古代的天井如何让住宅保持凉爽以及将天井引入现代建筑中创造性运用。 较难 11 首字母填空01 本文主要介绍了MBTI测试（“I” 人和“E”人）的相关内容，包括它的定义、起源、使用方法、流行原因等。 较难 12 首字母填空02 本文介绍了中国围棋背后的精神以及它体现出的生活哲理。 较难 13 语法填空03 本文介绍了苗寨的卡拉鸟笼的制作工艺及发展。 较难 14 选词填空04 本文主要讲述了人们少吃肉带来的好处，并且介绍了素肉的优缺点。 较难 一、完形填空 01（2024·安徽六安·模拟预测） The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Jingzhe (惊蛰), or Awakening of Insects, 1 on March 5 and ends on March 20 this year. During the solar term, the weather will get 2 and there will be more rainfall. Its name refers to the awakening (唤醒) of animals sleeping in winter by spring thunder (雷) and 3 begins to come back to life. In ancient times, people believed that the 4 of thunder awakened insects, which was common during this time. Modern scientific studies have shown that insects 5 because of the warm weather and moist soil (潮湿的土壤). Jingzhe is an important time for 6 . Old Chinese sayings such as “once Jingzhe comes, spring plowing (春耕) never rests” 7 the importance of this solar term to farmers. During this time, most parts of China experience fast—rising 8 , with more sunshine. All of these provide the best conditions for farming activities. Eating pears around this time is 9 in China. According to ideas of traditional Chinese medicine, the sweet and juicy (多汁的) pear is good for the lungs (肺) as the air becomes dry. This is very good for people’s health when people 10 parched (干裂的) mouths and dry tongues (舌头) because of the changing weather. 1．A．succeeds B．spreads C．falls D．fails 2．A．warmer B．braver C．safer D．freer 3．A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something 4．A．sound B．smell C．taste D．touch 5．A．grow up B．give up C．wake up D．make up 6．A．workers B．farmers C．neighbors D．doctors 7．A．push B．warn C．check D．show 8．A．shapes B．prices C．sizes D．temperatures 9．A．strict B．friendly C．popular D．kind 10．A．help B．experience C．build D．choose 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统二十四节气中的“惊蛰”节气。 1．句意：惊蛰，即昆虫的觉醒，于今年3月5日开始至3月20日结束。 succeeds成功；spreads传播；falls发生；fails失败。根据下文“ends on March 20 this year”可知，此处是指今年的节气是在3月5日开始，3月20日结束。故选C。 2．句意：节气期间，天气会变暖，降雨也会更多。 warmer更温暖的；braver更勇敢的；safer更安全的；freer更自由的。根据常识可知，惊蛰后天气变暖，雨水增多。故选A。 3．句意：它的名字指的是冬天睡觉的动物被春雷唤醒，万物开始复苏。 everything所有事物；nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；something某事、某物。根据句意可知，此处是指万物开始复苏，应用不定代词everything。故选A。 4．句意：在古代，人们认为雷声会惊醒昆虫，这在这段时间很常见。 sound声音；smell气味；taste味道；touch触觉。根据下文“awakened insects”可知，此处是指雷声会惊醒昆虫。故选A。 5．句意：现代科学研究表明，昆虫醒来是因为温暖的天气和潮湿的土壤。 grow up成长；give up放弃；wake up醒来；make up编造。根据下文“because of the warm weather and moist soil”可知，此处是指昆虫醒来是因为温暖的天气和潮湿的土壤。故选C。 6．句意：惊蛰是农民的重要时刻。 workers工人；farmers农民；neighbors邻居；doctors医生。根据下文“once Jingzhe comes, spring plowing never rests”可知，此处是指惊蛰是农民的重要时刻。故选B。 7．句意：“惊蛰一到，春耕不歇”等中国古语表明了这个节气对农民的重要性。 push推；warn警告；check检查；show表明。根据下文“the importance of this solar term to farmers”可知，此处是指“惊蛰一到，春耕不歇”等中国古语表明了这个节气对农民的重要性。故选D。 8．句意：在此期间，中国大部分地区气温快速上升，日照增多。 shapes形状；prices价格；sizes尺码；temperatures温度；根据下文“with more sunshine”可知，此处是指中国大部分地区气温快速上升。故选D。 9．句意：这个时候吃梨在中国很流行。 strict严肃的；friendly友好的；popular受欢迎的；kind友善的。根据下文“According to ideas of traditional Chinese medicine, the sweet and juicy pear is good for the lungs as the air becomes dry.”可知，此处是指这个时候吃梨在中国很流行。故选C。 10．句意：当人们经历天气变化而口干舌燥时，这对人们的健康非常有益。 help帮助；experience经历；build修建；choose选择。根据上文“This is very good for people’s health”可知，此处是指当人们经历天气变化而口干舌燥时，这对人们的健康非常有益。故选B。 02（2024·安徽马鞍山·三模） Physical activity is good for us. It helps us build up our bodies, learn new skills and get to know the 1 of team work. But every year, more than 3.5 million kids across China receive treatment for sports-related injuries (受伤). How did this happen? Choosing sports that don’t fit the ages is one reason. All sports have a 2 of injury. However, most injuries are caused by overuse (过度使用). It’s best to play different kinds of sports to 3 injuries we often see with overuse. We can stop common injuries by 4 sports that are right for our age, development and physical abilities. No warm-up (热身) exercises before playing sports is another reason. The purpose of warming up is to 5 for our chosen activity. A warm-up for light physical activity takes around 10 minutes. It includes light activity and some movements that are 6 to the activity we’re about to do. Besides, most people often forget to take 7 . Rest periods during practice and games can help to avoid injuries. We should stop the activity if it makes us 8 . After all, we can’t play or exercise through the pain. It’s a good idea to have at least one day off every few days and at least one month off every year from 9 for a certain sport. Anyway, keep 10 and follow the correct sports plan. Then we can enjoy the fun of doing sports. 1．A．change B．success C．value D．dream 2．A．risk B．task C．record D．test 3．A．check B．avoid C．treat D．receive 4．A．picking B．refusing C．sharing D．creating 5．A．cheer B．prepare C．hope D．act 6．A．similar B．blind C．proper D．famous 7．A．notes B．breaks C．walks D．steps 8．A．move B．fail C．hurt D．matter 9．A．caring B．searching C．waiting D．training 10．A．safe B．poor C．warm D．strong 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了锻炼对我们的好处以及如何锻炼。 1．句意：它帮助我们强健我们的身体，学习新的技能，并了解团队合作的价值。 change变化；success成功；value价值；dream梦想。根据“…of team work”可知，此处指“团队合作的价值”。故选C。 2．句意：所有的运动都有受伤的风险。 risk风险；task任务；record记录；test测验。根据“But every year, more than 3.5 million kids across China receive treatment for sports-related injuries (受伤).”及结合选项可知，所有的运动都有受伤的风险。故选A。 3．句意：最好进行不同种类的运动，以避免我们经常看到的过度使用造成的伤害。 check检查；avoid避免；treat对待；receive收到。根据“It’s best to play different kinds of sports”可知，进行不同种类的运动，以避免我们经常看到的过度使用造成的伤害。故选B。 4．句意：我们可以通过选择适合我们年龄、发展和身体能力的运动来防止常见的伤害。 picking挑选；refusing拒绝；sharing分享；creating创造。根据“…sports that are right for our age”可知，此处指“选择适合的运动”。故选A。 5．句意：热身的目的是为我们选择的活动做准备。 cheer欢呼；prepare准备；hope希望；act行动。根据“ The purpose of warming up is to…for our chosen activity.”可知，热身的目的是为我们选择的活动做准备；prepare for“为……做准备”。故选B。 6．句意：它包括轻度活动和一些适合我们将要做的活动的动作。 similar类似的；blind失明的；proper合适的；famous著名的。根据“that are…to the activity we’re about to do.”可知，此处指“一些适合的动作”。故选C。 7．句意：此外，大多数人经常忘记休息。 notes笔记；breaks休息；walks步行；steps步骤。根据“Rest periods during practice and games can help to avoid injuries.”可知，空处指“休息”。故选B。 8．句意：如果它让我们受伤，我们应该停止这种活动。 move移动；fail失败；hurt受伤；matter要紧。根据“We should stop the activity”可知，如果一些活动让我们受伤，我们要停止这些活动。故选C。 9．句意：每隔几天至少休息一天，每年至少休息一个月，这是一个好主意。 caring关心；searching寻找；waiting等待；training训练。根据“from…for a certain sport.”可知，此处指“训练时每隔一段时间需要休息”。故选D。 10．句意：无论如何，要注意安全，遵循正确的运动计划。 safe安全的；poor贫穷的；warm温暖的；strong强壮的。根据“Anyway, keep…and follow the correct sports plan.”可知，做运动是要保持安全。故选A。 二、阅读理解 A（2024·浙江·中考真题） Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table? A new study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy. Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (饮食) of processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either. The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of food leads to more variety (多样性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food. A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study. 4,500 of them were under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what food they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss. However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life. Dr. Anna Hielm Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as providing a complete diet. But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12 years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different?” 1．According to the new study, dog owners ________. A．must offer dry food to their dogs B．can feed dogs on “people food” C．had better buy more processed food D．shouldn’t make food by themselves 2．Paragraph 3 mainly explains why ________. A．dogs need different kinds of food B．little living things stay in human bodies C．scientists study dry processed food D．people should keep dogs at home 3．How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable? A．By using pictures. B．By giving examples. C．By telling stories. D．By listing numbers. 4．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A．History. B．Business. C．Science. D．Culture. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了一项研究发现，与仅喂食狗粮相比，给狗提供多样化的“人类食物”可能有助于保持其健康，并减少成年后患慢性肠胃不适症状的风险。 1．细节理解题。根据“A new study suggests that by sharing ‘people food’, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy.”可知，根据新研究，狗主人可以给狗喂“人类食品”。故选B。 2．段落大意题。根据“The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. ... many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food.”可知，狗在主人家中找到的食物如鸡蛋、鱼、肉和蔬菜，可能比单一的狗粮更好，因为多样化的食物可以增加体内有益微生物的种类，有助于消化。由此推知本段解释了为什么狗需要吃多种类的食物。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study.”，“about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性肠胃不适症状) such as weight loss”和“However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life.”可知，作者通过列数字，使其研究更可信。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项研究发现，与仅喂食狗粮相比，给狗提供多样化的“人类食物”可能有助于保持其健康，并减少成年后患慢性肠胃不适症状的风险。由此推知，本文可能来自杂志的“科学”部分。故选C。 B（2024·山东临沂·三模） Every year, as the summer days grow shorter, an amazing change happens in Canadian forests. As summer changes to autumn, the trees turn colors, changing from summer greens to shades of red, orange, and yellow. When I was a boy, my grandmother told me that a strange little man came at night with a paint brush to paint the leaves those wonderful colors. And I believed her for it was a wonderful way of explaining this change to a little boy. But as I grew older, my natural curiosity (好奇) led me to do some research on my own. As always, science had the answer. Trees need food, just like all lives. Leaves produce food for the tree. It’s just sugar, which is sometimes called glucose (葡萄糖). Leaves use sunlight to change water and CO2 into oxygen (氧气). The process is known as photo-synthesis (光合作用). A chemical called chlorophyll (叶绿素) helps make this happen. Chlorophyll is the reason why leaves are green in summer. However, Canadian winters are long, cold and dark. There isn’t enough sunshine in winter for the leaves to make food. In autumn, as the days shorten, the trees get a signal (信号) to slow down. It’s time to take a rest. Don’t worry, though. They have enough food prepared to last all winter. When the leaves stop making food, they no longer need to make chlorophyll. Slowly, the chlorophyll disappears. Remember, this is the chemical that makes leaves green. As the chlorophyll goes away, so does the green color. We begin to see the other colors that are always there. We could not see them before because green is a strong color. 1．Why do leaves become red, orange and yellow in autumn? A．Because the chlorophyll goes away in the leaves. B．Because green color has a chemical change with sunlight. C．Because the trees need more food in winter. 2．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? (①= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．We could not see the other colors before because they are not always there. B．The writer always believes his grandmother’s explanation. C．When the leaves no longer need to make chlorophyll, the trees can change from summer greens to shades of red, orange, and yellow. 4．Which is the best title for this passage? A．How a strange man painted trees. B．What food trees need during a year. C．Why leaves change colors in autumn. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了树叶在秋天变色的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据“As the chlorophyll goes away, so does the green color. We begin to see the other colors that are always there.”可知，因为叶绿素在叶子里消失了，所以树叶在秋天会变成红色、橙色和黄色。故选A。 2．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段提出树叶在秋天变色的现象，第二段主要讲述了作者小时候奶奶给出的解释，第三到第五段介绍了叶子变色的科学原理。选项B符合题意。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“When the leaves stop making food, they no longer need to make chlorophyll. Slowly, the chlorophyll disappears. Remember, this is the chemical that makes leaves green. As the chlorophyll goes away, so does the green color.”可知，当叶子不再需要制造叶绿素时，树木可以从夏季的绿色变为红色、橙色和黄色。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据“But as I grew older, my natural curiosity (好奇心) led me to do some research on my own.”以及“As the chlorophyll goes away, so does the green color.”可知，本文主要介绍了树叶在秋天变色的原因。故选C。 C（2024·广东汕头·一模） In our solar system (太阳系), some planets have a great number of moons (卫星) while some have none. Recently scientists have discovered 12 more moons going around Jupiter (木星). That means Jupiter now has a total of 92 moons, more than any other planet in our solar system. Scott Sheppard was a member of the team that made the latest discoveries. The new moons were found using telescopes (望远镜) in Hawaii and Chile. Sheppard said, “I hope we can take clear photos of one of these moons in the near future to better understand it.” Jupiter’s newly discovered moons are between one and three kilometers in size. They have not yet been named, as half of them are too small—less than 1.5 kilometers—to own a name. Sheppard has already taken part in 70 moon discoveries for Jupiter. He also discovered moons going around Saturn (土星). It had been the planet with the most moons until the most recent announcement. It now is known to have 83 moons. Saturn held the top position since 2019 when Sheppard’s team discovered 20 more moons. Before that, Jupiter was the solar system’s leader with 79 moons. Sheppard expects to keep adding moons to both Jupiter and Saturn in the future. Uranus and Neptune also have many small moons. But they are much farther from Earth, so discovering new moons around those planets is more difficult. This year, the European Space Agency has sent a spaceship to explore Jupiter. The spaceship, called JUICE, took off in April. The task is to make further research on Jupiter and its three large moons. 1．Which of the following has the most moons in the solar system? A．Uranus. B．Neptune. C．Mercury. D．Jupiter. 2．According to Paragraph 2, Sheppard wanted to _______ in the near future. A．look for more new moons B．take clear photos of one moon C．study one of the new moons D．join a team in Hawaii and Chile 3．The new moons don’t have names because _______. A．they are hard to study B．they are newly discovered C．some of them are not big enough D．they are far from Jupiter 4．How many of Saturn’s moons were discovered before 2019? A．59. B．63. C．79. D．83. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．It is difficult to discover new moons. B．JUICE is trying to find out new planets. C．More research is being done on Jupiter. D．To find large moons is more important. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了太阳系的一些知识，主要介绍了围绕木星和土星的卫星的发现和研究。 1．细节理解题。根据“Recently scientists have discovered 12 more moons going around Jupiter (木星). That means Jupiter now has a total of 92 moons, more than any other planet in our solar system.”可知，木星现在总共有92颗卫星，比太阳系中任何其他行星都多。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Sheppard said, ‘I hope we can take clear photos of one of these moons in the near future to better understand it.’”可知，他想要在不久的将来，能够拍到其中一颗卫星的清晰照片。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“They have not yet been named, as half of them are too small—less than 1.5 kilometers—to own a name.”可知，这些新的卫星没有名字是因为它们中的一半都太小了，也即是不够大。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“It now is known to have 83 moons. Saturn held the top position since 2019 when Sheppard's team discovered 20 more moons. Before that, Jupiter was the solar system’s leader with 79 moons.”可推知，现在已知它有83颗卫星。自2019年Sheppard的团队又发现20颗卫星以来，土星一直占据榜首。由此可知2019年之前发现的土星卫星为63颗。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“This year, the European Space Agency has sent a spaceship to explore Jupiter. The spaceship, called JUICE, took off in April. The task is to make further research on Jupiter and its three large moons.”可知，人们正在对木星进行更多的研究。故选C。 D （2024·江苏泰州·二模）①Imagine this: when you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato, suddenly it starts to cry! This thing will never really happen, but a new study shows that plants can make sounds when they are stressed. ②Researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes. ③Three groups of plants were listened to: One group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off, and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. “When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Hadany from the team told CNN. ④The researchers didn’t know how the sounds were made, but they believed the noise came from the breaking of air bubbles (泡) in the plants. This meant the noise produced by the plants was not on purpose. ⑤Animals and insects may benefit (受益) from the sound. For example, the sound can tell a butterfly that the plant is under stress and not a proper place to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to decide what to do, according to Science Focus. ⑥After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as rice, corn and grapes, and found they also made more sounds when stressed. Researchers said the study can help farmers in the future, as they can better take care of farm by “hearing” how plants feel. 1．According to the experiment, we know that _______. A．the plants produced the noise on purpose B．the plants which had the stems cut off were very quiet C．air bubbles in the plants broke and made the noise D．the untouched group made more sounds than the other two groups 2．How can animals and insects benefit from the sound of plants? A．To communicate by themselves. B．To break the air bubbles. C．To listen to other plants. D．To make right decisions. 3．The study may help farmers to _______ in the future. A．improve the growth of plants B．protect the environment C．tell the weather D．decide what to plant 4．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A．①|②③④|⑤⑥ B．①②|③④⑤|⑥ C．①②|③④|⑤⑥ D．①②③|④⑤|⑥ 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Plants that make sounds are tasty. B．Plants can show feelings by sounds. C．Researchers listen to plants. D．Animals benefit from the sounds. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音。 1．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers didn’t know how the sounds were made, but they believed the noise came from the breaking of air bubbles in the plants.”可知，植物中的气泡破裂并发出声音。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Animals and insects may benefit from the sound. For example, the sound can tell a butterfly that the plant is under stress and not a proper place to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to decide what to do, according to Science Focus.”可知，动物和昆虫可以通过植物发出的声音做出正确的决定。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Researchers said the study can help farmers in the future, as they can better take care of farm by ‘hearing’ how plants feel.”可知，研究人员说这项研究可以让农民在未来受益，他们可以通过“倾听”植物的感受来更好地照顾作物，从而提高产量。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。第一段，介绍一项新的研究成果，植物在受到压力时可以发出声音；第二段至第四段，介绍研究人员的研究情况，包括研究过程和结果；第五段和第六段，介绍了这项研究成果的影响；选项A“①|②③④|⑤⑥”符合文章的结构。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This thing will never really happen, but a new study shows that plants can make sounds when they are stressed.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，即植物在受到压力时会发出声音，也就是植物通过声音表达感受。故选B。 E（2024·广东揭阳·三模） “Welcome teammates!” read the Chinese calligraphy (书法) in the Tiangong space station. On April 26, the Shenzhou XVIII manned spaceship’s three astronauts successfully entered the space station and met with the Shenzhou XVII astronauts. The Shenzhou XVIII crew (乘组) members are Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu. “Being born in the 1980s and having all been pilots, we never run out of things to talk about,” Li Cong told Xinhua. The crew will carry out more than 90 experiments in space. They will study microgravity (微重力) in space, medicine and many other science topics, reported China Daily. This mission is special because it features China’s first space-based study of water ecosystems. The astronauts brought a fish tank (鱼缸) filled with water to the space station. Four zebrafish (斑马鱼) and algae (水藻) live inside it. The algae give the fish oxygen, keeping them alive. The tank can also feed the fish, control the temperature and lighting, and collect fish eggs by itself. Why zebrafish? They are very small vertebrates (脊椎动物) and they share 70 percent of their genes with humans. “Next, we plan on bringing mice to space. We’ll raise them there for a while and then bring them back to Earth for further study,” Zhang Wei from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院) told CCTV News. Studying animals in space can help scientists understand how the human body reacts (反应) to space conditions. The Shenzhou XVIII crew is expected to return in October after six months in space. Right now, China is about to finish picking its fourth batch (批) of astronauts. These new astronauts will join the team already working on space station missions and help achieve China’s first manned landing on the moon. 2．What is special about the Shenzhou XVIII mission according to Paragraph 5? A．It sent the youngest crew ever to the station B．It will study water ecosystems in space. C．It will carry out more than 90 experiments. D．It will study medicine and microgravity in space. 3．Why are zebrafish chosen to study in space? a. They are very small vertebrates.      b. They share over two-thirds of genes with humans. c. They eat and live on algae.            d. They can live without oxygen. A．ab B．ad C．bc D．cd 4．What is one of the future plans for China’s space missions as mentioned in the article? A．To bring plants to space for the first time. B．To study the effects of microgravity on algae. C．To create a self-sustaining ecosystem within the space station. D．To bring mice to space, raise them, and then bring them back for further study. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．More Chinese astronauts will set off in November. B．China will continue its journey in space exploration. C．China is ready to send astronauts to the moon. D．China has taken the lead in space exploration. 6．What is the main idea of the article? A．The experience of astronauts living in the Tiangong space station. B．The technological achievements of the Shenzhou XVIII mission. C．Future plans for China’s space exploration including a manned landing on the moon. D．An overview (概述) of China’s space mission featuring the Shenzhou XVIII crew and their research. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍中国太空任务：以神舟十八号机组人员和他们的研究为主要部分。 1．细节理解题。根据“This mission is special because it features China’s first space-based study of water ecosystems. ”可知，这次任务的特殊之处在于，它是中国首次在太空中对水生态系统进行研究。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“They are very small vertebrates (脊椎动物) and they share 70 percent of their genes with humans.”可知，斑马鱼被选在太空中研究是因为它们是非常小的脊椎动物以及它们与人类有70％的基因相同。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Next, we plan on bringing mice to space. We’ll raise them there for a while and then bring them back to Earth for further study,” Zhang Wei...”可知，把老鼠带到太空，饲养它们，然后把它们带回来做进一步的研究是中国太空任务未来的计划。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“These new astronauts will join the team already working on space station missions and help achieve China’s first manned landing on the moon.”可推知，中国将继续它的太空探索之旅。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍中国太空任务：以神舟十八号机组人员和他们的研究为主要部分。故选D。 F（2024·北京门头沟·一模） What is your understanding of self-control? How do you think it works? Do you think your self-control ability is limited or unlimited? Do you believe that after a long day you run out of energy, and you need to rest to get it refueled (补充燃料)? If this is the case, then you have a limited theory (理论) of self-control. Do you think that challenging activities don’t easily lose your energy? In that case you have a non-limited theory. In an experiment, researchers divided students into two groups based on their self-control theory and followed them during a term. Outside the exam period, there were no differences between the two groups. However, when requirements were high, students with a limited theory procrastinated (拖延) more, achieved a lower GPA (grade-point average) and ate more unhealthy food. Theories about self-control become a self-fulfilling prediction. If you think that self-control is limited, then you will give in to temptations (诱惑) more easily and find it harder to realize your goals. On the other hand, if you have a non-limited theory, you will be more successful with your goals. Interestingly, both ‘non-limited’ and ‘limited’ theorists feel just as tired immediately after exercising self-control. However, ‘non-limited’ theorists don’t take their feelings as a sign that they have depleted a limited resource and need to rest. In fact, they believe that a day full of challenging tasks ‘activates’ their self-control skills, which leaves them refreshed and more willing to make effort the next day. It seems that there’s a clear benefit to having the ‘right’ beliefs about self-control. How can you change your self-control theory? If you’re willing towards a ‘limited’ theory, we suggest that you try to persuade yourself or a friend that if they use effortless strategies, then self-control is not easily run out. Researchers have managed to experimentally control students’ self-control theories. There’s another, probably more powerful way to change your self-control theory. In a series of experiments, researchers asked participants to do an easy (e.g. keeping a diary) or a difficult (e.g. not eating sweets) task for 2 weeks. Before and after this period, they measured their self-control theories and self-control strength. Interestingly, the participants who did the more effortful task changed their beliefs toward the ‘limited’ theory by the end of the experiment. As a result, they made less effort in the final self-control task. This study shows that when we experience a lot of effort, it may act as a signal telling us that our self-control ability is limited. This in turn makes it more difficult for us to exercise self-control in the future. Therefore, if you use the more effortless strategies, you can automatically shape your self-control theory to be more non-limited, naturally improving your self-control. 1．If you believe your self-control ability is unlimited, you’ll feel ________. A．calm after the experiments B．satisfied after long-distance race C．confused by self-control activities D．energetic after self-control tasks 2．In the first experiment, the writer wants to tell us ________. A．the two groups of students got the same scores in the experiments B．beliefs about self-control changed the ability to avoid temptations C．students with a limited theory achieved more confidence and trusts D．students with a non-limited theory easily succeeded in the experiment 3．The word “depleted” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________. A．created B．saved C．collected D．emptied 4．The writer may agree that ________. A．you can change your beliefs to become more unlimited B．there’s a clear benefit to improve your skills and abilities C．you can use the effortless strategies to realize your goals D．you should persuade yourself to change the learning strategies 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是自我控制能力以及它是有限的还是无限的。 1．推理判断题。根据第五段中“However, ‘non-limited’ theorists don’t take their feelings as a sign that they have depleted a limited resource and need to rest. In fact, they believe that a day full of challenging tasks ‘activates’ their self-control skills, which leaves them refreshed and more willing to make effort the next day.”可知，“非受限”理论家认为充满挑战性任务的一天“激活”了他们的自我控制技能，这使他们精神焕发，更愿意在第二天做出努力，可见如果你相信你的自控能力是无限的，你会在完成自控任务后感到精力充沛。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theories about self-control become a self-fulfilling prediction. If you think that self-control is limited, then you will give in to temptations more easily and find it harder to realize your goals. On the other hand, if you have a non-limited theory, you will be more successful with your goals.”可知，关于自我控制的理论成为一种自我实现的预测，如果你认为自我控制是有限的，那么你会更容易屈服于诱惑，更难实现你的目标；另一方面，如果你有一个非限制性理论，你会更成功地实现你的目标。可推断出在第一个实验中，作者想告诉我们关于自我控制的信念改变了避免诱惑的能力。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“However, ‘non-limited’ theorists don’t take their feelings as a sign that they have depleted a limited resource and need to rest.”可知，然而，“非受限”理论家并不认为他们的感觉表明他们已经耗尽了有限的资源，需要休息；可推测出“depleted”意为“耗尽”，与“emptied”意思相近。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Therefore, if you use the more effortless strategies, you can automatically shape your self-control theory to be more non-limited, naturally improving your self-control.”可知，如果你使用更轻松的策略，你可以自动塑造你的自我控制理论，使其更加不受限制，自然会提高你的自制力。可推断出作者可能会同意“你可以改变你的信念，变得更加无限”的说法。故选A。 三、任务型阅读 （2024·山东威海·中考真题）阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Peer Pressure What peer pressure is Peers are people who are about the same age as you. Peer pressure is when one or more friends or people your own age make you feel pressured to do something. You feel as if you have to do that thing because your peers are doing it, or are trying to make you do it. Good peer pressure Good peer pressure is when you feel pressured to do something good. You might do something good for you, for others, or for the environment. Bad peer pressure Bad peer pressure is when you feel pressured to do something you shouldn’t do. For example, it might be something that goes against rules, something dangerous, or something bad for your health. It might also be something that goes against your values, or what you believe is good or right. ▲ ①If a friend tries to pressure you to do something, you might feel you should do it to please your friend. You might even feel that the person will not be your friend if you do not do it. ②People often want to be accepted by their peers and not feel as if they stand out because they are different in some way. Sometimes people are afraid others will make fun of them if they do not do what everyone else is doing. Make decisions when you feel peer pressure Here are some questions to ask yourself when you feel peer pressure to do something: ·Could I get into trouble for doing this? ·Might doing this hurt myself or another person, or hurt someone’s feelings? ·Does this go against my values? ·Will I feel sorry or embarrassed if my family, teachers, or others find out about it? If you answer “yes” to any of these questions, you are feeling bad peer pressure. If people keep pressuring you, say, “I do not want to talk about it anymore.” Then walk away and feel proud that you made a good decision. 1．Who are peers? （答案不超过9 个词） 2．What kinds of peer pressure are introduced in the passage? （答案不超过7个词） 3．Please fill the ▲ with a proper subtitle（小标题）.（答案不超过7个词） 4．What decisions should you make when you feel bad peer pressure? （答案不超过6个词） 5．Mike noticed that most students at school are wearing a certain type of running shoes. Now he is starting to feel that he should get the same kind of shoes, but no one has told him he should. Is Mike experiencing peer pressure? Use evidence (证据) from the passage to support your answer. （答案不限词数） 6．Share an example of how you solved your peer pressure. （答案不限词数） 【答案】1．People who are about the same age as you. 2．Good and bad peer pressure. / Good peer pressure and bad peer pressure. 3．Why peer pressure works / Why peer pressure can/will influence you / Why peer pressure influences you / Why people have peer pressure/ The reasons why you feel peer pressure / What will/can cause peer pressure / What will/can make you feel peer pressure/ When you have/feel peer pressure / How peer pressure works 4．Walk away. / Say no and walk away. / Refuse it and walk away. / Don’t talk about it anymore. / Walk away proudly. / Say no, walk away, feel proud. 5．Yes, he is. Because he wants to be accepted by his peers. / Because he doesn’t want to stand out. / Because he is afraid others will make fun of him. / Because he feels he has to do the same things as his peers. / Because he feels he has to wear the same shoes that his peers are wearing. 6．①My friend studied better than me. I felt peer pressure. I wanted to study as well as her. So I tried my best to study hard every day. Now, I have made great progress. / ②Some of my friends got their ears pierced. They kept pressuring me to get my ears pierced. I refused to do it because it went against my values and school rules. 【导语】本文主要介绍了同伴压力的定义、类型以及应对方法。 1．根据“Peers are people who are about the same age as you.”可知，peers是指和你年龄相仿的人。故填People who are about the same age as you. 2． 根据“Good peer pressure”和“Bad peer pressure”可知，文中介绍了两种同伴压力：好的同伴压力和坏的同伴压力。故填Good and bad peer pressure. / Good peer pressure and bad peer pressure. 3．根据文中内容，特别是“People often want to be accepted by their peers and not feel as if they stand out because they are different in some way.”可知，这一段主要讲述了为什么会有同伴压力/什么会造成同伴压力/同伴压力是如何奏效的。故填Why peer pressure works / Why peer pressure can/will influence you / Why peer pressure influences you / Why people have peer pressure/ The reasons why you feel peer pressure / What will/can cause peer pressure / What will/can make you feel peer pressure/ When you have/feel peer pressure / How peer pressure works。 4．根据文中“If you answer ‘yes’ to any of these questions, you are feeling bad peer pressure… Then walk away and feel proud that you made a good decision.”可知，当你感受到坏的同伴压力时，你应该表示拒绝，走开，并以你做出好的决定为傲。故填Walk away. / Say no and walk away. / Refuse it and walk away. / Don’t talk about it anymore. / Walk away proudly. / Say no, walk away, feel proud. 5．根据“Peer pressure is when you feel pressured to do something because your peers are doing it, or are trying to make you do it.”可知，即使没有人直接告诉Mike他应该买那种鞋，但他因为看到其他同学都穿那种鞋而感到自己也应该买，这就是同伴压力。故填Yes, he is. Because he wants to be accepted by his peers. / Because he doesn’t want to stand out. / Because he is afraid others will make fun of him. / Because he feels he has to do the same things as his peers. / Because he feels he has to wear the same shoes that his peers are wearing. 6．这个问题是开放性的，答案可以根据个人经历来回答。参考答案：①My friend studied better than me. I felt peer pressure. I wanted to study as well as her. So I tried my best to study hard every day. Now, I have made great progress./②Some of my friends got their ears pierced. They kept pressuring me to get my ears pierced. I refused to do it because it went against my values and school rules. 四、阅读还原 （2024·山东泰安·二模） A skywell, or “tian jing”, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. In the eras (时代) before air-conditioning, southern China’s skywells played a key role in keeping people’s homes cool. 84 Ru Ling loves spending time in skywells. To her, these courtyards of old Chinese houses are the perfect place to be on a hot and humid day. “ 1 ” says Ru. From 2014 to 2021, Ru lived in a century-old home in the village of Guanlu in eastern China’s Anhui Province. She moved there for a change of life after living and working in air-conditioned buildings for many years. Ru says that the house’s skywell helped to create this cooling effect. 2 Studies have found that the temperatures inside some of the skywells in southern China are significantly lower than the outside. In today’s China, fewer and fewer people live in houses with skywells. 3 But a revival (复苏) of interest in traditional Chinese architecture (建筑) is leading some historic buildings with skywells to be restored for modern times. Some architects are drawing inspiration from skywells to help keep new buildings cooler. Different from a northern Chinese courtyard, a skywell is smaller and less exposed to the outdoor environment. 4 It is either surrounded by rooms on four sides or three sides plus a wall. Some large houses have more than one skywell. A．They are airy, cool, and well-shaded. B．Air-conditioned flats are the main form of homes. C．Could they do it again today? D．Although a skywell’s size and design is different from region to region, it is almost always located in the core (核心) of a house. E．And she’s not alone in praising the benefits of skywells, in hot weather. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代的天井如何让住宅保持凉爽以及将天井引入现代建筑中创造性运用。 1．根据“In the eras (时代) before air-conditioning, southern China’s skywells played a key role in keeping people’s homes cool.”可知，在没有空调的时代，中国南方的天井在保持人们家中凉爽方面发挥了关键作用，此处提到了南方人和天井之间的情况，C选项“他们如今还会那样做吗”符合，故选C。 2．根据“ To her, these courtyards of old Chinese houses are the perfect place to be on a hot and humid day.”可知，这些中国老房子的庭院是炎热潮湿的日子里的完美去处，介绍了老房子庭院的好处，A选项“它们通风、凉爽、阴凉”符合，故选A。 3．根据“Ru says that the house’s skywell helped to create this cooling effect.”可知，此处提到了她对于天井的判断，E选项“在炎热的天气里，她并不是唯一一个称赞天井好处的人”符合，故选E。 4．根据“In today’s China, fewer and fewer people live in houses with skywells.”可知，在今天的中国，越来越少的人住在有天井的房子里，此处应介绍住宅的主要形式，B选项“有空调的公寓是住宅的主要形式”符合，故选B。 5．根据“Different from a northern Chinese courtyard, a skywell is smaller and less exposed to the outdoor environment. ”及“ It is either surrounded by rooms on four sides or three sides plus a wall. Some large houses have more than one skywell.”可知，此处应介绍天井的设计，D选项“虽然天井的大小和设计因地区而异，但它几乎总是位于房屋的核心”符合，故选D。 五、短文填空 01（2024·天津和平·三模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Are you an “I” person or an “E” person? We hear this question a lot these days. In f 1 , these are two personality (性格) types based on the MBTI test. Generally, an “I” person is shy and quiet, while an “E” person is outgoing. So what is the MBTI test? It’s a personality test that helps us understand our personality b 2 and tells us how we relate to the world around us. It was d 3 in the 1940 by Katharine Cook Briggs. When you take the MBTI test, you are given several sets of questions. For each question, you need to c 435 the answer that best matches your feelings, attitudes and behavior Then you’ll know what your personality type is. The MBTI test is popular for many r 4 . Let’s take a closer look at just a few. First people want to understand themselves. Human personality is very complex (复杂的), and this test provides a simple way for people to learn about t 437 . Next, taking the MBTI test is relaxing and enjoyable, b 5 its questions are interesting. Then, people try to find connections. The MBTI test o 6 a way to go beyond small talk and connect with other on a deeper level. Finally, while there are many kinds of personality tests on the market, the MBTI test is the most widely used. The MBTI test may show s 7 we don’t know about ourselves and can be a fun way to help us make new friends. But knowing someone’s MBTI results doesn’t m 8 we really know that person. Nor do the MBTI results define (定义) who we are. 【答案】 1．(f)act 2．(b)etter 3．(d)eveloped 4．(c)hoose 5．(r)easons 6．(t)hemselves 7．(b)ecause 8．(o)ffers 9．(s)omething 10．(m)ean 【导语】本文主要介绍了MBTI测试的相关内容，包括它的定义、起源、使用方法、流行原因等。 1．句意：事实上，根据MBTI测试，这是两种性格类型。此处是固定短语in fact“事实上”。故填(f)act。 2．句意：这是一种性格测试，可以帮助我们更好地了解自己的性格，并告诉我们如何与周围的世界联系起来。根据“It’s a personality test that helps us understand our personality”和首字母可知，MBTI测试可以帮助我们更好了解自己的性格。better“更好地”符合语境，故填(b)etter。 3．句意：它是在20世纪40年代由凯瑟琳·库克·布里格斯发明的。根据“by Katharine Cook Briggs.”和首字母可知，这个性格测试是这个人开发的。develop“开发”，动词，此处是一般过去时的被动语态，动词用过去分词，故填(d)eveloped。 4．句意：对于每个问题，你需要选择最符合你的感觉、态度和行为的答案，然后你就知道你的性格类型是什么了。根据“ the answer that best matches your feelings,”可知，是指选择符合自己的感觉、态度和行为的答案。choose“选择”，位于动词不定式符号to后，应用动词原形，故填(c)hoose。 5．句意：MBTI测试受欢迎的原因有很多。根据“The MBTI test is popular”和下文可知，介绍这个测试受欢迎的原因，这里应用复数名词reasons。故填(r)easons。 6．句意：人的性格是非常复杂的，这个测试为人们了解自己提供了一个简单的方法。根据“his test provides a simple way for people to learn about”可知，这个测试可以帮助人们了解自己，应用反身代词themselves，故填(t)hemselves。 7．句意：其次，参加MBTI考试是放松和愉快的，因为它的问题很有趣。分析句子可知，前后是因果关系，前果后因，故填(b)ecause。 8．句意：MBTI测试提供了一种超越闲聊的方式，可以在更深层次上与他人交流。根据“The MBTI test o...a way to go beyond small talk”可知，这个性格测试提供了一种超越闲聊的方式。offer“提供”，动词，句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填(o)ffers。 9．句意：MBTI测试可能会显示一些我们不知道的关于我们自己的东西，可以是一个有趣的方式来帮助我们结交新朋友。“ we don’t know about ourselves”是定语从句，空处是先行词，结合首字母和本句是肯定句可知，something“某事”符合语境，故填(s)omething。 10．句意：但知道某人的MBTI测试结果并不意味着我们真的了解这个人。根据“Nor do the MBTI results define (定义) who we are.”可知，知道了MBTI测试结果并不意味着我们真的了解这个人。mean“意味着”，动词，助动词后跟动词原形。故填(m)ean。 02（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题） 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 The game of Go (围棋) is an important board game, which started in China more than 4,000 years ago. In China, Go is c 1 as “hand conversations” as well, in which players communicate with each other. In other words, they “t 2 ” through the placing of pieces on the board. The metaphor (比喻) was first used by Zhi Daolin, a Buddhist master of the Jin Dynasty. It shows the n 3 of the game. While knowledgeable people of his time often lost t 4 in philosophical (哲学的) discussions on life and universe, he p 5 to play Go which he thought was full of philosophy of life. Master Go players often feel like they are playing a game in r 6 life. Sometimes one can move forward; sometimes one must slow down. Sometimes one can d 7 face the challenger; sometimes one must take an indirect method. Proper placement of each tiny Go piece is similar to how one might s 8 a difficult problem of life. The p 9 of playing Go is not just to win but also, more importantly, to achieve wisdom in the game. The players work together to play a good game, instead of fighting as e 10 . 【答案】 1．(c)onsidered 2．(t)alk 3．(n)ature 4．(t)hemselves 5．(p)referred 6．(r)eal 7．(d)irectly 8．(s)olve 9．(p)urpose 10．(e)nemies 【导语】本文介绍了中国围棋背后的精神以及它体现出的生活哲理。 1．句意：在中国，围棋也被认为是一种“手谈”，玩家之间进行交流。根据“hand conversations”可知是被认为是一种“手谈”，be considered as“被认为”。故填(c)onsidered。 2．句意：换句话说，他们通过在板上放置棋子来“交谈”。根据“hand conversations”及首字母可知，围棋被认为是“手谈”，即通过放置棋子来“交谈”，talk“谈话”，句子用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形。故填(t)alk。 3．句意：它展示了游戏的本质。根据“The metaphor (比喻) was first used”及首字母可知，这个比喻展示了游戏的本质，nature“自然”。故填(n)ature。 4．句意：虽然他那个时代的知识渊博的人经常沉迷在关于生命和宇宙的哲学讨论中，但他更喜欢玩围棋，他认为围棋充满了生命哲学。根据“in philosophical (哲学的) discussions on life and universe”及首字母可知，那些人沉迷于关于生命和宇宙的哲学讨论中，lose oneself in“沉迷于”，此处用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填(t)hemselves。 5．句意：虽然他那个时代的知识渊博的人经常沉迷在关于生命和宇宙的哲学讨论中，但他更喜欢玩围棋，他认为围棋充满了生命哲学。根据“to play Go”及首字母可知，他更喜欢玩围棋，prefer“更喜欢”，根据“lost”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(p)referred。 6．句意：围棋大师经常觉得自己在现实生活中玩游戏。根据“Master Go players often feel like they are playing a game”及首字母可知，是认为自己是现实生活中玩游戏，real“现实的”。故填(r)eal。 7．句意：有时，一个人可以直接面对挑战者。根据“face the challenger; sometimes one must take an indirect method”及首字母可知，是直接面对挑战者，修饰动词用副词directly“直接地”。故填(d)irectly。 8．句意：每个小围棋棋子的正确放置类似于一个人如何解决生活中的难题。根据“a difficult problem of life”及首字母可知，是解决生活中的难题，solve“解决”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填(s)olve。 9．句意：下围棋的目的不仅仅是赢，更重要的是在游戏中获得智慧。根据“of playing Go is not just to win”及首字母可知，玩围棋的目的不仅仅是赢，purpose“目的”，名词用单数。故填(p)urpose。 10．句意：玩家们一起努力玩一场好游戏，而不是像敌人一样战斗。根据“fighting as...”及首字母可知，是像敌人一样战斗，enemy“敌人”，此处表泛指用名词复数。故填(e)nemies。 03（2024·福建厦门·一模） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Miao people believe that birds are important for harvests. That’s why people see beautiful birdcages (鸟笼) 1 (hang) in front of many houses in the Miao villages. Wang Qiu 2 (be) an inheritor (传承人) of the Kala birdcage-making craft (工艺). She has learned and developed the craft for 18 years 3 she married her husband in 2005. Her teacher is Wang Yuhe, 4 local inheritor of the skill in Guizhou, and also her husband’s father. “Each birdcage is 5 (make) of the strong moso bamboo and the flexible (柔韧的) water bamboo. Together, they make up a strong birdcage,” explained Wang. “The Kala birdcage is famous 6 its strength (牢固度).” As a member of a younger generation, Wang thought 7 (careful) to try something new. She designs and makes everyday 8 (product), from bookshelves to earrings in the shape of Kala birdcages. To show Kala birdcages to more people, Wang shares videos of her skills on social media. “I hope that my videos can make more people learn about the 9 (amaze) Kala birdcage-making skill. In this way, people will know more about the Miao people and their great culture,” Wang said. In fact, the craft has also become an important way for local people to get 10 (rich) than before. 【答案】 1．hanging 2．is 3．since 4．a 5．made 6．for 7．carefully 8．products 9．amazing 10．richer 【导语】本文介绍了苗寨的卡拉鸟笼的制作工艺及发展。 1．句意：这就是为什么在苗族村庄的很多房子前面都挂着漂亮的鸟笼。see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，此处是指看见鸟笼正挂在房前，动词应用现在分词形式。故填hanging。 2．句意：王秋是卡拉鸟笼制作工艺的传承人。这里是一般现在时，主语Wang Qiu是单数，因此be动词用is。故填is。 3．句意：自2005年与丈夫结婚以来，她已经学习并发展了这门手艺18年。根据“She has learned and developed the craft for 18 years”可知，主句是现在完成时，从句应是since“自从”引导的时间状语从句。故填since。 4．句意：她的老师是贵州当地的技艺传承人王玉和，也是她丈夫的父亲。根据“local inheritor”可知，这里表示泛指，且local是以辅音音素开头，用a修饰。故填a。 5．句意：每个鸟笼都是由结实的毛竹和柔韧的水竹制成的。根据“is ... of the strong moso bamboo and the flexible (柔韧的) water bamboo”可知，鸟笼是由毛竹和水竹制成，be made of“由……制成”，固定短语。故填made。 6．句意：卡拉鸟笼以其坚固而闻名。根据“The Kala birdcage is famous ... its strength”可知，是指卡拉鸟笼以坚固著称，be famous for“以……而闻名”，固定短语。故填for。 7．句意：作为年轻一代的成员，王仔细地思考着尝试一些新的东西。此处应用副词carefully“仔细地”修饰动词thought。故填carefully。 8．句意：她设计和制作日常用品，从书架到卡拉鸟笼形状的耳环。根据“from bookshelves to earrings in the shape of Kala birdcages”可知，product“产品”应用复数形式表泛指。故填products。 9．句意：我希望我的视频能让更多的人了解卡拉鸟笼的惊人制作技巧。根据“Kala birdcage-making skill”可知，修饰物应用形容词amazing“惊人的”。故填amazing。 10．句意：事实上，这种工艺也成为当地人比以前更富有的重要方式。由“than”可知，这里用rich的比较级richer。故填richer。 04（2024·山西长治·二模） 请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。 you, find, compare, do, help, recycle, awful, healthy, suggest, reason, general, wonder Have you ever considered eating less meat? There are lots of good 1 why you might try. It’s kinder to animals, and it’s better for 2 health and the environment. According to the United Nations, more than 14% of man-made greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放物) come from animal farming. If you stop eating meat, you 3 animals, yourself, and the planet! However, beef noodles taste good. Chicken hamburgers taste good. Can you imagine giving these 4 things up? Well, maybe you don’t need 5 that. Now, many plant-based meats (素肉) are made. They look, taste, and feel just like real meats. But is a plant-based burger really 6 than a burger made with beef? A new study suggests that the answer is yes—and no. Researchers from the George Institute for Global Health studied the nutrients (营养物) in 132 plant-based meats, and 7 them to real meats. They found that plant-based meats had less unhealthy fat (脂肪). So 8 speaking, plant-based meats are better than real meats. However, they aren’t quite healthy enough. The researchers found that plant-based meats often have more sugar, and don’t have important nutrients that 9 in real meats such as vitamin B12. Because of this, the researchers came up with the 10 that people get these nutrients from other foods such as eggs and milk. 【答案】 1．reasons 2．your 3．will help 4．wonderful 5．to do 6．healthier 7．compared 8．generally 9．are found 10．suggestion 【导语】本文主要讲述了人们少吃肉带来的好处，并且介绍了素肉的优缺点。 1．句意：有很多很好的理由让你去尝试。分析“There are lots of good...why you might try.”可知，空格处是定语从句的先行词，定语从句的引导词是why，所以空格处应选名词reason“理由”作先行词，lots of后接可数名词的复数形式，所以空格处应填reason的复数形式reasons。故填reasons。 2．句意：它对动物更友好，对你的健康和环境更好。结合所给单词和空后的health可知，所以空格处应填you的形容词性物主代词your“你的”，修饰名词health。故填your。 3．句意：如果你停止吃肉，你将帮助动物，你自己，和这个星球！根据上文“According to the United Nations, more than 14% of man-made greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放物) come from animal farming.”可知，根据联合国的数据，超过14%的人为温室气体排放来自畜牧业。由此推知，此处表示如果你停止吃肉，你将帮助动物，你自己，和这个星球。动词help意为“帮助”，结合“If you stop eating meat”可知，本句含有if引导的条件状语从句，从句是一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，结构是：will+动词原形。故填will help。 4．句意：你能想象放弃这些美好的东西吗？结合提示词和上文“...beef noodles taste good. Chicken hamburgers taste good”可知，此处表示放弃牛肉面和鸡肉汉堡这样美好的东西，wonder的形容词形式wonderful“美好的”符合语境。故填wonderful。 5．句意：或许你不需要这么做。分析“maybe you don’t need...that”可知，此处表示或许你不需要这么做。空格处应选动词do“做”，结合短语need to do sth.“需要做某事”可知，空格处应填动词不定式to do。故填to do。 6．句意：但是素肉汉堡真的比牛肉汉堡健康吗？根据下文“They found that plant-based meats had less unhealthy fat (脂肪).”可推知，此处表示素肉汉堡真的比牛肉汉堡健康吗。空格处应选形容词healthy“健康的”，结合than可知，空格处应用healthy的比较级healthier。故填healthier。 7．句意：乔治全球健康研究所的研究人员研究了132种素肉的营养成分，并将它们与真正的肉类进行了比较。根据下文“They found that plant-based meats had less unhealthy fat (脂肪).”可知，此处表示把素肉和真正的肉类进行了比较。动词compare意为“比较”，根据studied可知，时态是一般过去时，所以动词compare要变成过去式compared。故填compared。 8．句意：所以一般来说，素肉比真正的肉类更好。结合所给单词和空后的speaking可知，此处应用短语generally speaking“一般来说”。故填generally。 9．句意：研究人员发现，素肉通常含糖量更高，而且不含真正肉类中的重要营养成分，如维生素B12。分析“don’t have important nutrients that...in real meats”可知，空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，从句的主语是that，先行词是nutrients，此处表示素肉不含在真正的肉类中发现的重要营养成分，动词find意为“发现”，主语that和动词find之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据上文“plant-based meats often have more sugar”可知，时态是一般现在时，所以空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构是：am/is/are+动词过去分词，先行词nutrients表示复数，所以be动词应用are，动词find变成过去分词found。故填are found。 10．句意：正因为如此，研究人员提出了人们从鸡蛋和牛奶等其他食物中获取这些营养的建议。根据“people get these nutrients from other foods such as eggs and milk”可知，这是研究人员提出的建议，suggest的名词形式suggestion“建议”符合语境。故填suggestion。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$