精品解析：上海市西中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

学科网 组卷网 市西中学2024学年第一学期期中考试 高三英语 2024.10 考生注意: 1. 考试时间105分钟,试卷满分115分。 2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上.做在 试卷上一律不得分。 3. 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary(20 分) SectionA Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the otlle blanks. use one word that best fits each blank Chinese Hogwarts fans will be treated to a wide re-release of all eight Harry Potter movies throughout October and November. Since its debut(首映)more than 25 years ago, the saga(长篇故事)of the young wizard has become a cultural phenomenon, ranking among 1 (successful) entertainment franchises(特别经营权)in history Scores of moviegoers in mainland China are excited about the news, despite many having done so before and other swell-versed with the novel. Why is the franchise still popular. though. thirteen years after the final movie of the series 2(release)? Fans of the original books were thrilled to know 3 would be playing their favorite characters. The cast of the movies was hand-picked by the author J. K. Rowling herself. ensuring that the characters matched her imagination. Then the breathtaking visual effects captured and 4 (transfer) the magical moments from the books faithfully onto the silver screen. But all in all, nothing would have been possible without the books themselves. Rowling created a new world with writing so descriptive that readers can easily imagine themselves 5 (live) in it alongside the fictional characters. The three main characters are no more strangers to the young readers than their classmates at school. They are relatable 6 they think and act the same way as the readers do Rowling pays attention to genuine feelings and would never use the genre as an excuse for logical flaws and shallow characters. Instead, the series keeps exploring the possibilities of bringing the real world into children's 第1页/共27页 学科网 组卷网 books When the first book came out in 19o7. it was the dream of all kids and teenagers-an escape 7 the real world into a magical one. But as the readers grew up, so did Rowling's writing. The series started off quite simple in its language and themes, but gradually developed into 8 more serious and complex. Rowling also touched upon dark themes, such as death and mental health, which children's books usually avoid. The series helps childrer to learn about and adapt to the somewhat unforgiving world of reality. As the young readers mature, the evolving writing style and the developing stories make them 9 (addict) to The Harry Potter books have shaped a generation and will go on to affect the next. The books are essentially centered on the principles of friendship, love and loyalty. They also teach about the importance of knowledge and how to deal with losses. These are morals and lessons that go beyond the distinctions of gender, race and nationality. Readers can always find something inspiring in the world of Harry Potter, 1o their age. That's what makes the magic everlasting 【答案】1. the most successful 2. was released 3.who 4. transferred 5. living 6. because 7. from 8. something 9. addicted 10. whatever 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《哈利·波特》系列电影在中国重映的情况,分析了该系列 作品为何能够持续受到欢迎,并探讨了书籍所传递的核心价值观和道德观念。 【1题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意:自25多年前首映以来,这位年轻巫师的传奇故事已成为一种文化现象,路身史 上最成功的娱乐系列之列。根据下文“Scores of moviegoers in mainlandChina are excited about the news despite many having done so before and other swell-versedwith the novel."以及常理可知,这个故事路身史上 最成功的娱乐系列之列。空处为形容词最高级形式。故填themostsuccessful。 【2题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意:然而,在该系列最后一部电影上映13年后,这一系列为何仍然如此受欢迎呢?分析 句子成分可知,空处考查从句的谓语动词;根据时间状语“thirteenyears”可推测,从句的时态为一般过去 第2页/共27页 学科网 组卷网 时;主语为“thefinalmovie of the series”,单数,和动词“release”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故 填was released. 【3题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意:原著粉丝们得知自己喜爱的角色将由谁来扮演时激动不已。分析句子成分可知,空 处考查宾语从句的连接词;宾语从句缺主语,表示人,用who引导。故填who。 【4题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意:随后,令人惊叹的视觉效果忠实地捕捉并展现了书中那些魔法时刻, 将其呈现在大 银幕上。分析句子成分可知,空处考查并列谓语;根据“and”前的“capture”可知,时态为一般过去时。 故填transferred。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意:罗琳用生动的笔触创造了一个新世界,让读者能够轻易地想象自己与小说中的虚 构人物生活在一起。imaginedoingsth“想象做某事”,用动名词作宾语。故填living。 【6题详解】 考查状语从句。句意:他们之所以引起共鸣,是因为他们的想法和行为与读者相同。分析句子成分可知 空处考查原因状语从句的连词,用because引导。故填because。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意:当第一本书于1997年出版时,它是所有孩子和青少年的梦想-逃离现实世界,进入一 个神奇的世界。根据句意可知,空处考查固定搭配:anescapefrom,意为“逃避......”,符合句意。故填from。 【8题详解】 考查代词。句意:这一系列在语言和主题上起初颇为简单,但逐渐发展得更加严肃和复杂。根据句意可知 空处指的是“某件事”,用不定代词“something”。故填something 【9题详解】 考查形容词。句意:随着年轻读者的成长,不断变化的写作风格和不断发展的故事情节让他们欲罢不能。 分析句子成分可知,空处考查为形容词addicted担当宾语补足语,意为“对.....上瘾”。故填addicted。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句。句意:无论年龄大小,读者都能在哈利·波特的世界中找到激励自已的东西。根据句意可 知,空处考查让步状语从句的连词,意为“无论什么.....”,用whatever引导。故填whatever。 Section B Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need 第3页/共27页 学科网 组卷网 C. concerns A. advancements B. avenues D. contributed E. crafted F. crediting I. honouring G. foundational H. highlighted J. integrated K. significant Machine learning pioneers win Nobel prize in physics Two pioneers in the field of artificial intelligence, John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2o24. Their 11 work on artificial neural networks, inspired by the human brain has reyolutionized the way we think about machines and their ability to learn from dat John Hopfield. an emeritus(荣誉退体的)professor at Princeton University in the US. 12 an associative memory system capable of storing and retrieving(检索)complex patterns. much like the human brain does with memories. Geoffrey Hinton, a British-Canadian professor at the University of Toronto, known as the "godfather of AI. " 13 to a method that allows neural networks to independently uncover features within data, a cornerstone of today's large-scale artificial neural networks Their research, which began in the 198Os, has enabled machine learning through the use of artificial neura networks. leading to 14 in language translation and generative AI. like ChatGPT. The Nobel Committee for Physics noted that these networks have not only advanced various physics fields but have alse become 15 into everyday technologies, significantly impacting society Hinton, 76. gained attention last vear when he left Google to voice 16 about the potential dangers of AI. He warned about the risks of machines surpassing human intelligence and the ensuing implications fo misinformation, job markets, and human existence. Despite the concerns, he also 17 the potential benefits such as improvements in healthcare and productivity Prof. Michael Wooldridge, a computer scientist at the University of Oxford. praised the award as a proof of the profound impact of AI on science, noting that the success of neural networks has unlocked new 18 for dat analysis. Prof Dame Wendy Hall. a computer scientist at the University of Southampton. expressed surprise at the choice of awarding the prize in physics, given that there is no Nobel Prize for computer science, but acknowledged the _19 influence of artificial neural networks on physics research In summary. the Nobel Prize in Physics 2o24 celebrates the transformative impact of AI research on science and society. 20 the contributions of Hopfield and Hinton in shaping the future of intelligent machines 【答案】11.G 12.E 13.D 14A 第4页/共27页 学科网 组卷网 15.1 16.C 17. H 18. B 19K 20.1 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖授予了人工智能领域的两位先驱--约 翰·霍普菲尔德和杰弗里·辛顿,并详细介绍了他们在人工神经网络方面的贡献以及这一领域的发展和对 社会的影响。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意;他们受人类大脑启发,在人工神经网络方面的基础性工作彻底改变了我们对机器及其 从数据中学习能力的看法。空处为形容词形式修饰空后的名词“work”。根据下文“GeoffreyHinton.a British-Canadian professor at the University of Toronto, known as the "godfather of AI," 3_ to a method that allows neural networks to independently uncover features within data, a cornerstone of today's large-scale artificialneuralnetworks”可知,他们的工作是奠定了当今大规模人工神经网络的基石。选项G “foundational”,形容词,意为“基础的”,符合句意。故选G 【12题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意:约翰·霍普菲尔德是美国普林斯顿大学的荣誉退体教授,他创造了一种联想记忆系 统,能够存储和检索复杂的模式,就像人类大脑处理记忆一样。根据空后的“anassociativememorysystem” 可知,这位教投创造了一种联想记忆系统。选项E“crafted”,意为“起草、草拟”,符合句意。故选E。 【13题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意:杰弗里·辛频是多伦多大学的英畜加拿大教授,被誉为“人工智能教父”,他提出 的一种方法使神经网络能够独立地发现数据中的特征,这是当今大规模人工神经网络的基石。根据上文 “knownas the“godfatherofAI””可知,这位教授对于这个方法做出了贡献。选项D“contributed”,和“to” 构成短语:contributeto,意为“对......做出贡献”,符合句意。故选D。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意:他们的研究始于20世纪80年代,通过使用人工神经网络实现了机器学习,推动了语言 翻译和生成式人工智能(如ChatGPT)等领域的发展。根据上文可知,这两位教授被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。 由此可推测,这两个人的研究推动了语言翻译和生成式人工智能(如ChatGPT)等领域的发展。选项A “advancements”,名词,意为“发展、进步”,符合句意。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查过去分词。句意:诺贝尔物理学委员会指出,这些网络不仅推动了多个物理学领域的发展,还融入了 第5页/共27页 学科网 组卷网 日常技术,对社会产生了重大影响。根据下文“significantlyimpactingsociety”可知,这些网络融入了日常 技术。选项]“integrated”,意为“融入的”,符合句意。故选J。 16题详解】 考查名词。句意:76岁的辛顿去年因离开谷歌并表达了对人工智能潜在危险的担忧而备受关注。根据下文 “He warned about the risks of machines surpassing human intelligence and the ensuing implications for misinformation. jobmarkets.andhuman existence.”可知,辛顿对此抱有担忧。选项C“concerns”,意为“担 忧”,符合句意。故选C。 【17题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意:尽管存在这些担忧,他也强调了潜在的益处,如医疗保健和生产力的提高。根据空 后“the potential benefits, such as improvements in healthcare and productivity"可知,他强调了潜在的益处。 选项H“highlighted”,意为“强调”,符合句意。故选H。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意:牛津大学的计算机科学家迈克尔·伍尔德里奇教授赞扬了这一奖项,认为这是人工智能 对科学产生深远影响的证明,并指出神经网络的成功为数据分析开辟了新的途径。根据空后的“fordata analysis”以及句意可知,神经网络的成功为数据分析开辟了新的途径。选项B“avenues”,意为“途径” 符合句意。故选B。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意:南安普顿大学的计算机科学家温迪·霍尔教授对物理学奖的选择表示惊讶,因为计算 机科学没有诺贝尔奖,但她也承认人工神经网络对物理学研究产生了重大影响。根据上文内容可知,人工 神经网络对物理学研究有重大的影响。选项K“significant”,意为“重要的”,符合句意。故选K。 20题详解】 考查动词。句意:综上所述,2024年诺贝尔物理学奖表彰了人工智能研究对科学和社会的变革性影响,并 致敬了霍普菲尔德和辛顿在塑造智能机器未来方面的贡献。根据空后“thecontributionsofHopfieldand Hinton inshapingthe future of intelligentmachines.”可知,空处指的是奖项致敬了霍普菲尔德和辛顿在塑造 智能机器未来方面的贡献。选项I“honouring”,意为“向......致敬”,符合句意。现在分词作状语。故选 1。 II. Reading Comprehension(45 分 SectionA Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context 第6页/共27页 学科网 组卷网 Is a Science-Based Education the Way to Go? In this present age when we are heavily dependent on science and technology, a science-based education system naturally becomes prevalent to equip the young with knowledge of the 21 of our world around them. The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy, certainly help us to grasp not only the 22 of Earth, but also the significance of human beings in the universe. Moreover, as people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment, a science-based education seems to be well 23 to humanity's inquisitive nature. 24 . it remains questionable whether a science-based education is able to paint a complete picture of the world Certainly, it equips us with the knowledge of 25 which is necessary for us to make sense of the world. By laying the foumdation of the skills in students, they will be equipped with the necessary skills to discover the world as 26 by science today. A classic example is Gregor Mendel's famous pea plant experiment Without this, we would not have understood the 27 of our genes, nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents Additionally. the scientific method highlights the importance of 28 . which is instrumental in the acquisition of knowledge. In a typical science-based educational system, students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles. Besides, a science-based education empowers us to 29 preconceived(预想的) concepts instead of merely accepting "facts" at face value Despite its 30 . a science-based education does not always enlighten us about certain aspects of the world that can't be rationalized through the scientific method. Though it explains how the world works, it is lacking as it does not 31 much about why things happen. For example, science can provide a neurological explanation on how we perceive breathtaking scenery, but it can't explain what constitutes beauty or why we are so innately drawn to it. Thus. to 32 , the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the worldat large Moreover, science may have great emphasis on progress that may come at a great 33 to the world. A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs may well 34 the study of ethical controversies and significant historical events. For instance. it remains to be seen whether cloning is morally acceptable In conclusion, a science-based education coupled with adequate exposure to ethics, values and the humanities would 35 students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world C. truths 21. A. mechanics B. inventions D. objectives 第7页/共27页 学科网 组卷网 22. A. significance B. evolution C. composition D. prospect 23. A. subjected B. reduced C. entitled D. tailored C. Instead 24. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover D. Therefore B. suspicion C. inquiry 25. A doubt D. consultation B. explained C. assessed 26. A. framed D. justified B. burst 27. A. dependence C. consciousness D. function C. curiosity 28. A. objectivity B. illustration D. inquiry 29. A. deny B. challenge C. dismiss D. highlight B. expenses 30. A. margins C. initiatives D. virtues C. reveal B. care 31. A. worry D. enclose 32. A. draw a parallel B. make ends meet C. strike a balance D. make a comparison C. discount 33. A. cost B. advantage D. angle C. further 34. A. underline B. prioritize D. neglect 35. A. assist C. occupy B. furnish D. engage 22.B 25.C 26. B 27. D 28.A 23.D 24.A 29. B 【答案】21.A 30. D 31.C 34.D 32.C 33.A 35.B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文意主要说明了以科学为基础的教育是否正确的问题,解释了以科学为基础的 教育的优缺点。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:在我们严重依赖科学技术的当今时代,以科学为基础的教育体系自然变得普遍 以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。A.mechanics机械学:B. inventions发明:C.truths真理:D.objectives 目标。根据后文“The various disciplines of science. such asbiology and astronomy”可知,此处指以科学为基 础的教育体系自然变得普遍,以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:科学的各个学科,如生物学和天文学,当然不仅帮助我们掌握地球的进化,而 且还帮助我们掌握人类在宇宙中的意义。A.significance重要性:B.evolution进化:C.composition作品 D. prospect 预期。根据上 文“The various disciplines of science, such as biology and astronomy, certainly help us tograspnotonlythe”指这些学科帮助学生掌握地球的进化。故选B。 【23题详解】 第8页/共27页 学科回 组卷网 考查动词词义辨析。句意:此外,由于人类天生就有控制环境的欲望,以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人 类好奇的天性。Asubiected使遭受:B.reduced减少:Centitled使享受权利:D.tailored定制,迎合。根掘 上文“people naturally have an inborndesire to control the environment”可知,人类天生就有控制环境的欲望 以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人类好奇的天性,tailor此处表示“迎合”符合语境。故选D 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,以科学为基础的教育是否能够描绘出世界的完整图景仍然值得怀疑。A Nevertheless然而;B.Moreover此外;C. Instead反而:D.Therefore因此。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系 故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然,它使我们具备探究的知识,这是我们理解世界所必需的。A.doubt怀疑; B. suspicion猜想;C. inquiry探究,询问;D. consultation商讨。后文“Aclassic example isGregorMendel's famouspeaplantexperiment”提出了孟德尔著名的碗豆植物实验,说明以科学为基础的教育让学生学会探究. 从而理解世界。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:通过为学生奠定技能基础,他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能。 A. framed制订;B. explained解释;C. assessed评估;D. justified证明。根据上文“discover the world as”此 处指当今科学所解释的世界,故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果没有这一点,我们就无法理解基因的功能,也无法理解后代与父母惊人相 似的原因。A.dependence依赖;B.burst爆发:C. consciousness知觉;D. function功能。根据后文“ofou genes, nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents”可知,通过为学生奠定技能基 础,他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能,如果没有这一点,我们就无法理解基因的功能 也无法理解后代与父母惊人相似的原因。故选D. 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:此外,科学方法强调客观性的重要性,这是获取知识的工具。Aobiectivity客观 性;B. illustration插图:C. curiosity好奇心:D. inquiry询问。根据后文“Ina typical science-based educational system, students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles.(在典型的以科学 为基础的教育体系中,学生被教导客观地分析经验数据并得出科学原理)”可知,科学方法强调了客观性。 故选A。 【29题详解】 第9页/共27页 学科网 组卷网 考查动词词义辨析。句意;此外,以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念,而不是仅仅接受 表面上的“事实”。A.deny否认;B. challenge挑战:C.dismiss解散:D. highlight突出。根据后文“instead of merelyaccepting“facts”atface value”指以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念,而不是仅 仅接受表面上的“事实”。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管有其优点,但以科学为基础的教育并不总能让我们了解无法通过科学方法 合理化的世界的某些方面。A.margins利润;B. expenses花费;C. initiatives积极性;D.virtues优点。上文 主要说明了以科学为基础的教育帮助学生理解世界,发展自身能力,即优点。故选D 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然它解释了世界是如何运作的,但它并没有揭示很多事情发生的原因,因此 存在不足。A. worry担心:B. care关心;C. reveal揭露;D. enclose包围。根据后文“much about why things happen”指这种教育没有揭示很多事情发生的原因,存在不足。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:因此,为了达到平衡,艺术为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见 解。A.drawa parallel作比较;B. make endsmeet收支平衡;C. strike a balance 达到平衡;D. make a comparison 进行比较。根据后文“the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large”可知 艺术是为了平衡科学的不足,为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见解。故选C。 33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:此外,科学可能非常强调进步,这可能会让世界付出巨大的代价。A.cost花费; B. advantage优势;C.discount打折;D.angle角度。根据后文提到以科学为基础的教育,只关注最新的科 学突破,很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究,说明科学可能非常强调进步,这可能会让世界 付出巨大的代价。故选A 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:以科学为基础的教育,只关注最新的科学突破,很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重 大历史事件的研究。A.underline强调:B.prioritize优先考虑;C. further促进;D.neglect忽视。根据上文“A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs”可知,只关注最新的科学突破 很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:总之,以科学为基础的教育,加上充分接触伦理、价值观和人文学科,将使学 生对世界的复杂本质有更深入的了解。A.assist帮助;B. furnish提供,配备家具;C.occupy占据;D.engage 第10页/共27页可学科网可组卷网 市西中学2024学年第一学期期中考试 高三英语 2024.10 考生注意： 1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。 2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在 试卷上一律不得分。 3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。 I.Grammar and Vocabulary(20) Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word,for the otller blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. Chinese Hogwarts fans will be treated to a wide re-release of all eight Harry Potter movies throughout October and November.Since its debut(首映)more than25 years ago,.the saga(长篇故事)of the young wizard has become a cultural phenomenon,ranking among_L_(successful)entertainment franchises(特别经营权)in history. Scores of moviegoers in mainland China are excited about the news,despite many having done so before and other swell-versed with the novel.Why is the franchise still popular,though,thirteen years after the final movie of the series2_(release)？ Fans of the original books were thrilled to know3 would be playing their favorite characters.The cast of the movies was hand-picked by the author J.K.Rowling herself,ensuring that the characters matched her imagination.Then the breathtaking visual effects captured and 4(transfer)the magical moments from the books faithfully onto the silver screen.But all in all,nothing would have been possible without the books themselves. Rowling created a new world with writing so descriptive that readers can easily imagine themselves5 (live)in it alongside the fictional characters.The three main characters are no more strangers to the young readers than their classmates at school.They are relatable6they think and act the same way as the readers do. Rowling pays attention to genuine feelings and would never use the genre as an excuse for logical flaws and shallow characters.Instead,the series keeps exploring the possibilities of bringing the real world into children's 第1页/共14页 可学科网 函组卷网 books. When the first book came out in 1997,it was the dream of all kids and teenagers-an escape 7the real world into a magical one.But as the readers grew up.so did Rowling's writing.The series started off quite simple in its language and themes,but gradually developed into 8 more serious and complex.Rowling also touched upon dark themes,such as death and mental health,which children's books usually avoid.The series helps children to learn about and adapt to the somewhat unforgiving world of reality.As the young readers mature,the evolving writing style and the developing stories make them9(addict)to. The Harry Potter books have shaped a generation and will go on to affect the next.The books are essentially centered on the principles of friendship,love and loyalty.They also teach about the importance of knowledge and how to deal with losses.These are morals and lessons that go beyond the distinctions of gender.race and nationality.Readers can always find something inspiring in the world of Harry Potter,10 their age.That's what makes the magic everlasting. Section B Directions:Complete the passage with the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.advancements B.avenues C.concers D.contributed E.crafted F.crediting G.foundational H.highlighted I.honouring J.integrated K.significant Machine learning pioneers win Nobel prize in physics Two pioneers in the field of artificial intelligence,John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton,have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2024.Their11 work on artificial neural networks,inspired by the human brain, has revolutionized the way we think about machines and their ability to learn from data John Hopfield,.an emeritus(荣誉退休的)professor at Princeton University in the US,12an associative memory system capable of storing and retrieving()complex patterns.much like the human brain does with memories.Geoffrey Hinton,a British-Canadian professor at the University of Toronto,known as the "godfather of AI,"13to a method that allows neural networks to independently uncover features within data,a comnerstone of today's large-scale artificial neural networks. Their research,which began in the 1980s,has enabled machine learning through the use of artificial neural networks,leading to14 in language translation and generative AI,like ChatGPT.The Nobel Committee 第2页/共14页 可学科网可组卷网 for Physics noted that these networks have not only advanced various physics fields but have also become 15 into everyday technologies,significantly impacting society. Hinton.76,gained attention last year when he left Google to voice16about the potential dangers of AI.He warned about the risks of machines surpassing human intelligence and the ensuing implications for misinformation,job markets,and human existence.Despite the concerns,he also17 the potential benefits, such as improvements in healthcare and productivity Prof.Michael Wooldridge,a computer scientist at the University of Oxford,praised the award as a proof of the profound impact of AI on science,noting that the success of neural networks has unlocked new18 for data analysis.Prof.Dame Wendy Hall,a computer scientist at the University of Southampton,expressed surprise at the choice of awarding the prize in physics.given that there is no Nobel Prize for computer science.but acknowledged the 19 influence of artificial neural networks on physics research. In summary.the Nobel Prize in Physics 2024 celebrates the transformative impact of AI research on science and society. 20 the contributions of Hopfield and Hinton in shaping the future of intelligent machines. IⅡ.Reading Comprehension(45分) Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Is a Science-Based Education the Way to Go? In this present age when we are heavily dependent on science and technology,a science-based education system naturally becomes prevalent to equip the young with knowledge of the21 of our world around them.The various disciplines of science,such as biology and astronomy,certainly help us to grasp not only the _22of Earth,but also the significance of human beings in the universe.Moreover,as people naturally have an inborn desire to control the environment,a science-based education seems to be well 23 to humanity's inquisitive nature.24,it remains questionable whether a science-based education is able to paint a complete picture of the world. Certainly,it equips us with the knowledge of25which is necessary for us to make sense of the world.By laying the foundation of the skills in students,they will be equipped with the necessary skills to discover the world as 26 by science today.A classic example is Gregor Mendel's famous pea plant experiment. Without this,we would not have understood the 27of our genes,nor the reasons why offspring may look strikingly similar to their parents. 第3页/共14页 命学科网函组卷网 Additionally,the scientific method highlights the importance of 28 which is instrumental in the acquisition of knowledge.In a typical science-based educational system,students are taught to objectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles.Besides,a science-based education empowers us to29 preconceived(f顶想的)concepts instead of merely accepting“facts'”at face value Despite its 30a science-based education does not always enlighten us about certain aspects of the world that can't be rationalized through the scientific method.Though it explains how the world works,it is lacking as it does not 31much about why things happen.For example,science can provide a neurological explanation on how we perceive breathtaking scenery,but it can't explain what constitutes beauty or why we are so innately drawn to it.Thus,to32 the Arts offer us insightful perspectives on the role of science and the world at large Moreover,science may have great emphasis on progress that may come at a great33to the world.A science-based education that focuses solely on the latest scientific breakthroughs may well34the study of ethical controversies and significant historical events.For instance,it remains to be seen whether cloning is morally acceptable. In conclusion,a science-based education coupled with adequate exposure to ethics,values and the humanities would 35 students with a deeper insight into the complex nature of the world. 21.A.mechanics B.inventions C.truths D.objectives 22.A.significance B.evolution C.composition D.prospect 23.A.subjected B.reduced C.entitled D.tailored 24.A.Nevertheless B.Moreover C.Instead D.Therefore 25.A.doubt B.suspicion C.inquiry D.consultation 26.A.framed B.explained C.assessed D.justified 27.A.dependence B.burst C.consciousness D.function 28.A.objectivity B.illustration C.curiosity D.inquiry 29.A.deny B.challenge C.dismiss D.highlight 30 A.margins B.expenses C.initiatives D.virtues 31.A.worry B.care C.reveal D.enclose 32.A.draw a parallel B.make ends meet C.strike a balance D.make a comparison 33.A.cost B.advantage C.discount D.angle 第4页/共14页 可学科网可组卷网 34.A.underline B.prioritize C.further D.neglect 35.A.assist B.furnish C.occupy D.engage Section B Direction:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Visitors to HENN-NA.a restaurant outside Nagasaki,Japan,are greeted by an odd sight:their food being prepared by a row of humanoid robots that look like the Terminator.H.I.S.,the company that runs the restaurant, as well as a nearby hotel where robots check guests into their rooms and help with their luggage,turned to automation partly out of necessity.Japan's population is shrinking,and its economy is booming,the unemployment rate is only 2.8 percent."Using robots makes a lot of sense in a country like Japan."said CEO Hideo Sawada. Sawada predicts that 70 percent of the jobs at Japan's hotels will be automated in the next five years."It takes about a year to two to get your money back,"he said."But since you can work them 24 hours a day,and they don't need vacation,eventually it's more cost-efficient to use the robot" This may seem like a vision of the future best suited-perhaps only suited-to Japan.But according to Michael Chui,a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute,many tasks in the food-service and accommodation industry are exactly the kind that are easily automated.Chui's latest research estimates that 54 percent of the tasks workers perform in American restaurants and hotels could be automated using currently available technologies The robots,in fact,are already here.Chowbotics,a company in Redwood City.California,manufactures Sally, a boxy robot that prepares salads ordered on a touch screen.Botlr.a robot butler,now brings guests extra towels and toiletries in dozens of hotels around the country This seems to be worrying.America's economy isn't developing nearly as smoothly as Japan's,and one of the few bright spots in recent years has been employment in restaurants and hotels,which have added more jobs than almost any other industry.That growth,in fact,has helped dull the blow that automation has delivered to other industries.The food-service and accommodation industry now employs 13.7 million American.Since 2013.it has accounted for more jobs than manufacturing. These new positions once seemed safe from robots because they required a human touch in a way that manufacturing or mining jobs did not.When ordering a coffee or checking into a hotel,human beings want to interact with other human beings-or so we thought.The companies bringing robots into the service industry are 第5页/共14页 可学科网可组卷网 betting that we'll be happy to trade our relationship with human waiters or clerks for greater efficiency.They're also confident that adding robots won't necessarily mean cutting human jobs 36.According to the writer,why was it partly out of necessity that H.I.S.turned to automation? A.It's hard to find employees in Japan B.The Japanese are used to using robots. C.Robotic technology is advanced in Japan. D.Japan's economy develops less fast than expected. 37.According to Michael Chui.which of the following statements is true? A.It is no easy job to automate tasks in the hotel industry. B.Restaurant workers can be easily replaced by robots. C.Technologies need upgrading to pave the way for robotic waiters. D.Robots now perform 54%of the tasks in American restaurants and hotels 38.Why does the automation in American restaurants and hotels seem worrying? A.The manufacturing industry is waiting to be automated. B.America's economy is developing at an unexpected rate. C Automation has already had a negative effect on the service industry D.These two industries contribute much to America's employment rate 39.It can be inferred that companies bringing robots into the service industry think that A.the human touch may not matter that much B.profit is more important than customer satisfaction C.manufacturing or mining jobs require human interaction D.robots will rob humans of their jobs at the cost of efficiency (B) Know how much to tip New rules of gratuities 第6页/共14页 可学科网可组卷网 The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips.Some haven't been able to do their jobs at all,while others don't interact with customers the same way.In either case,tips dried up,causing a lot of people to suffer.Meanwhile,many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced. Just as many services have changed,so should tipping.Some old standards no longer seem fair,and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over. Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay: Think outside the(cash)box. Treat business owners Give more if you can. You can also“tip”with a differently. It's common for tips to be divided thank-you note or a homemade gift A practice of the past, between all the workers at a store or when a business(or your budget)doesn' tipping the boss separately is restaurant,not just those who interact t permit gratuities.Consider writing a no longer necessary.But if directly with customers.So giving review online,making sure to name she serves you,tip her as you generously ensures a fairer tip for all. names. would any of her workers. 第7页/共14页 可字科网可组卷回 As for specific situations,here's what the experts recommend: FOOD AND DRINKS Restaurant workers Old rule:Leave a tip only when you dine in. New rule:Always tip,even for takeout. Tip:15 to 20 percent when you dine in,and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. Personal shoppers Old rule:N/A (Not applicable).Many of these services.such as grocery pickup,are newer. New rule:Tip,and do it in the app,since you are unlikely to interact directly with your shopper. Tip:10 to 15 percent.If a tip is already included,add a few dollars extra. HOME DELIVERIES Package delivery drivers Old rule:Don't tip. New rule:Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week Tip:Drinks,snacks,or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large.Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year.UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists.And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents(such as gift cards). Flower delivery drivers Old rule:The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers(and other specialty items). New rule:You can't assume the gift giver already tipped,so if you're lucky enough to get such a delivery,pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. Tip:$5 to $10. PERSONAL SERVICES Ride-share drivers Old rule:Tip in cash. New rule:Ask your driver.The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities,but some drivers prefer cash. Tip:15 to 20 percent. 40.New rules of tipping are recommended because_ 第8页/共14页 可学科网可组卷网 A.the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin B.some people have to work from home without interaction C.customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves D.some old tipping standards can't help some service workers out now 41.Which of the following is TRUE? A.Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself. B.The more you tip,the better service you will receive C.Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude. D There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn't provide any service. 42. did best in tipping according to the recommended rules. Name Situation Tip Ginna order a roast goose($50)at Kam's Roasts for takeout $0 for the waiter take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water,500ml. $10 for the FedEx delivery Joan 24-pack) man Susan receive a bunch of flowers delivered by a Flower Plus driver $5(cash)for the gardener Linn take a Uber(S15)from St Vincent's Hospital to the Central Library $3 (cash)for the driver A.Ginna B.Joan C.Susan D.Linn (C) A few weeks ago,a well-meaning professor tried to explain the physiological process behind viruses and the human body in a tweet and was immediately criticized for a mistake in his information.He then issued an apology and deleted his erroneous tweet. Communicating science beyond the academic bubble is necessary to augmenting()public understanding of health and environmental issues and helping individuals make well-informed personal decisions. However.scientists who engage in science communication must acknowledge that even in their area,their expertise is deep but narrow.They need to recognize the constraints in their own knowledge.That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research,but rather.that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline.Fact-checking with a scientist who works in the specialty will prevent the unintentional 第9页/共14页 可字科网 函组卷网 spread of misinformation,and the process of doing so may yield tiny pieces of interesting new information that can be incorporated. Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information,especially for any complex phenomena,but this is absurd.Science instruction can be found at all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes on biology,physics,and chemistry.If anything,social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on a solid scientific foundation Even the public discourse (that follows most scientific articles shows that online readers can understand even the most puzzling of scientific principles. It is equally necessary to emphasize that being an expert on a topic does not automatically make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience.A number of scientists recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena.Even though they have appropriate credentials,they often do very little in the way of explaining.One biologist shared a complex analogy()involving a library.books.paper. a recipe,ingredients,and a cake to explain the process behind vaccines.Any explanation that requires a written key to keep track of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption Science communication is a science in and of itself.It requires rigorous training and instruction.A scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and eliminate jargon and how to develop effective analogies to explain complex concepts.One cannot assume communication expertise-imagine if someone just decided that they were a physicist and started trying to contribute to the field without the necessary background.Doing a poor job communicating science to the public will only create confusion and widen the gap between science and society,a gap that scientists are trying to close. 43.What does the author advise scientists do to deal with topics outside of their specialty? A.Write or present on them from new angles B.Utilize information from diverse sources C.Turn to a specialist for professional help. D.Fact-check with colleagues in-their field. 44.What can be learned from Paragraph 4? A.A solid academic foundation is essential to understanding puzzling scientific principles. B.Modern technology has facilitated communication between scientists and the public. C.Scientific articles have gained increasing popularity among the general public. D.The public's understanding of science is much better than some have claimed. 第10页共14页