新概念英语第三册 Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness 课堂笔记

Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness? 是本能还是机智 1、We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures （that do more harm than good定语从句）. We continually wage war on them,（for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops.原因状语从句） 我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。 · bring up 抚养，养育 = raise · regard A as B 把A看作B = see A as B · wage (n.) 薪水（周），工资 (v.)实行，进行 · wage （a war） on sb. 开始，进行（战争，运动等） eg. 没有国家愿意打核战争。 No country is willing to wage a nuclear war. 警方正向毒品分子开战。 The police are waging a war on the drug dealer. 向邻国开战 wage a war on the neighbouring country · contaminate （vt.） 弄脏，污染 eg. 饮用水被污染了。 Drinking water is contaminated. 他们正在污染我们年轻人的心灵。 They are contaminating our young persons’minds. · devour (vt.) 吞食（食物），吞噬，毁灭 eg. 她如饥似渴地读这本新的侦探小说。 She devoured this new detective story. 大火吞噬了大片森林。 The big fire devoured a huge area of forest. 2、They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless one like moths. 它们无缘无故地又叮又咬；夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。 · provocation (n.) 激怒，挑衅 · provoke (v.) 激怒（某人），挑衅 eg. 我不容易被激怒，但是这种行为无法容忍。 I am not easily provoked, but this behavior is intolerable. 如果你挑衅狗，它会咬你。 If you provoke the dogs, they will bite you. · provoke sb. into doing sth. 刺激某人做某事 eg. 他粗鲁的言论刺激我生气了。 His rude words/remarks provoked me into being angry. · uninvited 不受邀请的 （非谓语动词done，作定语，表被动，修饰they） · be in dread of 害怕 = be afraid of · not only… but… 不仅…而且… 3、Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion （when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch时间状语从句）. 阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。 · dispel (v.) 消除，驱散 eg. dispel one’s anger/rumour / worry · industrious (adj.) 勤奋的 = hard-working · prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 · revulsion (n.) 厌恶 eg. a sense of revulsion 厌恶感 · revolt (vt.) 厌恶 · be revolted by 对…感到厌恶 eg. 我很讨厌他随地吐痰的恶习。 I am extremely revolted by his bad habit of spitting. · hordes of 一大群，一大帮（贬） = a horde of = a band of eg. a horde of fans / shoppers / tourists · crawl (v.) 爬（向前爬），自由泳 climb (v.) 爬（向上爬） 4、No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction （which bees possess定语从句）, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating. We enjoy reading about them, especially （when we find （that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives时间状语从句/宾语从句）. 不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。 · uncanny (adj.) 异乎寻常的，神奇的 eg. The silence was uncanny. 静得异常。 一个神奇的巧合。 an uncanny coincidence 她的预测证明异乎寻常地准确。 Her predictions proved to be uncannily accurate. · possess (v.) 拥有 = own = have = be in possession of （be in the possession of 被…拥有） · sting stung stung 刺，蜇，叮 · at the same time 同时 = meanwhile = in the mean time · fascinating (adj.) 迷人的 = interesting fascinated (adj.) 感到着迷的 = interested be fascinated in … = be interested in… 对…非常感兴趣 · praying mantis 螳螂 · lead one’s life 过着…的生活 5、We enjoy staring at them, entranced （as they go about their business时间状语从句）, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle? 我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事，它们不知道（但愿如此）我们就在它们身边。当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢？ · stare (vi.) 盯着 · stare at sth. = fix one’s eyes on sth. · entrance (n.) 入口，进口 （v.）使某人着迷 · be entranced by 被…迷住 eg. 我被美丽的风景迷住了。 I was entranced by the beauty spot. · presence (n.) 在场 —— present (adj.) 在场的 · awe (n.) 敬畏[U] · be/stand in awe of sth./sb. 敬畏… eg. 她初见金字塔时，敬畏之感油然而生。 Her first view of the pyramids filled her with awe. 人们应该敬畏大自然。 People should be in awe of the nature. · pounce on 猛扑，突袭 · a column of 一列（军队） · triumphantly （adv.） 得意洋洋地 · bear = carry 携带 6、Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only （because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches原因状语从句）. 去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。 · sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花了…时间做某事 · sheltered (adj.) 远离危险的，不受坏事影响的 eg. 她在乡村过着不受影响的生活。 She leads a sheltered life in the countryside. · shelter (n.) 避难所 · be proud of 以…自豪、骄傲 · occasionally (adv.) 偶尔，有时候 = sometimes = once in a while · luscious (adj.) 美味多汁的 = delicious and juicy eg. luscious water melon/ fruit 美味多汁的西瓜/水果 a glass of luscious wine 一杯甘醇的红酒 7、During the summer, I noticed （that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither宾语从句）. Clusters of tiny insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a large colony of ants （which obtained a sort of honey from them定语从句）. I immediately embarked on an experiment（which, even though if failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours）. 到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎，结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。 · wither (v.) 枯萎，凋谢 · clusters of 一丛，一簇 = a cluster of eg. a cluster of flowers / tall buildings / people · a (large) colony of 一（大）群（生活或生长在同一地方的植物或动物） · embarked on 开始从事 · get rid of 除去，摆脱 8、I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids. The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it. For a long time. I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. 我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地（同时惊奇地）发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。 · bound (v.) 捆，扎，绑 = tie · watch sb. doing sth. （感官动词的表达） · scurry (v./n.) 小步疾跑 · bewilderment (n.) 困惑，迷惘 · swarm (v./n.) 蜂拥，聚集 9、I got up early next morning hoping to find （that the ants had given up in despair宾语从句）. Instead, I saw （that they had discovered a new route宾语从句）. They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly （that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity宾语从句）. The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods! 第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试，结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。它们正在顺着房子的外墙往上爬，然后爬上树叶。我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法！ · ingenuity (n.) 别出心裁，独具匠心，足智多谋，心灵手巧 · ingenious (adj.) 别出心裁的，具有独创性的，奇妙的 · completely = thoroughly (adv.) 完全地 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$