Unit 5 Working the Land 课文词汇 讲解 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Word Study UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND hybrid n. 杂交动（植）物；合成物；混合动力车 known as the “father of hybrid rice” 被誉为“杂交水稻之父” linjie (linjie) - devote vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于 devoted his life 奉献了他的一生 devoted adj. 忠实的，深爱的 devotion n. 奉献，关爱 devote…to…把……献给…… devote onself to = be devoted to 献身于；专心于… linjie (linjie) - shortage n. 不足；缺少；短缺 short adj. 不足的；缺乏的 a shortage of 缺乏 be short of 不足；缺乏 sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。 tackle v. 解决（难题）; 应付（局面）；处理 crisis n. 危机；危急关头 To tackle this crisis 为了解决这个危机。 boost vt. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 yield n. 产量；产出 vt. 出产（作物）；产生（效益、收益等 vi. 屈服；让步 yield to 屈服于 Instead, farmers need to boost yields in the fields they had. 相反的是，农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。 convince vt. 使相信；使信服 convincing adj. 令人信服的 convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的 convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb.that … 使某人相信…. be convinced of… 相信… be convinced that… 相信… Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. 袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。 characteristic n. 特征；特点；品质 adj. 典型的；独特的 attain v.（通过努力）获得；得到 attainment n. 获得；达到；成就 attainable adj. 可达到的；可得到的 conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 convention n. 习俗；惯例；协议 One characteristic of hybrid rice is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. 杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。 assumption n. 假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力）的获得 assume v. 假定；设定;认为 It is assumed that… 人们（普遍）认为…… with an assumption of= on the assumption that… 假设…… The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 当时普遍认为这是不可能实现的。 intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 overcome v. 克服；解决；战胜 过去式 overcame 过去分词 overcame Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to.... 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题。 expand vi. & vt. 扩大；增加 vt. 扩展；发展（业务） expansion n. 膨胀；扩张 expand into （使……）扩大成 expand to 扩展到 expand on/ upon sth. 详细阐述某事 output n.产量；输出 vt. 输出 过去式&过去分词 output Expand their output greatly. 极大地提高了他们的产量。 estimate vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 It is estimated that… 据估计…… underestimated v. 低估 consumption n.消耗；消费 consume v.消耗；消费 consumer n.消费者；顾客 domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 comprise vt. 包括；包含；由…组成 be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成 同义短语 be composed of, consist of, be made up of generate vt. 产生；引起 It is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. 据估算，现在这个国内消费的稻米大约有60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。 strain n. （动植物）系；品种；拉伤；压力 One might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. leisure n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 有人认为他会退休享受闲暇的生活。 deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 Deep down, Yuan was still very much of a farmer at heart. 实际上，袁隆平在内心深处依然是一位农民。 soil n. 土壤；泥土；国土；领土 celebrity n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流 As a man of the soil, he cared little for celebrity or money. 身为土地之子，袁隆平不在乎名利。 envision vt. 展望；想象 vision n. 视力；眼力；想象；美景 sorghum n. 高粱；高粱米 He envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum. 他设想水稻长得和高粱一样高。 grain n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒 broom n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花 With each ear of rice as big as broom, and each grain of rice a huge as a peanut. 每支稻穗和扫帚一样大，每粒稻米和麦穗一样饱满。 vision n. 视力；视野；想象；影像 reality n. 现实，实际情况，事实 real adj. 真实的 really adv. 真实地 in reality 事实上 His later vision for “sweater rice” also became a reality.. 后来他的“海水稻”愿景也成为了现实。 salty adj. 咸的；含盐的 salt n. 盐 and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometers of salty land in China for rice production. 并有望在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地用于水稻生产。 Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always excited to see what he would dream up next. vision n. 视力；视野；想象；影像 袁隆平仍然保持着年轻的心态，而且满怀憧憬，大家都兴奋地期待他下一个不同寻常的想法。 Reading for writing UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century . 自二十世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料便广泛应用于耕作。 widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地 in widespread use 广泛应用 bacterium n. 细菌 For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. 例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。 digest vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. 这会影响土里的种植物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。 nutrition n. 营养（物） As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. 至于化学肥料，用其施肥的作物通常生长过快而营养不足。 essential adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less favour as well. 此类作物外表好看，而内里却经常多是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。 mineral n. 矿物；矿物质 essentially adv. 本质上；基本上 be essential to/for… 对…很重要 It is essential for sb to do sth. 对某人来说，做…是必要的 alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, 作为一种替代方法，有些农民也已经转向有机耕作。 alternatively adv. 可供选择地 have the alternative of doing sth 有做某事的选择 have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 grocery n. 食品杂货店 When they shop at the local grocery, 当他们在当地食杂店购物时。 instance n. 例子；实例；事例 For instance 例如 the instance 一…就… batch n. 一批；一组 vt. 分批处理 Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. 种植不同作物的原因，使为了把重要物质重新放回土壤中，让土壤为下一批的作物种植做准备。 depth n. 深度 Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to keep it rich. 有机种植的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的农作物，以保持土壤肥沃。 root n. 根；根茎；根部；根源 But many other vegetables put down deep roots. 而许多其他蔬菜则扎根于土壤深处。 in depth 深入地；全面地 deep adj. 深的 deeply adv. 深深地；强烈地 entirely adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地 Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agricultural entirely. 有些人宁愿在农业中彻底停止使用人造化学品。 entire adj. 全部的；完整的；完全的 aspects n. 方面；层面 $$