2025届高三英语一轮复习语法知识点重要考点导学案

高中英语重点语法知识点归纳 1.状语从句的省略： While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog 当when, while, unless, as if, though, although等引导从句，若从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，构成省略句句型。 上面所列举的连接词后如果接分词形式，与主句主语是主动关系，要用现在分词doing，与主句主语是被动关系，要用过去分词done。 (1)Children, when ___________(accompany)by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. (2)When ________(necessary), you can look up the word in a dictionary (3)Although _______(grow)well, the plant still needs watering every other day. 2.英语中的“强调”： 句子成分有主、谓、宾、定、状、补，强调谓语用助动词do, does, did; 强调主语、宾语、状语用强调句。 (1)助动词 对比：I want to change this situation, but I don’t know how. I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how. (1)do常用来强调句子的谓语动词，意为“的确；务必，一定要……” (2)注意，句子的时态变化都要表现在do上，如did, does,它后面要接动词原形。 Eg：I do believe that he is an honest man. She does like literature. (2)强调句 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who… 注意：当被强调部分是人时，其后连接词用that/who都可以。 当被强调部分是物时，其后连接词只能用that。 Eg: I met Mary on my way to school last night. It was Mary that/who I met on my way to school last night.（强调宾语） It was I who/that met Mary on my way to school last night.（强调主语） It was on my way to school that I met Mary last night.（强调地点状语） It was last night that I met Mary on my way to school.（强调时间状语） 3.“这是某人第几次做某事”句型 It/This/That is the first/second …time that sb have/has done sth. 这是某人第几次做某事。 It/This/ That was the first/second…time that sb had done sth. 这是某人第几次做某事。 注意：it可以用this, that 来代替。 重点：当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时，其后定语从句具有以下两个特点。 （1）用关系代词that引导，作宾语时可以省略。 （2）定语从句的时态要用完成时： ①主句的谓语动词是is,用现在完成时； ②从句的谓语动词是was,用过去完成时。 Eg: It is the third time that he has failed the exam. He was the strictest teacher that we had ever met. 4.it作形式主语，真正的主语是doing. It’s no pleasure doing sth.做某事没有乐趣。 It’s no fun doing sth.做某事没有乐趣。 It’s no use doing sth.做某事没有用。 It’s no good doing sth.做某事没有好处。 It’s a waste of time/money doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间/金钱。 5.it作形式宾语 (6123模式) 名词 to do sth. Sb find + it + 宾补 +真正的宾语 doing sth 形容词 从句 consider, feel, think, make, believe Eg：We found it possible to finish the work in ten minutes. He made it a rule to get up before seven in the morning. 注意：find/found/found feel/felt/felt think/thought/thought make/made/made 6. more than 的用法 (1)more than与数词连用，表示“超过，不止”，相当于over. (2)more than+名词/动名词V-ing，“不仅仅是......” (3)more than+形容词/副词: 非常；十分，与very连用。 (4)“more than one+单数名词,many a+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Eg:More than one person is involved in this. Eg: As far as I know, he is more careful than the others. 7.名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ( 在这些词后的宾语从句、表语从句，同位语从句和 主 语从句中都应用虚拟语气，即should +do，其中should可省略。 ) ( 在这些词后的宾语从句、表语从句，同位语从句和 主 语从句中都应用虚拟语气，即should +do，其中should可省略。 )在 “一坚持”insist “二命令”order, command “三建议”suggest,advise,recommend “四要求”request,require,ask, demand 外加一个“督促”urge Eg:The teacher requested that the students should be well prepared for the coming exam. 注意点1： (1)insist 后跟that引导的宾语从句表示“坚决要求，坚决主张”时，谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 insist on sth 或insist doing sth Eg: I insisted that we (should) tell this to her. (2)insist若表示“坚持认为，坚持说”的意思时，宾语从句多用陈述语气。Eg: He insisted that he had never stolen anything. 注意点2： 若suggest 表示“建议”，则其后接的that 从句，谓语通常用“(should )+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式。 若 suggest 表示“暗示，意指，表明”等，则其后接的that从句要用陈述语气。 Eg: Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby. Her expression suggested that she was angry. 8.be+adj.+不定式： When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. “the air would be hard to breathe”为“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构，此处为不定式的主动形式表被动的意义。 该结构出现要有两个前提： (1)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等 (2)不定式中的动词和句子的构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 (3)主语+be+adj.+不定式. 主语+be+too+adj.+不定式. 主语+be+adj+enough+不定式. The water isn’t fit to drink. The question is difficult to answer. 9.once的用法 Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. (1)该句是主从复合句，once引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦......就......”。 但是因once引导的是条件状语从句，所以从句不能用将来时态，而用一般时态代替将来时。（主将从现） Eg:Once you start, you will never give up. once作为连接词引导条件状语从句时，后面接现在分词表示与主语是主动关系；接过去分词表示与主语是被动关系。 Eg:Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular. (2)once用作副词时，意为“一次；曾经”。 Eg: He once lived in the countryside. 4.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. “no matter +疑问词” “疑问词+ever” (1)no matter +疑问词 只能引导让步状语从句 (2)疑问词+ever 可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句（在从句中要充当一定的成分） No matter what you do, you must do it well.(让步状语从句) 10.as if/ as though的用法 It seemed as if the world was at an end! 句式分析：这是一个主系表句式，seemed是系动词，as if 是表语从句。 考点提炼：as if 和as though （1）as if/as though“似乎，好像”可用来引导表语从句和状语从句。 （2）当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的、极有可能发生的或存在的事实时，as if 从句要用陈述语气。如： It looks as if it is going to snow. （3）当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的、极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。 a. 如果从句表示与现实事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时； b. 如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”； c. 如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 Eg: The woman loves the children as if she ______(be)their mother. He talks about Rome as if he_____________(be)there before. He opened his mouth as if he ___________(say)something. 11.all...not/not...all等表示部分否定，其意思是“并非所有的” All hope was not lost.并没有丧失所有的希望。 句式分析：该句为不完全否定，all...not/not...all等表示部分否定，其意思是“并非所有的” 考点提炼：（1）all, both, each, every, everyone, everybody, everything, always, whole, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定。 （2）当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no, none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither等词语谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达。 None of us was allowed to go there. 12.as的用法 3.As you know, this is the day the quake happened... (1)as you know在本句中是非限制性定语从句，修饰后面的整个句子。 (2)as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别： as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分隔主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常位于所修饰的句子之后； as常常有“正如、正像”的含义；which常译为“这，这件事”； 当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只能用which。which引导的非限制性定语从句常位于所修饰的句子之后。 Eg:The air quality in the city, _________ is known in the report, has improved over the past two months. 13.关于when的几个并列句 be doing sth when... 某人正在做某事，这时突然...... Eg: I was watching TV when the electricity was cut off. had just done sth when...刚做完某事。这时突然...... Eg: I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over. be about to do sth when...即将做某事这时突然....... Eg:We were about to start when it began to rain. be on point of doing sth when ...即将做某事这时突然...... Eg:I was on the point of leaving when the phone rang. 14.关于when的两个定语从句（固定句型） There is/was a time when 这是一个......的时期。 There was a time when...曾经有一段时间...... Eg：There was a time when women are not allowed to go to school. 15.only的倒装 Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence... only 放在句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，要进行部分倒装。将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语之前。 Eg：Only in this way _____________the problem on time. 只有这样我们才能按时解决这个问题。 名师点睛： （1）当only修饰状语从句时，主句部分倒装，被only修饰的状语从句部分不到装。 （2）only不置于句首不倒装； （3）当only修饰主语时，则不用倒装。Eg：Only the teachers are allowed to use this room. Only if 只要；只有。引导的状语从句在句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 If only 要是...就好了。引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，表达对现在、将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望。 16.情态动词+have done must have done 过去一定做过某事 may/might have done 过去可能做过某事 can/could have done 本可以做某事而没做 can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做...... needn’t have done 过去做了不必做的事 shouldn’t have done 本不应该做某事而事实上做了 Eg： We needn’t have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner. 16.the first time 引导时间状语从句 I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 此句是一个主从复合句，the first time引导时间状语从句。 Eg: The first time I saw her, she was going shopping in the supermarket. 用作从属连词的名词短语还有： each/every time 每次 next time 下一次 the last time 最后一次 the instant/minute/moment 一......就....... 17.几个固定句型 There is no doubt that... There is no doubt about... 毫无疑问...... There is (some)doubt whether... I doubt whether/if... 我怀疑...... I don’t doubt that... 我确信...... doubt既可以作名词，又可以作动词。在肯定句中常接whether/if引导的从句（同位语从句中只用whether），在否定句和疑问句中常接that 从句。 18.“疑问词+不定式”用法的四个注意事项： 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语； 疑问词：who, what, when, where, how等 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式； 这种结构常用在动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, find out等后作宾语。 I could not decide which dictionary to buy. I don’t know what to say. We must know how to operate the machine. （1）nor, neither, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, never等否定副词谓语句首时，句子用部分倒装。 Eg： Never have I met such a person like you before. 之前我从来没见过像你这样的人。 at no time, in no way, by no means等表示否定意义的短语谓语句首时，句子用部分倒装。 Eg： By no means should we be late for school. 19.关于“比较级”的几个句型： (1)The +比较级, the +比较级. “越......,就越......”,前一个“the+比较级”是条件状语从句，后一个是主句。主句用一般将来时，前面的从句用一般现在时表示将来。 Eg: The more you practise, the better you can understand. (2)比较级+and+比较级. 越来越...... Eg: Tennis is getting more and more popular in Shanghai. 20.“随着时间的推移”的表达 as time went by=with time going by随着时间的推移 as作为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当......的时候”。 Eg：Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I had left my book in the cafe. as作为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如；如同”。 Eg: The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. While reading a newspaper, he fell asleep. 句中while reading a newspaper是省略句，while后省略了she is。当when, while, if, unless, once等引导状语时，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it且从句的谓语部分含be动词的某种形式时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。 Eg: ____________________________________(一旦理解), the problem seems easy. ____________________________________(如果来)early, you can get a front seat. ____________________________________(尽管聪明), he couldn’t solve the puzzle. 21.while作连词时的主要用法： （1） “当......时候”，引导时间状语从句； （2） “而；然而”，表示对比； （3） “虽然；尽管”，表示转折（常用于句首） Eg: I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Table manners are the important process in our daily life. We get used to using chopsticks_______Englishmen use knives and forks. 22.so...that...和such...that... so是形容词，后接名词；such是副词，后接形容词、副词。 so+形容词/副词+that从句 So+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that 从句 So+many/much/little/few+名词+that从句 such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句 such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数+that从句 such a lot of/lots of+名词 +that从句 23.关于it的固定句型 It is+adj.+for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事......。 It is+adj+of sb to do sth.某人如此......而做某事。 It’s +adj.+that... .......是怎么样的。 It is the + 序数词time +that +主语+have/has done sth. 某人第...次做...。 It is high time that .... 是该做某事的时候了。 It’s reported/said/believed/announced that ... 据报道/据说/据认为/据称......。 It’s a pity/a shame/a wonder that...可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是...... It happens/appears/seems that...恰巧/好像...... It looks/seems as if... 看起来像...... It’s up to sb to do sth. 该某人做...... It one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人去做某事。 24.动名词作主语 Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。 Being praised by his teacher made him regain confidence.被老师表扬使他重新获得了信心。 动名词/动名词短语做主语，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，其被动形式为being done. 动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 注意：动名词短语做主语时有时用it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语移至句尾。常用句型为： It is no use/no good/a waste of time/useless...+doing sth. 25.once的用法 once其他含义：(1)一次；一回(2)曾经(3)一旦；一...就... 其他表示“一......就......”意义的结构还有：no sooner... than...；hardly...when...；as soon as等 at once 立刻；马上 once again=once more 再一次 once in a while 偶尔；间或 26.几个“某人突然想到...”的句型 It occurs to sb that...某人突然想到...... It strikes sb that...某人突然想到...... It happens that... 碰巧...... Eg:It occurred to me that I had an important conference to attend the next morning. 27.with复合结构 With+宾语+宾补（Ving/ Ved/ to do/ adj./adv./prep./phrases.） （1）用现在分词时，表示分词动作与前面的宾语是主动关系，且动作正在进行中； （2）用过去分词时，表示分词动作与前面的宾语是被动关系； （3）用动词不定式，表示动作还没有发生或即将发生。 Eg: With the teacher __________(instruct) them, the students have made great progress in English. With nothing _______(leave) to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. With so much homework _____(do), she had to stay at home. 28. “find+宾语+宾补”的结构： 宾补常常是：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词 和过去分词 find sb/sth doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 find sb/sth done 发现某人/某事被...... 29.关于“方位介词”的倒装 表示方位的副词或介词短语如here, there, out, in, up, down, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要使用全倒装语序。在此结构中，如果主语是代词时，主语和谓语不倒装。 Eg: South of the river lies a small factory. Away he went. In she rushed. 30.“see +宾语+宾语补足语” see/notice/observe/watch/spot/look at sb do sth看见某人做某事的全过程 see/notice/observe/watch/spot/look at sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事 see/notice/observe/watch/spot/look at sb done sth看见...被... 31.not only...but also...的用法 (1)句中“not only...but also...”结构意为“不仅......,而且......”，其中but后省略了also. not only...but (also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”. Eg:Not only the students but also the teacher is against the plan. (2)not only...but (also)...连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，其所在的分句需使用部分倒装。 Eg:Not only does the sun give us light, but also it gives us heat. - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$