精品解析：上海师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题

上师大附中2024学年第一学期期中考试 高三年级英语学科 I. Listening Comprehension 25% Section A 10% Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She doesn’t work hard in maths. B. She is inferior to him in maths. C. She didn’t do well in this test. D. She is good at maths. 2. A. The library will be closed later this afternoon. B. The computers in the library are not working. C. The man needs his computer all afternoon. D. The woman has lent her computer to somebody else. 3. A. Going to the opera is time-consuming. B. There is no time left to book opera tickets. C. She would like to go with the man to the opera. D. She will help the man pay for the opera tickets. 4. A. Worth the price. B. Expensive. C. Mysterious. D. Good for health. 5. A. 11 a.m. B. 12p.m. C.1p.m. D.3p.m. 6. A. The woman will have to call her roommate. B. The woman may have to change her living arrangement. C. The woman does not clean her apartment often enough. D. The woman should not spend so much time on the phone. 7. A. She also thinks the lecture interesting. B. She was too tired to enjoy the lecture. C. She missed the lecture this morning. D. She did not finish the reading before the lecture. 8. A. Her work experience. B. The courses she has taken. C. Her knowledge of the graduate school. D. The description of her academic performance. 9. A. The woman just had her coat cleaned. B. The woman is not angry with the man. C. The woman does not like to drink coffee in the afternoon. D. It was not the woman’s coat that the man spilled coffee on. 10. A. She hopes to get into art school. B. She is working as a commercial artist. C. She has talents other than drawing. D. She cannot decide upon a career. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Kids threw litter everywhere. B. The camp director gave rude orders. C. Mysterious plastic litter was found. D. Kids’ joint effort led to a clean camp. 12. A. By taking pictures of the litter he picked up. B. By sharing photos of the terribly dirty planet. C. By keeping a record of crowdsourced cleaning-up. D. By inspiring kids to pick up five pieces of litter every day. 13. A. There is strength in numbers. B. Birds can help to pick up litter. C. Litter is artistic and approachable. D. More straws should be used in the cafe. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Alcohol and coffee. B. Coffee and chicken. C. Hotpot and drinks. D. Chicken and meat. 15. A. Movies are available to people in Shanghai at midnight. B. People in Hangzhou attach great importance to dinner. C. A total of nine online platforms provided data for the report. D. People in Beijing voted Starbucks as their favorite drink. 16. A. People’s eating habits in different regions of China. B. The impact of mobile payment on Chinese lifestyles. C. The differences in nightlife among residents in Chinese cities. D. The financial pressure residents felt from the nightlife activities. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He hasn’t found a job yet. B. He plans to start looking after the final exams. C. He’s had several interviews. D. He’s expecting an offer from The New York Times. 18. A. Writer. B. Interviewer. C. Newspaper reporter. D. Teacher. 19. A. New York. B. Boston. C. Chicago. D. Los Angeles. 20. A. Continue his education. B. Delay his graduation. C. Change his career plan. D. Continue job hunting. I. Grammar and Vocabulary20% Section A 10% Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Emotional Debt Many people today live under the weight of debt from loans or credit cards. As harmful as financial debt is, there is ___1___ form of debt that is even more damaging — emotional debt. Dr. James Richards states that emotional debt occurs when we experience emotional pain ___2___ remains unresolved. If the pain is not dealt with, it will affect our entire lives. Throughout the years, we have chances for happiness, love and success. But unresolved pain can emerge and cause us to respond in ways that aren’t reasonable, ___3___ (result) in destroyed relationships and lost opportunities. When we have a tendency ___4___ (respond) inappropriately, we often hurt those around us. Unfortunately, our unsettled problems sometimes become too much for them to handle and cause them to abandon the relationship. People with destructive patterns ___5___ check their lives for signs of unresolved pain, for your emotional debt can come from various forms of past unfair, cruel or violent treatment or neglect. The fact is ___6___ you are probably holding onto painful memories of controlling parents or very demanding teachers. Any negative emotion that you have controlled over the year can come back to cause harm ___7___ you least expect it. Recognize your feelings, but don’t focus on them all the time, because acknowledging and challenging your pain is difficult, but recognizing it is the first step ___8___ dealing with it. Admit you are angry about the past, and discuss it with someone you trust, or write it down because this will ease some of the danger and hatred you ___9___ (keep) bottled up for years. Refuse to be a victim and accept responsibility for dealing with your painful past because this puts you in charge and limits the power your emotions have over you. Take specific steps to resolve your emotional debt now ____10____ deal with the consequences later. 【答案】1. another 2. that##which 3. resulting 4. to respond 5. should 6. that 7. when 8. toward 9. have kept 10. rather than 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要对情感债务进行了说明，并对如何处理这个问题提出了建议。 【1题详解】 考查代词。句意：尽管财务债务的危害已经很大，但还有一种债务的危害甚至更大，那就是情感债务。此处需要一个限定词来修饰“form of debt”，表示“另一种形式的债务”。根据句意，应该选择“another”，表示“另一个，另一种”。故填another。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：詹姆斯·理查兹博士指出，当我们经历尚未解决的情感痛苦时，就会产生情感债务。空处引导定语从句，先行词emotional pain，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，未解决的痛苦会浮现出来，导致我们以不合理的方式回应，从而破坏人际关系并错失机会。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，result和前面的句子为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填resulting。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们有做出不当回应的倾向时，往往会伤害到周围的人。修饰名词tendency，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to respond。 【5题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：有破坏性行为模式的人应该审视自己的生活，寻找未解决痛苦的迹象，因为你的情感债务可能源自过去各种形式的不公平、残忍或暴力对待，或是忽视。根据句意可知，此处是在建议或要求他们这样做，应用情态动词should。故填should。 【6题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：事实是，你可能一直紧抓着对控制欲强的父母或要求严苛的老师的痛苦记忆不放。空处引导表语从句，且从句结构和意义完整，所以可以用连接词that引导。故填that。 【7题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：多年来，你一直压抑的任何负面情绪都可能在你最意想不到的时候卷土重来，造成伤害。此句需要一个连接词来引导时间状语从句，表示“在你最意想不到的时候”，此处应用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：要认识自己的感受，但不要一直沉浸其中，因为承认并挑战自己的痛苦是困难的，但认识它是处理它的第一步。固定短语“the first step toward doing sth.”，表示“做某事的第一步”。故填toward。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：承认你对过去感到愤怒，并与你信任的人讨论，或者写下来，因为这样做会缓解你多年来一直压抑的危险情绪和仇恨。根据句意“这将缓解你多年来一直压抑的危险和仇恨”可知，此处是在描述过去发生的事情对现在的影响，所以用现在完成时，主语是you，所以助动词用have。故填have kept。 【10题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：现在就采取具体行动来解决你的情感债务，而不是以后再去应对其后果。resolve your emotional debt now和deal with the consequences later为转折关系，需用rather than，表示“而不是”来连接。故填rather than。 Section B 10% Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. claimed B. cuisine C. securing D. adding E. fueling F. made G. opponent H. seed I. historic J. tough K. venue Zheng Secures Historic Tennis Gold for China China’s women’s ace Zheng Qinwen has etched her name in tennis history after winning the country’s first singles Olympic gold medal in Paris on Saturday, ____11____ her meteoric career rise with another major accolade (荣誉). China’s world No. 7 Zheng was the sixth ____12____ in the 64-draw Olympic tournament. She lived up to her favorite status in the final against Donna Vekic of Croatia at the Roland Garros Stadium, breaking her 21st-ranked ____13____ four times while conceding only one of her service games to prevail 6-2, 6-3 at the iconic site of the red clay Grand Slam to win the gold medal. It was only China’s second Olympic gold medal in tennis, following a women’s doubles title won by Li Ting and Sun Tiantian at Athens 2004, and the first in singles. After ____14____ the win with a forehand winner down the line, Zheng lay down on her back to rousing cheers across the Court Philippe-Chatrier, soaking up the ____15____ moment for her own career and for the sport’s profile in China. It was the second Olympic tennis medal won by the Chinese delegation in Paris, after mixed doubles pair Zhang Zhizhen and Wang Xinyu ____16____ a silver medal in Friday’s final, which was won by Czech team Katerina Siniakova and Tomas Machac at the same ____17____. “Nothing can describe my feeling right now, it’s unreal. I’ve always been hoping to get a medal for China. Finally I _____18_____ it.” an emotional Zheng said during the on-court interview. “I did everything I could. I think my country will be proud of me, I feel proud of myself. The success is for all my team members, my families and whoever supported me, not just for me. I just fought every single match. There were two matches that I almost lost on my way to the final, especially 0-4 down in the second set against Iga (Swiatek) in the semis. I feel the energy of all the support, knowing that I play for my country. I just never gave up and tried to find every single solution,” Zheng said of her ____19____ path to success. And for the celebration? The 21-year-old native of Hubei province just wants to join her family and enjoy some home _______20_______. “I haven’t thought about it yet. For sure to eat some Chinese food, after having eaten chicken and rice every day here, nothing much of flavor,” she said with a grin. 【答案】11. E 12. H 13. G 14. C 15. I 16. A 17. K 18. F 19. J 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了郑钦文为中国斩获网球历史金牌。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：周六，中国女子网球名将郑钦文在巴黎夺得中国首枚女子单打奥运金牌，将自己的名字镌刻在网球历史之上，为其飞速发展的职业生涯再添殊荣。根据句意“迅速发展”可知，此处为动词fuel，空白处在句子中作状语，表示一个自然而然的结果，使用现在分词fueling。故选E。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：世界排名第七中国选手郑钦文是64签奥运网球赛的第六号种子选手。根据句意“种子选手”可知，空处需填名词seed，作表语。故选H。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：在罗兰·加洛斯体育场(Roland Garros Stadium)举行的决赛中，她不负众望，以6-2、6-3的比分击败了克罗地亚选手唐娜·维基奇(Donna Vekic)，夺得金牌。在这场红土大满贯标志性地点的比赛中，她四次破发排名第21位的对手，而自己仅在发球局失掉一分。根据句意“对手”可知，此处为名词opponent，作宾语，使用名词，根据“21st-ranked(排名第21的)”可知，空白处填名词单数形式。故选G。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：在以一记直线正手制胜球赢得比赛后，郑钦文躺在场地上，听着菲利普·夏蒂埃球场(Court Philippe-Chatrier)内此起彼伏的欢呼声，沉浸在自己职业生涯中的这一历史时刻，也沉浸在中国网球界的高光时刻。根据句意“（经过努力）获得，取得，实现”可知，此处为动词secure，位于介词after之后，需用动名词securing，作宾语。故选C。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同上。根据句意“具有历史意义的”可知，此处为形容词historic，作定语。故选I。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：在周五的决赛中，张之臻/王欣瑜组合摘得银牌，为中国代表团赢得本届奥运会在巴黎的第二枚网球奖牌。捷克组合卡特琳娜·西尼亚科娃/托马斯·马哈奇在同一场地摘得金牌。根据句意“获得”可知，此处为动词claim，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时。故选A。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。根据句意“场馆”可知，此处为名词venue，作宾语，根据“the same(相同的)”可知空白处填名词单数。故选K。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：“没有什么语言可以形容我现在的感受，太不真实了。我一直希望能为中国拿到一枚奖牌。我做到了。”郑钦文在赛后采访中含泪表示。根据句意“做到”可知，此处为动词make，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时。故选F。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“在我通往决赛的路上，有两场比赛我几乎要输掉，尤其是在半决赛第二盘0-4落后于伊加（斯维亚特克）的时候。我感受到大家支持的力量，我知道我是在为祖国而战。所以我从未放弃，努力寻找每一个解决办法，”郑钦文在谈到自己艰难的夺冠之路时说道。根据句意“艰难的”可知，此处为形容词tough，作定语。故选J。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：至于庆祝，这位21岁的湖北姑娘只想和家人在一起，享受家乡美食。根据句意“美食”可知，此处为名词cuisine，作宾语。故选B。 III. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A 15% Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As newborns, we enter the world by inhaling. In leaving, we exhale. (In fact, in many languages the word “exhale” is synonymous with “___21___.”) Breathing is so central to life that it is no wonder humankind long ago noted its value not only to survival but to the___22___of the body and mind and began controlling it to improve well-being. As early as the first millennium B.C., both the Tao religion of China and Hinduism placed importance on a “vital principle” that flows through the body, a kind of energy or internal breath. The Chinese call this energy qi, and Hindus call it prana (one of the key concepts of yoga). A little later, in the West, the Greek term pheuma and the Hebrew term ruah both___23___the breath and the divine presence. ___24___for how to modulate(调节) breathing and influence health and mind appeared centuries ago as well. Pranayama(“breath retention”) yoga was the first to build a theory around respiratory(呼吸的) control, holding that ___25___breathing was a way to increase longevity. In more modern times, German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz developed “autogenic training” in the 1920s as a method of ___26___. The approach is partly___27___slow and deep breathing and is probably still the best-known breathing technique for relaxation in the West today. Yoga and meditation have inspired many of the breathing exercises used today. The___28___of controlled respiration were first theoretically suggested centuries ago by the practitioners of pranayama yoga. What is the best time to ___29___slow-breathing techniques? One is during occasional episodes of____30____—for example, before taking an exam, competing in a sporting event or even attending a routine meeting at work. These exercises may also help when insomnia strikes. In 2012 Suzanne M. Bertisch of Harvard Medical School and her colleagues reported, based on survey data, that more than 20 percent of American insomniacs do these breathing exercises to have a____31____sleep. But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety. They are particularly____32____in people with psychiatric disorders such as phobias(恐惧症), depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(创伤后压力). In 2015 Stefania Doria and her colleagues at Fatebenefratellie Oftalmico Hospital in Milan, Italy, offered 10 training sessions to 69 patients with anxiety or depressive disorders. The researchers observed a significant ____33____in symptoms at the end of the sessions. But why confine breathing techniques to____34____emotions? It is also worth applying them during pleasurable moments, to take the time to appreciate and remember them. In short, one can pause and breathe for____35____as well as to calm down. 21. A. changing B. recovering C. dying D. destroying 22. A. strengthening B. maintaining C. building D. functioning 23. A. dealt with B. referred to C. led to D. consisted of 24. A. Policies B. Recommendations C. Clues D. Habits 25. A. labored B. slowed C. deepened D. controlled 26. A. relaxation B. development C. illustration D. communication 27. A. based on B. intended for C. adapted to D. compared with 28. A. difficulties B. performances C. benefits D. harms 29. A. improve B. master C. apply D. pioneer 30. A. thrill B. stress C. excitement D. calm 31. A. restless B. dreamy C. light D. profound 32. A. sensitive B. powerful C. effective D. safe 33. A. decrease B. discovery C. difference D. development 34. A. diverse B. delicate C. personal D. negative 35. A. anxiety B. enjoyment C. fear D. relief 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了呼吸的重要性和调节呼吸对健康及心态的影响，介绍了从古至今的呼吸控制理论、技巧及其在不同情境下的应用。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为新生儿，我们通过吸气来到这个世界。在离世时，我们呼气。（事实上，在许多语言中，“呼气”一词与“死亡”是同义词。）A. changing改变；B. recovering恢复；C. dying死亡；D. destroying破坏。根据上文“In leaving, we exhale.”可知，我们离世的时候会呼气。由此可推测，在许多语言中，呼气和死亡是同义词。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：呼吸对生命至关重要，难怪人类很久以前就注意到了它不仅对生存至关重要，而且对身心功能运作也至关重要，并开始控制呼吸以改善健康状况。A. strengthening加强；B. maintaining维持；C. building建立；D. functioning运作。根据下文“began controlling it to improve well-being”可知，空处指的是对身心功能的运作很重要，所以要学会控制呼吸以改善健康。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：稍后，在西方，希腊语中的“pheuma”和希伯来语中的“ruah”都指的是呼吸和神的存在。A. dealt with处理；B. referred to提及、指的是；C. led to导致；D. consisted of由……组成。根据空前“the Greek term pheuma and the Hebrew term ruah”以及空后“the breath and the divine presence”可知，空后是对主语的解释。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于如何调节呼吸以及影响健康和心态的建议也早在几个世纪前就出现了。A. Policies政策；B. Recommendations建议、推荐；C. Clues线索；D. Habits习惯。根据下文“Pranayama(“breath retention”) yoga was the first to build a theory around respiratory(呼吸的) control, holding that ___5___breathing was a way to increase longevity.”可知，下文是如何调节呼吸的一些建议。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：普拉纳雅玛（“屏息”）瑜伽是第一个围绕呼吸控制建立理论的，认为控制呼吸是延长寿命的一种方式。A. labored费力做、致力于；B. slowed减慢；C. deepened加深；D. controlled控制。根据上文“Pranayama(“breath retention”) yoga was the first to build a theory around respiratory(呼吸的) control”可知，该理论是围绕呼吸控制的，由此可知，空处指的是控制呼吸可延长寿命。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在近现代，德国精神病学家约翰内斯·海因里希·舒尔茨在20世纪20年代开发了“自生训练”作为一种放松方法。A. relaxation放松；B. development发展；C. illustration说明；D. communication交流。根据下文“The approach is partly___7___slow and deep breathing and is probably still the best-known breathing technique for relaxation in the West today.”可知，这种方法是用来放松自我的。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：这种方法部分基于缓慢而深长的呼吸，可能是当今西方最著名的放松呼吸技巧。A. based on以……为基础、基于；B. intended for为了；C. adapted to适应；D. compared with与……相比。根据空前主语“the approach”以及空后“slow and deep breathing”可知，该方法以缓慢而深长的呼吸为基础。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：控制呼吸的好处早在几个世纪前就被普拉纳雅玛瑜伽的修行者从理论上提出来了。A. difficulties困难；B. performances表演、表现；C. benefits好处、益处；D. harms伤害。根据上文“Yoga and meditation have inspired many of the breathing exercises used today.”可知，本段讲述的是控制呼吸的好处。故选C。 29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：什么时候最适合应用慢呼吸技巧呢？A. improve提高、改善；B. master掌握；C. apply应用、使用；D. pioneer开辟、开创。根据下文“One is during occasional episodes of___10___—for example, before taking an exam, competing in a sporting event or even attending a routine meeting at work.”可知，空处指的是什么时候我们应该运用慢呼吸技巧。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一是在偶尔出现压力的时候——例如，在考试前、参加体育比赛时，甚至是参加日常工作会议时。A. thrill激动；B. stress压力；C. excitement兴奋；D. calm平静。根据下文“for example, before taking an exam, competing in a sporting event or even attending a routine meeting at work”以及常理可知，这些都是压力大的时候。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2012年，哈佛医学院的苏珊娜·M·伯提施及其同事根据调查数据报告称，超过20%的美国失眠症患者会做这些呼吸练习来获得深度睡眠。A. restless不安的；B. dreamy梦幻的；C. light明亮的、轻松的；D. profound深奥的、深度的。根据上文“These exercises may also help when insomnia strikes.”可知，呼吸练习有益于解决失眠问题。由此可推测，超过20%的美国失眠症患者会做这些呼吸练习来获得深度睡眠。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于有恐惧症、抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍等精神疾病的人来说，它们尤其有效。A. sensitive敏感的；B. powerful强大的；C. effective有效的；D. safe安全的。根据上文“But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety.”可知，呼吸训练对于解决焦虑问题有帮助。由此可知，这个方法对于有恐惧症、抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍等精神疾病的人来说，尤其有效。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员观察到，在课程结束时，患者的症状明显减轻。A. decrease减少；B. discovery发现；C. difference差异；D. development发展。根据上文“But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety.”可知，呼吸训练会缓解焦虑。由此可知，当课程结束时，患者的症状减轻了。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但为什么要将呼吸技巧局限于负面情绪呢？A. diverse多样的；B. delicate精致的；C. personal个人的；D. negative负面的、消极的。根据上文“But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety.”等可知，上文提到的都是一些负面的情绪。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，人们可以停下来呼吸，既是为了享受，也是为了平静下来。A. anxiety焦虑；B. enjoyment享受；C. fear恐惧；D. relief解脱、缓解。根据上文“It is also worth applying them during pleasurable moments, to take the time to appreciate and remember them.”可知，呼吸训练还可以让我们享受当下。故选B。 Section B 22% Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A It’s normal for young children to cheat when they’re playing board games. As they grow older, they realize that the fun is actually in taking part in the game, not necessarily in winning it. By the time they reach their teens, they have usually learned not to cheat. Sadly, this was not the case for a player in a national board game championship held annually in the US. The player wanted to win so much that he turned to cheating. The board game was Scrabble. In the game, players have to make words from individual letters on small squares called “tiles,” and then put the words on a board. Two of the most useful tiles in the game are the blanks, which are tiles without any letters on them. A blank isn’t worth any points, but a player can use it to replace any letter of the alphabet. The cheater in this particular competition was a 15-year-old boy from Orlando, Florida. He had surprised organizers in the early stages of the competition by beating some of the best players, despite the fact that he had never played in competitions before. This made some of the other players suspicious, including the man who caught him, 43-year-old Arthur Moore. Moore had already played the boy the day before, and Moore had won the game, although the boy had had both of the blank tiles. In Scrabble, before a new game starts, the players put the tiles from the previous game back into a small bag. This time, Moore had a good look at the tiles on the table before he and his opponent put them in the bag to start the game. He was not surprised to see that the two blanks were together on the table in front of the boy. As the two players were putting the tiles into the bag. Moore watched the boy’s left hand. He saw the boy pick up the two blanks, and put his hand under the table. This was the signal for Moore to call one of the organizers and accuse the boy of cheating. When the boy was taken away for questioning, he admitted to taking the two blanks during the game and hiding them under the table. As a result of his cheating, the competition director disqualified him and banned him from playing in the competition again. 36. According to the passage, why do young children cheat in board games? A. They are eager to win. B. They dislike the games. C. They don’t know what cheating is. D. They don’t want to take part in the games. 37. Why are the two blank tiles most useful in Scrabble? A. They are the most obvious tiles in the game. B. Players can decide how many points they are worth. C. Players earn more points if they leave the tiles unused. D. They can be used when players don’t have the right letter. 38. The word “suspicious” (in paragraph 3) most probably means “________”. A. supportive B. disappointed C. mistrustful D. honoured 39. How did the boy cheat? A. By putting the tiles into his own bag. B. By hiding the blank tiles for future use. C. By cooperating with his opponent secretly. D. By lying that he had never played the game. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在美国每年举办的一项全国棋盘游戏锦标赛中，一个男孩在比赛中作弊的事件。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It’s normal for young children to cheat when they’re playing board games. As they grow older, they realize that the fun is actually in taking part in the game, not necessarily in winning it.(小孩子在玩棋盘游戏时作弊是很正常的现象。随着他们年龄的增长，他们会意识到，游戏的乐趣其实在于参与过程，而不一定在于获胜。)”可知，小孩子作弊的原因可能是因为他们渴望获胜。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A blank isn’t worth any points, but a player can use it to replace any letter of the alphabet.(空白块本身没有分数，但玩家可以用它来代替字母表中的任何字母。)”可知，在《拼字游戏》中，当玩家没有正确的字母来完成一个单词时，空白块可以用来代替任何字母，因此它们是最有用的。故选D。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“This made some of the other players suspicious,(这让其他选手产生了……。)”可推测，这让其他选手产生了某种情绪。再根据下文“including the man who caught him, 43-year-old Arthur Moore.(包括发现他作弊的43岁Arthur Moore在内)”可推测，Arthur Moore抓住他作弊，由此可知，其他选手产生了怀疑。由此可知，划线单词和“怀疑的”意思相似。选项A“supportive(支持的)”；选项B“disappointed(失望的)”；选项C“mistrustful(不信任的)”；选项D“honoured(荣幸的)”。故选C。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He saw the boy pick up the two blanks, and put his hand under the table. This was the signal for Moore to call one of the organizers and accuse the boy of cheating.(他看见男孩拿起了两个空白块，并把手放在了桌子下面。这就是摩尔叫来一位组织者，指责男孩作弊。)”以及第四段“When the boy was taken away for questioning, he admitted to taking the two blanks during the game and hiding them under the table. As a result of his cheating, the competition director disqualified him and banned him from playing in the competition again.(当男孩被带走问话时，他承认在游戏过程中拿走了两个空白块，并将它们藏在了桌子下面。由于作弊，比赛主管取消了他的参赛资格，并禁止他再次参加这项比赛。)”可知，男孩的作弊方式是把空白块藏起来以备后用。故选B。 B “Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health. When you apply an oil to your skin, it affects your physical state. When you inhale them, it affects your mental state,” says the “grande dame” of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose, author of The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations. A few drops of eucalyptus on your skin will help heal a burn and smelling a pine tree might make you think of childhood Christmases. There are no rules for how to inhale oils. You can put a few drops on a tissue, or add some to water to spritz around the room or use in a diffuser(喷雾器)or vaporizer. Be very careful, however, when applying oils to the skin. Always dilute them in another oil, like palm, coconut or olive to prevent burns or allergic reactions. “A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream oil or lotion,”says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger, the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa, Florida. HERE’S THE OIL TO REACH FOR WHEN YOU NEED TO: Digest a big meal: A few drops of diluted peppermint. “It calms down the digestive system,” Rose says. Forget it’s freezing outside: “Conifer oils, like pine, black spruce, cedar and Christmas fir, can help combat seasonal affective disorder when inhaled,” Rose says. Citrus oils like orange or tangerine, which are reminders of summertime, are also good. Settle down after a big party: Sweet marjoram and lavender are sedatives. “They’ll knock your kids right out,” Sheppard-Hanger says. Get out of bed on a dark, cold morning: Peppermint, or any mint really, can provide a morning jolt when inhaled. Kill germs: Spray citrus oils tree oils like pine, to help clean the air during sickness. Decongest a nose: Eucalyptus, spruce or rosemary work for this. Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages. 40. What kind of readers is likely to buy The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations? A. Gardeners who provides raw materials for manufacturers of essential oils. B. Researchers dedicated to inventing new essential oils to keep people in good health. C. Common people hoping to improve health condition with essential oils. D. Psychotherapist seeking treatments for serious mental and physical disorders. 41. What is the appropriate way of using essential oils? A. Spritz the oil directly around a room. B. Mix them with cream in proportion. C. Smell the fragrance from the bottle. D. Apply oils to treat skin allergy. 42. The oils that can relieve your symptom of bad cold are ________. A. peppermint oils B. conifer oils C. citrus oils D. spruce oils 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了精油能够改善人们的健康状况并提供了使用指南。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段的““Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health. When you apply an oil to your skin, it affects your physical state. When you inhale them, it affects your mental state,” says the “grande dame” of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose, author of The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations. （芳香疗法的“贵妇人”珍妮·罗斯说，“精油会对你的情绪和健康产生重大影响。当你在皮肤上涂油时，它会影响你的身体状态”。当你吸入它们时，它会影响你的精神状态。她是《芳香疗法书籍：应用和吸入》的作者。） ”可知，珍妮·罗斯的书是服务于希望用精油改善健康状况的普通人的。故选C。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的““A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream, oil or lotion,” says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger, the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa, Florida.（佛罗里达州坦帕市大西洋芳香疗法研究所的创始人兼主任西拉·谢帕德·汉格表示：“经验法则是每盎司奶油、油或护肤液加入15滴精油”。） ”可知，使用精油的合适方法是将它们与奶油按比例混合。故选B。 42题详解】 细节理解题。根据框中的最后一段中的“Decongest a nose: Eucalyptus, spruce or rosemary work for this. Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages.（净化鼻子：桉树油、云杉油或迷迭香都可以。试着用纸巾吸几滴以帮助清理堵塞的鼻腔。）”可知，选项中可以缓解你重感冒症状的是云杉油。故选D。 C Many early approaches to language technology—and particularly translation—got stuck in a conceptual dead end: the rules-based approach. In translation, this meant trying to write rules to analyze the text of a sentence in the language of origin, breaking it down into a sort of abstract “interlanguage” and rebuilding it according to the rules of the target language. These approaches showed early promise. But language is full of ambiguities (歧义) and exceptions, so such systems were hugely complicated and easily broke down when tested on sentences beyond the simple set they had been designed for. Nearly all language technologies began to get a lot better with the application of statistical methods, often called a “brute force” approach. This relies on software scanning vast amounts of data, looking for patterns and learning from precedent. For example, in parsing language (breaking it down into its grammatical components), the software learns from large bodies of text that have already been parsed by humans. It uses what it has learned to make its best guess about a previously unseen text. In machine translation, the software scans millions of words already translated by humans, again looking for patterns. In speech recognition, the software learns from a body of recordings and the transcriptions made by humans. Thanks to the growing power of processors, falling prices for data storage and, most crucially, the explosion in available data, this approach eventually bore fruit. Mathematical techniques that had been known for decades came into their own, and big companies with access to enormous amounts of data were ready to benefit. The final advance, which began only about five years ago, came with the arrival of deep learning through digital neural networks (DNNs). These are often claimed to have qualities similar to those of the human brain: “neurons” are connected in software, and connections can become stronger or weaker in the process of learning. But Nils Lenke, head of research for a language technology company, explains matter-of-factly that “DNNs are just another kind of mathematical model,” the basis of which had been well understood for decades. What changed was the hardware being used. Almost by chance, DNN researchers discovered that the graphical processing units (GPUs) used to produce graphics in applications like video games were also brilliant at handling neural networks. The technique has already produced big leaps in quality for all kinds of deep learning, including decoding handwriting, recognizing faces and classifying images. Now they are helping to improve all manner of language technologies, often bringing enhancements of up to 30%. That has shifted language technology from usable at a pinch to really rather good. But so far no one has quite worked out what will move it on from merely good to reliably great. 43. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem of the rules-based approach? A. Rules are difficult to identify in some languages. B. It is impossible to find all the rules in a language. C. The rules are often misinterpreted by researchers. D. There are always rules too abstract to understand. 44. ________ has a part to play in enabling the “brute force” approach to gradually bear fruit? A. The increasing amount of data B. The falling prices of scanning software C. The availability of recordings and transcripts D. The wider knowledge people have of language 45. Which of the following is Nils Lenke most likely to agree with about DNNs? A. They are a big breakthrough. B. They depend more on hardware. C. They are not innovative in nature. D. They haven’t been scientifically proved. 46. What does the writer imply about GPUs? A. They are inferior to DNNs in their quality of deep learning. B. They have made language technology reliably greater than ever. C. They have achieved limited success regarding language technology. D. They help enhance language technologies by means of image classification. 【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了语言充满了不确定性，现存的语言系统不够完美，因此所有的语言技术都开始使用数据方法，但仍然有弊端。因此也就出现了DNNs和 GPUs，但是这两种方法仍然不够完美。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Many early approaches to language technology—and particularly translation—got stuck in a conceptual dead end: the rules-based approach. In translation, this meant trying to write rules to analyze the text of a sentence in the language of origin, breaking it down into a sort of abstract “interlanguage” and rebuilding it according to the rules of the target language. These approaches showed early promise. But language is full of ambiguities (歧义) and exceptions, so such systems were hugely complicated and easily broke down when tested on sentences beyond the simple set they had been designed for.(许多早期的语言技术方法，尤其是翻译，都陷入了一个概念性的死胡同：基于规则的方法。在翻译中，这意味着试图编写规则来分析原语的句子文本，将其分解成一种抽象的“中介语”，并根据目标语的规则重建它。这些方法显示出早期的希望。但是语言充满了歧义和例外，所以这样的系统非常复杂，在测试它们设计的简单集合之外的句子时很容易崩溃)”可知，语言系统存在例外，B选项“找到一种语言的所有规则是不可能的”属于基于规则的方法的问题。故选B。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This relies on software scanning vast amounts of data, looking for patterns and learning from precedent.(这依赖于软件扫描大量数据，寻找模式并从先例中学习)”以及第三段“Thanks to the growing power of processors, falling prices for data storage and, most crucially, the explosion in available data, this approach eventually bore fruit.(多亏了处理器不断增长的能力，以及数据储存价格的降低，更重要的是可利用数据的激增，这种方法最终有了成果)”可知，这种方法最终有成果最重要的因素是可利用数据的突然增多。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But Nils Lenke, head of research for a language technology company, explains matter-of-factly that “DNNs are just another kind of mathematical model,” the basis of which had been well understood for decades. What changed was the hardware being used.(但是语言技术公司的研究主管Nils Lenke认为，DNNs只是另一种数学模式，它的原理在很多年前就已经知道了，唯一有所改变的就是硬件的使用)”可知，Nils Lenke认为，DNNs在本质上没有什么太大的变化，只有硬件的使用发生了变化而已，即它们在本质上没有创新。故选C。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“That has shifted language technology from usable at a pinch to really rather good. But so far no one has quite worked out what will move it on from merely good to reliably great.(这使得语言技术从紧要关头的可用性转变为真正的相当好。但到目前为止，还没有人弄清楚怎样才能让它从仅仅是好变成可靠的好)”可知，作者认为GPUs在语言技术方面有了进步，从可使用到相当不错，但是却还没达到相当可靠的地步，故它只是取得了有限的成功。故选C。 Section C 8% Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The World Needs Zoos Zoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are particularly important for endangered species. Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. ___47___ Even those critical of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether. In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it. Take the ring-tailed lemur of Madagascar for example. These lemurs are almost common in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. ___48___ A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk. One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those which still remain in the wild. Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos. Unlike the lemurs, giraffes are widespread in the countries across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet giraffe populations have gone down by a third in the last thirty years. While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations(which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction. ___49___ Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. It will become more difficult for conservationists to predict which species might be at risk. As it is, experts are struggling to continue monitoring the species that are already known to be vulnerable, so it is easy to see why common species might be overlooked. People might not take the great loss of local species seriously on the assumption that these animals are heavily populated elsewhere, but unfortunately that is not always the case. There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are badly managed and in desperate need of improvement or closure. ___50___ If even common species can lose their population in only several years, it may be too late to save them in the wild. A. This is a trend that is only expected to continue. B. But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many people realize. C. Those species that are held in zoos are already protected from any such events and trends. D. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only survive thanks to populations kept in captivity. E. Climate change has harmed over half mammal species on the endangered species list. F. However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. 【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了动物园在动物保护方面的重要性。 【47题详解】 前文“Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong.(许多动物处于极度濒危状态，可能会在野外灭绝，但在动物园里，它们正在变得强壮。)”讲述了动物园保护濒危动物并促进其壮大，所以空处应讲述动物园对处于其他处境的动物的保护作用，D项“许多其他物种已经在野外灭绝，只能依靠圈养的种群才能幸存。”符合题意。故选D。 【48题详解】 根据前文“These lemurs are almost common in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them.(这些狐猴在动物园里几乎很常见，因为它们在圈养条件下繁殖良好，公众也很喜欢它们。)”和后文“A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk.(最近的一项调查显示，自2000年以来，高达95%的野生种群已经灭绝。这意味着剩下的种群面临着严重的风险。)”可知，前文讲述了狐猴在圈养的动物园里繁殖良好，后文讲述了大多数野生狐猴已经灭绝，狐猴面临着生存风险，由此可知，空处应与前文形成转折，并引出下文狐猴的严峻处境，F项“然而，尽管它们在世界各地的圈养群体中数量众多，但它们是地球上最受威胁的哺乳动物群体。”符合题意。故选F。 【49题详解】 第二段讲述了狐猴在动物园中繁殖众多但在野外环境中却面临灭绝危险，第三段中的“Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos.(这种趋势并非孤立存在。长颈鹿是动物园里另一个非常常见的物种。)”讲述了另一个面临类似情况的物种——长颈鹿，并指出这种趋势很普遍，再结合空后的“Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. (气候变化带来的持续和未来问题可能会对野生动物产生意想不到的影响。)”可知，气候变化问题可能会加重野生动物面临的困境，由此可推测出，空处应说动物在动物园中受到良好保护但在野外却面临生存危机的趋势只会继续下去，A项“这一趋势预计只会持续下去。”符合题意。故选A。 【50题详解】 根据前文“There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are badly managed and in desperate need of improvement or closure.(我怀疑，对圈养动物的支持总是会有阻力的，我不会为管理不善、急需改进或关闭的动物园辩护。)”并结合上文讲述的动物园在保护动物方面的作用以及标题“The World Needs Zoos”可推测出，空处与前文转折，强调动物园在保护动物方面的重要性，B项“但是，如果我们希望真正了解地球上的生物多样性，我们可能不得不比许多人意识到的更多地依赖动物园。”符合题意。故选B。 第Ⅱ卷（共25分） IV. Summary Writing 10% 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.  Are we greening our cities, or just greenwashing them? Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. Everywhere you look, there are plans for “sustainable” buildings, futuristic eco-cities and aquaponic farms on the roof, each promising to add a green touch to the modern city. All of these are surely good ideas at some level. They are trying to repair some of the damage our lifestyle has done to the planet. But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems. One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project. As a suburban white-collar workplace, it must include vast garages for 13,000 Apple employees. Thus, it will leave no smaller environmental footprint than a traditional office park. Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world. Although our buildings, like our cars, have been inefficient environmentally, architecture isn’t directly responsible for humanity’s disastrous environmental impacts. An economic system based on the destruction of nature is the real problem. No green building can help us repair the ecological damage we have caused, nor can any number of aquaponic farms bring us back to the real nature. Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Architects are trying to make cities greener. Their common approach is using technology to bring in some nature elements. Apple’s “spaceship” campus is claimed to be eco-friendly but actually isn’t. Such projects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause of environmental problems. So efforts should be made to enable cities and their people to co-exist with nature harmoniously. 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。建筑师们正努力让城市变得更环保。他们常用的方法是利用技术引入一些自然元素。苹果公司的“宇宙飞船”园区声称是环保的，但实际上并非如此。这样的项目无济于事，因为建筑并不是环境问题的真正原因。因此，应该努力使城市及其居民与自然和谐共处。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. ②But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems. ③One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project. ④Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world. ⑤Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them. 2. 缜密构思 将1、 2、 3、 4、 5五个要点进行整合重组。 3. 遣词造句 Architects are trying to make cities greener. Their common approach is using technology to bring in some nature elements. Apple’s “spaceship” campus is claimed to be eco-friendly but actually isn’t. Such projects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause of environmental problems. So efforts should be made to enable cities and their people to co-exist with nature harmoniously. 【点睛】[高分句型1]Such projects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause of environmental problems.(because引导的原因状语从句) [高分句型2]So efforts should be made to enable cities and their people to co-exist with nature harmoniously.(含情态动词的被动语态) V. Translation 15% (3+3+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 高额的旅行支出是对公司资源的巨大耗费。(drain n.) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The high travel expenses were a great drain on the company’s resources. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、短语和时态。表示“对……是一种极大的消耗”可以使用名词短语be a great drain on；“公司资源”译为the company’s resources；表示“高额的旅行支出”用名词短语the high travel expenses作主语，是复数。根据语境，可知时态可用一般过去时，所以动词用过去式were。故翻译为：The high travel expenses were a great drain on the company’s resources. 53. 看到这些书法作品，我不禁赞叹中国文化的博大精深。(the instant) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The instant I saw these calligraphy works, I couldn't help admiring the profound Chinese culture. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，固定短语和时间状语从句。“看到这些书法作品”译为the instant引导的时间状语从句，主语为I；表示“看到这些书法作品”翻译为see these calligraphy works，为一般过去时；主句主语为I；表示“不禁赞叹中国文化的博大精深”翻译为can't help admiring the profound Chinese culture，can't help doing sth.表示“禁不住做某事”，admire“赞叹；仰慕”， the profound Chinese culture表示“中国文化的博大精深”。故翻译为The instant I saw these calligraphy works, I couldn't help admiring the profound Chinese culture. 54. 万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 【解析】 【详解】考查条件状语从句，时态，主谓一致，祈使句和固定短语。“万一”是in case，其后跟that引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，可省略that，“电梯”是the elevator，“出故障”是be out of order，主语elevator是单数，be动词用is，“请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修”用祈使句，动词用原形，“发出警告”是give a warning，“并且”是and，“安排某人做某事”是arrange for sb. to do sth.，“机械师”是a mechanic，“维修”是repair，用it指代the elevator，作repair的宾语，因此整句话翻译为“In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it”。故答案为In case the elevator is out of order, give a warning and arrange for a mechanic to repair it. 55. 志愿者们舍小家顾大家，风雨无阻地坚守岗位，他们的无私奉献让我们肃然起敬。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The volunteers have put the interests of the collective above their own families, steadfastly remaining at their posts through wind and rain，whose selfless dedication fills us with profound respect. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，定语从句和短语。主句“志愿者们舍小家顾大家”译为The volunteers have put the interests of the collective above their own families，用现在完成时表示现在的结果，put the interests of the collective above their own families表示“舍小家顾大家”，意为“将集体的利益置于他们自己的家庭之上”，“风雨无阻地坚守岗位”作状语，译为steadfastly remaining at their posts through wind and rain，用remain与逻辑主语volunteers是主动关系，用现在分词形式，“他们的无私奉献让我们肃然起敬”译为whose引导的定语从句，修饰volunteers，从句中作定语，selfless dedication表示“无私奉献”，fill us with profound respect表示“让我们肃然起敬”，故译为The volunteers have put the interests of the collective above their own families, steadfastly remaining at their posts through wind and rain，whose selfless dedication fills us with profound respect. VI. Guided Writing 25% 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校正在为即将于高一高二年级举办的英语辩论赛（English Debate Contest）和英语电影配音赛 （English Film Dubbing Contest）在高三学生中招聘学生评委（judge），你对此很有兴趣。请写一封电子邮件给相关负责老师，申请担任其中一项比赛的评委。邮件内容需包括： 1. 你希望担任该比赛评委的意愿； 2. 你适合担任该比赛评委的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, It is said that there will be an English Debate Contest in Grade One, and student judges will be recruited among Grade Three students. I am very interested in this contest, so I am writing to apply for the position. My name is Li Ming, studying in Class 15, Grade 3. I am very interested in English and I get good grades. I am fluent in oral English and can express myself clearly in English. I am outgoing and quick in thinking. When I was in grade one, I took part in the English debate contest and won the first prize, so I know the rules of the English debate contest. I have a deep knowledge of the debate requirements, which enables me to evaluate the performance of the contestants well. So I think I am suitable to be a judge of this competition. I would really appreciate it if you could give me the chance to be a judge. Looking forward to your reply. Yours Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给学校相关负责老师写封电子邮件，申请担任高一高二年级举办的英语辩论赛和英语电影配音赛的其中一项比赛的评委。 【详解】1.词汇积累 对……感兴趣：be interested in→be keen on 参加：take part in→participate in 给某人某物：give sb sth→offer sb sth 机会：chance→opportunity 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：My name is Li Ming, studying in Class 15, Grade 3. 拓展句：My name is Li Ming, who studies in Class 15, Grade 3. 【点睛】[高分句型1] When I was in grade one, I took part in the English debate contest and won the first prize, so I know the rules of the English debate contest.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型2] I have a deep knowledge of the debate requirements, which enables me to evaluate the performance of the contestants well.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上师大附中2024学年第一学期期中考试 高三年级英语学科 I. Listening Comprehension 25% Section A 10% Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. She doesn’t work hard in maths. B. She is inferior to him in maths. C. She didn’t do well in this test. D. She is good at maths. 2. A. The library will be closed later this afternoon. B. The computers in the library are not working. C. The man needs his computer all afternoon. D. The woman has lent her computer to somebody else. 3. A. Going to the opera is time-consuming. B. There is no time left to book opera tickets. C. She would like to go with the man to the opera. D. She will help the man pay for the opera tickets. 4. A. Worth the price. B. Expensive. C. Mysterious. D. Good for health. 5. A. 11 a.m. B. 12p.m. C.1p.m. D.3p.m. 6. A. The woman will have to call her roommate. B. The woman may have to change her living arrangement. C. The woman does not clean her apartment often enough. D. The woman should not spend so much time on the phone. 7. A. She also thinks the lecture interesting. B. She was too tired to enjoy the lecture. C. She missed the lecture this morning. D. She did not finish the reading before the lecture. 8. A. Her work experience. B. The courses she has taken. C. Her knowledge of the graduate school. D. The description of her academic performance. 9. A. The woman just had her coat cleaned. B. The woman is not angry with the man. C. The woman does not like to drink coffee in the afternoon. D. It was not the woman’s coat that the man spilled coffee on. 10. A. She hopes to get into art school. B. She is working as a commercial artist. C. She has talents other than drawing. D. She cannot decide upon a career. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Kids threw litter everywhere. B. The camp director gave rude orders. C. Mysterious plastic litter was found. D. Kids’ joint effort led to a clean camp. 12. A. By taking pictures of the litter he picked up. B. By sharing photos of the terribly dirty planet. C. By keeping a record of crowdsourced cleaning-up. D. By inspiring kids to pick up five pieces of litter every day. 13. A. There is strength in numbers. B. Birds can help to pick up litter. C. Litter is artistic and approachable. D. More straws should be used in the cafe. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Alcohol and coffee. B. Coffee and chicken. C. Hotpot and drinks. D. Chicken and meat. 15. A. Movies are available to people in Shanghai at midnight. B. People in Hangzhou attach great importance to dinner. C. A total of nine online platforms provided data for the report. D. People in Beijing voted Starbucks as their favorite drink. 16. A. People’s eating habits in different regions of China. B. The impact of mobile payment on Chinese lifestyles. C. The differences in nightlife among residents in Chinese cities. D. The financial pressure residents felt from the nightlife activities. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He hasn’t found a job yet. B. He plans to start looking after the final exams. C. He’s had several interviews. D. He’s expecting an offer from The New York Times. 18. A. Writer. B. Interviewer. C. Newspaper reporter. D. Teacher. 19. A. New York. B. Boston. C. Chicago. D. Los Angeles. 20 A. Continue his education. B. Delay his graduation. C. Change his career plan. D. Continue job hunting. I. Grammar and Vocabulary20% Section A 10% Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Emotional Debt Many people today live under the weight of debt from loans or credit cards. As harmful as financial debt is, there is ___1___ form of debt that is even more damaging — emotional debt. Dr. James Richards states that emotional debt occurs when we experience emotional pain ___2___ remains unresolved. If the pain is not dealt with, it will affect our entire lives. Throughout the years, we have chances for happiness, love and success. But unresolved pain can emerge and cause us to respond in ways that aren’t reasonable, ___3___ (result) in destroyed relationships and lost opportunities. When we have a tendency ___4___ (respond) inappropriately, we often hurt those around us. Unfortunately, our unsettled problems sometimes become too much for them to handle and cause them to abandon the relationship. People with destructive patterns ___5___ check their lives for signs of unresolved pain, for your emotional debt can come from various forms of past unfair, cruel or violent treatment or neglect. The fact is ___6___ you are probably holding onto painful memories of controlling parents or very demanding teachers. Any negative emotion that you have controlled over the year can come back to cause harm ___7___ you least expect it. Recognize your feelings, but don’t focus on them all the time, because acknowledging and challenging your pain is difficult, but recognizing it is the first step ___8___ dealing with it. Admit you are angry about the past, and discuss it with someone you trust, or write it down because this will ease some of the danger and hatred you ___9___ (keep) bottled up for years. Refuse to be a victim and accept responsibility for dealing with your painful past because this puts you in charge and limits the power your emotions have over you. Take specific steps to resolve your emotional debt now ____10____ deal with the consequences later. Section B 10% Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. claimed B. cuisine C. securing D. adding E. fueling F. made G. opponent H. seed I. historic J. tough K. venue Zheng Secures Historic Tennis Gold for China China’s women’s ace Zheng Qinwen has etched her name in tennis history after winning the country’s first singles Olympic gold medal in Paris on Saturday, ____11____ her meteoric career rise with another major accolade (荣誉). China’s world No. 7 Zheng was the sixth ____12____ in the 64-draw Olympic tournament. She lived up to her favorite status in the final against Donna Vekic of Croatia at the Roland Garros Stadium, breaking her 21st-ranked ____13____ four times while conceding only one of her service games to prevail 6-2, 6-3 at the iconic site of the red clay Grand Slam to win the gold medal. It was only China’s second Olympic gold medal in tennis, following a women’s doubles title won by Li Ting and Sun Tiantian at Athens 2004, and the first in singles. After ____14____ the win with a forehand winner down the line, Zheng lay down on her back to rousing cheers across the Court Philippe-Chatrier, soaking up the ____15____ moment for her own career and for the sport’s profile in China. It was the second Olympic tennis medal won by the Chinese delegation in Paris, after mixed doubles pair Zhang Zhizhen and Wang Xinyu ____16____ a silver medal in Friday’s final, which was won by Czech team Katerina Siniakova and Tomas Machac at the same ____17____. “Nothing can describe my feeling right now, it’s unreal. I’ve always been hoping to get a medal for China. Finally I _____18_____ it.” an emotional Zheng said during the on-court interview. “I did everything I could. I think my country will be proud of me, I feel proud of myself. The success is for all my team members, my families and whoever supported me, not just for me. I just fought every single match. There were two matches that I almost lost on my way to the final, especially 0-4 down in the second set against Iga (Swiatek) in the semis. I feel the energy of all the support, knowing that I play for my country. I just never gave up and tried to find every single solution,” Zheng said of her ____19____ path to success. And for the celebration? The 21-year-old native of Hubei province just wants to join her family and enjoy some home _______20_______. “I haven’t thought about it yet. For sure to eat some Chinese food, after having eaten chicken and rice every day here, nothing much of flavor,” she said with a grin. III. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A 15% Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As newborns, we enter the world by inhaling. In leaving, we exhale. (In fact, in many languages the word “exhale” is synonymous with “___21___.”) Breathing is so central to life that it is no wonder humankind long ago noted its value not only to survival but to the___22___of the body and mind and began controlling it to improve well-being. As early as the first millennium B.C., both the Tao religion of China and Hinduism placed importance on a “vital principle” that flows through the body, a kind of energy or internal breath. The Chinese call this energy qi, and Hindus call it prana (one of the key concepts of yoga). A little later, in the West, the Greek term pheuma and the Hebrew term ruah both___23___the breath and the divine presence. ___24___for how to modulate(调节) breathing and influence health and mind appeared centuries ago as well. Pranayama(“breath retention”) yoga was the first to build a theory around respiratory(呼吸的) control, holding that ___25___breathing was a way to increase longevity. In more modern times, German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz developed “autogenic training” in the 1920s as a method of ___26___. The approach is partly___27___slow and deep breathing and is probably still the best-known breathing technique for relaxation in the West today. Yoga and meditation have inspired many of the breathing exercises used today. The___28___of controlled respiration were first theoretically suggested centuries ago by the practitioners of pranayama yoga. What is the best time to ___29___slow-breathing techniques? One is during occasional episodes of____30____—for example, before taking an exam, competing in a sporting event or even attending a routine meeting at work. These exercises may also help when insomnia strikes. In 2012 Suzanne M. Bertisch of Harvard Medical School and her colleagues reported, based on survey data, that more than 20 percent of American insomniacs do these breathing exercises to have a____31____sleep. But respiratory techniques do not work only for acute stresses or sleep problems; they can also relieve chronic anxiety. They are particularly____32____in people with psychiatric disorders such as phobias(恐惧症), depression and post-traumatic stress disorder(创伤后压力). In 2015 Stefania Doria and her colleagues at Fatebenefratellie Oftalmico Hospital in Milan, Italy, offered 10 training sessions to 69 patients with anxiety or depressive disorders. The researchers observed a significant ____33____in symptoms at the end of the sessions. But why confine breathing techniques to____34____emotions? It is also worth applying them during pleasurable moments, to take the time to appreciate and remember them. In short, one can pause and breathe for____35____as well as to calm down. 21. A. changing B. recovering C. dying D. destroying 22 A. strengthening B. maintaining C. building D. functioning 23. A. dealt with B. referred to C. led to D. consisted of 24. A. Policies B. Recommendations C. Clues D. Habits 25. A. labored B. slowed C. deepened D. controlled 26. A. relaxation B. development C. illustration D. communication 27. A. based on B. intended for C. adapted to D. compared with 28. A. difficulties B. performances C. benefits D. harms 29. A. improve B. master C. apply D. pioneer 30. A. thrill B. stress C. excitement D. calm 31. A. restless B. dreamy C. light D. profound 32. A. sensitive B. powerful C. effective D. safe 33. A. decrease B. discovery C. difference D. development 34. A. diverse B. delicate C. personal D. negative 35. A. anxiety B. enjoyment C. fear D. relief Section B 22% Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A It’s normal for young children to cheat when they’re playing board games. As they grow older, they realize that the fun is actually in taking part in the game, not necessarily in winning it. By the time they reach their teens, they have usually learned not to cheat. Sadly, this was not the case for a player in a national board game championship held annually in the US. The player wanted to win so much that he turned to cheating. The board game was Scrabble. In the game, players have to make words from individual letters on small squares called “tiles,” and then put the words on a board. Two of the most useful tiles in the game are the blanks, which are tiles without any letters on them. A blank isn’t worth any points, but a player can use it to replace any letter of the alphabet. The cheater in this particular competition was a 15-year-old boy from Orlando, Florida. He had surprised organizers in the early stages of the competition by beating some of the best players, despite the fact that he had never played in competitions before. This made some of the other players suspicious, including the man who caught him, 43-year-old Arthur Moore. Moore had already played the boy the day before, and Moore had won the game, although the boy had had both of the blank tiles. In Scrabble, before a new game starts, the players put the tiles from the previous game back into a small bag. This time, Moore had a good look at the tiles on the table before he and his opponent put them in the bag to start the game. He was not surprised to see that the two blanks were together on the table in front of the boy. As the two players were putting the tiles into the bag. Moore watched the boy’s left hand. He saw the boy pick up the two blanks, and put his hand under the table. This was the signal for Moore to call one of the organizers and accuse the boy of cheating. When the boy was taken away for questioning, he admitted to taking the two blanks during the game and hiding them under the table. As a result of his cheating, the competition director disqualified him and banned him from playing in the competition again. 36. According to the passage, why do young children cheat in board games? A. They are eager to win. B. They dislike the games. C. They don’t know what cheating is. D. They don’t want to take part in the games. 37. Why are the two blank tiles most useful in Scrabble? A. They are the most obvious tiles in the game. B. Players can decide how many points they are worth. C. Players earn more points if they leave the tiles unused. D. They can be used when players don’t have the right letter. 38. The word “suspicious” (in paragraph 3) most probably means “________”. A. supportive B. disappointed C. mistrustful D. honoured 39. How did the boy cheat? A. By putting the tiles into his own bag. B. By hiding the blank tiles for future use. C By cooperating with his opponent secretly. D. By lying that he had never played the game. B “Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health. When you apply an oil to your skin, it affects your physical state. When you inhale them, it affects your mental state,” says the “grande dame” of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose, author of The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations. A few drops of eucalyptus on your skin will help heal a burn and smelling a pine tree might make you think of childhood Christmases. There are no rules for how to inhale oils. You can put a few drops on a tissue, or add some to water to spritz around the room or use in a diffuser(喷雾器)or vaporizer. Be very careful, however, when applying oils to the skin. Always dilute them in another oil, like palm, coconut or olive to prevent burns or allergic reactions. “A rule of thumb is 15 drops per one ounce of cream, oil or lotion,”says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger, the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa, Florida. HERE’S THE OIL TO REACH FOR WHEN YOU NEED TO: Digest a big meal: A few drops of diluted peppermint. “It calms down the digestive system,” Rose says. Forget it’s freezing outside: “Conifer oils, like pine, black spruce, cedar and Christmas fir, can help combat seasonal affective disorder when inhaled,” Rose says. Citrus oils like orange or tangerine, which are reminders of summertime, are also good. Settle down after a big party: Sweet marjoram and lavender are sedatives. “They’ll knock your kids right out,” Sheppard-Hanger says. Get out of bed on a dark, cold morning: Peppermint, or any mint really, can provide a morning jolt when inhaled. Kill germs: Spray citrus oils tree oils like pine, to help clean the air during sickness. Decongest a nose: Eucalyptus, spruce or rosemary work for this. Try inhaling a few drops on a tissue to help with clogged nasal passages. 40. What kind of readers is likely to buy The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations? A. Gardeners who provides raw materials for manufacturers of essential oils. B. Researchers dedicated to inventing new essential oils to keep people in good health. C. Common people hoping to improve health condition with essential oils. D. Psychotherapist seeking treatments for serious mental and physical disorders. 41. What is the appropriate way of using essential oils? A. Spritz the oil directly around a room. B. Mix them with cream in proportion. C. Smell the fragrance from the bottle. D. Apply oils to treat skin allergy. 42. The oils that can relieve your symptom of bad cold are ________. A. peppermint oils B. conifer oils C. citrus oils D. spruce oils C Many early approaches to language technology—and particularly translation—got stuck in a conceptual dead end: the rules-based approach. In translation, this meant trying to write rules to analyze the text of a sentence in the language of origin, breaking it down into a sort of abstract “interlanguage” and rebuilding it according to the rules of the target language. These approaches showed early promise. But language is full of ambiguities (歧义) and exceptions, so such systems were hugely complicated and easily broke down when tested on sentences beyond the simple set they had been designed for. Nearly all language technologies began to get a lot better with the application of statistical methods, often called a “brute force” approach. This relies on software scanning vast amounts of data, looking for patterns and learning from precedent. For example, in parsing language (breaking it down into its grammatical components), the software learns from large bodies of text that have already been parsed by humans. It uses what it has learned to make its best guess about a previously unseen text. In machine translation, the software scans millions of words already translated by humans, again looking for patterns. In speech recognition, the software learns from a body of recordings and the transcriptions made by humans. Thanks to the growing power of processors, falling prices for data storage and, most crucially, the explosion in available data, this approach eventually bore fruit. Mathematical techniques that had been known for decades came into their own, and big companies with access to enormous amounts of data were ready to benefit. The final advance, which began only about five years ago, came with the arrival of deep learning through digital neural networks (DNNs). These are often claimed to have qualities similar to those of the human brain: “neurons” are connected in software, and connections can become stronger or weaker in the process of learning. But Nils Lenke, head of research for a language technology company, explains matter-of-factly that “DNNs are just another kind of mathematical model,” the basis of which had been well understood for decades. What changed was the hardware being used. Almost by chance DNN researchers discovered that the graphical processing units (GPUs) used to produce graphics in applications like video games were also brilliant at handling neural networks. The technique has already produced big leaps in quality for all kinds of deep learning, including decoding handwriting, recognizing faces and classifying images. Now they are helping to improve all manner of language technologies, often bringing enhancements of up to 30%. That has shifted language technology from usable at a pinch to really rather good. But so far no one has quite worked out what will move it on from merely good to reliably great. 43. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem of the rules-based approach? A. Rules are difficult to identify in some languages. B. It is impossible to find all the rules in a language. C. The rules are often misinterpreted by researchers. D. There are always rules too abstract to understand. 44. ________ has a part to play in enabling the “brute force” approach to gradually bear fruit? A. The increasing amount of data B. The falling prices of scanning software C. The availability of recordings and transcripts D. The wider knowledge people have of language 45. Which of the following is Nils Lenke most likely to agree with about DNNs? A. They are a big breakthrough. B. They depend more on hardware. C. They are not innovative in nature. D. They haven’t been scientifically proved. 46. What does the writer imply about GPUs? A They are inferior to DNNs in their quality of deep learning. B. They have made language technology reliably greater than ever. C. They have achieved limited success regarding language technology. D. They help enhance language technologies by means of image classification. Section C 8% Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The World Needs Zoos Zoos play an important role in the world for conservation and education. They are particularly important for endangered species. Many animals are critically endangered and may go extinct in the wild, but in zoos, they are going strong. ___47___ Even those critical of zoos often recognize that it is better to have species preserved somewhere than lose them altogether. In fact, species that are common can also come under serious threat before people realize it. Take the ring-tailed lemur of Madagascar for example. These lemurs are almost common in zoos as they breed well in captivity and the public are fond of them. ___48___ A recent survey suggests that up to 95 percent of the wild populations have been lost since 2000. This means that the remaining individuals are at serious risk. One bad year or a new disease could wipe out those which still remain in the wild. Such trends are not isolated. The giraffe is another very common species in zoos. Unlike the lemurs, giraffes are widespread in the countries across much of sub-Saharan Africa. Yet giraffe populations have gone down by a third in the last thirty years. While less dramatic than the drop in lemur numbers, this is obviously a major loss and again, whole populations(which some scientists think are of unique subspecies) are on the verge of extinction. ___49___ Ongoing and future issues from climate change can have unexpected effects on wildlife. It will become more difficult for conservationists to predict which species might be at risk. As it is, experts are struggling to continue monitoring the species that are already known to be vulnerable, so it is easy to see why common species might be overlooked. People might not take the great loss of local species seriously on the assumption that these animals are heavily populated elsewhere, but unfortunately that is not always the case. There will, I suspect, always be resistance to the argument for keeping animals in captivity and I will not defend the zoos that are badly managed and in desperate need of improvement or closure. ___50___ If even common species can lose their population in only several years, it may be too late to save them in the wild. A. This is a trend that is only expected to continue. B. But if we wish to keep any real measure of biodiversity on the planet, we may have to lean on zoos far more than many people realize. C. Those species that are held in zoos are already protected from any such events and trends. D. Many others are already extinct in the wild and only survive thanks to populations kept in captivity. E. Climate change has harmed over half mammal species on the endangered species list. F. However, despite their high numbers in collections around the world, they are the most threatened mammalian group on the planet. 第Ⅱ卷（共25分） IV. Summary Writing 10% 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.  Are we greening our cities, or just greenwashing them? Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. Everywhere you look, there are plans for “sustainable” buildings, futuristic eco-cities and aquaponic farms on the roof, each promising to add a green touch to the modern city. All of these are surely good ideas at some level. They are trying to repair some of the damage our lifestyle has done to the planet. But, despite the rhetoric of reuniting the city with nature, today’s green urban dream is too often about bringing a technologically controlled version of nature into the city and declaring the problem solved, rather than looking at the deeper causes of our environmental and urban problems. One of the most striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus now under construction in Silicon Valley. Though it seems to be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent of its 175-acre site is preserved for landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resource-intensive project. As a suburban white-collar workplace, it must include vast garages for 13,000 Apple employees. Thus, it will leave no smaller environmental footprint than a traditional office park. Designing a perfect green building or eco-city isn’t enough to save the world. Although our buildings, like our cars, have been inefficient environmentally, architecture isn’t directly responsible for humanity’s disastrous environmental impacts. An economic system based on the destruction of nature is the real problem. No green building can help us repair the ecological damage we have caused, nor can any number of aquaponic farms bring us back to the real nature. Instead of adding “nature” to the urban lifestyle, architects may work to design better relationships between our cities and nature, and to promote just relationships between the people in them. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation 15% (3+3+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 高额的旅行支出是对公司资源的巨大耗费。(drain n.) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53. 看到这些书法作品，我不禁赞叹中国文化的博大精深。(the instant) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 54. 万一电梯出故障了，请发出警告，并且安排机械师来维修。(arrange) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 55. 志愿者们舍小家顾大家，风雨无阻地坚守岗位，他们的无私奉献让我们肃然起敬。(whose) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided Writing 25% 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校正在为即将于高一高二年级举办的英语辩论赛（English Debate Contest）和英语电影配音赛 （English Film Dubbing Contest）在高三学生中招聘学生评委（judge），你对此很有兴趣。请写一封电子邮件给相关负责老师，申请担任其中一项比赛的评委。邮件内容需包括： 1. 你希望担任该比赛评委的意愿； 2. 你适合担任该比赛评委的理由。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$