精品解析：上海市洋泾中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷

上海市洋泾中学2024学年度第一学期 高二英语期中考试试卷 （本卷卷面总分100分，考试时间为90分钟。） 第一卷（75分） I.Listening Comprehension (16%) Section A (1'x10) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. Al the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was sald. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A.At a bank. B.At a post office. C.At a travel agency. D.At an airport. 2.A.Waiter. B.Salesman. C.Mechanic. D.Accountant. 3.A.June 3 B.June 13 C.July 13 D.July 30 4.A.Business management. B.British literature. CPopular science. D.Classical music. 5.A. Carry a lot of cash on her. B. Cancel the trip to the U.S. C.Search for information online. D. Try various payment methods. 6.A.He will give priority to the lecture. B.He will deliver a lecture to the graduates. C.He will attend the graduation ceremony. D.He will prepare presents for the graduates. 7.A.Jack has paid off all the debts through hard work. B. Jack and Sam have won the first place in the contest. C. They relaxed themselves the whole summer holiday. D.The robot contest was held in the innovation laboratory. 8.A. Peter hardly notices the changes in his class. B.Peter has greatly changed his personality C. The man was surprised to learn Peter's success. D.Peter has received training in delivering speeches. 9.A.The woman forgot to prepare the gifts. B.The gifts were purchased at the airport. C.The man is very pleased with the picture. D.The special gifts appeal to the man greatly. 10.A.He didn't take any pictures at the ceremony. B.He forgot to take his cell phone to the ceremony. C.He couldn't record every detail because he ran away. D.He took only a few photos because of the limited storage. Section B(1'x6) Directions: In Section B,you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage 11.A.By donating money to help those in poverty-stricken areas. B. By reducing the price of the food that has gone bad. CBy giving away tons of food to developing nations every year. D.By launching a store selling food once thrown into the trash bin. 12.A.The general public. B.The low-income people. C.The charity staff. D.The retailers. 13.A.$1 trillion. B.$700,000. C.$30,000. D.$50,000. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A.Snow or ice sculptures. B.Parades on roads. C.Chalk drawings on pavements. D.Sand paintings. 15.A.He prefers to do his art work alone. B.He mostly creates his works in cities. C.He usually spends a short while creating. D.He has attracted many people in fashion industry. 16.A.Why art is not easy to forget. B.The history of temporary art. C.A "temporary" artist and his works. D.How to make impressive temporary art. II.Grammar and vocabulary: 20% Section A Grammar (1'x10) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The family who eats together What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, ___1___ is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals ___2___ (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals ___3___ have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes. So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves ___4___ the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly ___5___ (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, ___6___ (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are ___7___ (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. But those numbers, impressive ___8___ they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure ___9___ future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time. The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable—but no less real—effects too. So often, ___10___ is at the family meal that the family as such—the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions—is made. Section B (1'x10) Directions: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.auto-complete B.determine C.essentially D.grammatical E.grouped F.indicating G.instructions H.likely I.resembles J.define K.advanced How do AI chatbots answer my questions Chatbots might appear to be complex conversationalists that respond like real people. But if you take a closer look, they are____11____ an advanced version of a program that finishes your sentences by predicting which words will come next. Bard, ChatGPT, and other AI technologies are large language models-a kind of algorithm (算法)trained on exercises similar to the Mad Libs-style questions found on elementary school quizzes. More simply put, they are human-written____12____ that tell computers how to solve a problem or make a calculation. In this case, the algorithm uses your prompt and any sentence it comes across to____13____the answer. Let’s pretend you plugged this sentence into an AI Chabot: “The cat sat on the________.” First, the language model would have to know that the missing word needs to be a noun to make____14____ sense.But it can’t be any noun-the cat can't sit on the “democracy," for one. So the algorithm searches texts written by humans to get a sense of what cats actually rest on and picks out the most probable answer. In this scenario, it might____15____ the cat sits on the “laptop”10 percent of the time, on the“table”20 percent of the time, and on the“chair”70 percent of the time. The model would then go with the most____16____ answer: “chair.” The system is able to use this prediction process to respond with a full sentence. If you ask a Chabot “How are you?”, it will generate “I’m” based on the “you” from the question and then “good” based on what most people on the web reply when asked how they are. The way these programs process information and arrive at a decision____17____ how the human brain behaves. “Simple as this task-predicting the most probable response-is, it actually requires an incredibly____18____ knowledge of both how language works and how the world works, ” says Yoon Kim, a researcher at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. The beauty of language models is that researchers don’t have to strictly____19____ any rules or grammar for them to follow. An Al chatbot learns how to form sentences that make sense by consuming textual elements, which are common sequences of characters_____20_____ together taken from the raw text of books, articles, and websites. All it needs are the patterns and associations it finds among certain words or phrases. II. Reading Comprehension. Section A (1'x15)15% Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Most of us know someone who is always late — a person who seems to have a chronic blind spot when it comes to timekeeping. It can become a source of jokey banter (无恶意的玩笑) among friends, but in another context it can have serious and stressful ____21____ from being late for work, meetings to missing flights and doctors’ appointments. There could be various reasons why you’re ____22____ late. First, you could just be really relaxed. This might be linked to the way you were ____23____ — perhaps you inherited your parents’ relaxed attitude to timekeeping. This might have something to do with your ____24____ heritage (遗产), too. For instance, there’s evidence that people in some countries, such as Brazil, tend to be much less ____25____ than those in America. Zooming in on some specific psychological processes, you could be what some psychologists call a “time ____26____” — that is, you tend to underestimate how long things will take. A related issue is procrastination. Getting to places on time means being able to stop what you’re doing and prepare to ____27____. Being a procrastinator might affect your ability to do that in a timely fashion. Another ____28____ reason that could contribute to your problem, at least in some contexts, is ____29____ with particular routes — the walk to your local bus stop, for example, or across campus from your halls of residence to a lecture theatre. A fascinating study by psychologists at the University of California and University College London found that we tend to ____30____ the time it will take us to traverse (横越) highly familiar physical spaces. One final causal factor to consider is whether you are ____31____ to arrive early. Of course, it’s very difficult to plan to arrive anywhere exactly on time, so being punctual usually means being early. You might not even ____32____ it at a conscious level, but perhaps you hate waiting around. If these reasons ____33____ you can begin to address them. One simple, powerful step you can take is to make a firm ____34____ not to just be on time, but to be early. Get into the habit of breaking down, in realistic detail, how long it’ll take to get to where you need to be, then add on a generous buffer — say, 15 minutes. The longer the journey, the longer you should make the buffer. If you hate the idea of ____35____, think about how you’ll spend all this extra waiting time — catch up with text messages, play online chess or get stuck into a language-learning app, for example. 21. A. consequences B. experiences C. associations D. scenery 22. A. deliberately B. routinely C. preferably D. ritually 23. A. introduced B. accepted C. raised D. trained 24. A. global B. cultural C. environmental D. natural 25. A. outgoing B. diligent C. patient D. tense 26. A. achiever B. professional C. wanderer D. optimist 27. A. abandon B. overturn C. depart D. deposit 28. A. general B. professional C. particular D. mental 29. A. association B. uniformity C. overfamiliarity D. similarity 30. A. assess B. overlook C. underestimate D. overstate 31. A. anxious B. reluctant C. determined D. thrilled 32. A. tackle B. detect C. justify D. neglect 33. A. resolve B. refer C. accumulate D. exist 34. A. appointment B. commitment C. statement D. transition 35. A. catching up B. holding out C. meeting up D. hanging around Section B (2'x8)16% Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Blake Mycoske set up his first business, EZ Laundry, a door-to-door laundry service for students, when he was still in college. Having grown the company to service seven colleges in the southwestern US, he sold his share to his business partner and moved on to a media advertising business in Nashville. This he sold to Clear Channel, one of the industry’s leading companies. Three more businesses later, still only 29 years old, and feeling somewhat burned out, Mycoskie decided to give it a break for a while and head down to Argentina. But resting wasn’t really in his nature, and it wasn’t long before Mycoskie had hit upon an idea that would come to define him as a social entrepreneur (企业家). On a visit to a village outside Buenos Aires, he was shocked to see that many of the children didn’t have any shoes or, if they did, the shoes were worn out and didn’t fit. Since shoes, particularly the local farmers’ canvas (帆布) shoe, the alpargata, can be bought relatively cheaply in Argentina, Mycoskie’s first instinct was to set up a charity to donate shoes to the children. But after giving it some thought, he realized that this was not a model that would work. One pair of shoes per child would not make that much difference because they wear out. And if he asked people to donate repeatedly, sympathy for the cause might also wear out pretty quickly. Instead he came up with the idea of TOMS One for One Shoes. He would take the alpargata to America, manufacture it and sell it as a high-end fashion item at around $50 a pair. For each pair he sold, he would donate another to shoeless children, guaranteeing a continual supply. Also, rather than running a charity, something he had no real experience in, he could run the project as a business. Several years later, the business is booming, supplying shoes not only to children in Argentina but also other parts of the world where foot diseases are a problem. Mycoskie had no manufacturing experience and understood that he had to learn fast. For the first eighteen months, by his own admission, he made “a poor job of making shoes,” but since then he has brought in help from experienced industry people. The vital element that Mycoskie added was his passion—a passion he wants others to share. One criticism of initiatives like TOMS is that the money spent by customers might otherwise have gone directly to charities. So Mycoskie encourages his customers to become more involved with TOMS by volunteering to hand-deliver the shoes to children in need. It’s a giving experience and he hopes it might inspire some of the volunteers to develop similar projects. 36. Why did Blake Mycoske go to Argentina? A. To look for ideas. B. To be close to nature. C. To relax himself. D. To start his new business. 37. Blake Mycoske gave up the idea of setting up a charity to donate shoes to the kids because ________. A. he found it wasn’t a long-term solution B. he found the shoes weren’t good in quality C. he found people didn’t show enough sympathy D. he found the kids didn’t like the traditional shoes 38. How did Mycoskie respond to the criticism of the projects like TOMS? A. He inspired other similar projects. B. He donated more money to charity. C. He turned his customers into volunteers. D. He hand-delivered shoes to the kids by himself. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Future of Shoe Making B. A New Business Model C. An Experienced Entrepreneur D. The Shoe Giver (B) Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍) symptoms after natural disasters. Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma. The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life. It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc. Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments. In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked. Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday life. Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine. On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT. Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort. Some therapists also argue that because it only addresses current problems and specific issues it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions, and because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being. However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach. Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults. The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients. 40. According to the passage, CPT is intended to help patients _________. A. learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices B. cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events C. minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life D. focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc. 41. Compared with other talk-therapies, what feature contributes to the effectiveness of CPT? A. Its multiple treating assignments. B. Its applicable strategies in daily life. C. Its higher treatment fulfillment. D. Its brain connectivity enhancement. 42. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT. B. CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far. C. More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children. D. CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions. 43 What is the main idea of this passage? A. The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy. B. An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy. C. A breakthrough in the psychological medical field. D. The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy. Section C (2'x4)8% Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Despite the fact that American companies have been “global” for a very long time now, many people today inside companies still misunderstand cultural differences. They misperceive potential foreign-born workers, for example, as too “shy” or not “confident” enough. ____44____ In many cultures, it is just not appropriate to make small talk with someone you don’t know, especially someone above you in the corporate level. ____45____ For example, if you express your loyalty to a particular team without knowing that of your colleagues, you might put them in the uncomfortable position of having to either conceal their own preference or express something that conflicts with yours. So, you can imagine how challenging it can be for someone from a non-small talk culture to try to fit into a US corporate setting. In addition, the US is basically a “straight-shooter (坦率的人)” style culture, where it is cultural valued to tell it like it is. But this isn’t necessarily true worldwide. For example, in Japan, people prefer to communicate indirectly, especially when it comes to a sensitive topic. To avoid accidentally damaging a relationship, people approach problems through subtle hints or general statements. If someone were to directly state a problem, it would make them look ungraceful, immature, and untrustworthy. ____46____ Americans tend to be relatively informal in a business context. ____47____ Many cultures are quite formal especially when interacting with superiors. In general, Indian culture, for example, is very formal. Indians typically greet their elders and superiors by title (Sir, Mr. , Dr. , Professor) and never by their first name. This is also the case at the university, where students act with extreme levels of respect towards their professors. The above discussion just hits the tip of the iceberg of the different cultural misinterpretations in corporate America. For American employers to succeed in selecting, training, inspiring and keeping their top foreign-born talent, it is high time that they started taking account of these cultural differences in their leadership selection process. A. There is a significant problem in corporate America today with foreign workers. B. In fact, many people are quite surprised at the level of informality in American businesses. C. Someone who avoids making small talk can be seen as unfriendly or not a team player. D. However, in reality, with a moderate amount of training, these high-performing individuals could be corporate leaders of tomorrow. E. It can also be impolite and even dangerous to openly express your opinion. F. But from the perspective of American culture, this more indirect style appears as if someone is “hiding” the truth. 第二卷（25分） IV.Translation. (3+3+4+5=15%) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackels. 48. 人工智能的引入使警方更容易辨认出嫌疑人。（identify）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 49. 孩子与父母交流越多，患抑郁症的可能越小。（suffer）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 50. 与普遍的看法相反，他们并不愿意采取主动去结束这场战争。（initiative）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 51. 直到屡次碰壁，他才意识到只有与他人合作，才能成功完成任务。（Not until）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 68.Guided Writing (10%) 52. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 新学期新气象，学校为改善餐饮质量，提高学生营养水平，为同学们提供自助午餐。请你给校长写一封信，通过比较自助午餐与传统盒饭的利弊，向校长提出你的建议，并简要说明理由。 自助午餐：buffet lunch 盒饭：packed lunch ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力1-10 BCCAD CBCBA 11-16 DAA BBC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海市洋泾中学2024学年度第一学期 高二英语期中考试试卷 （本卷卷面总分100分，考试时间为90分钟。） 第一卷（75分） I.Listening Comprehension (16%) Section A (1'x10) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. Al the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was sald. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A.At a bank. B.At a post office. C.At a travel agency. D.At an airport. 2.A.Waiter. B.Salesman. C.Mechanic. D.Accountant. 3.A.June 3 B.June 13 C.July 13 D.July 30 4.A.Business management. B.British literature. C.Popular science. D.Classical music. 5.A. Carry a lot of cash on her. B. Cancel the trip to the U.S. C.Search for information online. D. Try various payment methods. 6.A.He will give priority to the lecture. B.He will deliver a lecture to the graduates. C.He will attend the graduation ceremony. D.He will prepare presents for the graduates. 7.A.Jack has paid off all the debts through hard work. B. Jack and Sam have won the first place in the contest. C. They relaxed themselves the whole summer holiday. D.The robot contest was held in the innovation laboratory. 8.A. Peter hardly notices the changes in his class. B.Peter has greatly changed his personality C. The man was surprised to learn Peter's success. D.Peter has received training in delivering speeches. 9.A.The woman forgot to prepare the gifts. B.The gifts were purchased at the airport. C.The man is very pleased with the picture. D.The special gifts appeal to the man greatly. 10.A.He didn't take any pictures at the ceremony. B.He forgot to take his cell phone to the ceremony. C.He couldn't record every detail because he ran away. D.He took only a few photos because of the limited storage. Section B(1'x6) Directions: In Section B,you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage 11.A.By donating money to help those in poverty-stricken areas. B. By reducing the price of the food that has gone bad. C.By giving away tons of food to developing nations every year. D.By launching a store selling food once thrown into the trash bin. 12.A.The general public. B.The low-income people. C.The charity staff. D.The retailers. 13.A.$1 trillion. B.$700,000. C.$30,000. D.$50,000. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14.A.Snow or ice sculptures. B.Parades on roads. C.Chalk drawings on pavements. D.Sand paintings. 15.A.He prefers to do his art work alone. B.He mostly creates his works in cities. C.He usually spends a short while creating. D.He has attracted many people in fashion industry. 16.A.Why art is not easy to forget. B.The history of temporary art. C.A "temporary" artist and his works. D.How to make impressive temporary art. II.Grammar and vocabulary: 20% Section A Grammar (1'x10) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The family who eats together What’s the price of a family meal? For many families in the world’s wealthiest countries, the answer seems to be, ‘too much’. For instance, in the United States, ___1___ is often a trendsetter in such things, the majority of families report eating a single meal together fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency of shared meals ___2___ (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent over the last twenty years. The meals ___3___ have shortened too: from an average of 90 minutes to just 12 minutes. So perhaps we’re better off asking ourselves ___4___ the cost of not eating together is. Once again, we could turn to the figures. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has found that 15-year-olds who reported not regularly ___5___ (share) family meals were twice as likely to be absent from school. In Europe, research has suggested that children who don’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk of fatness. Another study, ___6___ (conduct) by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are ___7___ (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol. But those numbers, impressive ___8___ they seem, may be beside the point. After all, having a meal together is more than just a preventive measure ___9___ future misfortune. The primary cost of the family meal is also the very thing that makes it important: time. The time spent together over food leads to all the positive outcomes that are measured in the studies. That time spent together has less noticeable—but no less real—effects too. So often, ___10___ is at the family meal that the family as such—the family as an organic unit with shared memories and feelings and ambitions—is made. 【答案】1. which 2. has decreased 3. themselves 4. what 5. sharing 6. conducted 7. less likely 8. as / though 9. against 10. it 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家人一起吃饭带来的好处。 【1题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：例如，在经常引领此类潮流的美国，大多数家庭表示，他们每周在一起吃一顿饭的时间少于五天。根据is often a trendsetter in such things可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the United States，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which。故填which。 【2题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：事实上，在过去的20年里，美国家庭共享食物的频率下降了33%。根据over the last twenty years可知此句时态是现在完成时，且主语是the frequency of shared meals，要用单数形式。故填has decreased。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：用餐时间也缩短了：从平均90分钟缩短到12分钟。根据主语The meals可知此处要用反身代词themselves，表示用餐本身。故填themselves。 【4题详解】 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：因此也许我们最好问问自己不一起吃饭的代价是什么。根据we’re better off asking ourselves可知此处是一个宾语从句，缺少引导词，由宾语从句中的is可知此处要用what“什么”，且what充当is的表语。故填what。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：经济合作与发展组织发现，报告称不经常与家人一起吃饭的15岁青少年缺课的可能性是其他人的两倍。根据share与逻辑主语15-year-olds之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词形式。故填sharing。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。根据found that可知此处要用非谓语动词，由conduct与逻辑主语Another study之间是被动关系，因此要用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。 【7题详解】 考查形容词的比较级。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。固定短语be likely to do“很有很可能做某事”，根据who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week可知此处要用形容词的比较级，表示“不太可能”。故填less likely。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：但是，尽管这些数字看起来令人印象深刻，但它们可能无关紧要。根据impressive和they seem可知此处是形容词放在句首的半倒装句，根据句意可知连词as / though“虽然，尽管”符合题意。填as / though。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：毕竟，一起吃饭不仅仅是预防未来不幸的措施。根据future misfortune可知此处要用介词against，表示“抵御，预防”。故填against。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：通常情况下，正是在家庭聚餐中，家庭作为一个有机的整体，拥有共同的记忆、情感和抱负。根据is at the family meal that可知此处是一个强调句，被强调部分是at the family meal，因此要用代词it。故填it。 【点睛】第2小题考查了现在完成时。现在完成时结构：have/has+过去分词。主要用法有： 1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。现在完成时时常与不确定的过去时间状语连用，表示“已发生”或“未发生”，如：yet，just，before，recently，once，lately，of late等；也同表示频度的时间状语连用，如：often，ever，never，sometimes，twice，on several occasions等；也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如：now，today，this morning，this month，this year等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语（in 1995，last year等）连用。例句： He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。 Why haven’t I seen you all these months? 我怎么这么多月没看见你呢？ We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。 2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用，如：so far，up to now，since last year，for a long time，all my life，these few days等。例句： He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。 Up to now, we have received no news from her. 到现在为止，我们没有从她那里收到任何消息。 Section B (1'x10) Directions: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A.auto-complete B.determine C.essentially D.grammatical E.grouped F.indicating G.instructions H.likely I.resembles J.define K.advanced How do AI chatbots answer my questions Chatbots might appear to be complex conversationalists that respond like real people. But if you take a closer look, they are____11____ an advanced version of a program that finishes your sentences by predicting which words will come next. Bard, ChatGPT, and other AI technologies are large language models-a kind of algorithm (算法)trained on exercises similar to the Mad Libs-style questions found on elementary school quizzes. More simply put, they are human-written____12____ that tell computers how to solve a problem or make a calculation. In this case, the algorithm uses your prompt and any sentence it comes across to____13____the answer. Let’s pretend you plugged this sentence into an AI Chabot: “The cat sat on the________.” First, the language model would have to know that the missing word needs to be a noun to make____14____ sense.But it can’t be any noun-the cat can't sit on the “democracy," for one. So the algorithm searches texts written by humans to get a sense of what cats actually rest on and picks out the most probable answer. In this scenario, it might____15____ the cat sits on the “laptop”10 percent of the time, on the“table”20 percent of the time, and on the“chair”70 percent of the time. The model would then go with the most____16____ answer: “chair.” The system is able to use this prediction process to respond with a full sentence. If you ask a Chabot “How are you?”, it will generate “I’m” based on the “you” from the question and then “good” based on what most people on the web reply when asked how they are. The way these programs process information and arrive at a decision____17____ how the human brain behaves. “Simple as this task-predicting the most probable response-is, it actually requires an incredibly____18____ knowledge of both how language works and how the world works, ” says Yoon Kim, a researcher at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. The beauty of language models is that researchers don’t have to strictly____19____ any rules or grammar for them to follow. An Al chatbot learns how to form sentences that make sense by consuming textual elements, which are common sequences of characters_____20_____ together taken from the raw text of books, articles, and websites. All it needs are the patterns and associations it finds among certain words or phrases. 【答案】11. C 12. G 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. H 17. I 18. K 19. J 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了AI聊天机器人回答用户问题的原理。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：但如果你仔细观察，它们本质上是一个程序的高级版本，通过预测下一个单词来完成你的句子。根据上文“Chatbots might appear to be complex conversationalists that respond like real people(聊天机器人可能看起来是复杂的健谈者，他们的反应就像真人一样)”可知，此处描述了聊天机器人可能给人的印象，即它们像真人一样进行复杂的对话。然而，接下来的句子通过转折词“But(但是)”引入了一个对比的观点“an advanced version of a program that finishes your sentences by predicting which words will come next(一个程序的高级版本，通过预测下一个单词来完成你的句子)”，即如果仔细观察，聊天机器人其实并非如此复杂，所以要填入的词应该用来描述聊天机器人的本质，分析待选项，C项“essentially(本质上)”表达的含义符合语境，副词作状语。故选C。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：更简单地说，它们是人类编写的指令，告诉计算机如何解决问题或进行计算。根据下文“tell computers how to solve a problem or make a calculation(告诉计算机如何解决问题或进行计算)”可知，此处上下文说的是人类给计算机编写的指令，表示“多个指令”，用复数形式。故选G。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：在这种情况下，算法使用您的提示和它遇到的任何句子来自动完成答案。根据上文“the algorithm uses your prompt and any sentences it comes across(算法使用您的提示和它遇到的任何句子)”可推理出空白处应填表示“自动完成”含义的动词，to后接动词原形。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：首先，语言模型必须知道缺失的单词必须是名词才能有语法意义。根据上文“the language model would have to know that the missing word needs to be a noun(语言模型必须知道缺失的单词必须是名词)”可知此处说的是语法，形容词作定语。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：在这种情况下，它可能会确定猫10%时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上。根据下文“the cat sits on the “laptop”10 percent of the time, on the“table”20 percent of the time, and on the“chair”70 percent of the time(猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“确定”含义的动词，might后接动词原形。故选B。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然后，该模型会给出最有可能的答案：“椅子”。根据上文“the cat sits on the“laptop”10 percent of the time, on the“table”20 percent of the time, and on the“chair”70 percent of the time(猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上)”可知，模型是根据可能性给出答案，空白处应填表示“可能的”含义的形容词，作定语。故选H。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些程序处理信息和做出决定的方式有点像人脑的行为方式。根据上文“The way these programs process information and arrive at a decision(这些程序处理信息和做出决定的方式)”以及下文“the human brain behaves(人脑的行为方式)”可知此处上下文说的是两者的方式有点相似，空白处应填表示“类似于”含义的动词，主语为单数，谓语为单数。故选I。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管这项任务——预测最可能的回应——看起来很简单，但实际上它需要对语言是如何运作的以及世界是如何运作的有非常深入的了解。分析句子结构，这是一个包含让步状语从句的句子，其中使用了as来引导这个从句，为倒装结构，这种结构用于表达尽管某件事情在表面上看起来是某种情况，但实际上却并非如此。根据下文“it actually requires an incredibly advanced knowledge of both how language works and how the world works(它实际上它要求有对语言和世界运作方式的深入了解)”可推理出空白处应填表示“简单的”含义的形容词，故选K。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：语言模型的美妙之处在于，研究人员不必严格定义任何规则或语法。根据下文“An AI chatbot learns how to form sentences that make sense by consuming textual elements(人工智能聊天机器人通过获取文本元素来学习如何形成有意义的句子)”可推理出上文说的是研究人员不必严格定义任何规则或语法，空白处应填表示“严格地”含义的副词，作状语，修饰动词。故选J。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能聊天机器人通过消耗文本元素来学习如何形成有意义的句子，文本元素是从书籍、文章和网站的原始文本中组合在一起的常见字符序列。根据上文“sequences of characters(字符)”以及下文“taken from the raw text(从原始文本中提取)”可知，此处描述这些字符序列是如何被获取的，分析待选项，E项“grouped(集合)”表达的含义符合语境，在本句中意思是这些字符序列是从原始文本中被聚集或组合起来的。过去分词作定语。故选E。 II. Reading Comprehension. Section A (1'x15)15% Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Most of us know someone who is always late — a person who seems to have a chronic blind spot when it comes to timekeeping. It can become a source of jokey banter (无恶意的玩笑) among friends, but in another context it can have serious and stressful ____21____ from being late for work, meetings to missing flights and doctors’ appointments. There could be various reasons why you’re ____22____ late. First, you could just be really relaxed. This might be linked to the way you were ____23____ — perhaps you inherited your parents’ relaxed attitude to timekeeping. This might have something to do with your ____24____ heritage (遗产), too. For instance, there’s evidence that people in some countries, such as Brazil, tend to be much less ____25____ than those in America. Zooming in on some specific psychological processes, you could be what some psychologists call a “time ____26____” — that is, you tend to underestimate how long things will take. A related issue is procrastination. Getting to places on time means being able to stop what you’re doing and prepare to ____27____. Being a procrastinator might affect your ability to do that in a timely fashion. Another ____28____ reason that could contribute to your problem, at least in some contexts, is ____29____ with particular routes — the walk to your local bus stop, for example, or across campus from your halls of residence to a lecture theatre. A fascinating study by psychologists at the University of California and University College London found that we tend to ____30____ the time it will take us to traverse (横越) highly familiar physical spaces. One final causal factor to consider is whether you are ____31____ to arrive early. Of course, it’s very difficult to plan to arrive anywhere exactly on time, so being punctual usually means being early. You might not even ____32____ it at a conscious level, but perhaps you hate waiting around. If these reasons ____33____ you can begin to address them. One simple, powerful step you can take is to make a firm ____34____ not to just be on time, but to be early. Get into the habit of breaking down, in realistic detail, how long it’ll take to get to where you need to be, then add on a generous buffer — say, 15 minutes. The longer the journey, the longer you should make the buffer. If you hate the idea of ____35____, think about how you’ll spend all this extra waiting time — catch up with text messages, play online chess or get stuck into a language-learning app, for example. 21. A. consequences B. experiences C. associations D. scenery 22 A. deliberately B. routinely C. preferably D. ritually 23. A. introduced B. accepted C. raised D. trained 24. A. global B. cultural C. environmental D. natural 25. A. outgoing B. diligent C. patient D. tense 26. A. achiever B. professional C. wanderer D. optimist 27. A. abandon B. overturn C. depart D. deposit 28. A. general B. professional C. particular D. mental 29. A. association B. uniformity C. overfamiliarity D. similarity 30. A. assess B. overlook C. underestimate D. overstate 31. A. anxious B. reluctant C. determined D. thrilled 32. A. tackle B. detect C. justify D. neglect 33. A. resolve B. refer C. accumulate D. exist 34. A. appointment B. commitment C. statement D. transition 35. A. catching up B. holding out C. meeting up D. hanging around 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们经常迟到的原因及其解决方法，包括心理因素、文化背景和个人习惯等。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在朋友之间，这可能成为一种无恶意玩笑来源，但在另一种情况下，它可能导致严重的和压力重重的后果，比如工作迟到、错过航班和医生的预约。A. consequences后果；B. experiences经历；C. associations联想；D. scenery风景。根据后文“from being late for work, meetings to missing flights and doctors’ appointments”可知，这里讨论的是迟到可能带来的严重的后果。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你经常迟到的原因可能有很多。A. deliberately故意地；B. routinely惯常地；C. preferably更喜欢地；D. ritually仪式性地。 根据前文“Most of us know someone who is always late”可知，这里讨论的是一个人经常性的行为模式，即习惯性迟到。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能与你的成长方式有关——也许你继承了父母对时间管理的放松态度。A. introduced介绍；B. accepted接受；C. raised抚养；D. trained训练。根据后文“perhaps you inherited your parents’ relaxed attitude to timekeeping”可知，你可能继承了父母对时间管理的放松态度，所以是跟你被抚养的方式有关。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也可能与你的文化背景有关。A. global全球的；B. cultural文化的；C. environmental环境的；D. natural自然的。根据后文“For instance, there’s evidence that people in some countries, such as Brazil, tend to be much less 　　5　　 than those in America”可知，作者用巴西和美国举例，是因为这两个地方的文化不同。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，有证据表明，在一些国家，如巴西的人们往往比美国的人们紧张感要少得多。A. outgoing外向的；B. diligent勤奋的；C. patient耐心的；D. tense紧张的。根据前文“you inherited your parents’ relaxed attitude to timekeeping”可知，本段主要讲述你可能是时间观念松散的人，而时间观念松散的人是不紧张的。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：聚焦于某些特定的心理过程，你可能是心理学家所说的“时间乐观主义者”——也就是说，你倾向于低估完成事情所需的时间。A. achiever成功者；B. professional专业人士；C. wanderer流浪者；D. optimist乐观主义者。根据后文“you tend to underestimate how long things will take”可知，低估事情需要多长时间，也就是总觉得时间很多，所以是“时间乐观主义者”。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：按时到达某个地方意味着能够停止正在做的事情并准备出发。A. abandon放弃；B. overturn推翻；C. depart出发；D. deposit存入。根据前文“Getting to places on time means being able to stop what you’re doing”可知，准时到达某地，意味着停止你正在做的事情，准备出发。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个可能导致你的问题的特定原因，至少在某些情况下，是对特定路线的过度熟悉——例如，步行到当地公交车站，或者从宿舍穿过校园到演讲厅。A. general普遍的；B. professional专业的；C. particular特定的；D. mental心理的。根据后文“with particular routes — the walk to your local bus stop, for example, or across campus from your halls of residence to a lecture theatre”可知，文中提到的是具体的情景，即对特定路径的熟悉度导致的特定原因。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. association联系；B. uniformity一致性；C. overfamiliarity过度熟悉；D. similarity相似性。根据后文“traverse (横越) highly familiar physical spaces”可知，这里强调的是对特定路线的过度熟悉。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：加州大学和伦敦大学学院的心理学家进行了一项有趣的研究，发现我们往往会低估穿越高度熟悉的物理空间所需的时间。A. assess评估；B. overlook忽视；C. underestimate低估；D. overstate夸大。根据前文“There could be various reasons why you’re 　　　2　　 late”及“you tend to underestimate how long things will take”可知，此处是在讲述迟到的原因，所以应是低估了穿越高度熟悉的物理空间所需的时间，导致迟到。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后一个需要考虑的因果因素是你是否不愿意提前到达。A. anxious焦虑的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. determined坚定的；D. thrilled激动的。根据后文“but perhaps you hate waiting around.”可知，你可能讨厌等待，所以是不愿意提前到达。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你甚至可能没有意识到这一点，但在潜意识里，你可能不喜欢等待。A. tackle处理；B. detect察觉；C. justify证明……正当；D. neglect忽视。根据后文“at a conscious level, but perhaps you hate waiting around”可知，这种不喜欢等待的情绪可能是潜意识中的，此处指没有意识到这一点。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这些原因存在，你可以开始解决它们。A. resolve解决；B. refer参考；C. accumulate积累；D. exist存在。根据后文“you can begin to address them”可知，应是存在问题，才能开始解决问题。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以采取的一个简单而有力的步骤就是坚定地承诺，不仅要准时，而且要早到。A. appointment约会；B. commitment承诺；C. statement陈述；D. transition过渡。根据后文“not to just be on time, but to be early”可知，不仅要准时，而且要早到，应是一种承诺。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你不喜欢闲逛等待，想想你会如何利用所有这些额外的等待时间——例如，回复短信、玩在线国际象棋或深入学习一门语言应用程序等。A. catching up赶上；B. holding out坚持；C. meeting up会面；D. hanging around闲逛。根据前文“perhaps you hate waiting around”及后文“think about how you’ll spend all this extra waiting time — catch up with text messages, play online chess or get stuck into a language-learning app, for example”可知，此处是在讲述如何度过额外的等待时间，所以“闲逛”符合语境。故选D。 Section B (2'x8)16% Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Blake Mycoske set up his first business, EZ Laundry, a door-to-door laundry service for students, when he was still in college. Having grown the company to service seven colleges in the southwestern US, he sold his share to his business partner and moved on to a media advertising business in Nashville. This he sold to Clear Channel, one of the industry’s leading companies. Three more businesses later, still only 29 years old, and feeling somewhat burned out, Mycoskie decided to give it a break for a while and head down to Argentina. But resting wasn’t really in his nature, and it wasn’t long before Mycoskie had hit upon an idea that would come to define him as a social entrepreneur (企业家). On a visit to a village outside Buenos Aires, he was shocked to see that many of the children didn’t have any shoes or, if they did, the shoes were worn out and didn’t fit. Since shoes, particularly the local farmers’ canvas (帆布) shoe, the alpargata, can be bought relatively cheaply in Argentina, Mycoskie’s first instinct was to set up a charity to donate shoes to the children. But after giving it some thought, he realized that this was not a model that would work. One pair of shoes per child would not make that much difference because they wear out. And if he asked people to donate repeatedly, sympathy for the cause might also wear out pretty quickly. Instead he came up with the idea of TOMS One for One Shoes. He would take the alpargata to America, manufacture it and sell it as a high-end fashion item at around $50 a pair. For each pair he sold, he would donate another to shoeless children, guaranteeing a continual supply. Also, rather than running a charity, something he had no real experience in, he could run the project as a business. Several years later, the business is booming, supplying shoes not only to children in Argentina but also other parts of the world where foot diseases are a problem. Mycoskie had no manufacturing experience and understood that he had to learn fast. For the first eighteen months, by his own admission, he made “a poor job of making shoes,” but since then he has brought in help from experienced industry people. The vital element that Mycoskie added was his passion—a passion he wants others to share. One criticism of initiatives like TOMS is that the money spent by customers might otherwise have gone directly to charities. So Mycoskie encourages his customers to become more involved with TOMS by volunteering to hand-deliver the shoes to children in need. It’s a giving experience and he hopes it might inspire some of the volunteers to develop similar projects. 36. Why did Blake Mycoske go to Argentina? A. To look for ideas. B. To be close to nature. C. To relax himself. D. To start his new business. 37. Blake Mycoske gave up the idea of setting up a charity to donate shoes to the kids because ________. A. he found it wasn’t a long-term solution B. he found the shoes weren’t good in quality C. he found people didn’t show enough sympathy D. he found the kids didn’t like the traditional shoes 38. How did Mycoskie respond to the criticism of the projects like TOMS? A. He inspired other similar projects. B. He donated more money to charity. C. He turned his customers into volunteers. D. He hand-delivered shoes to the kids by himself. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. The Future of Shoe Making B. A New Business Model C. An Experienced Entrepreneur D. The Shoe Giver 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Blake Mycoske是如何成为一位社会企业家，成立了TOMS，为阿根廷和世界上其它许多地方的孩子提供鞋子。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Three more businesses later, still only 29 years old, and feeling somewhat burned out, Mycoskie decided to give it a break for a while and head down to Argentina.（后来又开了三家公司，当时还只有29岁，感到有些精疲力竭，Mycoskie决定暂时歇歇，去了阿根廷）”可知，Mycoskie去阿根廷是为了休息放松。故选C项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“One pair of shoes per child would not make that much difference because they wear out. And if he asked people to donate repeatedly, sympathy for the cause might also wear out pretty quickly.（每个孩子一双鞋不会有太大的意义，因为鞋子会穿破。如果他反复要求人们捐款，人们对慈善事业的同情也会很快消失）”可知，Blake Mycoske放弃了建立一个慈善机构给孩子们捐赠鞋子的想法，因为他发现这不是一个长久的解决办法。故选A项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“One criticism of initiatives like TOMS is that the money spent by customers might otherwise have gone directly to charities. So Mycoskie encourages his customers to become more involved with TOMS by volunteering to hand-deliver the shoes to children in need.（对TOMS这样的计划的批评之一是，顾客花的钱可能会直接捐给慈善机构。因此，Mycoskie鼓励他的客户通过自愿将鞋子亲手送到有需要的儿童手中，来更多地参与到TOMS中来）”为了回应顾客的批评，Mycoskie鼓励他的客户通过自愿将鞋子亲手送到有需要的儿童手中，来更多地参与到TOMS中来。故选C项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了社会企业家Blake Mycoske是如何为阿根廷和世界上其它许多地方孩子提供鞋子的。所以短文的最佳标题为“给予鞋的人”故选D项。 (B) Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍) symptoms after natural disasters. Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma. The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life. It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc. Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments. In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked. Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday life. Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine. On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT. Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort. Some therapists also argue that because it only addresses current problems and specific issues it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions, and because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being. However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach. Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults. The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients. 40. According to the passage, CPT is intended to help patients _________. A. learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices B. cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events C. minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life D. focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc. 41. Compared with other talk-therapies, what feature contributes to the effectiveness of CPT? A. Its multiple treating assignments. B. Its applicable strategies in daily life. C. Its higher treatment fulfillment. D. Its brain connectivity enhancement. 42. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT. B. CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far. C. More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children. D. CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions. 43. What is the main idea of this passage? A. The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy. B. An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy. C. A breakthrough in the psychological medical field. D. The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy. 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. C 43. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种长期心理疗法——认知加工疗法。它能够帮助患者改变消极态度和行为，减少对患者生活的负面影响，但同时也存在一些缺点，患者在初始阶段可能会更加焦虑或不适。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life.(这样做的目的是让病人对创伤事件有一个新的、更积极的看法和理解，从而减少对病人当前生活的持续负面影响。)”可知，认知加工疗法是为了帮助病人培养对创伤性时间的积极看法和理解。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Compared to other talk-therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time , allowing for a lower patient dropout rate. It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma. This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.(与其他谈话疗法相比，它特别成功，因为它可以在很短的时间内完成，允许较低的患者退出率。它还能增强大脑的连通性，从而减少创伤的长期影响。这种增强的连通性就是为什么认知行为疗法经常被认为比药物更有效。)”可知，认知加工疗法成功是因为它完成时间短，增强大脑的连通性，所以它比其他的疗法要更加有效。故选C项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach. Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults. The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.(然而，认知加工疗法主要侧重于自然灾害后，而不考虑灾前健康，已多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法。虽然还没有研究将认知加工疗法推广到儿童，但它对成人是一种有效的治疗方法。认知加工疗法的明确有效性证明了患者特异性治疗的重要性，这是个体患者独特的经历。)”可知，认知加工疗法多次被证明是一种相当成功的治疗方法，并且对于成年人来说已经是有效的方法；由此可以推出，下一步很有可能就是将其应用于儿童身上，研究它的有效性。故选C项。 【43题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲了认知加工疗法的定义，它是一种长期的心理疗法；第二段讲了它为何如此有效，其原理是什么；第三段讲了认知加工疗法的缺点；第四段讲了它的应用范围。综合全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种长期心理疗法——认知加工疗法。故选B项。 Section C (2'x4)8% Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Despite the fact that American companies have been “global” for a very long time now, many people today inside companies still misunderstand cultural differences. They misperceive potential foreign-born workers, for example, as too “shy” or not “confident” enough. ____44____ In many cultures, it is just not appropriate to make small talk with someone you don’t know, especially someone above you in the corporate level. ____45____ For example, if you express your loyalty to a particular team without knowing that of your colleagues, you might put them in the uncomfortable position of having to either conceal their own preference or express something that conflicts with yours. So, you can imagine how challenging it can be for someone from a non-small talk culture to try to fit into a US corporate setting. In addition, the US is basically a “straight-shooter (坦率的人)” style culture, where it is cultural valued to tell it like it is. But this isn’t necessarily true worldwide. For example, in Japan, people prefer to communicate indirectly, especially when it comes to a sensitive topic. To avoid accidentally damaging a relationship, people approach problems through subtle hints or general statements. If someone were to directly state a problem, it would make them look ungraceful, immature, and untrustworthy. ____46____ Americans tend to be relatively informal in a business context. ____47____ Many cultures are quite formal, especially when interacting with superiors. In general, Indian culture, for example, is very formal. Indians typically greet their elders and superiors by title (Sir, Mr. , Dr. , Professor) and never by their first name. This is also the case at the university, where students act with extreme levels of respect towards their professors. The above discussion just hits the tip of the iceberg of the different cultural misinterpretations in corporate America. For American employers to succeed in selecting, training, inspiring and keeping their top foreign-born talent, it is high time that they started taking account of these cultural differences in their leadership selection process. A. There is a significant problem in corporate America today with foreign workers. B. In fact, many people are quite surprised at the level of informality in American businesses. C. Someone who avoids making small talk can be seen as unfriendly or not a team player. D. However, in reality, with a moderate amount of training, these high-performing individuals could be corporate leaders of tomorrow. E. It can also be impolite and even dangerous to openly express your opinion. F. But from the perspective of American culture, this more indirect style appears as if someone is “hiding” the truth. 【答案】44. D 45. E 46. F 47. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了美国企业界对不同文化误解。 【44题详解】 上文“Despite the fact that American companies have been ‘global’ for a very long time now, many people today inside companies still misunderstand cultural differences. They misperceive potential foreign-born workers, for example, as too ‘shy’ or not ‘confident’ enough. (尽管美国公司已经‘全球化’很长时间了，但今天公司内部的许多人仍然误解了文化差异。例如，他们错误地认为潜在的外国出生的工人太‘害羞’或不够‘自信’。)”说明由于文化差异，美国公司还会错误地认为外国工人不够勇敢自信，选项D“然而，在现实中，经过适度的培训，这些表现优异的人可以成为未来的企业领导者。”承接上文，转折语义，说明外国工人经过培训也可以成为企业领导者。故选D项。 【45题详解】 下文“For example, if you express your loyalty to a particular team without knowing that of your colleagues, you might put them in the uncomfortable position of having to either conceal their own preference or express something that conflicts with yours. (例如，如果你在不知道你的同事的情况下表达你对一个特定团队的忠诚，你可能会把他们置于一个不舒服的境地，他们要么隐瞒自己的偏好，要么表达与你的偏好相冲突的东西。)”说明公开表达自己的观点可能让人不舒服，甚至可能发生冲突。选项E“公开表达自己的观点也是不礼貌的，甚至是危险的。”引领下文，概括说明下文所举的事例。故选E项。 【46题详解】 段首“In addition, the US is basically a ‘straight-shooter (坦率的人)’ style culture, where it is cultural valued to tell it like it is. (此外，美国基本上是一种‘直来直去’式的文化，在那里，如实讲述是有文化价值的。)”以及“For example, in Japan, people prefer to communicate indirectly, especially when it comes to a sensitive topic. To avoid accidentally damaging a relationship, people approach problems through subtle hints or general statements. If someone were to directly state a problem, it would make them look ungraceful, immature, and untrustworthy. (例如，在日本，人们更喜欢间接交流，尤其是在涉及敏感话题时。为了避免不小心破坏关系，人们通过微妙的暗示或笼统的陈述来解决问题。如果有人直接陈述问题，会让他们看起来不优雅、不成熟、不值得信任。)”说明美国文化喜欢直来直去，而日本人更喜欢间接交流，选项F“但从美国文化的角度来看，这种更间接的风格似乎有人在‘隐藏’真相。”承接上文，转折语义，说明美国人对日本这种间接交流风格的不理解，呼应段首。故选F项。 【47题详解】 上文“Americans tend to be relatively informal in a business context. (美国人在商业环境中往往相对不太正式。)”说明美国人在商业环境中相对不太正式，选项B“事实上，许多人对美国企业中非正式程度感到非常惊讶。”承接上文，进一步说明美国商业中的不正式程度。选项中informality和上文中informal语义一致，故选B项。 第二卷（25分） IV.Translation. (3+3+4+5=15%) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackels. 48. 人工智能的引入使警方更容易辨认出嫌疑人。（identify）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The introduction of AI makes it easier for the police to identify the suspect. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、动词和名词。“人工智能”可表示为AI，“引入”可表示为introduction，所以“人工智能的引入”可翻译为the introduction of AI，在句中作主语；“使”可用使役动词make表示，make it easier for sb. to do sth.为固定句型，意为“使某人做某事更容易”，it作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语；“辨认”可用identify表示，为及物动词；“嫌疑人”可表示为suspect，作identify的宾语。本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故本句可翻译为：The introduction of AI makes it easier for the police to identify the suspect. 49. 孩子与父母交流越多，患抑郁症的可能越小。（suffer）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The more children communicate with their parents, the less likely they are to suffer from depression. 【解析】 【详解】考查从句和动词。句子陈述事实，时态使用一般现在时。根据句意，可以把句子写成“The+比较级……，the+比较级……”结构。前半句中，主语“孩子”表示泛指，用children；“交流”是谓语动词，用communicate with；宾语是“父母”，是泛指，用parents，因此这一部分可以翻译成The more children communicate with their parents；后半句是主系表结构，表示“可能……”使用固定句型sb be likely to do，主语是“孩子”，使用代词they指代children；表示“可能越小”使用比较级less likely，“患抑郁症”使用固定短语suffer from depression，因此这一部分可以翻译成the less likely they are to suffer from depression。故翻译为The more children communicate with their parents, the less likely they are to suffer from depression. 50. 与普遍的看法相反，他们并不愿意采取主动去结束这场战争。（initiative）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Contrary to popular belief, they are unwilling to take the initiative to end the war. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。根据句意可知，本句用一般现在时。Contrary to为固定结构，表示“与……相反”，“普遍的看法”用popular belief表示，“他们”用they表示，be unwilling to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“不愿意做某事”，主语为they，be动词用are，“采取主动去结束这场战争”用take the initiative to end the war表示，位于动词不定式to后面，take使用原形。故翻译为Contrary to popular belief, they are unwilling to take the initiative to end the war. 51. 直到屡次碰壁，他才意识到只有与他人合作，才能成功完成任务。（Not until）(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Not until he got into trouble over and over/again and again did he realize that he couldn’t successfully accomplish/finish tasks unless he cooperated with others. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配、倒装句、宾语从句和状语从句。“直到……才……”可用not...until...引导时间状语从句，且not until位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。“屡次”可表示为over and over/again and again；“碰壁”可表示为get into trouble；“意识到”可表示为realize，为及物动词，“只有与他人合作，才能成功完成任务”作其宾语，应用that引导宾语从句；“与……合作”可表示为cooperate with；“成功完成任务”可表示为successfully accomplish/finish tasks；“只有……才……”可用unless引导条件状语从句，主句使用否定句式。本句陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，主句的谓语是realize，所以应将助动词did提到主语前面，构成部分倒装。故本句可翻译为：Not until he got into trouble over and over/again and again did he realize that he couldn’t successfully accomplish/finish tasks unless he cooperated with others. 68.Guided Writing (10%) 52. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 新学期新气象，学校为改善餐饮质量，提高学生营养水平，为同学们提供自助午餐。请你给校长写一封信，通过比较自助午餐与传统盒饭的利弊，向校长提出你的建议，并简要说明理由。 自助午餐：buffet lunch 盒饭：packed lunch ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Principal, With the new semester beginning, the introduction of buffet lunches in our school to improve meal quality and student nutrition is indeed a commendable move. I am writing to share my thoughts on the benefits of buffet lunches compared to traditional packed lunches. Buffet lunches offer a variety of food choices, which can cater to different dietary needs and preferences, encouraging students to try diverse foods and obtain a balanced diet. Moreover, they allow students to select portions according to their hunger, reducing food waste. On the downside, buffet lunches may require more resources and management efforts. In comparison, packed lunches are convenient, but they often lack variety and may not meet the nutritional requirements of every student. In conclusion, while packed lunches are economical and simple, buffet lunches provide better nutritional value and variety, making them a preferred option for enhancing student health. I suggest maintaining the buffet system while implementing measures to minimize costs. Sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对比自助午餐与传统盒饭的优缺点，向校长提出个人建议并简要说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 学期：semester → term   值得赞扬的：commendable → praiseworthy 多样的：diverse → varied 建议：suggest → recommend 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Moreover, they allow students to select portions according to their hunger, reducing food waste. 拓展句：Moreover, they allow students to select portions according to their hunger, which helps to reduce food waste. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Buffet lunches offer a variety of food choices, which can cater to different dietary needs and preferences, encouraging students to try diverse foods and obtain a balanced diet.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句和现在分词短语作状语) 【高分句型2】In conclusion, while packed lunches are economical and simple, buffet lunches provide better nutritional value and variety, making them a preferred option for enhancing student health.(运用了while引导状语从句和现在分词短语作状语) 听力1-10 BCCAD CBCBA 11-16 DAA BBC 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$