Unit4 Natural Disasters 话题词汇补充 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 单元话题补充 一、重点词汇 快速浏览下表词汇，对照音标发声拼读，不必追求马上记住、记牢。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. cause damage to 美 [kɔːz ˈdæmɪdʒ tu] phrase 造成损害 3. be destroyed by 美 [bi dɪˈstrɔɪd baɪ] phrase 被…摧毁 5. be reduced to ruins 美 [bi rɪˈdjuːst təˈruːɪnz] phrase 被毁为废墟 7. be buried in 美[bi ˈbɛrid ɪn] phrase 被埋在； 埋头做 9. out of breath 美 [aʊt əv brɛθ] phrase 上气不接下气 2. flood into 美 [flʌd ˈɪntu] phrase 涌 入 4. shelter from 美 [ˈʃɛltər frɒm] phrase 避开，避难于 6. be trapped in 美 [bi træpt ɪn] phrase 被困在 8. breathtaking 美 [ˈbrɛθˌteɪkɪŋ] adj. 令人屏息的，惊人的 10. spare no effort to do 美 [spɛr noʊ ˈɛfərt tu du] phrase 不遗余力做 11. survive the disaster 美 [sərˈvaɪv ðə dɪˈzæstər] phrase 幸存于灾难 13. come into power 美 [kʌm ˈɪntu paʊər] phrase 上台，掌权 15. with the aid of 美 [wɪð ði eɪd ʌv] phrase 在…的帮助下 17. tsunami-stricken area 美 [tsoʊˈnɑːmiˈstrɪkən ˈɛriə] phrase 遭受海啸袭击的地区 二、单词抄写 12. in short supply 美[ɪn ʃɔːrt səˈplaɪ] phrase 供应不足 14. power station 美 [ˈpaʊər ˌsteɪʃən] n. 发电站 16. tsunami-hit area 美 [tsoʊˈnɑːmi hɪt ˈɛriə] phrase 遭受海啸袭击的地区 18. deliver a lecture 美 [dɪˈlɪvər ə ˈlɛkʧər] phrase 做讲座，讲课 对照词义，按顺序抄写单词，抄写时应出声拼读单词以增加语感。本练习是抄写而非默写，遇到障碍应及时查阅重点词汇表，以免浪费时间。 1. 遭受海啸袭击的地区 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 2. 被困在 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 3. 供应不足 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 4. 令人屏息的，惊人的 ＿＿＿＿＿＿ 5. 被…摧毁 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 6. 发电站 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 7. 幸存于灾难 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 8. 避开，避难于 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 9. 遭受海啸袭击的地区 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 10. 不遗余力地做 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 11. 被埋在 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 12. 上气不接下气 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 13. 上台，掌权 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 14. 在…的帮助下 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 15. 造成损害 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 16. 做讲座，讲课 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 17. 涌入 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 18. 被毁为废墟 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 19. 遭受海啸袭击的地区 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 20. 被困在 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 21. 供应不足 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 22. 令人屏息的，惊人的 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 23. 被…摧毁 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 24. 发电站 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 25. 幸存于灾难 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 26. 避开，避难于 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 27. 遭受海啸袭击的地区 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 28. 不遗余力地做 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 29. 被埋在 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 30. 上气不接下气 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 31. 上台，掌权 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 32. 在…的帮助下 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 33. 造成损害 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 34. 做讲座，讲课 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 35. 涌入 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 36. 被毁为废墟 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 37. 遭受海啸袭击的地区 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 38. 被困在 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 39. 供应不足 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 40. 令人屏息的，惊人的 ＿＿＿＿＿＿ 41. 被…摧毁 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 42. 发电站 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 43. 幸存于灾难 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 44. 避开，避难于 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 45. 遭受海啸袭击的地区 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 46. 不遗余力地做 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 47. 被埋在 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 48. 上气不接下气 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 49. 上台，掌权 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 50. 在…的帮助下 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 51. 造成损害 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 52. 做讲座，讲课 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 53. 涌入 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 54. 被毁为废墟 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 55. 遭受海啸袭击的地区 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 56. 被困在 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 57. 供应不足 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 58. 令人屏息的，惊人的 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 59. 被…摧毁 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 60. 发电站 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 61. 幸存于灾难 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 62. 避开，避难于 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 63. 遭受海啸袭击的地区 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 64. 不遗余力地做 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 65. 被埋在 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 66. 上气不接下气 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 67. 上台，掌权 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 68. 在…的帮助下 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 69. 造成损害 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 70. 做讲座，讲课 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 71. 涌入 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 72. 被毁为废墟 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 三、文本敏感性训练 以下文章围绕本次重点词汇编写，目的在于提升语境中对这些词的敏感性。请在认真阅读文本的同时，尽量提升阅读速度。阅读时切忌采用跳读、略读等“技巧”，更不要先看问题再找答案。做题的目的是检验和保持阅读质量，而不要将阅读视作做题的负担。 Passage 1：全题共 347 词，建议用时 416 秒，实际用时 秒。 In a small coastal town, the inhabitants lived a peaceful life until one day, a devastating tsunami struck. The tsunami-hit area was breathtaking as the water flood into the streets, causing damage to houses and power stations. Many buildings were destroyed by the powerful waves, and the town was reduced to ruins. People were trapped in their homes, buried in debris, struggling to breathe. In the face of this disaster, the community came together, sparing no effort to rescue those trapped and provide shelter from the ongoing danger. With the aid of volunteers and rescue teams, survivors were pulled from the rubble. The town's power station, crucial for electricity, had been knocked out, leaving the area in darkness. Supplies were in short supply, but with a collective effort, food, water, and medical aid reached those in need. The tsunami-stricken area began to see hope as people worked tirelessly to rebuild their lives and their town. A lecturer visiting the town decided to deliver a lecture on environmental awareness and the importance of being prepared for natural disasters. The lecture aimed to educate the youngsters and citizens on how to survive the disaster and prevent future tragedies. The community learned not only about the power of nature but also about the strength of human spirit and cooperation. 1. What was the primary cause of the town's destruction? A) A power outage B) A flood C) A tsunami D) An earthquake 2. How did the community respond to the disaster? A) By leaving the town B) By waiting for government help C) By working together to rescue and rebuild D) By ignoring the warnings 3. What was the focus of the lecture delivered in the town? A) How to escape from a tsunami B) The importance of environmental awareness C) The history of tsunamis D) Building stronger buildings 4. What lesson did the town learn from the disaster? A) The need for better power stations B) The importance of being prepared for natural disasters C) How to deliver a lecture D) The way to rebuild houses quickly Passage 2：全题共 266 词，建议用时 319 秒，实际用时 秒。 In a small town near the coast, the inhabitants had always lived in harmony with nature. However, one day, a powerful tsunami struck the area, causing breathtaking damage. Houses were buried in mud, and many buildings were reduced to ruins. The power station that supplied electricity to the town was destroyed by the floodwaters that rushed in, leaving the town in darkness. With the aid of emergency teams, people spared no effort to survive the disaster. They found shelter from the storm in schools and community centers, places that had miraculously survived the tsunami's wrath. Food and water were in short supply, but with the help of volunteers, supplies were delivered to the tsunami-hit area. In the aftermath, the community came together to rebuild their lives. A lecture was delivered on the importance of being prepared for such disasters in the future. The town's people, having survived the disaster, now knew the importance of unity and resilience. 1. What was the main cause of the damage in the town? A. A fire B. A tsunami C. A hurricane D. An earthquake 2. Where did people find shelter after the disaster? A. In their homes B. In the power station C. In schools and community centers D. In neighboring towns 3. What was in short supply after the tsunami? A. Electricity B. Volunteers C. Food and water D. Emergency teams 4. What did the community learn from the disaster? A. The importance of electricity B. The need for a new power station C. The value of being prepared for disasters D. How to deliver a lecture 四、参考答案 Passage 1： 1. C 答案是 C，因为文中提到了“a devastating tsunami struck”作为导致城镇遭受破坏的主要原因。 2. C 答案是 C，文中明确提到社区“came together, sparing no effort to rescue those trapped and provide shelter”，说明社区是通过共同努力来应对灾难的。 3. B 答案是 B，讲座的目的是“to educate the youngsters and citizens on how to survive the disaster and prevent future tragedies”，强调了环境意识的重要性。 4. B 答案是 B，从整篇文章中可以得知，镇上的人们从灾难中学到了“the importance of being prepared for natural disasters”。 参考译文 1 在一个小海边城镇，居民们过着平静的生活，直到有一天，一场毁灭性的海啸袭击了这个地区。海啸袭击区域的景象令人窒息，水流涌入街道，对房屋和发电站造成了损害。许多建筑被强大的波浪摧毁，城镇变成了废墟。人们被困在家中，埋在废墟中，挣扎着呼吸。面对这场灾难，社区团结一致，不遗余力地进行救援，并为持续的危险提供避难所。 在志愿者和救援队的帮助下，幸存者被从瓦砾中拉出。城镇的发电站，这对电力至关重要，已经被摧毁，使该区域陷入黑暗。供应品短缺，但通过集体努力，食物、水和医疗援助到达了需要的人们手中。当人们不知疲倦地努力重建生活和城镇时，海啸灾区开始看到希望。 一位来访的讲师决定就环境意识和准备自然灾害的重要性进行讲座。讲座旨在教育年轻人和公民如何在灾难中生存并防止未来的悲剧。社区不仅了解了自然的力量，还了解了人类精神和合作的力量。 Passage 2： 1. B 选择题答案理由 答案是 B，因为文章提到了一个强大的海啸袭击了这个地区，导致了惊人的破坏。 2. C 理由 答案是 C，文章中提到人们在学校和社区中心找到了避难所，这些地方奇迹般地在海啸的愤怒中幸存下来。 3. C 理由 答案是 C，根据文章，食物和水在灾后变得短缺，但有志愿者的帮助，物资被送往了受海啸袭击的地区。 4. C 理由 答案是 C，文章最后提到，社区通过这次灾难学到了未来要对此类灾难做好准备的重要性。 参考译文 2 在靠近海岸的一个小镇上，居民们一直与自然和谐相处。然而，有一天，一个强大的海啸袭击了这个地区，造成了令人屏息的破坏。房屋被泥浆掩埋，许多建筑变成了废墟。为镇上供电的电站被涌入的洪水摧毁，使整个镇陷入黑暗。 在紧急救援队的帮助下，人们不遗余力地设法生存下来。他们在学校和社区中心找到了避难所，这些地方奇迹般地在海啸的愤怒中幸存下来。食物和水供应短缺，但在志愿者的帮助下，物资被送往了受海啸袭击的地区。 在灾后，社区团结一致，开始重建生活。举行了一次关于未来如何准备应对此类灾难的重要性的讲座。镇上的人们，在经历了这次灾难后，现在知道了团结和韧性的重要性。 $$