2025届高三英语高考总复习英语阅读理解之说明文阅读理解解题策略课件

LOOK UP, ——高考英语说明文阅读理解解题策略 STRIKE DOWN 考纲解读： 阅读理解作为考查阅读与理解能力的试题，已成为历年高考英语试卷中必不可少的部分。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会能力，包括对书面语言的识别、理解、推理、判断和快速记忆等几个方面。不仅仅涉及到语音、语法、词汇这些语言因素，还涉及到非语言因素，即：阅读者对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、对所读材料内容的熟悉、个人经历、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等各方面。近几年英语阅读理解在高考中的比值有所增长。 新闻 ，广告，产品说明 分享经历，叙述一件事情，或表达情感 论述一个道理或表达一个观点 阅读理解的体裁 说明某个事物，现象等（可能会呼吁或倡导） 3 文首：导语提携全文 文末：记叙文六要素 文首：总-分-总 论点-论据-结论 文本 各体裁主题句分布 1.找主题句：首-中-尾 2.没有主题句：找反复出现的中心词 4 What to read 1.Various writing styles(体裁丰富)：Narration(记叙文)、Exposition(说明文)、Pratical writing(应用文)、Argumentation(议论文)and News Report(新闻报道)、Ad(广告)、Notice(通知)、Instructions(操作说明)、Chart(表格) and so on. 2. Colourful themes(题材广泛)：humans and self(人与自我), humans and sociaty(人与社会), humans and nature(人与自然). Why to read 3.Abilities: To develop language abilities、culture awareness(文化意识）、thinking qualities（思维品质） and learning abilities. While reading 1.Skim：general understanding(整体把握）,underline the key sentences about the main ideas. 2.Read carefully：read for details（细节）,judgement and inference（推理和判断） ,underline the key sentences. 3.Read deeply：read for the writer’s purpose, the meaning of the words, a person’s personality. After reading 1.Read again：go through the passage，check the answers. 注意：克服定势思维和功能固着，切莫先入为主，一切以作者的写作意图和所表达的观点为准。 How to develop the abilities Details (细节理解题) The meaning of the word(词义猜测题) Judgement and inference(推理判断题) The main idea(主旨要义题) Details (细节理解题) The meaning of the word(词义猜测题) Judgement and inference(推理判断题) The main idea(主旨要义题) How to develop the abilities Identify the structure of the passage by summarizing the main idea of each paragraph. By the end of the class, we will be able to: Learning Objectives Look up Strike down Identify the logic traps, including: ... 11 Exposition: To introduce, explain, and describe sth. ？ Look up 12 Look up C Exams cause a lot of worry: the silence of the hall; the ticking of the clock; the confident expression of the student who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems hardly surprising that those who worry about taking tests do systematically worse than those who do not. What is, perhaps, unexpected, according to research published by Maria Theobald, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of revision. Dr. Theobald theorised if anxiety was truly intervening(干预) a student’s ability to transfer known information from brain to paper, then those with high levels of it would perform worse in a real exam than in a mock(模拟) or during online practice sessions. She therefore invited 309 German medical students to participate in a test which consisted of 230 questions. During the 100 days before the actual papers, volunteers used a digital-learning platform which presented them with old exam questions and recorded their performance. They also sat a mock examination, clearly presented to them as such, 40 days before the real exam. To assess their levels of anxiety, they were asked, every day for 40 days in the run-up to the real exam and also on the test day, to respond on a five-point scale to statements like, “I feel tense and nervous.” Dr. Theobald found that anxiety on the day of the test did not predict exam performance at all. What it did predict was the level of knowledge a student displayed in the mock exam and the digital-learning activities. What actually hampered students, it turned out, were high levels of anxiety during the weeks before the exam took place. The greater a student’s anxiety in the days before the exam, the lower his or her knowledge-gain was during that period, leaving that student with less material to recall during the exam itself. Subject:__________ an abstract theory anxiety in exams How’s the subject introduced? By presenting research results 13 Look up When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)? These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket-19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. Subject:__________ landline use in Australia an abstract phenomenon By raising a question Subject:__________ a specific object a smart keyboard As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right. By presenting research results 14 Exposition: To introduce, explain, and describe sth. ？ Look up an abstract theory/phenomenon a specific object Subjects: 15 Step 1: Skim the passage and find out the main idea of each paragraph. When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)? These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket-19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category. More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素) -only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household. Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it). How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? Look up Topic sentence Subject Linking words Transitional sentence Key words 16 Look up Step 2: Summarize the structure of the passage. Para ( ): ____________ Subject: Landline use in Australia Para ( ): ____________ Para ( ): ____________ Para ( ): ____________ 1-2 3 6 4-5 Background Survey results Reasons Attitude/Prospect(前景) 24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones? 25. What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean? 26. What can we say about Baby Boomers? 27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph? Step 3: Match the questions with the structure. 17 Step 4: Application As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word " touch " four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. Look up Topic sentence Subject Series of verbs Linking words 18 Look up Application: Summarize the structure of the passage. Para ( ): ____________ Subject: A smart keyboard Para ( ): ____________ Para ( ): ____________ 1 2-3 4 Background Principle Study and Prospect 28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard? 29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible? 30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard? 31. Where is this text most likely from? 19 Strike down Identify the logic traps in each question. ①Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skillful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. (Para. 1) 27. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters ②When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).(Para. 1) 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting Logic trap: ____________ Logic trap: ____________ 过度引申 以偏概全 扩缩范围 20 Strike down Identify the logic traps in each question. ③And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. (Para. 1) 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. ④But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. (Para. 5) 30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises. Logic trap: ____________ 断章取义 Logic trap: ____________ 偷梁换柱 21 Strike down Identify the logic traps in each question. ⑤An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws. (Para. 5) 29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out? A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone. C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene. Logic trap: ____________ 先入为主 Summary： Logic traps 扩缩范围 (过度引申、以偏概全） 断章取义 偷梁换柱 先入为主 22 Summary Look up Strike down Step 1: Skim the passage and find out the main idea of each paragraph. Step 2: Summarize the structure of the passage. Step 3: Match the questions with the structure. Logic traps 扩缩范围 断章取义 偷梁换柱 先入为主 23 Homework Apply what we have learned today to check the answers of 5 passages. 24 Thanks! $$