2024年人教版中考英语二轮复习短文填空 解题策略&短填练习

初中英语·短文填空 初中英语 短文填空 解题策略 & 短填练习 【解题步骤】 考生平时在进行短文填空训练时，应遵循三步原则：定词性 — 选词意 — 核词形 一、定词性： 考生在读第一遍文章的时候，应该根据空格在句中的位置和前后搭配判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性。 1、名词：常见挖空处：主语，宾语（动词之后，介词之后），冠词之后，形容词之后； 2、动词：常见挖空处：主宾之间的谓语动词，be动词后（进行时/被动语态），情态动词后；并列连词后的动词，不定式后面，介词后面； 3、形容词：常见挖空处：名词之前，系动词之后； 4、副词：常见挖空处：句首，句末或动词附近（be动词/情态动词/助动词后，实义动词前）； 5、代词：常见挖空处：通常指代主语或宾语； 6、连词：常见挖空处：句子之间，并列结构之间。 二、选词意： 在确定好每个空的词性后，再次认真阅读短文，把握文章大意，利用上下文的语境，综合所学知识，确定空格处所填词的意义。在此步骤中可以借用以下做题技巧： 1、考虑固定搭配：如果句中有明显提示词（一般为动词或介词），可以回忆相关固定搭配； 2、复现词：短文填空的某些设空会是上下文中的原词（一般为名词或动词）； 如： Value Time Value other people’s _________. Do not be late. That means that if you’re late, you don’t care about them or their time. 在这一实例中，解题的关键就在于小标题之中，根据复现词这一解题策略，可以得知正确答案为time。 练习：Smoking has not been allowed in public places in England since July, 2007. This was a successful _________ made by the government in years. In a survey last month, 78% of the people said they would still support the smoking law. 正确答案：law 3、并列结构：短文填空中，句子并列结构有时会对解题有明显提示，在并列结构中，一般会考查句中词的同义或反义，该类考察对象以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主。 如： Sometimes when you’re a teenager, you feel as if you’re all alone and there’s _________ you can talk to. 在这一实例中，挖空前面有一并列连词and，可知and前后两句的意思相同或相近。挖空是there be句型中的be动词后，该空词性应为名词或代词。结合并列结构的前半句you’re all alone，可知此空应为一个同义词nobody. 练习：That’s because they follow what is called the “996” work schedule (时间表) - _________ at 9 am and finishing at 9 pm, six days a week. 正确答案：starting / beginning Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are _________ while sales of paper books are rising. 正确答案：falling 4、逻辑联系：单词、短语和句子中间的挖空，一般会考察连词。连词分为并列连词和从属连词，表示前后连接成分的逻辑关系。此时，需考生仔细分析前后的意思，选择出正确的连词。常考察连词如下： 1）并列连词：and表示并列、顺承关系；but表示转折关系；or表示选择关系 2）从属连词： 时间状语从句：when, while, until 条件状语从句：if, whether, unless 让步状语从句：although, though 如：For children, _________ some programs on TV are good, there are still some shows that are not proper for them. Not everything on TV has a good influence. 正确答案：although / though 5、主题意义：短文填空部分挖空会涉及文章主题意义，该种情况一般出现在文章的起始段落或结尾段落，是对于文章总体的一个引领或概括。常考察的主题意义词如：ways (方式、方法)，advice / suggestions (建议)，methods (方式)，以及概括作者的情感态度的词等。 如： One day, I was invited as a special guest to attend an exhibition. During this period, two cute girls came to ask for my signature (签名). “I haven’t brought my pen. Is the pencil okay?” Actually, I knew they wouldn’t refuse. “Certainly,” the young girls agreed excitedly. Their excitement also made me feel more pleased and satisfied. One of the girls handed her beautiful notebook to me. I wrote a few words of encouragement naturally, and signed my name. The girl read my signature, frowned (皱眉) and asked, “Aren’t you Robert Charboss?” “No,” I told her proudly, “I’m the author of Alice Adams, the winner of two Pulitzer Prizes (普利策奖).” The young girl turned to the other, shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Mary, lend your rubber (橡皮) to me.” At that moment, all my _________ turned into a bubble (泡泡) immediately. Since then, I always warn myself, no matter how outstanding (杰出的) you are, don’t think highly of yourself. 在这一实例中，挖空放在形容词性物主代词之后，首先可以确认该空词性为名词。通读全文，可知文中的以下表达可以展现出作者的情感态度：“I was invited …” (受邀)，展现出作者的自矜，“I knew they wouldn’t refuse”（我知道他们无法拒绝），展现出作者的自负，pleased, satisfied和proudly等词展现出作者的自豪。挖空后面为“turn into a bubble”（幻灭），说明挖空和上述作者对自我强烈认同的感情紧密相关，再结合末尾句“无论有多杰出，都不要对自己自视甚高”可知该空最佳答案为pride。 三、核词形： 填入所缺的单词之后，需要检查所填词的正确形式，可从以下方面进行检查： 1、名词：名词单复数； 2、动词：一般现在时中的三单形式，现在进行时中的现在分词，一般过去时中的过去式，一般完成时中的过去分词，非谓语动词形式（介词后面用Ving形式，不定式符号to后用动词原形，have sth. done等结构中的过去分词），动名词形式； 3、形容词和副词：比较级和最高级； 4、数词：基础词和序数词的转换； 例题讲解： A study has been done at a university. Scientists divided a class into two groups. They made each group take notes ___1___ different ways. The first group took notes by hand. The second one did it on the computer. The ___2___ of the study was to find out which method would help the students learn better. The scientist thought Group Two would win. But to their surprise, Group One did a better job. Since you take notes by hand, stick to it! Good notes can ___3___ to less stress (压力) when test time comes around. Then how can you improve your note-taking skill? The following advice can help you. Firstly, try to get yourself ready ___4___ class begins. Be familiar (熟悉的) with the material that you are going to learn. Make sure you have your notebooks and pens on the desk. Secondly, take notes wisely while listening in class. Many students become ___5___ taking notes and they may fail to follow the teacher. So it is important to know when to take notes. And remember to write down the key words and use shorthand (速记法) if necessary. Thirdly, check your notes after class. You can add some details (细节) yourself first. If there is still something missing, compare your notes with ___6___. Do it with those who take notes carefully. These checks will also ___7___ your chances of understanding what you’ve written. Try the advice above. When you can take notes ___8___ than before, you will find your lessons easier and more enjoyable. 【文章大意】本文讲述了科学家通过一项研究来证明记笔记的好处，并告诉大家如何提高记笔记技巧。 1. in 【解析】此空的词性可以确定为介词，挖空后“different ways”表示不同的方式，固定搭配为介词in。 2. purpose 【解析】此空放在定冠词the后面，词性为名词。后半句不定式结构to find out …表示一种目的，可知该空词意应为purpose。再结合单数动词was，可知此空填单数形式。 3. lead 【解析】此空放在情态动词can后面，应填动词原形。根据句意，好的笔记和更少的压力应为一种逻辑上的因果关系，选择动词lead，lead to表示“导致，引起（某种结果）”。 4. before 【解析】该空放在两个句子之间，词性为连词。前半句表示“做好准备”，后半句表示“课堂开始”，该连词表示时间上的先后关系，填before。 5. busy 【解析】该空放在系动词become后面，词性应为形容词。该段第一句提到要“理智”做笔记，该句中使用了并列连词and，后半句表达意思是“可能跟不上老师的节凑”，情感向非正面，可知挖空处也应表示非正面向情感。结合语意和固定搭配，选出busy一词，become busy doing sth. 表示“忙于做某事”。该句表达意思是：许多学生上课忙着做笔记而忽略了听课（表示部分学生本末倒置）。 6. others’ 【解析】该空放在compare A with B结构中，词性应与A部分一致。A部分为your notes，有两个词，而B部分只有一个词，所以此处应该为名词所有格，填others’，表示“其他人的笔记”。 7. increase 【解析】该空放在助动词will后面，应填动词原形。结合前文语境：将自己的笔记和其他人优秀的笔记进行对比，对自己的笔记进行提升，可知这一行为能够对你理解自己所做笔记起到提升促进作用，可填词为increase。 8. better 【解析】此空放在动词短语take notes后面，词性应为副词。该篇文中在告诉大家如何提高记笔记技，此处表明的意思为“更好地做笔记“，所选词应为副词well的比较级better。 【短填练习】 （A） Nowadays we often work as team. But leading a group of people can be difficult. People want team leaders they can trust. Would you like to be a good leader? Here’s some 1. _________ for you. Ask to know your team Learn about each person on your team. You can’t be a successful leader 2. _________ you know your team. Be a “learner” instead of a “knower” as you don’t have all of the answers. Try to get close to them by 3. _________ questions. For example, as you pass someone, you can ask, “Hi! Do you enjoy doing these projects?” or “Do you have any ideas about how to do it better?” Talk to your team Be as active as you can when you stay with your team. It’s a good practice to talk 4. _________ with everyone on your team. Tell them what you’re thinking about and what new projects you’re considering. The more you talk to them, the more comfortable they will feel when they give you their opinions. 5. _________ to you team Let your team feel you’re a good listener. Whenever they have problems at work or at home, listen to what they want to say. Be patient and 6. _________ trying to interrupt (打断) them. Make your team feel they can talk to you. Care about your team Show your team you care about them as 7. _________ are friends. People will work harder for their leaders if they feel they are really cared about. If someone comes to you 8. _________ a problem, always be ready to help. That will make your team trust and respect you more. (B) Everyone loves holidays abroad. They give us the chance to see some sights, have some fun and relax. However, holidays aren’t 1. _________ a great experience. Sometimes, you may have some problems. Follow these tips to make sure you enjoy your holiday. Get organized Have you packed your passport? Your ticket? Every year, thousands of people miss their flights because they’ve forgotten their passport, they arrive at the airport too late, or they even go to the 2. _________ airport. Do some research How much do you know about the place you are going to visit? Learning a little about the culture of a country will help you understand the people. Learning a few words of another 3. _________ can also help you make new friends. Remember the environment Try to cut down the pollution you cause. Travel by train if you can. Flying produces twenty times more CO₂ than traveling by train. Of course, it might be hard to 4. _________ flying, but when you arrive, use buses or trains instead of taxis. Help the local population You can help a local community a lot 5. _________ staying in local hotels and eating in local restaurants. This means rather than to a large international company, your money will go to local people. Therefore, you can help 6. _________ make more money and live a better life. Keep a good memory for your holiday You don’t want to forget your holiday. Make a scrapbook -a book of memories-about your holiday. You can show it to friends, 7. _________ just use it to remember all the good times you had! And don’t forget the new friends you made on holiday. Did you promise to 8. _________ them pictures or presents? Don’t forget to do it! Then next time you go on holiday, you can visit them again. (C) People around the world are thinking about love and romance today. But close your eyes and think out love for a minute. What does love mean to you? Love is a feeling, but what else is it? Love is promise I am spending this Valentine’s Day with my sweetheart. We got married twenty years ago. The first time I met the woman who is now my 1. _________, I promised to love her forever. That means no matter how I am feeling, I will try my best to care for her and be kind to her. And I will not change my mind about my love for her. Love is 2. _________ a feeling and something we promise to do. Love is action It’s known to all of us that love is always expressed through action. Many people believe that if two persons are in love, one keeps thinking of ways to show love to the 3. _________ one. So when you are completely in love, there is 4. _________ you don’t want to do to show your sincerity (真心) to the person you love. Love is sacrifice (牺牲) The action of love often includes sacrifice. There are hundreds of books filled 5. _________ stories of people giving their lives for their country, family or friends. When you love someone dearly, without sacrifice, love seems not that great. However, showing love doesn’t necessarily 6. _________ losing your life. It can mean giving up something you want for someone else. Learning how to love means learning how to be selfless. Love is 7. _________ Some might say that love is giving. But I believe it goes beyond (超越) giving 8. _________ love is about relationship between two persons. When you have a lot of love in your heart, you want to share it with the one you love. Love is something that every one of us ever experiences. It’s between family members, friends, lovers or even a person and a certain thing. When it comes, cherish it and enjoy the happiness it brings. (D) Enriching (使丰富) your life means making an effort to make your life as meaningful and happy as possible. Although you may have difficulty achieving it, there are many steps you can take to get closer to a better life. Learn to forgive others and be true to yourself. If you often hate others around you, then you won’t live a wonderful life. So learn to accept that 1. _________ is perfect and that everyone makes mistakes. If someone has really hurt you and you feel it difficult to accept that person’s apology (道歉), then be 2. _________ about it. Don’t pretend (假装) that you’re okay and then go on complaining. This won’t get you very far. Try to be a/an 3. _________. It will not only be good for the people around you, but also make you able to connect with different people who can influence your life just as positively as you can influence 4. _________. You can work in an old people’s home or help do the cleaning in your neighborhood. Be less wasteful. Trying to be less wasteful can help you enjoy the world around you more. You can use paper instead of plastic whenever you can. Don’t use too many products that can’t be 5. _________ again. Also, try to take the public transportation and go somewhere on 6. _________ or by bike instead of driving. Get along well with your friends and family. 7. _________ busy you are, you should develop a habit of spending time with your loved ones and letting them know how much they 8. _________ to you. You can write thank-you cards to your friends and family members or call up your parents or grandparents regularly. (E) Many of us wish we would have longer weekends, but for about 18,000 students in Colorado, that wish is coming true. Some schools in this area have decided to shorten their week to four days—from Tuesday to Friday, and the first school year on this new timetable just started. It began on Tuesday, February 14, because the students don’t have to go to school on their least favorite day — 1. _________. Although the students can have 2. _________ school days than before, they will have to sit through longer hours each day to work more for the hours they’ve lost. So the timetable seems more crowded than ever. The decision wasn’t made just to give students more days off. It had some practical purposes as well. For example, about $1 million will be 3. _________ by not having buses on Mondays and spending less on things like electricity and water. That means a lot to the school. However, many other people think 4. _________. Not everyone is completely happy with this new timetable. Take the parents as an example. They may have to pay more 5. _________ this change, because many of them will have to stay at home with their kids now. And if they go to work, they will need help to 6. _________ their children away from possible danger at home. A few schools in the cities are enjoying the four-day week, and 7. _________ are some schools in the countryside. They made the same change earlier this year, and they said that more teachers from the cities wanted to teach there after the change, most of whom have a lot of teaching experience. About 560 areas in 25 states include schools with four-day weeks, but it’s not clear 8. _________ the different timetable will have a good and positive influence on students’ performance. The students, however, overjoyed with their new timetable, are believed to have more fun both on weekdays and weekends. Are you looking forward to a three-day weekend as well? (F) Buying second-hand items (物品) is becoming more popular these days. One million people are selling over 2 million second-hand items, from 1. _________ to clothing on Xianyu every day, Xinhua reported. Second-hand Books When Chen Junjun, 22, a college student in Shanghai, wants to buy books, she uses Deja Vu. She searches for the books she wants and 2. _________ them to her shopping cart (购物车), just like on any other shopping site. The difference is that the books are much cheaper – as much as 70 percent cheaper than new books. “Since I don’t have enough 3. _________, it’s a perfect choice for me,” Chen said.  Lots of people 4. _________ Chen Junjun prefer to buy second-hand books. Besides 5. _________ prices, people can also find out-of-print (绝版的) books. Buying old books can even connect readers. Zhao Kaiqi, a college student in Harbin, once found a note in a second-hand book she bought. “Its previous (以前的) owner shared her thoughts and hoped I would enjoy it. It was so heartwarming.” Zhao said, “ If 6. _________, I want to meet her and make friends with her.” Second-hand Clothing Buying second-hand clothing is also popular. According to online reseller ThredUp, the second-hand fashion market is expected to grow by 185 percent over the next 10 years.  Vintage (复古的) clothing items are especially popular. They include old clothing, accessories (饰品) or other items that often go back 30 years or even more. But if they’re in good condition, people can still wear 7. _________. Yin Weian, a 25-year-old writer in London, likes collecting vintage items, 8. _________ she thinks the items bring back memories of different places – they are like souvenirs (纪念品) for her. （G） Lei Haiwei, a 37-year-old fast food courier (外卖员) from Hunan province, got the first place in the third season of the Chinese Poetry Conference on April 4th, 2018. He kept his father’s love of poems. His father put poems on the wall for his son to read throughout childhood. He was 1. _________ in Li Bai’s poem named Xia Ke Xing, so he tried to recite (背诵) it and read other books about ancient poems at bookstores or libraries 2. _________ his spare time. In 2008, Lei Huawei graduated and found a job in Shanghai. Since his wages (工资) were not high 3. _________ for him to buy many books, the young man developed another special kind of habit of reciting poems he liked, writing down them after returning home. 4. _________ his work was tiring, his love for poems hasn’t disappeared. On his busiest work day, he had to deliver more than fifty orders a day. Even so, he used all his spare time to learn poems, reciting poems when 5. _________ for food at restaurants, and traffic lights on his way to deliver food. “Learning poems enriches (丰富) my knowledge and makes my job 6. _________ boring, so I will stick to reading and reciting poems” he said. The 7. _________ why Lei Haiwei could win the first place is that he almost spent as much time as he could learning poems. So, please believe that your hard work will pay off if 8. _________ continue to make an effort. 参考答案 【短填练习】 A篇 1. advice 2. unless/before 3. asking 4. actively 5. Listen 6. avoid 7. you 8. with B篇 1. always 2. wrong 3. language 4. avoid 5. by 6. them 7. or 8. send C篇 1. wife 2. both 3. other 4. nothing 5. with 6. mean 7. sharing 8. because D篇 1. nobody 2. honest 3. volunteer 4. theirs 5. used 6. foot 7. However 8. mean E篇 1. Monday 2. fewer 3. saved 4. differently 5. for 6. keep 7. so 8. whether/if F篇 1. books 2. adds 3. money 4. like 5. lower 6. possible 7. them 8. because G篇 1. interested 2. in/during 3. enough 4. Although 5. waiting 6. less 7. reason 8. you 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$