广东省广州市天河中学高中部2023-2024学年高二下学期期中能力考试英语试卷

1 广州市天河中学高中部 2023 学年第二学期能力考试 高二英语试卷 命题人：高二备课组 审题人：何焱 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共 10 页， 满分 150 分 考试用时 120 分钟 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节 阅读理解（共 10 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 A One day in Bronx, a first-grade teacher sat down in a barbershop for a haircut and one of his students walked in, sat down, and started looking restless. He thought to himself that it was a perfect opportunity to practice reading, a thought that changed Alvin Irby’s life, and he’s filling many barbershops around the US with free books to trim back childhood illiteracy(文盲). His non- profit, Barbershop Books, has delivered 50,000 free books to more than 200 barbershops in mainly black neighborhoods in 24 states, considering the fact that in Black American communities, barbershops are like community centers where people gather naturally. “So many kids associate reading with something you do in or for school,” he said. “If the only place a kid practices the piano is during a lesson, the progress will be slow. Our program is about getting kids to say three words: ‘I’m a reader.’” Irby’s program may seem straightforward but there’s a lot of thought behind it. He puts a colorful, kid-sized bookshelf in each shop, making it inviting to children. The books displayed are all carefully chosen based on recommendations from his target audience. The bookshelves display the covers of the books rather than the spines, helping kids who may be interested in reading seize the opportunity for themselves, whether they’re in the barber’s chair or they’re waiting on their dad or friend. And Irby involves the barbers in his mission — training them to engage kids about reading. “We want them to encourage kids to use the reading spaces,” he said. “Then they can talk to them about how they like reading, how funny a book was or tell them about another book another kid was reading.” 座位号 2 Denny Moe was the first barber to work with Irby. Moe had previously offered video games at his Harlem shop, to bring in extra income, but he was willing to quit that to help the community. “I decided to pay it forward by getting rid of the video games, putting books in here, just to get the kids’ minds going,” he said. “You want to make an impact.” “These books, I would say, have power,” 8-year-old boy Chance said. That’s what keeps Irby motivated. “I’m just excited that we get to create a safe space for boys to do something that’s really life changing,” he said. “That’s what I really believe reading is. It unlocks potential.” 1. Why does the program appeal to children? A. Because it expresses children’s requirements. B. Because it shows children’s characteristics. C. Because it protects children’s security. D. Because it considers children’s preferences. 2. What made Denny Moe give up the video games finally? A. His motive for attract more customers. B. His ambition to make a difference. C. His desire to make a big fortune. D. His hope of meeting different demands. 3. What is the best title for this passage? A. Black Kids, Potential Big Readers B. Free Books, Good Way to Pay Back C. Colourful Covers, Nice Try to Attract Kids D. Small Barbershops, Treasure House to Start Reading B Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail. Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes 3 her child’s hurriedly-made table as “Perfect!” even though it doesn’t stand still. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid. The trouble with failure-prevention methods is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when we don’t win. A child who’s not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t make the honor roll on the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation(慰藉), prize or say, “It doesn’t matter,” because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointment—and be helped to master it. Failure is never pleasant. It hurts grown-ups and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask “Why did I fail?” Resist the natural impulse (冲动) to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong and how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about asking. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill -chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems total can stimul ate fresh thinking, a change of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet, a friend of mine went for a professional company. She was turned down. “Would further training help” she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “You will never be a dancer”, he said, “You haven’t the body for it.” In such cases, the way to use failure is to examine the situation courageously, asking, “What have I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she’s both able and useful. Failure frees one to take risks because there’s less to lose. Often there is recovery of energy—a way to find new possibilities. 4. According to the passage, how does a person usually cover his failure up? A. He refuses to acknowledge that failure will eventually lead to growth. B. He’d rather praise than state the fact despite any apparent problems. C. He tries all the possible means to hide the truth from being revealed. D. He will take every opportunity to pronounce his natural right to fa il. 4 5. What’s the author’s assessment of failure vs. success? A. Comparatively speaking, success is a much better teacher. B. Failure teaches humans as much as success, if not any less. C. Everyone fails now and then, but they may not succeed at all. D. Success arouses fresh thinking, thus leading to further success. 6. By the example of the ballet student, the author tells us ________. A. It is natural for a failure to shift blame onto others. B. Failure enables someone to rethink their potential. C. Success paves the way to find new possibilities. D. In failure lies recovery where one has less to lose. C One long gray ship at the Port of Los Angeles is doing its part to combat climate change. On the ship, which belongs to Captura, a Los Angeles-based startup, is a system that takes into seawater and sucks out CO2, which can be used for various purposes or buried. The decarbonated (不含二氧化碳的) seawater is returned to the ocean, where it absorbs more CO2 from the atmosphere, in a small strike against the massive rise of the greenhouse gas. After a yearlong experiment, Captura is planning to open a 1000-ton-per-year facility that will bury the captured CO2 in rock formations under the North Sea. Equatic, another Los Angeles- based startup, is launching an even larger 3650-ton-per-year ocean CO2 capture plant this year in Singapore. Supporters say capturing CO2 from the ocean should be easier and cheaper than a seemingly more direct approach: extracting it directly from the air. Direct air capture, which relies on fans to sweep air past absorbent chemicals, currently costs between $600 to $1000 per ton of CO2 removed, largely because atmospheric CO2 is so thin, making up less than 0.05% of the air. Earth’s oceans, in contrast, hold the gas at a concentration nearly 150 times higher, and absorb roughly 30% of all CO2 emissions each year. Companies say they should ultimately be able to capture CO2 at $100 per ton, or less. Ocean capture advocates are seeking government support. In the US, direct air capture plants earn a $180 tax credit per ton of removed CO2, but Ocean efforts currently don’t qualify. “A similar 5 tax incentive (激励政策) for water-based CO2 removal is absolutely needed,” says Ruben Brands, CEO of Equatic. Even if the technology takes off, it will have to scale up massively to make a meaning contribution in offsetting (抵消) global emissions. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2050 we will need to remove some 5 billion tons of CO2 every year to limit the global temperature increase to 1.5℃. So far, the ocean capture companies are pulling out only thousands of tons. Matthew Eisaman, a chief scientist at Captura, says, “We have an enormous challenge ahead of us.” 7. How does the system in para. 1 work? A. It converts seawater into CO2. B. It releases CO2into the atmosphere. C. It absorbs seawater and extracts CO2. D. It stores decarbonated seawater on the ship. 8. What makes extracting CO2 from the ocean easier and cheaper? A. CO2 in seawater is more absorbent. B. CO2 is stored in solid form in seawater. C. CO2 in the ocean is more readily accessible. D. CO2 is naturally more concentrated in seawater. 9. What is the Ruben Brands’s attitude toward the new form of capturing technology? A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. 10. What would be the best title of the passage? A. Combining Ocean CO2 Capture with Air Capture B. Setting a New Example of Climate Change Solution C. Analyzing Ocean CO2 Capture against Climate Change D. Exploring Oceanic Solutions for Reducing CO2 Emissions 第二节 七选五（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，满分 15 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中两项为多余选项。 Adele’s new album, “30”, is finally available. Last month, hundreds of millions of us streamed its first single, “Easy On Me.” This song arouses feelings not easily put into words, but 6 we can probably agree it is a sad song. 11 Yet sad music does pull us in and lift us up. Let’s start with a biological theory. When we experience real-life loss, or empathize (体会) with another’s pain, certain hormones are released within us. 12 They do so by making us feel calmed and supported. Feeling Adele’s pain, or recalling our own, may cause such chemical changes within us. Psychologically, a key reason we enjoy sad songs is that they profoundly move us. Feeling moved can come from us suddenly feeling closer to other people. Indeed, when we have listened to “30”, we may turn to reaction videos to see how others feel. 13 And it boosts our feeling of being moved and triggers feelings of comfort and belonging. 14 Adele’s songs allow us to view the pleasure in terms of the meaning she helps us make. Adele takes hard life experiences and makes sense of them. This is what much sad art does. It takes the pain and suffering of the world and gives it meaning. As philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once put it, someone who has a way to live can bear almost any how. Ultimately, we listen to Adele’s songs when we want to recall, reflect, or belong. They let us feel her sadness, share our suffering, and connect with others. To all of us, Adele’s songs say: 15 A. You are not alone in your pain. B. Music speaks louder than words. C. These help us to tackle loss and pain. D. We can also think at the spiritual level. E. Few people are aware sad music makes us feel good. F. This lets us share an emotional experience with others. G. This may make us better prepared for when real loss strikes. 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 阅读短文，从短文后各题所给 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。 On the morning of my Ph. D. qualifying exam, I rolled out of bed, showered, and next came the makeup. I brushed on a layer of foundation and drew thick black lines around my eyes—a 16 that signified（表达）the courage I wanted to show during my presentation. Then I looked in the mirror. I felt confident— 17 to answer questions that would be thrown at me. It’s a way I found thanks to an unlikely 18 : a famous singer. 7 I’ve always 19 with being confident. As an undergraduate, I felt extremely 20 whenever I tried to answer questions from professors. Later, in graduate school, I especially 21 giving presentations about my research. 22 , I could find a solution that could build my confidence. The 23 came during the month before my qualifying exam when I appreciated the singer’s new song. As a fan, I noticed it sounded completely 24 . She had switched from her usual dance-pop to soft rock and country. I was 25 —why was she doing so? She was taking a huge professional 26 , but she was 27 in her music and herself. Her confidence got me thinking: Could I do something similar before I stepped on stage? I 28 the image I wanted my professional self to possess. I 29 myself wearing professional clothing and appropriate makeup. To me, makeup wasn’t a mask. It 30 courage and confidence. I first experimented with the 31 during a practice presentation at home. It was a great 32 . So I decided to give my new self a(n) 33 at my qualifying exam. When I walked into the exam room, I was happy to 34 I had newfound confidence. Sure. I was still nervous but I was able to answer questions without 35 . 16. A. prayer B. manner C. look D. greeting 17. A. sorry B. ready C. kind D. shy 18. A. inspiration B. meeting C. coincidence D. incident 19. A. connected B. combined C. compared D. struggled 20. A. excited B. nervous C. angry D. delighted 21. A. feared B. practiced C. forbade D. admitted 22. A. Legally B. Immediately C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately 23. A. reward B. dilemma C. outcome D. breakthrough 24. A. different B. professional C. famous D. normal 25. A. relieved B. embarrassed C. curious D. cautious 26. A. action B. side C. risk D. seat 8 27. A. confident B. interested C. honest D. expert 28. A. laughed at B. gave up C. commented on D. thought about 29. A. avoided B. imagined C. resisted D. missed 30. A. consumed B. represented C. covered D. replaced 31. A. principle B. advice C. hobby D. idea 32. A. start B. challenge C. future D. effort 33. A. meaning B. end C. go D. alternative 34. A. wish B. discover C. predict D. promise 35. A. judging B. speaking C. smiling D. trembling 第二节 语法填空（共 10 题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is a popular Chinese saying-“Guilin’s landscape is the best under heaven”. A city in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Guilin is one of the most popular tourism 36 (icon) in the country. In 2022, it attracted thousands of theater lovers with 37 (it) initial Guilin Festival, which took place from Dec 10 to 18. It is the third time that this annual festival 38 (hold) during this period. The festival burst into bloom both indoors and outdoors, 39 (feature) live performances and screening of theatrical productions from home and abroad. The festival is co-organized by the Central Academy of Drama. 40 (grand), the festival will offer a platform, 41 the Central Academy of Drama will play a key role, aiming 42 (promote) cultural exchange and the development of theater education. “The Guilin Festival was 43 unique success, attracting more than 10, 000 attendees from around the country and staging over 128 performances,” says Liu Xinglin, a professor at the Central Academy of Drama and the artistic 44 (direct) of Guilin Festival. “This year, the festival will continue to serve as a platform for global artists to communicate 45 a destination for theater lovers to enjoy a diversity of programs.” 9 II 卷 第三部分 基础知识（共四节，满分 40 分） 第一节 选词填空（共 10 题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 用所给单词的恰当形式填空。每个单词使用一次，每空填入一个单词。 Traveling can be a fantastic way for travelers to explore new places and broaden their horizons. Among these travelers, taking trips 46. __________ has become increasingly popular. They look forward to weekend trips where they can relax and enrich their lives. However, many find trip planning 47. __________ due to the numerous details that need to be considered. From 48. __________ the essential budgets to selecting the perfect accommodations and activities, people can feel overwhelmed by the whole process. That’s where travel agents prove their worth. These agents have access to a wide range of resources that travelers might not know about, such as special rates at hotels or local unknown 49. __________ with delicious food. These can save travelers’ time and money while allowing them to enjoy their trip. The agents offer expertise and convenience, 50. __________ there are some concerns. How 51. __________ it is when the obligatory (强制性的) shopping is often included in some package deals. Travelers should have the 52. __________ to decide whether and where to shop. If encountering this situation, travelers must possess the 53. __________ to refuse such practices. Travelers have their 54. __________ ideas of the ideal journey, and what matters most is enjoying it. If selecting a travel agent to arrange the trip, please distinguish their persuasive talk and choose the 55. __________ one. 第二节 短语填空（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 用所给短语的恰当形式填入下列句子，使其意义完整，有两个短语多余。 56. She decided that I was the ideal person to the job. 57. The houses where we lived __________ as the village suffered from a serious earthquake. 58.Technically this model its competitors. Therefore, it is well received by customers. 59.She brought rice out of the bag and showed it to me. freedom complicated respective superior joint weekly capacity calculate ridiculous whereas take over fall away be superior to have an urge to a handful of a flock of turn out 10 60.The English party which was organized by our class to be very successful. 第三节 补全句子（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据中文提示和所给的英文部分完成下列句子。 61. 很多学生站在体育馆前，等待着贵宾的到来。（完全倒装） ___________________________________, _____________ the arrival of the honored guests. 62.我们不能获得的东西似乎比我们已拥有的东西要好。（主语从句，宾语从句） ______________________________________seems better than _________________________________________. 63. 科幻小说被视为一面镜子，通过它，我们可以自由想象我们的未来。(定语从句) Science fiction is __________________, _____________our future_______________________. 64. 北京的标志性国家体育馆，也被称为“鸟巢”，能容纳 8 万人。 The iconic Beijing National Stadium, __________________, _____________________________. 65. 据报道，灾区目前正在修建许多房屋。 _____________________ many houses ____________________________ in the disaster area． 第四节 作文默写（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） This is a poem written by an Iraqi child. 66._________________________ Iraq is at war. The child’s father has gone to the battlefield for their freedom. Iraqi people are suffering a lot from the war. To a small child 67.__________________________________________________. They are longing for peace. 68.___________________________________________________________. 69.___________________________________ how much peace means to a country and its people. Though 70.________________________________________________________________. They have to be separated at the moment, however, they still share sincere hope in their mind. They believe the victory will belong to them. And they are looking forward to the day. 第四部分 书面表达（满分 30 分） 假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将举行唐诗交流会，你打算分享《悯农·其一》，请写 一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 介绍诗歌内容及思想感情； 2. 自己的劳动经历和感悟。 注意： 1. 词数 120 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。