精品解析：上海市南汇中学2024-2025学年高一上学期10月月考英语试卷

上海南汇中学2024学年第一学期10月阶段练习 高一英语 满分：100分 考试时间：90分钟 第Ⅰ卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A(10%) Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Mr. Green. B. Mr. Lee. C. Mr. Smith. D. Mr. Wang. 2 A.15 dollars. B. 10 dollars. C. 20 dollars. D. 5 dollars. 3. A. Angry. B. Casual. C. Depressed. D. Satisfied. 4. A. To open his own restaurant. B. To work as a takeout food deliver. C. To buy a dishwasher. D. To change a job. 5. A. He hopes to find a new dance partner. B. He thinks the woman just needs more practice. C. He needs to improve his dance movements D. He believes the woman will be a superstar. 6. A. There’s no need to buy designer clothing. B. It’s easy for people to follow the trend. C. Young people are often changeable. D. Youngsters are often quick-minded. 7. A. He thinks Mary should have been more confident. B. He isn’t surprised that Mary feels confident. C. He doubts if Mary will do well in the contest. D. He didn’t expect Mary to win the contest. 8. A. Head for the library. B. Give the woman a ride. C. Meet Tim. D. Go in the woman’s direction. 9. A. Someone has borrowed it. B. Someone has bought it. C. It will soon be returned. D. It is sold out at the moment. 10. A. He doesn’t have time to answer the woman’s question. B. The bus station moved to another place 3 days ago. C. He doesn’t know where the bus station is. D. The woman had better repeat her question. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once, When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It makes bacteria unable to survive B. It drives bacteria out of the food. C. It dissolves easily in water. D. It produces little water. 12. A. Greedy people. B. Unimportant people. C. Rich people. D. Hard- working people 13. A. It could be used to produce other things. B. It served as currency in trade. C. It was useful and rare. D. It was easy to get. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. An old street. B. His childhood. C. His hometown. D. An interesting souvenir. 15. A. It is now the trade centre of Malaysia. B. It looks similar to what it used to be like. C. Its harbour is visited by 2,000 ships each year. D. Its riverside warehouses are filled spices and silks. 16. A. They are well worth visiting. B. You’d better not explore them on foot. C. You can find many good bargains there. D. They divide the city centre into two parts, Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To make an appointment. B. To cancel a medical check- up. C. To look for a dentist. D. To change his insurance. 18. A. He had his teeth filled. B. He had his teeth cleaned. C. He had a tooth pulled. D. He had his teeth whitened. 19. A. Stomachache. B. A sore throat. C. Gum pain. D. Loss of tooth fillings. 20. A.14:30 on January 14th. B. Next Friday morning. C. Next Thursday morning. D.14:00 on January 30th. II. Grammar and vocabulary (20%) Section A(10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Do You Share Too Much Online? It’s good to share, right? Growing up as kids, we ____1____ (tell) to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age ____2____ discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and ____3____ (wear) a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media? What is oversharing? The term ____4____ (associate) with social media since it was coined, but it isn’t exclusive to this platform. Imagine you went to a party and met someone. Within five minutes they have exposed private details ____5____ their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire ____6____ (connect) with someone. But how does this translate to social media? Dr Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyber psychology, says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. ____7____ seems that the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally understood as negative. However, Dr Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become, ____8____ our posts are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, advised that we avoid complaining online. So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ____9____ (ask) your friends in real life? They would probably be more than happy to tell you ____10____ your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much. 【答案】1. are told 2. where##when 3. wearing 4. has been associated 5. about 6. to connect 7. It 8. if 9. ask 10. whether 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了社交媒体上的分享与过度分享之间的界限，以及过度分享可能带来的负面影响。 【1题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：从小，我们就被告知要分享玩具，不要自私。本句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，且主要we与tell“告知”之间为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为we，be动词用are。故填are told。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们也生活在一个鼓励讨论感受的时代。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是age ，age被视为一个背景或场景，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。也可以看成时间状语，用when引导。故填where/when。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着舞蹈挑战和穿枕头当裙子等新潮流的不断流行，问题是：社交媒体上的分享何时会变得过度分享？本空用wear“穿”的动名词，作such as的宾语。故填wearing。 【4题详解】 考查时态。句意：自从这个词被创造出来以来，它就和社交媒体联系在一起，但它并不是社交媒体所独有的。be associated with“与……联系”，为固定短语。根据since it was coined可知，本句用现在完成时，主语The term为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has been associated。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们在五分钟内就透露了生活中私密的细节。本空用介词about，表示“关于”。故填about。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然我们中的一些人可能会试图逃避这些人，但这种过度分享的形式可能来自于与某人建立联系的强烈愿望。本句谓语为could come，此处为非谓语动词，a desire to do sth.“做某事的欲望”，本空用connect“联系”的不定式，作后置定语。故填to connect。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：似乎通过过度分享寻找同情的想法通常被认为是负面的。本空用it，位于句首，首字母大写，构成It seems that…句型。故填It。 【8题详解】 考查条件状语从句。句意：然而，Hand博士的研究似乎也表明，我们在平台上发布的帖子越多，如果我们发布的内容是积极的，就越具有社交吸引力。本空引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”用if，引导条件状语从句。故填if。 【9题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：为什么不问问现实生活中的朋友呢？why not do sth.“为什么不做某事”为固定句型，本空用ask的原形。故填ask。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他们会很乐意告诉你，你关于早餐的帖子或对缺钱的抱怨是否真的太多了。本空用引导宾语从句，根据or，表示“是否”，用whether引导宾语从句。故填whether。 Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. typically B. booming C. remain D. attempt E. impact F. beneficial G. historically H. advocating I. migrate J. bridge K. available In recent years, sustainable tourism has gained widespread approval as more travelers become aware of the environmental and social impacts of traditional tourism. Originally considered a low-value market, sustainable tourism has evolved into a ____11____ industry that offers particular benefits to both the environment and local communities. This form of tourism ____12____ aims to reduce the negative effects of travel while enhancing the social, cultural, and economic well-being of destinations. One of the primary advantages of sustainable tourism is its ability to preserve natural resources and protect fragile ecosystems. By ____13____ environmentally responsible practices such as reducing waste, conserving water, and minimizing carbon footprints, sustainable tourism ensures that tourist hotspots ____14____ attractive. This not only benefits the environment but also guarantees that these natural attractions will still be ____15____ for future generations to enjoy. Additionally, sustainable tourism can provide significant economic astatine to local communities. Unlike traditional large-scale tourism projects, which often force locals to ____16____ to other places, sustainable tourism promotes employment opportunities for local people by maximizing the use of local resources. Whether by purchasing handmade goods, or by dining in family-run restaurants, traveler help ____17____ the economic gap between tourists and local populations, supporting local livelihoods, However, implementing sustainable tourism practices is not without its challenges. Some destinations ____18____ to market themselves as eco-friendly without making genuine efforts, a practice known as “greenwashing.” This makes it essential for travelers to be aware of which businesses and destinations truly prioritize sustainability. In conclusion, sustainable tourism offers endless potential to make travel more environmentally friendly and socially ____19____. By making more conscious choices, tourists can leave a positive ____20____ on the places they visit while enjoying unique and unforgettable experiences. 【答案】11. B 12. A 13. H 14. C 15. K 16. I 17. J 18. D 19. F 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主题是：可持续旅游的发展及其对环境和社会的积极影响。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最初被视为低价值市场，可持续旅游已发展成为蓬勃发展的产业，对环境和当地社区都带来了特别的好处。根据句意及空前“has evolved into a”和空后的“industry”可知，空处应用形容词表达“蓬勃发展的”，booming意为“繁荣的”，符合语境，形容词作定语，修饰名词industry。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查副词。 句意：这种形式的旅游通常旨在减少旅行的负面影响，同时增强目的地的社会、文化和经济福祉。根据句意及空后的“aims to”可知，空处应用副词表达通常的行为方式，typically意为“通常”，符合语境，副词修饰动词aims。故选 A。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。 句意：通过倡导环保措施，如减少废物、节约用水和减少碳足迹，可持续旅游确保旅游热点仍然具有吸引力。根据句意及空前的“By”和空后的“environmentally responsible practices”可知，空处位于介词后，应用动名词形式表达倡导某些措施，advocating意为“倡导”，符合语境。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查动词。 句意：通过倡导环保措施，如减少废物、节约用水和减少碳足迹，可持续旅游确保旅游热点仍然具有吸引力。空处是that引导从句的谓语动词，根据句意及空前的“ensures that tourist hotspots”和空后的“attractive”可知，空处应用动词表达保持某种状态，remain意为“保持”，符合语境，根据主句谓语动词ensures可知，句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形即可。故选C。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。 句意：这不仅有益于环境，还保证这些自然景点未来仍可供后代享受。根据句意及空前的“will still be”和空后的“for future generations to enjoy”可知，空处应表达可用性，available意为“可用的，可获得的”，符合语境，形容词作表语。故选K。 【16题详解】 考查动词。 句意：与传统的大型旅游项目不同，这些项目往往迫使当地人迁移到其他地方，可持续旅游通过最大化利用当地资源来促进当地人的就业机会。根据句意及空前的“force locals to”和空后的“to other places”可知，空处应用动词，表达“迁移”，migrate意为“迁移”，符合语境，force sb. to do sh“迫使某人做某事”为固定短语，故填原形形式。故选I。 【17题详解】 考查动词。 句意：无论是购买手工艺品，还是在家庭经营的餐馆用餐，旅行者都帮助缩小了游客与当地人口之间的经济差距，支持了当地人的生计。根据句意及空前的“travelers help”和空后的“the economic gap between tourists and local populations”可知，空处应用动词表达“缩小”。bridge意为“‌减小差异”，符合语境，help do something是一个固定的搭配，意思是“帮助做某事”，故应填动词原形。故选J。 【18题详解】 考查动词。 句意：一些目的地试图把自己宣传为环保，但实际上并未做出真正的努力，这种做法被称为“漂绿”。根据句意及空后的“to market themselves as eco-friendly”可知，空处应用动词表达“试图”，attempt意为“试图”，符合语境，句子陈述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，主语为名词复数，谓语动词用原形即可。故选D。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。 句意：总之，可持续旅游提供了无限的潜力，使旅行更加环保和社会有益。根据句意及空前的“make travel more environmentally friendly and socially”可知，空处应用形容词表达“有益的”，与friendly并列作宾语补足语，beneficial意为“有益的”，符合语境。故选F。 【20题详解】 考查名词。 句意：通过做出更有意识的选择，游客可以在享受独特和难忘的经历的同时，对访问的地方产生积极的影响。根据句意及空前的“leave a positive”和空后的“on the places they visit”可知，空处应用名词表达“影响”作宾语，impact意为“影响”，符合语境，根据空前a可知，应用单数形式，短语leave a positive impact on意为“对……产生积极的影响”。故选E。 III. Reading Comprehension (35%) Section A(15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, burying ourselves in a(n) ____21____ existence? Many scholars ____22____ a subjectively meaningful life to three factors: the feeling that one’s life makes sense (coherence), the possession of clear and satisfying long-term goals (purpose) and the belief that one’s life matters in the overall scheme of things (____23____ mattering). But we believe there is another element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are ____24____ to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, which represents the detection of and ____25____ for life’s inherent beauty. To better understand this form of appreciation, we conducted a series of experiments in which we gave people specific tasks and asked them to report how strongly they ____26____ statements linked to the factors of meaningful life. In one case, we found that participants who watched an awesome video, such as the BBC documentary Planet Earth, reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life, compared with participants watching more ____27____ videos, such as an instructional woodworking video. ____28____, participants who wrote about a recent experience for which they were ____29____ had a greater sense of meaning when compared with those who simply wrote about a common place they had ____30____ last week. The results confirmed our original theory: people are born with the ability to appreciate beauty, and appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But ____31____ that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced, ____32____ lifestyles fill the day with targets. We attempt to ____33____ output both at work and at leisure. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and ____34____ the significance in the everyday. As former Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru wrote in 1950, “We live in a wonderful world… There are countless adventures that we can have if we ____35____ them with our eyes open.” 21. A. adventurous B. routine C. active D. carefree 22. A. add up B. back up C. sum up D. make up 23. A. mental B. physical C. existential D. everyday 24. A. open B. credited C. connected D. close 25. A. patience B. admiration C. responsibility D. support 26. A. gave out B. relied on C. referred to D. identified with 27. A. funny B. streaming C. neutral D. principal 28. A. Undoubtedly B. Similarly C. However D. Therefore 29. A. anxious B. sorry C. pity D. grateful 30. A. visited B. imagined C. mentioned D. researched 31. A. applying B. revealing C. seeking D. analyzing 32. A. research-backed B. tech-driven C. family-based D. goal-oriented 33 A. correct B. maximize C. avoid D. reduce 34. A. modify B. embrace C. assess D. state 35. A. seek B. transform C. display D. stretch 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了要想生活充满意义，应该学会发现和欣赏生命内在美，文章通过介绍一项实验说明了这一道理。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们这些把自己埋在例行公事的生活中的普通人呢？A. adventurous冒险的；B. routine常规的；C. active活跃的；D. carefree无忧无虑的。此处修饰上文“how about us ordinary people”指忙于例行公事的普通人，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多学者将主观意义的人生归结为三个因素：感觉自己的人生是有意义的（连贯性），拥有明确而令人满意的长期目标（目的），以及相信自己的生命在整体计划中是重要的（存在主义重要）。A. add up合计；B. back up支持；C. sum up总结；D. make up编造。根据后文“a subjectively meaningful life to three factors”可知，主观意义的人生通过三个因素进行总结。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多学者将主观意义的人生归结为三个因素：感觉自己的人生是有意义的（连贯性），拥有明确而令人满意的长期目标（目的），以及相信自己的生命在整体计划中是重要的（存在主义重要）。A. mental心理的；B. physical身体的；C. existential存在主义的；D. everyday每天的。上文“the belief that one’s life matters in the overall scheme of things(相信自己的生命在整个计划中是重要的)”是强调了存在主义，故选C。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会增强他们对生活的看法。A. open开放的；B. credited相信；C. connected连接的；D. close亲密的。根据后文“to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life”指对欣赏这些体验持开放态度，应用be open to表示“对……持开放态度”。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们称这种元素为体验欣赏，它代表了对生命内在美的发现和钦佩。A. patience耐心；B. admiration赞美；C. responsibility责任；D. support支持。根据上文“We call this element experiential appreciation, which represents the detection of and”以及后文“for life’s inherent beauty.”指体验欣赏代表了对生命内在美的发现和钦佩。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了更好地理解这种感激的形式，我们进行了一系列的实验，在这些实验中，我们给人们特定的任务，并要求他们报告他们对与有意义的生活因素相关的陈述的认同程度。A. gave out分发；B. relied on依赖；C. referred to提及；D. identified with认同。结合后文“statements linked to the factors of meaningful life”指对与有意义的生活因素相关的陈述的认同程度，应用identify with。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个案例中，我们发现，与观看更中性的视频（如木工教学视频）的参与者相比，观看了BBC纪录片《行星地球》等精彩视频的参与者报告说，他们对体验的欣赏和生活的意义有更强的感觉。A. funny有趣的；B. streaming流动；C. neutral中立的；D. principal最重要的。根据后文“such as an instructional woodworking video”可知，木工教学视频属于中性的，不带感情色彩的视频。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，与那些只写上周去过的一个常见地方的人相比，那些写下最近一段让他们感激的经历的参与者有更大的意义感。A. Undoubtedly意外地；B. Similarly类似地；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据后文“与那些只写上周去过的一个常见地方的人相比，那些写下最近一段让他们感激的经历的参与者有更大的意义感”与上文提到的体验欣赏会让人增强他们对生活的看法，两种结论是相似的。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同样，与那些只写上周去过的一个常见地方的人相比，那些写下最近一段让他们感激的经历的参与者有更大的意义感。A. anxious焦虑的；B. sorry抱歉的；C. pity遗憾；D. grateful感激的。根据后文“The results confirmed our original theory: people are born with the ability to appreciate beauty, and appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful.(结果证实了我们最初的理论：人们天生就有欣赏美的能力，欣赏小事物可以让生活变得更有意义)”可推知，与那些只写上周去过的一个常见地方的人相比，那些写下最近一段让他们感激的经历的参与者有更大的意义感。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，与那些只写上周去过的一个常见地方的人相比，那些写下最近一段让他们感激的经历的参与者有更大的意义感。A. visited参观；B. imagined想象；C. mentioned提及；D. researched研究。根据上文“a common place they had”指参观过一个地方，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但运用这种洞察力可能很困难。A. applying应用；B. revealing揭露；C. seeking寻找；D. analyzing分析。根据后文“that insight can be difficult”以及下文主要论述了在生活中如何运用这个道理，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们现代、快节奏、目标导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。A. research-backed研究支持的；B. tech-driven技术驱动的；C. family-based基于家庭的；D. goal-oriented目标指向的。根据后文“lifestyles fill the day with targets”可知，我们的生活方式是目标导向的。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们试图在工作和休闲时都最大化产出。A. correct 纠正；B. maximize最大化；C. avoid避免；D. reduce减少。根据后文“This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now.(这种对未来结果的关注使得我们很容易忽略当下正在发生的事情)”以及上文提到我们现代、快节奏、目标导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标，所以我们试图在工作和休闲时都最大化产出。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。A. modify修改；B. embrace拥抱；C. assess评估；D. state陈述。根据后文“the significance in the everyday”以及上文提到要慢下来，所以是让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如印度前总理贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁在1950年所写的那样，“我们生活在一个美好的世界……如果我们睁大眼睛去寻找，我们可以经历无数的冒险。”A. seek寻找；B. transform变换；C. display展示；D. stretch伸展。后文“them with our eyes open”中them值得是上文提到的冒险，所以是睁大眼睛去寻找，故选A。 Section B (16%) Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) COLUMBIA, Mo. – Jilly Santos set three successive alarms on her phone, skipped breakfast, and hastily packed everything while her father drove. But last year she rarely made it to the doors of Rock Bridge High School by the first bell, at 7:50 a.m. Then she heard that the school board was about to make the day start even earlier at 7:20 a.m. “I think if that happens,” recalled Jilly, 17. “I will have to drop out of school. And I will complain to the end!” The nearly 20-year movement to start high schools later has recently gained momentum as hundreds of schools in dozens of districts across the country have adopted later school starting time. These schools have referred to the accumulating research results on the adolescent body clock. Evidence suggests that later high school starts have widespread benefits. Researchers at the University of Minnesota found that the later a school’s start time, the better off the students were on many measures, including mental health, car crash rates, attendance and, in some schools, grades and standardized test scores. “The research was not a randomized controlled trial. Its methods were practical and findings were promising. Even schools with limited resources can make this one policy change with what appears to be benefits for their students,” Dr. Elizabeth Miller said. Researchers have found that during adolescence, as hormones(荷尔蒙) rise and the brain develops, teenagers who regularly sleep eight to nine hours a night are less likely to be tardy, get in fights or sustain athletic injuries. Sleeping well can also help to stop their tendency toward uncontrolled or risky decision-making. During adolescence, teenagers have a later release of the “sleep” hormone melatonin(褪黑素), which means they tend not to feel sleepy until around 11 p.m. This explains mainly for their late bed time and naturally leads to late rising time. Other minor factors include the presence of electronic devices, which excites the brain and slows the onset of sleep. The Minnesota study noted that 88 percent of the students kept a cellphone in their bedroom. But many parents object to shifting the start of the day later. They say doing so makes sports practices end late, jeopardizes student jobs and bites into time for homework. At heart, though, experts say, the resistance is driven by mistrust about the primacy of sleep. “It’s still a badge of honor to get five hours of sleep,” said Dr. Judith Owens. “It supposedly means you’re working harder, and that’s a good thing. So there has to be a cultural shift around sleep.” 36. Why do many schools decide to start school later? A. Because they respond to complaints from students like Jilly. B. Because some students dropped out of school because of early start. C. Because they find later start brings various benefits. D. Because they would like to copy the way of other schools in districts. 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. According to research, all the students experience higher academic grades because of later school starts. B. Enough sleep helps to prevent teenagers from making willful decisions. C. Later school starts are not suitable for schools with limited resources. D. The leading reason for students’ sleeping late is the existence of mobile phones. 38. The underlined word “jeopardizes” is closest in meaning to________. A harms B. introduces C. frees D. exchanges 39. According to experts, many parents are against late school starts mainly because_____. A. they tend to object to all decisions schools make B. they are afraid that homework time will be cut C. they fear students will get poor test results D. they doubt the advantages of enough sleep 【答案】36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述的是许多学校推迟了开学时间，该举措得到了许多学生和专家的欢迎。然而，许多家人却对此提出异议。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These schools have referred to the accumulating research results on the adolescent body clock. Evidence suggests that later high school starts have widespread benefits.(这些学校参考了越来越多的关于青少年生物钟的研究成果。有证据表明，推迟高中上学时间有广泛的好处。)”可知，这些学校之所以推迟上学时间是因为参考了科学研究，发现推迟高中上学时间有广泛的好处。故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Researchers have found that during adolescence, as hormones(荷尔蒙) rise and the brain develops, teenagers who regularly sleep eight to nine hours a night are less likely to be tardy, get in fights or sustain athletic injuries. Sleeping well can also help to stop their tendency toward uncontrolled or risky decision-making.(研究人员发现，在青春期，随着荷尔蒙的上升和大脑的发育，每晚有规律地睡8到9个小时的青少年不太可能迟到、打架或遭受运动损伤。睡得好还可以帮助他们阻止不受控制或冒险决策的倾向。)”可知，充足的睡眠会防止青少年做出不好的决定。故选B。 【38题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“But many parents object to shifting the start of the day later.(但许多家长反对将一天的开始时间推迟。)”可知，许多家长反对这一举措。而划线单词所在句的上一句“makes sports practices end late(使体育训练结束得很晚)”以及下一句“bites into time for homework.(占用他们做家庭作业的时间。)”可知，本句指的都是家长反对这一举措的原因，都是家长认为推迟上课时间带来的害处。所以划线单词指的应该是“对学生的学习有不好的影响”。选项A“harms (损害)”；选项B“introduces (介绍)”；选项C“frees (释放)”；选项D“exchanges (交换)”。故选A。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“At heart, though, experts say, the resistance is driven by mistrust about the primacy of sleep. “It’s still a badge of honor to get five hours of sleep,” said Dr. Judith Owens.”(不过，专家表示，从本质上讲，这种抵制是由对睡眠首要地位的不信任所驱动的。“能睡上五小时仍然是一种荣誉，” Judith Owens博士说。)”可知，专家认为家长之所以反对将上课的时间推迟，从本质上来说，是因为家长不相信睡眠的重要性。故选D。 (B) Computers can beat world chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today’s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientists are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power. Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as “Your foot bone’s connected to your ankle bone, your ankle bone’s connected to your leg bone.” They can translate more difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Computers can also accurately translate “Wild thing, you make my heart sing!” into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary. But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen (围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used. In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating. Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future. 40. Computers today are capable of ________. A. defeating the best chess player in the world B. telling subtle differences between languages C. translating over 60 percent of difficult texts D. doing human-like common sense reasoning 41. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Computers can translate dry and difficult phrase. B. Computers can translate technical language. C. Computers can understand pre-programmed word. D. Computers can understand sensitive language. 42. To improve machine translation, computer programmers are trying to ________. A. use powerful rule-programmed computers B. have computers compile translating dictionaries C. teach computers to think by practice D. add explanations of words in computer programs 43. The passage suggests that ________. A. the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raised B. it is impossible for computers to think as humans do C. only technical language is suitable for machine translation D. it is impossible to determine identical words 【答案】40. A 41. D 42. C 43. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。在人工智能高度发达的现在，电脑仍然无法区分语言翻译中的细微差别，虽然人工智能计算机拥有大量的内存，能够存储大量的翻译字典和大量的语法规则列表，但是科学家们仍然无法给计算机编程，使其具有类似人类的常识推理能力。文章对此进行了详细介绍。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Computers can beat world chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation.(计算机可以在国际象棋比赛中击败世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫，计算核爆炸中的所有原子，并在几分之一秒内计算出复杂的数字，但它们仍然无法在语言翻译方面的细微差异。)”可知，如今的电脑可以击败世界上最好的棋手。故选A。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs.(但是高度敏感的翻译类型，如重要的外交对话，超出了计算机翻译程序的范围。)”可知，电脑无法理解高敏感度的语言。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating.(除了使用大量的规则编程机器外，计算机程序员还试图通过翻译的“经验”教会计算机学习如何独立思考。)”可知，为了改进机器翻译，计算机程序员正试图教会计算机通过练习学会思考。故选C。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒第二段“Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen (围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used.(人工翻译使用直觉意义，而不是逻辑，将单词和短语处理成其他语言。人类可以正确地翻译“围养禽畜的圈”这句话，因为大多数人都知道这意味着书写工具在一个狭小的封闭空间里。很多时候，计算机没有能力确定一个句子中两个相同的单词的使用方式。)”和最后一段最后一句“Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future.(即使有了这些努力，程序员们也承认，将来可能永远不会发明出“会思考”的计算机。)”可知，这篇文章表明计算机不可能像人类一样思考。故选B。 Section C(4%) Directions: Rend the following passage Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you nerd. Water is a key ingredient in a healthy diet and lifestyle. There are many health benefits of drinking water. It helps flush impurities and toxins out of our systems. ____44____ In fact nearly every system in our bodies relies on water for proper functioning. But what will happen if the water you drink every day is unhealthy? In past decades, concerns about tap water and its impact on overall health led some people to turn to bottled waters. You could pay to have a company deliver large bulky plastic bottles of water for the water cooler. Or you could purchase gallon jugs of distilled or “drinking water” at the grocery store. In recent years, there has been an explosion in the number of different bottled waters available, with big distributors such as Coke and Pepsi jumping on the bandwagon. But are bottled drinking waters like Coke’s Dasani brand, Pepsi’s Aquafina, or Wal-Mart’s store brand really any healthier than your tap water? ____45____ As we have learned more about the water we drink, the technology behind drinking water filters and purification systems has improved dramatically. There are filters to remove impurities, chemicals, heavy metals, bacteria and almost every contaminant you can think of. With the right size and filter combination for your specific home, your tap water can be exceptionally pure and healthy. ____46____ Although the initial cost of a whole house system usually amounts to several hundred dollars, that cost is often less than $100 a year if spread out over the life of the system. There may be additional expenses to replace carbon filters or lamps in an ultraviolet light water treatment device. These expenses can add another $100 or so to the annual cost of operating drinking water filters and purification systems. While some people may hesitate to spend so much each year for clean, safe drinking water, they are probably paying more for bottled drinking water. They understand that it is more expensive, but they are still willing to pay the extra money because bottled water is thought to be safer and healthier than filtered drinking water. ____47____ In reality, however, few bottled waters come from natural springs,and most of them use municipal tap water. A. Drinking water filtration systems have also become more affordable and easy to use. B. After all, bottled water is often marketed as “natural spring water” or “pure glacier water.” C. It aids in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients. D. And with a water filter, you at least know where the water you drink came from. E. Or would you be better off with a drinking water filtration system? F. So how do you tell if the water you are drinking is safe? 【答案】44. C 45. E 46. A 47. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了人们关注饮用水健康，瓶装水开始流行起来，而给自来水装过滤系统也是一个好的选择。 【44题详解】 前文“There are many health benefits of drinking water.It helps flush impurities and toxins out of our systems.(喝水对健康有很多好处。它能帮助我们排出体内的杂质和毒素)”说明水在我们身体中的功能，后文“In fact, nearly every system in our bodies relies on water for proper functioning.(事实上，我们身体的几乎每个系统都依赖水来正常运作)”表明水对我们身体的重要性；C选项“它有助于输送氧气和营养物质”也同样描述在身体中的功能，承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。 【45题详解】 前文“But are bottled drinking waters like Coke’s Dasani brand,Pepsi’s Aquafina,or Wal-Mart’s store brand really any healthier than your tap water? (但是，像可口可乐的Dasani品牌、百事可乐的Aquafina或沃尔玛的商店品牌这样的瓶装饮用水真的比自来水更健康吗)”提出疑问是否拼装水笔自来水更健康，下一段“With the right size and filter combination for your specific home,your tap water can be exceptionally pure and healthy.(使用合适的尺寸和过滤器组合，您的自来水可以非常纯净和健康)”对问题进行解答；E选项“还是说你最好有一个饮用水过滤系统”引出过滤系统，以问题方式与前一句并列，符合语境。故选E项。 【46题详解】 后文“Although the initial cost of a whole house system usually amounts to several hundred dollars,that cost is often less than $100 a year if spread out over the life of the system.(虽然整个住宅系统的初始成本通常高达数百美元，但如果在系统的整个生命周期内分摊，每年的成本通常不到100美元)”表明了饮用水过滤系统的价格还是合理的，A选项“饮用水过滤系统也变得更加实惠和易于使用”与后文意义一致，同样描述价格。故选A项。 【47题详解】 前文“They understand that it is more expensive,but they are still willing to pay the extra money because bottled water is thought to be safer and healthier than filtered drinking water.(他们知道瓶装水更贵，但他们仍然愿意支付额外的钱，因为瓶装水被认为比过滤饮用水更安全、更健康)”说明很多人还是愿意买瓶装水；B选项“毕竟，瓶装水经常被标榜为‘天然泉水’或‘纯净的冰川水’为其中的理由，对前一句补充，符合语境。故选B项。 第Ⅱ卷 IV. Blank Filling (6%) Directions: Complete the following sentences with the given phrases in their proper forms. Each phrase can only be used once. refer to be ashamed of amount to be accustomed to be based on end up 48. After living in the city for years, now she _________ the constant noise and traffic. 49. He didn’t expect too much from the competition, but he _________ winning the first place. 50. After realizing how much his careless comments hurt his friend, he _________ his behavior and promised to be more mindful. 51. His constant excuses and lack of effort in completing the project _________ nothing more than an attempt to avoid responsibility. 52. The teacher frequently _________ the students’ previous assignments to explain how they could avoid common mistakes in the future. 53. The company’s current marketing strategies _________ extensive consumer research, focusing on understanding customer needs and preferences to deliver more effective advertising campaigns. 【答案】48. is accustomed to 49. ended up 50. was ashamed of 51. amounted to 52. refers to 53. are based on 【解析】 【48题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：在城市生活多年后，她现在已经习惯了持续的噪音和交通。根据句意及空后的“the constant noise and traffic”可知，这里需要一个表示“习惯于”的短语。be accustomed to意为“习惯于”，符合句意，根据时间状语now可知，句子陈述现在的情况，时态用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is accustomed to。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他对比赛没有太高的期望，但他最终获得了第一名。根据句意及空后的“winning the first place”可知，这里需要一个表示“最终”的短语。end up doing sth意为“最终做某事”，符合句意，根据前文谓语动词“didn’t expect”可知，句子陈述过去发生的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式。故填ended up。 【50题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：意识到自己的随意评论给朋友造成了多大的伤害后，他为自己的行为感到羞愧，并承诺会更加注意。 根据句意及空后的“his behavior and promised to be more mindful”可知，这里需要一个表示“感到羞愧”的短语，be ashamed of意为“为……感到羞愧”，符合句意，根据后文并列谓语promised可知，句子描述过去发生的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式，主语he为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was ashamed of。 【51题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他不断找借口和缺乏完成项目的努力，实际上只是逃避责任的企图。 根据句意可知，这里需要一个表示“相当于”或“实际上是”的短语，amount to意为“相当于”，符合句意，句子描述的是过去的状况，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应该用过去式。故填amounted to。 【52题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：老师经常提到学生以前的作业，解释他们如何在未来避免常见的错误。根据句意及空后的“the students’ previous assignments to explain how they could avoid common mistakes in the future”可知，这里需要一个表示“提到”的短语，refer to意为“提到”，符合句意，根据句意及“frequently”可知，句子描述经常性行为，时态为一般现在时，主语The teacher为第三人称单数，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式。故填refers to。 【53题详解】 考查动词短语。 句意：公司目前的营销策略基于广泛的消费者研究，重点是了解客户的需求和偏好，以提供更有效的广告活动。根据句意及和空后的“extensive consumer research”可知，这里需要一个表示“基于”的短语，be based on意为“基于”，符合句意，句子描述的是公司当前的营销策略，这是一个持续存在的状态，时态应用一般现在时，主语是复数形式，be动词用are。故填are based on。 V. Translation (14%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 54. 他总是长时间地工作。（typical）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s typical of him to work long hours. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词，固定句型和时态。根据句意可知，句子陈述习惯性行为，使用一般现在时，句子表达“某人总是做某事”，使用固定句型It’s typical of sb. to do sth.，句首单词首字母大写，句式中sb.应用代词“他”的宾格形式him，“长时间地工作”译为work long hours，故整句翻译为：It’s typical of him to work long hours. 55. 上传文化活动到网上已经成为数字人类的日常惯例。(routine)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Uploading cultural events online has become a routine for digital humans. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、非谓语动词、名词。表示“在线上传某物”用upload sth. online，用动名词，作主语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“文化活动”用cultural event，用复数形式，表示多个活动，作Uploading的宾语。表示“成为”用become，表示“已经成为”，句子时态应用现在完成时，且主语Uploading cultural events online视为第三人称单数，助动词用has。表示“一个日常惯例”用a routine，作表语。表示“对于”用for。表示“数字人类”用digital human，用复数形式，作介词for的宾语。故翻译为Uploading cultural events online has become a routine for digital humans. 56. 孩子们不禁钦佩这位科学家，他为保护环境做出了巨大贡献。(contribute)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Children couldn’t help admiring the scientist who had contributed a lot to the environmental protection. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句和时态。表示“孩子们”用children，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“不禁做某事”用固定短语can’t help doing sth.，本句描述过去的动作和状态，应用一般过去时；表示“钦佩”用admire，用动名词，作couldn’t help的宾语。表示“科学家”用scientist，此处为特指，scientist前加the。表示“他为保护环境做出了巨大贡献”用定语从句，先行词是scientist，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导；表示“做贡献”用短语contribute to，从句的动作发生在主句过去动作之前，应用过去完成时；表示“巨大”用短语a lot；“环境保护”用短语environmental protection。故翻译为Children couldn’t help admiring the scientist who had contributed a lot to the environmental protection. 57. 对于参赛者而言，真正重要的不是获奖，而是参与其中并享受比赛的过程。(matter)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What really matters to the participants is not winning awards, but participating and enjoying the process of the competition.   【解析】 【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、主语从句。表示“什么”用what，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“重要”用动词matter，句子描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数；表示“真正地”用副词really，作状语，修饰matters；表示“对于”用介词to；表示“参赛者”用participant，表示多个参赛者，用复数形式，作介词for的宾语。表示“获奖”用win awards，用动名词，作表语。表示“参与其中”用participate，表示“享受”用enjoy，二者均用动名词，作表语，且二者为并列关系，用连词and连接，表示“比赛的过程”用the process of the competition，作enjoying的宾语。winning awards与participating and enjoying the process of the competition为转折关系，用连词but连接。故翻译为What really matters to the participants is not winning awards, but participating and enjoying the process of the competition. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 上海南汇中学2024学年第一学期10月阶段练习 高一英语 满分：100分 考试时间：90分钟 第Ⅰ卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25%) Section A(10%) Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Mr. Green. B. Mr. Lee. C. Mr. Smith. D. Mr. Wang. 2. A.15 dollars. B. 10 dollars. C. 20 dollars. D. 5 dollars. 3. A. Angry. B. Casual. C. Depressed. D. Satisfied. 4. A. To open his own restaurant. B. To work as a takeout food deliver. C. To buy a dishwasher. D. To change a job. 5. A. He hopes to find a new dance partner. B. He thinks the woman just needs more practice. C. He needs to improve his dance movements D. He believes the woman will be a superstar. 6. A. There’s no need to buy designer clothing. B. It’s easy for people to follow the trend. C. Young people are often changeable. D. Youngsters are often quick-minded. 7. A. He thinks Mary should have been more confident. B. He isn’t surprised that Mary feels confident. C. He doubts if Mary will do well in the contest. D. He didn’t expect Mary to win the contest. 8. A. Head for the library. B. Give the woman a ride. C. Meet Tim. D. Go in the woman’s direction. 9. A. Someone has borrowed it. B. Someone has bought it. C. It will soon be returned. D. It is sold out at the moment. 10. A. He doesn’t have time to answer the woman’s question. B. The bus station moved to another place 3 days ago. C. He doesn’t know where the bus station is. D. The woman had better repeat her question. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once, When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It makes bacteria unable to survive B. It drives bacteria out of the food. C. It dissolves easily in water. D. It produces little water. 12. A. Greedy people. B. Unimportant people. C. Rich people. D. Hard- working people 13. A. It could be used to produce other things. B. It served as currency in trade. C It was useful and rare. D. It was easy to get. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. An old street. B. His childhood. C. His hometown. D. An interesting souvenir. 15. A. It is now the trade centre of Malaysia. B. It looks similar to what it used to be like. C. Its harbour is visited by 2,000 ships each year. D. Its riverside warehouses are filled spices and silks. 16. A. They are well worth visiting. B. You’d better not explore them on foot. C. You can find many good bargains there. D. They divide the city centre into two parts, Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To make an appointment. B. To cancel a medical check- up. C. To look for a dentist. D. To change his insurance. 18. A. He had his teeth filled. B. He had his teeth cleaned. C. He had a tooth pulled. D. He had his teeth whitened. 19 A. Stomachache. B. A sore throat. C Gum pain. D. Loss of tooth fillings. 20. A.14:30 on January 14th. B. Next Friday morning. C. Next Thursday morning. D.14:00 on January 30th. II. Grammar and vocabulary (20%) Section A(10%) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Do You Share Too Much Online? It’s good to share, right? Growing up as kids, we ____1____ (tell) to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age ____2____ discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and ____3____ (wear) a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media? What is oversharing? The term ____4____ (associate) with social media since it was coined, but it isn’t exclusive to this platform. Imagine you went to a party and met someone. Within five minutes they have exposed private details ____5____ their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire ____6____ (connect) with someone. But how does this translate to social media? Dr Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyber psychology, says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. ____7____ seems that the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally understood as negative. However, Dr Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become, ____8____ our posts are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, advised that we avoid complaining online. So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ____9____ (ask) your friends in real life? They would probably be more than happy to tell you ____10____ your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much. Section B (10%) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. typically B. booming C. remain D. attempt E. impact F. beneficial G. historically H. advocating I. migrate J. bridge K. available In recent years, sustainable tourism has gained widespread approval as more travelers become aware of the environmental and social impacts of traditional tourism. Originally considered a low-value market, sustainable tourism has evolved into a ____11____ industry that offers particular benefits to both the environment and local communities. This form of tourism ____12____ aims to reduce the negative effects of travel while enhancing the social, cultural, and economic well-being of destinations. One of the primary advantages of sustainable tourism is its ability to preserve natural resources and protect fragile ecosystems. By ____13____ environmentally responsible practices such as reducing waste, conserving water, and minimizing carbon footprints, sustainable tourism ensures that tourist hotspots ____14____ attractive. This not only benefits the environment but also guarantees that these natural attractions will still be ____15____ for future generations to enjoy. Additionally, sustainable tourism can provide significant economic astatine to local communities. Unlike traditional large-scale tourism projects, which often force locals to ____16____ to other places, sustainable tourism promotes employment opportunities for local people by maximizing the use of local resources. Whether by purchasing handmade goods, or by dining in family-run restaurants, traveler help ____17____ the economic gap between tourists and local populations, supporting local livelihoods, However, implementing sustainable tourism practices is not without its challenges. Some destinations ____18____ to market themselves as eco-friendly without making genuine efforts, a practice known as “greenwashing.” This makes it essential for travelers to be aware of which businesses and destinations truly prioritize sustainability. In conclusion, sustainable tourism offers endless potential to make travel more environmentally friendly and socially ____19____. By making more conscious choices, tourists can leave a positive ____20____ on the places they visit while enjoying unique and unforgettable experiences. III. Reading Comprehension (35%) Section A(15%) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, burying ourselves in a(n) ____21____ existence? Many scholars ____22____ a subjectively meaningful life to three factors: the feeling that one’s life makes sense (coherence), the possession of clear and satisfying long-term goals (purpose) and the belief that one’s life matters in the overall scheme of things (____23____ mattering). But we believe there is another element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are ____24____ to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, which represents the detection of and ____25____ for life’s inherent beauty. To better understand this form of appreciation, we conducted a series of experiments in which we gave people specific tasks and asked them to report how strongly they ____26____ statements linked to the factors of meaningful life. In one case, we found that participants who watched an awesome video, such as the BBC documentary Planet Earth, reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life, compared with participants watching more ____27____ videos, such as an instructional woodworking video. ____28____, participants who wrote about a recent experience for which they were ____29____ had a greater sense of meaning when compared with those who simply wrote about a common place they had ____30____ last week. The results confirmed our original theory: people are born with the ability to appreciate beauty, and appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But ____31____ that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced, ____32____ lifestyles fill the day with targets. We attempt to ____33____ output both at work and at leisure. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and ____34____ the significance in the everyday. As former Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru wrote in 1950, “We live in a wonderful world… There are countless adventures that we can have if we ____35____ them with our eyes open.” 21. A. adventurous B. routine C. active D. carefree 22. A. add up B. back up C. sum up D. make up 23. A. mental B. physical C. existential D. everyday 24. A. open B. credited C. connected D. close 25. A. patience B. admiration C. responsibility D. support 26. A. gave out B. relied on C. referred to D. identified with 27. A. funny B. streaming C. neutral D. principal 28. A. Undoubtedly B. Similarly C. However D. Therefore 29 A. anxious B. sorry C. pity D. grateful 30. A. visited B. imagined C. mentioned D. researched 31. A. applying B. revealing C. seeking D. analyzing 32. A. research-backed B. tech-driven C. family-based D. goal-oriented 33. A. correct B. maximize C. avoid D. reduce 34. A. modify B. embrace C. assess D. state 35. A. seek B. transform C. display D. stretch Section B (16%) Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) COLUMBIA, Mo. – Jilly Santos set three successive alarms on her phone, skipped breakfast, and hastily packed everything while her father drove. But last year she rarely made it to the doors of Rock Bridge High School by the first bell, at 7:50 a.m. Then she heard that the school board was about to make the day start even earlier, at 7:20 a.m. “I think if that happens,” recalled Jilly, 17. “I will have to drop out of school. And I will complain to the end!” The nearly 20-year movement to start high schools later has recently gained momentum as hundreds of schools in dozens of districts across the country have adopted later school starting time. These schools have referred to the accumulating research results on the adolescent body clock. Evidence suggests that later high school starts have widespread benefits. Researchers at the University of Minnesota found that the later a school’s start time, the better off the students were on many measures, including mental health, car crash rates, attendance and, in some schools, grades and standardized test scores. “The research was not a randomized controlled trial. Its methods were practical and findings were promising. Even schools with limited resources can make this one policy change with what appears to be benefits for their students,” Dr. Elizabeth Miller said. Researchers have found that during adolescence, as hormones(荷尔蒙) rise and the brain develops, teenagers who regularly sleep eight to nine hours a night are less likely to be tardy, get in fights or sustain athletic injuries. Sleeping well can also help to stop their tendency toward uncontrolled or risky decision-making. During adolescence, teenagers have a later release of the “sleep” hormone melatonin(褪黑素), which means they tend not to feel sleepy until around 11 p.m. This explains mainly for their late bed time and naturally leads to late rising time. Other minor factors include the presence of electronic devices, which excites the brain and slows the onset of sleep. The Minnesota study noted that 88 percent of the students kept a cellphone in their bedroom. But many parents object to shifting the start of the day later. They say doing so makes sports practices end late, jeopardizes student jobs and bites into time for homework. At heart, though, experts say, the resistance is driven by mistrust about the primacy of sleep. “It’s still a badge of honor to get five hours of sleep,” said Dr. Judith Owens. “It supposedly means you’re working harder, and that’s a good thing. So there has to be a cultural shift around sleep.” 36. Why do many schools decide to start school later? A. Because they respond to complaints from students like Jilly. B. Because some students dropped out of school because of early start. C. Because they find later start brings various benefits. D. Because they would like to copy the way of other schools in districts. 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. According to research, all the students experience higher academic grades because of later school starts. B. Enough sleep helps to prevent teenagers from making willful decisions. C. Later school starts are not suitable for schools with limited resources. D. The leading reason for students’ sleeping late is the existence of mobile phones. 38. The underlined word “jeopardizes” is closest in meaning to________. A. harms B. introduces C. frees D. exchanges 39. According to experts, many parents are against late school starts mainly because_____. A. they tend to object to all decisions schools make B. they are afraid that homework time will be cut C. they fear students will get poor test results D. they doubt the advantages of enough sleep (B) Computers can beat world chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game, count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion, and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory, capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet, today’s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientists are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power. Computer language translation is called Machine Translation, or MT. While not perfect, MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry, technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases, such as “Your foot bone’s connected to your ankle bone, your ankle bone’s connected to your leg bone.” They can translate more difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Computers can also accurately translate “Wild thing, you make my heart sing!” into other languages because they can understand individual words, as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary. But highly sensitive types of translating, such as important diplomatic conversations, are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning, not logic, to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen (围养禽畜的圈),” because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times, computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used. In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines, computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the “experience” of translating. Even with these efforts, programmers admit that a “thinking” computer might not ever be invented in the future. 40. Computers today are capable of ________. A. defeating the best chess player in the world B. telling subtle differences between languages C. translating over 60 percent of difficult texts D. doing human-like common sense reasoning 41. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Computers can translate dry and difficult phrase. B. Computers can translate technical language. C. Computers can understand pre-programmed word. D. Computers can understand sensitive language. 42. To improve machine translation computer programmers are trying to ________. A. use powerful rule-programmed computers B. have computers compile translating dictionaries C. teach computers to think by practice D. add explanations of words in computer programs 43. The passage suggests that ________. A. the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raised B. it is impossible for computers to think as humans do C. only technical language is suitable for machine translation D. it is impossible to determine identical words Section C(4%) Directions: Rend the following passage Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you nerd. Water is a key ingredient in a healthy diet and lifestyle. There are many health benefits of drinking water. It helps flush impurities and toxins out of our systems. ____44____ In fact, nearly every system in our bodies relies on water for proper functioning. But what will happen if the water you drink every day is unhealthy? In past decades, concerns about tap water and its impact on overall health led some people to turn to bottled waters. You could pay to have a company deliver large bulky plastic bottles of water for the water cooler. Or you could purchase gallon jugs of distilled or “drinking water” at the grocery store. In recent years, there has been an explosion in the number of different bottled waters available, with big distributors such as Coke and Pepsi jumping on the bandwagon. But are bottled drinking waters like Coke’s Dasani brand, Pepsi’s Aquafina, or Wal-Mart’s store brand really any healthier than your tap water? ____45____ As we have learned more about the water we drink, the technology behind drinking water filters and purification systems has improved dramatically. There are filters to remove impurities, chemicals, heavy metals, bacteria and almost every contaminant you can think of. With the right size and filter combination for your specific home, your tap water can be exceptionally pure and healthy. ____46____ Although the initial cost of a whole house system usually amounts to several hundred dollars, that cost is often less than $100 a year if spread out over the life of the system. There may be additional expenses to replace carbon filters or lamps in an ultraviolet light water treatment device. These expenses can add another $100 or so to the annual cost of operating drinking water filters and purification systems. While some people may hesitate to spend so much each year for clean, safe drinking water, they are probably paying more for bottled drinking water. They understand that it is more expensive, but they are still willing to pay the extra money because bottled water is thought to be safer and healthier than filtered drinking water. ____47____ In reality, however, few bottled waters come from natural springs,and most of them use municipal tap water. A. Drinking water filtration systems have also become more affordable and easy to use. B. After all, bottled water is often marketed as “natural spring water” or “pure glacier water.” C. It aids in the delivery of oxygen and nutrients. D. And with a water filter, you at least know where the water you drink came from. E. Or would you be better off with a drinking water filtration system? F. So how do you tell if the water you are drinking is safe? 第Ⅱ卷 IV. Blank Filling (6%) Directions: Complete the following sentences with the given phrases in their proper forms. Each phrase can only be used once. refer to be ashamed of amount to be accustomed to be based on end up 48. After living in the city for years, now she _________ the constant noise and traffic. 49. He didn’t expect too much from the competition, but he _________ winning the first place. 50. After realizing how much his careless comments hurt his friend, he _________ his behavior and promised to be more mindful. 51. His constant excuses and lack of effort in completing the project _________ nothing more than an attempt to avoid responsibility. 52. The teacher frequently _________ the students’ previous assignments to explain how they could avoid common mistakes in the future. 53. The company’s current marketing strategies _________ extensive consumer research, focusing on understanding customer needs and preferences to deliver more effective advertising campaigns. V. Translation (14%) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 54. 他总是长时间地工作。（typical）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 上传文化活动到网上已经成为数字人类的日常惯例。(routine)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 56. 孩子们不禁钦佩这位科学家，他为保护环境做出了巨大贡献。(contribute)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 57. 对于参赛者而言，真正重要的不是获奖，而是参与其中并享受比赛的过程。(matter)(汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$