语法和发音汇总（知识清单）-2023-2024学年鲁科版(五四学制) (三起)英语四年级下册

鲁科版四年级下册语法汇总 一、现在进行时 1. 含义：表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 2. 基本结构：主语 + be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing形式 ---I’m cleaning my shoes. Jenny is cleaning the windows. ---What are you doing? ---I’m watering the flowers. ---What’s Wang Hong doing? ---She’s washing clothes. ---What are they doing? --- They’re climbing the hill. 3. 标志词： now, look, listen, 时间点 1) now Tom is watching TV now. 2) look Look! They’re cleaning the classroom. 3) listen Listen! The girl is playing the piano. 4) 时间点 It’s 10 o’clock now. Li Ming is making bread. 4. 动词ing形式的变化规律 1) 一般情况下直接+ing 2) 去掉不发音的字母e+ing make---making dance---dancing write---writing come---coming skate---skating 3) 双写末尾字母+ing shop---shopping run---running swim---swimming skip---skipping 5． 现在进行时的特殊疑问句(what引导) ---What are you doing? ---I’m cleaning the floor. ---What’s mum doing? ---She’s washing the dishes. ---What’s dad doing? ---He’s cleaning the kitchen. ---What are you cooking? ---I’m making bread. 6. 现在进行时的一般疑问句 1) ---Are you(你) cooking the meal? ---Yes, I am. No, I’m not. 2) ---Are you(你们) playing computer games? ---Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. 二、一般将来时 1. 含义：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态， 或将来某一时间段内经常的动作或状态，可翻译为“打算，将要”。 2. 基本结构： 主语 + be (am, is, are) going to + 地名/动词原形 ---I’m going to Beijing. ---Li Ming and Danny are going to learn kung fu. 3. 标志词：in the summer vacation, this summer, tomorrow 1) in the summer vacation Tom is going to swim in the summer vacation. 2) this summer We are going to Qingdao this summer. 3) tomorrow I’m going to the cinema tomorrow. 4. 一般将来时的特殊疑问句 1) 提问旅行目的地(where引导) ---Where are you going this summer? ---I’m going to Mount Taishan. 2) 提问旅行方式(how引导) ---How are you going to Mount Taishan? ---I’m going there by train. 3) 提问旅行活动安排(what引导) ---What are you going to do there? ---I’m going to see the sunrise. 5. 一般将来时的一般疑问句 ---Are you(你) going to travel? ---Yes, I am. No, I’m not. 三、动词的第三人称单数 (适用于一般现在时) 1. 适用范围---主语是he, she, it, 人名， my sister/your father 2. 变化规则 1) 规则变化直接+s plays listens climbs takes helps reads writes visits wants fits(It fits you well.) 2) 不规则变化 have --- has I have big eyes. He has small eyes. do --- does What does your mother do at the weekend? go --- goes My father often goes fishing at the weekend. It goes fast. watch --- watches Peter often goes to the cinema. Sometimes he watches TV. wash --- washes Jenny often goes shopping. Sometimes she washes clothes. 3. 特殊疑问句 ---What does your mother do at the weekend? ---She often goes shopping. Sometimes she goes to the cinema. ---What does Tom do at the weekend? ---He often reads books. Sometimes he plays computer games. 4. 一般疑问句(does引导) ---Does + 主语(三单) + often + 动词原形? ---Yes, he/she does. No, he/she doesn’t. ---Does Peter often wash clothes at the weekend? ---No, he doesn’t. ---Does Peter often play the violin? ---Yes, he does. 四、特殊疑问句 1. 特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子。 2. 特殊疑问词： where what whose how how old how many how much how about(=what about) 3. 回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes / no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。 4. 特殊疑问句读时使用降调。 例句： 1) where引导的特殊疑问句 ---Where are you from? ---I’m from Britain. ---Where’s he from? ---He’s from Australia. ---Where do you live? ---I live in Ottawa. ---Where’s dad? ---He’s in the kitchen. ---Where’s Danny? ---I’m here. ---Where are you going this summer? ---I’m going to Shanghai. 2) what引导的特殊疑问句 ---What are you doing? ---I’m cleaning my shoes. ---What’s Li Ming doing? ---He’s cleaning the door. ---What’s mum doing? ---She’s washing the dishes. ---What’s dad doing? ---He’s cleaning the kitchen. ---What are you cooking? ---I’m making bread. ---What do you want to eat? ---I want to eat jiaozi. ---What would you like? ---I’d like rice and potatoes. ---What would you like? ---A big pizza and two small cakes. ---What would you like for Monday? ---I’d like fish, rice and soup. --What do you do at the weekend? --I often visit my grandparents. Sometimes I go to the museum. ---What does your mother do at the weekend? ---She often goes shopping. Sometimes she goes to the cinema. ---What does your father do at the weekend? ---He often goes fishing. ---What does Danny usually do? ---He usually plays football. ---What does Guo Yang do at the weekend? ---He often plays the piano. Sometimes he listens to music. ---What are you going to do this summer? --- I’m going to visit Dalian. ---What are you going to do there? --- I’m going to swim in the sea. ---What are you going to do at the Shaolin Temple? ----I’m going to learn kung fu. ---What are you going to do on Mount Taishan? ---I’m going to see the sunrise. 3) whose引导的特殊疑问句 ---Whose coat is this? ---It’s Jenny’s. ---Whose jacket is that? ---It’s my jacket. 4) how引导的特殊疑问句 ---How are you? ---I’m fine, thank you / thanks. ---How are you going to Dalian? ---I’m going there by ship. ---How are you going to the Shaolin Temple? ---I’m going there by train. 5) how old引导的特殊疑问句 ---How old are you? ---I’m ten. 6) how many引导的特殊疑问句 ---How many monkeys can you see? ---I can see twenty monkeys. 7) how much 引导的特殊疑问句 ---How much is the sweater? (How much is it?) ---It’s fifty-eight yuan. ---How much are the shoes? (How much are they?) ---They’re one hundred yuan. (注意区分：单数用is，复数用are) 8) how about 引导的特殊疑问句 ---How about this toy bus? ---It’s too big. I want a toy car. ---How about this green one? ---- It’s nice. ---How about the fruit cake? ---Great! Grandma likes fruit. 9) what about 引导的特殊疑问句 ---I like spring. I often fly my kite. What about you? ---I like summer. I can go swimming. 五、一般疑问句 1. 汉语意思为“… 吗？” 2. 2种回答：肯定回答(Yes)和否定回答(No) 3. 读时使用升调 4. be动词、助动词(do/does)、情态动词引导的一般疑问句 1) be(am/is/are)动词引导的一般疑问句 ---Is he from the U.S.? ---No, he isn’t. ---Is she from India? ---Yes, she is. ---Are you cooking the meal, dad? ---Yes, I am. I’m cooking the chicken. ---Are you washing clothes, Danny? ---No, I’m not. ---Are you playing computer games? ---No, we aren’t. ---Are you going to travel? ---Yes, I am. 2）助动词(do/does) 引导的一般疑问句 ---Do you often do housework? ---Yes, I do. ---Do you often take pictures at the weekend? ---Yes, I do. ---Do you often climb the hill? ---Yes, I do. ---Do you have schoolbags? ---Yes, we do. / Sorry, we don’t. ---Does Tom often play computer games? ---No, he doesn’t. ---Does he often play the violin? ---Yes, he does. 3) 情态动词引导的一般疑问句 ---Shall we eat out? ---OK! Let’s go! ---Would you like some soup? ---Yes. Tomato soup, please. ---Would you like something to drink? ---Yes, I’d like some pear juice. / No, thanks. ---May I have a toy? ---OK! Let’s go and have a look! ---Can I help you? ---I’d / We’d like a birthday cake. ---Can you clean your shoes? ---Yes, I can. ---Can you clean the windows? ---No, I can’t. ---Can you cook? ---Sure. (Yes, I can.) 六、名词单复数 英语中的名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1. 可数名词能以数目来计算，既有单数形式也有复数形式。 单数形式：a/an … a toy a pizza 以元音发音开头的可数名词单数形式要用an an apple an art room an egg an elephant an email an English teacher an eraser an ice-cream an orange an umbrella 复数形式：1) 一般情况下+s emails pictures schoolbags erasers windows games noodles friends books cakes grandparents 2) 特殊变化：potato--potatoes, tomato--tomatoes, dish--dishes, country--countries 2. 不可数名词不能以数目来计算，一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式。 不可数名词：juice milk water tea coffee 七、固定搭配及用法 1. 几个介词的用法 1) in in + 大地点(如城市) I live in London. in + 月份 I’m going back to Canada in July. in + 季节 It’s hot in summer. in the sea 2) on on + 星期几 Let’s have a picnic on Saturday. on Mount Taishan What are you going to do on Mount Taishan? 3) at at + 小地点 at school at home at a restaurant at the Shaolin Temple at the weekend 4) from(来自) I’m from China. He’s from India. (be from来自…国家) 4) by(搭乘) by + 交通工具 by train/plane/ship/bike/car/bus 5) for It’s time for lunch. What would you like for Tuesday? 2. 情态动词(can, shall, would, may, will) + 动词原形 can + 动词原形 I can cook the meal. Can I help you? shall + 动词原形 Shall we eat out? would + 动词原形 Would you like something to drink? may + 动词原形 May I have a toy? will + 动词原形 It will snow in Harbin. 3. want + to do(动词不定式) I want to eat a banana. Mum wants to have tomato soup. 4. play的用法 1) play 直接加球类 play football play basketball play ping-pong 2) play + the + 乐器 play the violin play the piano play the drums play the erhu play the pipa 5. 人称代词 be动词 我 I am 你 you are 他 he is 她 she 它 it 我们 we are 你们 you 他们/她们/它们 they 口诀：我用am，你用are，is 跟着他她它，两个以上就用are。 6. 物主代词 我的 my 你的 your 他的 his 她的 her 我们的 our 你们的 your 7. 专有名词第一个字母大写 1) 人名 Li Ming Chen Xiaoming Miss Zhang 2) 地名 Canada Washington D.C. Beijing Hainan Mount Taishan the Shaolin Temple 3) 月份 June July August 4) 星期几 Monday --- Sunday 5) 学科 Chinese English PE 6) 其他 TV OK 鲁科版四年级下册发音汇总 一、辅音字母及字母组合的发音 1. j /dʒ/ jump juice June July 2. w /w/ well warm winter wear 3. y /j/ yes your year yellow y /ai/ July my by fly 4. s /z/ his please these Tuesday s /s/ something August fast famous 5. c /s/ nice rice face dance c /k/ cap call cold come 6. bl /bl/ blue black blow blood 7. br /br/ bread brother brown breakfast 8. cl /kl/ class clean climb cloudy cl /kl/ uncle circle 9. dr /dr/ draw driver drink drum 10. fl /fl/ fly floor flower flag 11. pl /pl/ plan please play plane pl /pl/ apple people (字母l的发音规律：位置不同，则发音不同) 二、元音字母(a e i o u)及字母组合的发音 1. a /æ/ apple schoolbag travel back a /ei/ cake make take face 2. e /i:/ we me he she e /e/ egg get bed help pen 3. i /ai/ bike time China violin i /i/ ship fit live picnic 4. o /əu/ go no home nose o /ɔ/ on often hot body 5. u /ju:/ music museum cute computer u /ʌ/ yum bus sunrise hundred 6. ai /ei/ rain tail wait train a /ei/ cake make take face 以上单词中字母组合ai和字母a发音相同/ei/ 7. ea /i:/ meal clean season cheap ea /e/ bread sweater breakfast weather 8. ee /i:/ see meet tree sheep 友情提示： 会读单词的基础上注意感受字母及字母组合在单词中的发音 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$