Unit4 Natural DIasters Discovering useful structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS Discovering Useful Structures 人教版（2019） 英语 必修一 1 Attribute (定语) 1. He is an honest boy. 2. We love our country. 3. What’s your telephone number? 4. She is a beautiful girl. 限定；修饰 honest our telephone 找出下列句中的定语。 beautiful 修饰名词和代词的成分，作定语的除了形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语。 定语: my teacher three boys clothes shop the students in class 1.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget. 2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 定语从句 找出下列句中的定语。 3.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 4.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise. 定语从句 5.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador. Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 which, who, whom, whose, that where, when，why 高考考点所在 一. 判断相关复合句中包含着定语从句 定语从句的位置 Parents are the people who you should care about. The boy who the teacher praises is their monitor. 在主句的后面 或插在主句的中间 7 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1.意义不同：限制性定语从句用于修饰先行词，不可缺少，否则主句的意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作附加或补充性的说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整、清楚。 2.形式不同：非限制性定语从句一般会用逗号隔开。 1.People who take physical exercise regularly live longer. （若把定语从句去掉，句子意义不完整）（限制性定语从句） 2.His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week. (若把定语从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整）（非限制性定语从句） 8 做题技巧： 1. 确定定语从句 2.确定先行词，指人指物还是指时间地点原因 3.确定指代先行词的关系词在定语从句中作的成分 4. 确定关系词 The boys ______are playing football are from Class One. The room ________ window faces south is mine. who whose 03 Studying the rules. 关系代词 Look at the kites which are flying in the sky. The pen (which) I’m using is pretty good. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a novelist. The woman (whom) they wanted to visit is a teacher. Who’s the boy that is reading a book? Can you show me the photo (that) you like best? I know the girl whose mother is a teacher. The house whose windows are closed is mine. which：指物 作主语或宾语 who：指人，作主语；whom：指人，作宾语 whose：指人或物 作定语 that：指人或物 作主语或宾语 关系 代词 指代的 先行词 在从句中 所做成分 是否可省略 that which who whom whose 关系代词的用法 人，物 物 人 人 (人/物)的 主语,宾语 主语,宾语 主语,宾语 宾语 定语 作宾语可省 作宾语可省 作宾语可省 可省 不可省 1. Could you still remember the time when the train left ? 2. This is the factory where my father works? 3. Do you know the reason why he was late for school? when the train left the time the factory where my father works? the reason why he was late for school? when where why （指时间，作状语） （指地点，作状语） （指原因，作状语） 关系副词 03 Studying the rules 1. The reason ___________ he gave us sounded reasonable. 2. I don’t know the reason _______ he quarreled with you. 3. I’ll never forget the day ___________ we spent together. 4. I’ll remember the day _________ we met. 5. This is the hotel ____________ we visited last year. 6. This is the hotel _________ Lincoln once lived. why that/which that/which when that/which where 技巧：分析关系词在从句中所充当的成分，或从句缺什么成分。 考点1：关系代词VS关系副词 1. Yesterday I helped an old man ______ had lost his way. 2. Li Ming is the boy ________ I want to see. 3. The factory _____ makes computers is far away from here. 4. I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country. 5. Do you like the book ______ cover is yellow? 6. He is unlikely to find the place ______ he lived forty years ago. 7.Do you know the reason ______ he was late again. who/that who/whom/that which/ that whose whose where why 03 Studying the rules 先行词为物/事，只能用that,不能用which的情况 (1)不定代词 anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, little,some,none为先行词时。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. (2)先行词被 all, every, no, any, the only, the very(恰好，正好), the right, the last, the same等这些词修饰时； This is the very bus that I’m waiting for. (3)先行词是或者被序数词、形容词或最高级修饰时； The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twain. 15 (4)先行词既有人又有物时； He talked about the teachers and school that he visited. (5)当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复, 用that Who is the person that is standing at the gate? (6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另一个宜用that。 This is the book that you bought which you have lost. 16 (1)在非限定性定语从句中，无论如何也不能用that。 These books, which you can get at any corner of the town will give you all the information. (2)关系代词前面出现介词时。 Those days in which you could travel without a passport has gone. That’s the motel at which we stayed several years ago. (3)当先行词本身为指示代词 that时。 What about that which had appeared in recent activities. (4)先行词后面有插入语时。 Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help you improve your English. 先行词为物/事，只能用which,不能用that的情况 17 (1)先行词指人的不定代词, anyone, one,ones,nobody, anybody,none时； Is he the one who wants to see you? (2)先行词存现句中主语指人的名词时。(在there be句型中) There is a young man who wants to see you. (3)先行词是指人的those时。 Those who have good manners will be highly respected. 先行词为人，宜用who不宜用that的情况 18 1.Finally, the thief handed over everything ______ he has stolen. 2.This is the best movie ______ I’ve ever watched. 3.We talked about the things and persons ______ we remembered. 4.He was the only one of the students ______ was praised. 5.The first thing ______ we should do is to work out a plan. 【实战演练】 I know the woman _______ daughter is my deskmate. He likes to live in the room ______ window faces south. whose: 定语（“……的”），指人或物 whose与of which / of whom的互换 The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting. = The novel of which the title is Red and Black is very interesting. =The novel the title of which is Red and Black is very interesting. This is the scientist whose achievements are well-known. 考点2：关系代词whose的用法 考点3：关系副词where的特殊用法 I’ve reached a stage where I just don’t care any more. 当先行词为point, stage, position, case, situation, condition等，且关系词在从句中作状语时，需要用关系副词where引导定语从句。 1.You reach a point in your project where you just want to get the thing finished. 2.There are cases where this rule does not hold good. 1.He still remembers all the days ___B_____ he spent with your family. A.which B.that C.when D.of which 2.I like teachers ____D____ classes are interesting and creative. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 3.My grandma still remember the days ____A____ she spent ________ with you in the country side. A.that; staying B.during; to stay C.when; staying D.what; to stay 4.Macao is a popular tourist destination ___A___. A.that receives many visitors every year. B.that it receives many visitors every year. C.where receives many visitors every year. D.where it receives many visitors every year. 5.Life is like a long race___D_____ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A.which B.what C.that D.where 6.After working for 10 years, I find teaching is a job ____D_____you are doing something serious but interesting. A.that B.which C.when D.where 7.I don’t know the reason ____C____ he looks unhappy today. A.where B.that C.why D.when 8.There are times___C__ I wonder why I do this job. A.as B.while C.which D.when 9.Newspapers are making their efforts to attract readers in an age _______ most people read news online for free. A.that B.where C.when D.why 10.To be exact, all ________ is needed is a supply of oil. A.the thing B.that C.what D.which 11.She was angry to see the beautiful coat ________ she had bought the day before ________ with snow. A.which; cover B.that; covered C./; covering D.where; covered. 12.You can’t wake a person ________ is pretending to be asleep. A.who B.which C.he D.不填 13.The prize will go to the writer ________story shows the most imagination. A.that B.which C.whose D.who 14.This is the first birthday gift ________ I received. I’ve kept it many years. A.which B.that C.who D.what 15.This is the village in ________ he was brought up. A.why B.that C.what D.which 易考点4: 介词+which / whom/whose引导定从 关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at / during…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which 1. I won’t forget the day when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. 3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he haven’t come today. 4.I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard. 介词 + which/whom/whose 1. 如何选介词 看和先行词的搭配 看从句谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配 看上下文语义 1.Yesterday we paid a visit to the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 2.The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first. 3.Tom broke his glasses, without which he could see nothing at all. Fill in each blank with a proper prep.+whom/which. 1. This is the gun _____ _____ the hunter shot the antelope. 2. The athletes _____ _____ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic. 3. He’ll never forget the day _____ _____ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time. 4. A great number of cultural relics have been found in a village _____ _____ there are lots of old temples. 5. The guitar _____ _____ Dave composed our first song is in a music museum. 6. The musicians _____ _____ we have great interest toured Europe with us. with which against/with whom on which in which with which in whom 1.Mr Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father. 2.Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 3.Laura couldn't come to our party, which was a pity. 4.Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. 5.Mr Brown has written a novel, whose name I completely remember. 6.More and more people in the world, as we see, have come to realize the significance of pollution control. 7.The story in the book happened in Canada, where Norman Bethune was born. 8.I left on Sunday, when everyone was at home. 考点5：非限制性定语从句： 非限制性定语从句 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词： as, which, who, whom, whose, where, when… 注意：①that, why不能引导非限制性定语从句； ②在非限制性定语从句中，whom作宾语不能省略 1.He still remembers all the days ________ he spent with your family. A.which B.that C.when D.of which 2.I like teachers ________ classes are interesting and creative. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 3.My grandma still remember the days ________ she spent ________ with you in the country side. A.that; staying B.during; to stay C.when; staying D.what; to stay 4.Macao is a popular tourist destination ______. A.that receives many visitors every year. B.that it receives many visitors every year. C.where receives many visitors every year. D.where it receives many visitors every year. 5.Life is like a long race________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A.which B.what C.that D.where 6.After working for 10 years, I find teaching is a job ___________you are doing something serious but interesting. A.that B.which C.when D.where 7.I don’t know the reason ________ he looks unhappy today. A.where B.that C.why D.when 8.There are times_____ I wonder why I do this job. A.as B.while C.which D.when 9.We went through a period ________ communications were difficult in the rural areas. A.which B.whose C.in which D.with which 10.The only thing________ many of the papers focus their attention is the argument about the statements made by the foreign secretary. A.which B.that C.on which D.on that 11.I’m going to visit the factory ________ your brother worked a few years ago. A.that B.in where C.in which D.what 12.American women usually consider their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently. A.who B.whom C.about which D.with whom 13.We study in a school ____ fame is known nationwide and it is a school _______ we can fully develop our potential. A.which; where B.whose; which C.who; that D.whose; in which 14.Many young people3 most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A.of which B.of them C.of whom D.of those 15.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 考点6：which引导非限制性定语从句 1.Laura couldn't come to our party, which was a pity. 2.Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. 注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，放在主句后面，既可以代指主句一整件事情，通常译成“这”；也可以代指主句当中某个先行词(单词或词组），具体由句意确定。 易考点7: as引导限制性定语从句 as引导限制性定从通常用于the same...as(和……同样的), such... as (像……一样)的结构中。 He is such a person________we like very much. as such判别依据：缺成分用as，不缺成分用that 1.I have never seen such a lazy man as you. 2.I have the same book as he has. 易考点8: as引导非限制性定从VS which引导非限制性定从 He won the game, as was expected． I was very helpful to him, which/as he realized．　 as和which都可以代指前面的先行词或整个句子，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如: 但下列情况下as和which一般不能互换： 1. as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中，而which一般放在主句之后，放在后面指代主句一整件事情时有时可以互换，但一般as可强调意料之中，译成“正如”，which则强调意料之外，译成“这”。 As our teacher points out, that book is of benefit to everyone． Heat is a form of energy, as is known to all of us． This machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating． He failed in the exam again, as was expected． He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected． 2.下列固定结构，一般只能用as，如： as has been said before, ......(正如之前所说的那样) as is mentioned above, ......(正如以上所提到的那样) as we (all) know / as is (well) known to us, ......(正如大家所知道的那样) as is reported, ......(正如所报道的那样) as is expected, ........(正如所预料的那样) as often happens 正像经常发生的那样 as is often the case as we have expected 正如我们预料的那样 as is announced He is the only one of the boys who is given a prize. the one of +复名 the only one of +复名 定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保致一致 易考点8：定从的主谓一致的问题 Herry Potter is a boy who has a magical flying broom. the one of +复名 先行词为 复名 the only one of +复名 先行词为 the only one 1. The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds. (2008陕西卷) A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 2. The Science Museum, ____________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. （2008江苏卷） A. which B. what C. that D. where 3. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. （全国卷II） A. it B. what C. which D. that 4.I’ll give you my friend’s home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings. （08北京卷） A. which B. when C. whom D. where Thank you! $$