重点单词和短语的区别比较 课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

词或短语的区别比较 1 Pain 一般的疼痛 Ache 局部较持久的疼痛 Hurt 精神，感情伤害，也指肉体伤害 2 比较if only与only if only if表示"只有"； if only则表示"如果……就好了"。 　I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 　If only the alarm clock had rung.　　　当时闹钟响了，就好了。 　　If only也可用于陈述语气。 If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。 3 a bit a little 区别 两个都可以作程度副词， 表示“稍微”，“一点”的意思。修饰动词，形容词，比较级等，二者可以互换。 Will you please turn down the radio a bit /a little ? 不同之处： 1）a little 可以直接修饰不可数名词， 而a bit 修饰不可数名词时，只能用a bit of Tom has a little money .= Tom has a bit of money . 2）not a little 和not a bit 的意义正好相反， not a bit =not at all ,意为“根本不”；not a little =very much”解，译为”很，非常”。 He is not a bit tired.他一点也不累。 He is not a little tired .他相当累。 4 Contain 可用来表示所含之物的全部或部分 Include 只用于表示所包含之物的一部分 5 If 和whether 表示“是否”时的区别 1.在动词后引起宾语从句时可以互换。 Please see if the children are dressed for school. 2. If 不和or not 直接连用， 而whether可以。 He didn’t say if he would be staying here or not. Please tell me whether or not you agree. 3. 与不定式连用只能用whether I don’t know whether to answer it ( or not). 4. 引起同位语从句时，只能用whether You have yet to answer my question whether I can count on your vote. 5.引起表语从句时只能用whether What we want to know is whether he will come on time. 6. 引起主语从句时，if 从句不能位于句首，而whether 可以 It is not clear to me if / whether she likes the present. Whether she likes the present is not clear to me. 7. 介词后一般用whether引起宾语从句 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. This depends upon whether he is interested in doing this kind of work. 8. Dinner was almost over when Dan still looking hungry, grinned, and asked Dave if he wasn’t going to have some bread. Mary told only John the secret. First, I’d like to tell you a few things about this factory. He told me nothing about what I should do. 玛丽只把秘密告诉了约翰。 首先， 我想告诉你们有关这家工厂的一些情况。 对于我该干什么， 他什么也没告诉我。 6 tell sb. sth. 和tell sb. about sth. 前者意为告诉某人某事， 指把某事直接告诉某人；后者意为告诉某人有关某事的情况。 7 need"不必做"和"本不该做" didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。. 　needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。 　John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。 　John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。) 典型例题 　There was plenty of time. She ___. A. mustn't have hurried　 B. couldn't have hurried　　 C. must not hurry　 D. needn't have hurried 答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 　Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。 8 原因状语从句 比较：because, since, as和for 1）　because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 　 I didn't go, because I was afraid. 　 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）　由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 　 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 　 He must be ill, for he is absent today. 9 让步状语从句 though, although 　注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用 　Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.　 　虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 　He is very old, but he still works very hard.　 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 　伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 （谚语） 典型例题 1） ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.　 When　B. However　 C. Although　D. Unless 答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。 10 as, though 引导的倒装句 　 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 　　Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 　= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意： a.　句首名词不能带任何冠词。 　　　　b.　句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 　　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 　 = Though he tries hard, he never seems… 　虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 11 "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" 　　 No matter what happened, he would not mind. 　　 Whatever happened, he would not mind. 　 替换：no matter what = whatever 　　　　 no matter who = whoever 　　　　 no matter when = whenever 　　　　 no matter where = wherever 　　　　 no matter which = whichever 　　　　 no matter how = however 　 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 　（错）No matter what you say is of no use now. 　（对）Whatever you say is of no use now. 　　　 你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句) 　（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given, 　（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.　囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。 12 比较while, when, as 1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。 　　　 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。 　　　 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。 　　　 As the day went on, the weather got worse.　 　　　日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。 13 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可　以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 　 肯定句： 　 I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you.　 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 　 否定句： 　 She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 　 她直到6点才到。 　 Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 　 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 　 I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.　 直到你教我后，我才会做。 1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 　　Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 　　直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。　 2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。 　 ---Until when are you staying?　你呆到什么时候？ 　 --- Until next Monday.　呆到下周一。　 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 (1）Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。 　　Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 　　直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。 　　Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 　 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。 (2)　It is not until… that… 14 as if, as though 　 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如： 　They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 　他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） 　He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 　他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） 　It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。） 　说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： 　He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。 　He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 　The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 15 One that 1）The weather in China is different from____. A. in America　 B. one in America　 C. America D. that in America 答案：D. 本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。“ 比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。 16 兼有两种形式的副词 1) close与closely 　　close意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地" 　　　 He is sitting close to me. 　　　 Watch him closely. 2)　late 与lately 　　 late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近" 　　　 You have come too late. 　　　 What have you been doing lately? 3)　deep与deeply 　　 deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地" 　　　 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 　　　 Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4)　high与highly 　　 high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much 　　　 The plane was flying high. 　　　 I think highly of your opinion. 5)　wide与widely 　　 wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方" 　　　 He opened the door wide. 　 English is widely used in the world. 6)　free与freely 　　free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地" 　　　 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 17 both和all的用法 　　(1)相同之处 　　A. 两个词都可以指代人和物。 　　They are both in Class Ten.(指人) 　　他们俩都在十班。 　　I don't know which book is better. I shall read both. (指物) 　　我不知道哪一本好一些。这两本我都要读。 　　All are agreed.(指人) 　　全体赞成。 　　He gave all he had.(指物) 　　他倾其所有。 B. 两个词都具有名词性质和形容词性质。 　　There are two young men in the room. Both are in twenties.(名词性) 　　屋子里有两个年青人。俩人都二十几岁。 　　Both her children go to the same school.(形容词性) 　　她的两个孩子在同一个学校读书。 　　All are gone. (名词性) 　　大家都走了。 　　All roads lead to Rome. (形容词性) 　　条条大路通 罗马。 C. 两个词在句子中都可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 　　Both (of them) like popular songs. (主语) 　　(他们)两人都喜欢流行歌曲。 　　All of us are sick. (主语) 　　我们全都病了。 　　I'll take both of them with me.(宾语) 　　他们两个我全带去。 　　I want all of you to do well. (宾语) 　　我要你们所有的人都好好干。 　　Both men are interested in the job.(定语) 　　两个人都对这项工作感兴趣。 　　We worked hard all year. (定语) 　　我们整年辛勤工作。 　　They both like China very much.(同位语) 　　他们俩都非常喜爱中国。 　　They all agreed to stay. (同位语) 　　他们都同意留下。 D. 两个词都可以与of连用。 　　I want to buy both of the books. 　　这两本书我都想要买。 　　It'll cost all of $500. 　　它要花费整整500 美元。 (2)不同之处 　　A. both只能指可数名词，表示两者。 　　Both of them are from Russia. 　　他们俩都来自俄罗斯。 　　I want both books. 　　这两本书我都要。 B. all既指可数名词，又指不可数名词。在指不可数名词时，表示三者或三者以上。 　　All agree your idea. 　　大家都同意你的想法。 　　All of the books are interesting. 　　这些书都很有趣。 　　但是，当all的意思是“一切”时，表示单数意义。 　　All is the same, just like ten years ago. 　　一切都没有变，就像十年前一样。 $$