Unit4学案 2024-2025学年沪教牛津版（广州深圳沈阳通用）九年级英语上册

Unit 4 Problems and advice语法专练(句子成分) 一、知识目标 基础目标：掌握主语、谓语、宾语、补语和状语等句子成分。 拓展目标：通过区分句子的成分、分析句子的结构来理解句子的意义。 二、基础知识 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分，主要成分有主语Subjects和谓语Verbs； 次要成分有表语Predicative、宾语Objects、定语Attributes、状语Adverbials、补足语Complements. （二）句子成分详解表 句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句 主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 名，代，数，不定式， 动词ing，短语或句子 We study in Dongxiao Middle School. 谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree. 宾语 表示动作行为的对象 名，代，数，不定式， 动词ing，短语或句子 Both of us like English. 表语 与连系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征 名，代，数，不定式， 动词ing，短语或句子 Her father is a doctor. His words sound reasonable. 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day. 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句子 He works very hard. They held a party in the park. 宾语 补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词短语等 She always keeps the house clean. *主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 句子中的某些动词可有直接宾语direct object (DO)和间接宾语indirect object (IO)。 give/send/tell/write/return/bring/take/offer/show sb sth =give/send/tell/write/return/bring/take/offer/show sth to sb buy/pay/make/cook/sing/choose/get/call sb sth =buy/pay/make/cook/sing/choose/get/call sth for sb 当直接宾语（指人）放在间接宾语（指物）后面，直接宾语前要加上介词to或for. 三、巩固练习 （一）找出句子中的主语和谓语。 1. Young people love pop music. 2. It rained heavily yesterday. 3. Swimming can help you lose weight. （二）找出句子中的宾语。 1. They ate some apples just now. 2. You can invite them to your party. 3. Mary refused to help the old man. 4. I regret shouting at my mum. （三）找出句子中的状语。 1. There was a big smile on her face. 2. Every night he heard the noise. 3. She loves library because she loves books. 4. When Tom was 6 years old, he began to learn English. （四）找出句子中的直接宾语和间接宾语并改写第1, 3个句子，将直接宾语放在间接宾语后面。1. He gave me a book. 2. My mum bought a bike for me. 3. Please tell us a story. （五）、单项选择： 1. ____ will leave for Beijing. A. Now there the man B. The man here now C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now 2. The weather ____. A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold 3. The apple tasted ____. A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning. A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter 5. The actor ______at the age of 70. A. dead B. died C. dyed D. dying 6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest. A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we 7. He found the street much ______. A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly 8. I think _____necessary to learn English well. A. its B. it C. that D. that is (六) 中译英 1. 他每个周末拜访他的最好朋友。(visit ) ______________________________________________________________ 2. 他把房间里的新书给Tom看。（show） _____________________________________________________________ 3. 这个坏消息使他们很焦虑。 ____________________________________________________________ 4. 昨晚，妈妈很晚回到家。 ______________________________________________________________ 5. 她穿上这条红色连衣裙，看上去很漂亮。 _______________________________________________________________ Keys for Unit 4: （一）找出句子中的主语和谓语。 1. Young people love pop music. 2. It rained heavily yesterday. 3. Swimming can help you lose weight. （二）找出句子中的宾语。 1. They ate some apples just now. 2. You can invite them to your party. 3. Mary refused to help the old man. 4. I regret shouting at my mum. （三）找出句子中的状语。 1. There was a big smile on her face. 2. Every night he heard the noise. 3. She loves library because she loves books. 4. When Tom was 6 years old, he began to learn English （四）找出句子中的直接宾语和间接宾语、并改写第1,、3个句子，将直接宾语放在间接宾语后面。 1. He gave me a book. IO DO He gave a book to me. 2. My mum bought a bike for me. DO IO 3. Please tell us a story. IO DO Please tell a story to us. （五）单项选择 1-5 CBDBB 6-8 ACB （六）中译英 1. He visits his best friends every weekend. 2. He showed Tom some new books in his room. / He showed some new books to Tom in his room. 3. The bad news made them very worried. 4. My mum came back home very late last night. 5. She looks very beautiful in the red dress. 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Problems and advice话题作文 一、学习目标 1. 学习求助信的结构。 2. 能够运用本单元所学的词汇、语法、功能意念等语言知识完成一篇话题作文。 二．方法点拨 本单元要求学生掌握如何写一封征询意见的求助信。在求助信中，需要表达：①你对被求助人的友好评价，以拉近彼此距离；②一两句话阐述写信目的；③简明扼要陈述自己遇到的问题；④向被求助者表达自己的感受和希望得到帮助的想法；⑤信尾再次表达谢意并希望早日收到答复。在求助信的写作过程中应主要使用“一般现在时”或“一般过去时”。为了使文章不干瘪，可以在陈述遇到困难的段落进行适当的发挥。还可以套用求助信的常用表达方式和适当的连接词来为文章增色。 三．巩固练习 （一）完成话题所需的核心词汇与短语 A．词汇 1. 调皮的 adj. _______________________ 2. 冲过去 v. _________________________ 3. 打、击 v. _______________________ 4. 打架 v. _________________________ 5. 羞愧 adj. ________________________ 6. 恼怒的 adj. ________________________ 7. 虽然 conj. _______________________ 8. 很坏的，极讨厌的 adj. _______________ 9. 后悔 v. __________________________ 10. 重重地 adv. _________________________ B. 短语 1. 害怕做某事 _______________________ 2. 取笑某人 __________________________ 3. 嘲笑 ___________________________ 4. 觉得生气 __________________________ 5. 与某人沟通 _______________________ 6. 把……拉开 _________________________ 7. 后悔与……打架 ____________________ 8. 觉得羞愧 _________________________ 9. 停止作弄某人 ________________________ 10. 给某人建议 _____________________ 11. 收到某人来信 ________________________ 12. 以致于 ________________________ （二）重点句型 1. 我有个朋友叫Mary. (…… called Mary) _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 他害怕与别人讲话。 (be afraid of doing sth. ) ______________________________________________________________________ 3. 她很努力学习以致她能进入最好的学校。 (so that) ___________________________________________________________________ 4. 他们嘲笑Mary真讨厌。 ( It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth.) _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 我想同学们不要捉弄Mary。 (want…to stop making fun of…) ______________________________________________________________________ 6. 你可以给我一些建议吗？(give sb. some advice) ______________________________________________________________________ 7. 我希望尽快收到你的来信。 (hope to hear from sb. ) ______________________________________________________________________ 8. 虽然他们不是嘲笑我，但是我很生气。(though…/) ____________________________________________________________________________ 【写作技巧提示】 TIP 1: 如何写求助信? 1、求助信的框架 • A friendly comment：开篇向对方致以问候，如果对方是答读者问专栏的作者，可表达自己对专栏的喜爱之情； • The subject of the letter：用一至二句话说明自己来信的主题，让读信者了解写信的目的； • The problem：阐明自己的问题，说明时要注意逻辑，语言要简明扼要； • A request for advice：说明自己想获得怎样的帮助； • A friendly ending：表达自己的谢意并希望早日收到答复。 2、求助信的model Dear__________, I read your advice page every week. I like it very much. It’s very useful. A friendly comment I’m having some trouble at the moment./I have met much difficulty and I need your help. The subject of the letter (Your problems) The problem I feel __________. I want to _______________. Would you please give me some advice?/ What would you do in my situation?/ Faced with / Facing so much difficulty, I have to turn to you for help. Would you like to ___________ so that / in order that _________? A request for advice Thanks for reading my email. I’m looking forward to your advice./I hope to hear from you. A friendly ending Yours, ____________ TIP 2: 求助信的时态：通常以一般现在时或一般过去式为主。 TIP 3: 求助信的常用表达。 陈述问题和感受： My problem is that …； I'm really worried about...； First, …...Second/What’s worse, ……Third/Meanwhile, ……Also/Besides, ……； I don’t know what to do. / I wonder how to deal with the problem./ I feel puzzled； I’m eager to get your help. / I’m eager for your timely help/I’m looking forward to your help等。 征询意见： Should I... ? What should I do? Can you give me some advice? What would you do in my situation? What can I do to make it right? …… (三)写作练习 假设你是Peter, 你们班有个叫Jack的孩子，因为内向（shy），害怕与人交流，所以他总是给同学欺负。你为此和同学打了一架。你想向编辑部的Linda阿姨写一封征询意见的求助信，帮助你和Jack摆脱目前的困境。你的问题如下： 一天，Jack站起来时，他后面的男孩把他的椅子悄悄地拉开，以致他重重地跌倒在地上。很多同学都嘲笑Jack。虽然他们没有嘲笑我，但是我觉得很恼怒，我冲过去打了那个男孩。过后，我对自己打架的行为感到羞愧。我想同学们不要捉弄Jack，我该怎么办？ 写作指导：话题作文关键是审题，找出关键信息点，用简短并正确的句子将要点表达清楚，并做适当的发挥。 求助信的时态主要应采用___________________________________。人称用___________。 Dear Aunt Linda, I read your advice page every week. It is very useful. I have a problem with my classmate, and I need your advice. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Yours, _____________ Unit 4 Problems and advice话题作文参考答案 （一）完成话题所需的核心词汇与短语 A．词汇 1. naughty 2. rush 3. hit 4.fight 5. ashamed 6. annoyed/annoying 7.though/although 8. awful 9. regret 10. heavily B. 短语 1. be afraid of doing sth. 2. make jokes about sb./ play jokes on sb. 3. laugh at 4. feel annoyed/ angry 5. communicate with sb. 6. pull…away 7. regret fighting with sb. 8. feel ashamed 9. stop making fun of sb. 10. give sb. some advice 11. hear from sb. 12. so that （二）重点句型 1. I have a friend called Mary. 2. He is afraid of talking to others. 3. She works hard so that she can go to the best school. 4. It is awful of them to laugh at Mary. 5. I want my classmates to stop making fun of Mary. 6. Could you give me some advice? 7. I hope to hear from you soon. 8. Though they didn’t laugh at me, I felt annoyed. 范文： Dear Aunt Linda, I read your advice page every week. It is very useful. I have a problem with my classmate, and I need your advice. I have a classmate called Jack. He is a shy boy and he is afraid of communicating with others. So some of the naughty boys always make jokes about him. One day, when Jack stood up, the boy behind him pulled Jack’s chair away quietly so that Jack fell on the floor heavily. Many students laughed at Jack when they saw him sitting on the floor. It was awful of them to laugh at Jack. Although they didn’t laugh at me, I felt annoyed and rushed to hit the boy. We fought each other until the teacher came. After that, I regretted fighting with that boy. I felt ashamed of myself. I want my classmates to stop making fun of Jack. What should I do? Would you please give me some advice? Thanks for reading my email. I hope to hear from you soon. Yours, Peter 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$