Lesson51 predicting the future 知识清单讲义-2024-2025学年新概念第三册

Lesson 51 Predicting the future 预测未来 1、Predicting the future is notoriously difficult. Who could have imagined, in the mid 1970s, for example,（that by the end of the 20th century, computers would be as common in people's homes as TV sets?宾语从句） In the 1970s, computers were common enough, but only in big business, government departments, and large organizations. 众所周知，预测未来是非常困难的。举个例子吧，在20世纪70年代中叶又有谁能想得到在20世纪末的时候，家庭用的计算机会像电视机一样普遍？在70年代，计算机已经相当普及了，但只用在大公司，政府部门和大的组织之中。 · 非谓语动词doing在句子中作主语时，可以和to do 互换。 eg. Predicting the future is… = To predict the future is… eg. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实 = To see is to believe. · predict (v.) 预测，预言 · notorious (adj.) 臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的 notoriously (adv.) 出了名地 · be famous for 因…而出名（褒义） 反：be notorious for 因…而出名（贬义） eg. 这个城市因空气污染而出名。 This city is notorious for air pollution. · for example 举个例子 = for instance · as common as 和…一样寻常（原级比较） 2、These were the so-called mainframe machines. Mainframe computers were very large indeed, often occupying whole air-conditioned rooms, employing full-time technicians and run on specially-written software. （Though these large machines still exist让步状语从句）, many of their functions have been taken over by small powerful personal computers, commonly known as PCs. 它们被称为主机。计算机主机确实很大，常常占据了装有空调的多间房间，雇用专职的技师，而且得用专门编写的软件才能运行。虽然这种大计算机仍然存在，但它们的许多功能已被体积小但功能齐全的个人电脑——即我们常说的PC机——所代替了。 · so-called （adj.） 所谓的 · mainframe machine 主机 · full-time 全职 part-time 兼职 · technician (n.) 技术员 · run on 继续进行 · take over 接管，接替 3、In 1975, a primitive machine called the Altair, was launched in the USA. It can properly be described as the first ‘home computer' and it pointed the way to the future. This was followed, at the end of the 1970s, by a machine called an Apple. 1975年，美国推出了一台被称为“牛郎星”的原始机型。严格地说起来，它可以被称为第一台“家用电脑”，而且它也指了今后的方向。70年代末，在牛郎星之后又出现了一种被称为“苹果”的机型。 · primitive (adj.) 原始的 (n.)原始人 —— 反：modern eg. 原始文化/ 习俗 / 部落 primitive cultural/ customs/ tribes · launch (v.) (1) 发射，送上轨道 eg. launch a torpedo/ satellite 发射鱼雷/卫星 (2) 使（船）下水 eg. launch a new warship 使军舰下水 救生船马上派出去救这四个人。 The lifeboat was launched immediately to save/rescue the four people. (3) 发起，发行，推出 eg. 一年前发起了这项计划。 This plan was launched a year ago. 这家公司下个月将推出一种新的型号。 This company will launch a new type next month. · This was followed by… 紧接着，紧跟着 4、In the early 1980s, the computer giant, IBM produced the world's first Personal Computer. This ran on an ‘operating system' called DOS, produced by a then small company named Microsoft. The IBM Personal Computer was widely copied. From those humble beginnings, we have seen the development of the user-friendly home computers and multimedia machines （which are in common use today定语从句）. 80年代初，计算机行业的王牌公司美国国际商用机器公司（IBM）生产出了世界上第一台个人电脑。这种电脑采用了一种被称为磁盘操作系统（DOS）的工作程序，而这种程序是由当时规模不大的微软公司生产的。IBM的个人电脑被大规模地模仿。从那些简陋的初级阶段，我们看到了现在都已普及的、使用简便的家用电脑和多媒体的微机的发展。 · giant (adj.) 巨大的 (n.) 巨人，巨兽 · 非谓语动词called，produced，named，作定语，表被动 · humble (adj.) （指人）低下的，卑微的 —— 反：noble (adj.) 高贵的 （指物）简陋的 —— 反：luxury (adj.) 奢侈的 eg. a humble occupation 卑微的职业 a men of humble birth 出生卑微的人 a humble house 简陋的房子 a humble meal 简餐 · multimedia （n.）多媒体 5、Considering （how recent these developments are宾语从句）, it is even more remarkable（that as long ago as the 1960s, an Englishman, Leon Bagrit, was able to predict some of the uses of computers [which we know today主语从句）定语从句]. 想一想这些发展的时间多么短，就更觉得英国人莱昂.巴格瑞特有着非凡的能力。他在60年代就能预言我们今天知道的计算机的一些用途。 · 非谓语动词Considering作状语 （1）= Because we consider…（原因状语从句） （2）= When we consider…（时间状语从句） · as long as 和…一样长 as long ago as 早在…，追溯到… 6、Bagrit dismissed the idea （that computers would learn to ‘think' for themselves and would ‘rule the world'同位语从句）,（which people liked to believe in those days非限定性定语从句）. 巴格瑞特根本不接受计算机可以学会自己去“思考”和计算可以“统治世界”这种想法，而这种想法是当时的人们都愿意相信的。 · dismiss (v.) 解雇 = fire 反：hire (v.) 雇用 = employ · dismiss(v.) 不考虑，不采纳 7、Bagrit foresaw a time（when computers would be small enough to hold in the hand时间状语从句）,（when they would be capable of providing information about traffic jams and suggesting alternative routes时间状语从句）,（when they would be used in hospitals to help doctors to diagnose illnesses时间状语从句）,（when they would relieve office workers and accountants of dull, repetitive clerical work）. 巴格瑞特预示有一天计算机可以小到拿在手上，计算机可以使办公室人员和会计免除那些枯燥、重复的劳动。 · foresee (v.) 预见 = predict · fore-前缀： eg. forehead, fortell, foresight, foretaste… · alternative (adj.) 其他更好的 ，(n.) 选择 eg. alternative energy sources 新能源，替代能源 · diagnose (v.) 诊断 · relieve (v.) 缓解，使宽松 relieved (adj.) 如释重负的 —— 反：unsettled 不安的(adj.) · dull (adj.) 枯燥的 = monotonous · repetitive (adj.)重复的 —— repeat (v.) 重复 · clerical (adj.) 办公室文书工作的 —— clerk (n.) 职员 8、All these computer uses have become commonplace. Of course, Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, the worldwide system （that enables us to communicate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using computers定语从句）linked to telephone networks. 计算机的所有这些功能现在都变得很平常。当然了，莱昂.巴格瑞特根本没有可能预测到国际交互网——就是把计算机连结到电话线路上，以便和世界上任何一个地方的人立即进行联系的一个世界范围的通讯系统——的发展。 · commonplace (adj.) 平庸无奇的 Exercise : (1)Not only D to stay athome, but he was also forbidden to meet his family. A. he was forcing B. he was forced C.was he forcing D.was he forced (2)Never before C met such a serious situation, I am at a loss what to do. A. did I B. was I C. have I D. shall I (3)Little B about his own health though he was badily ill. A.he cared B.did he care C. does he care D. he cares (4)Seldom D to see his parents although he lives so close to them. A. he goes B. he went C. did he go D. does he go 9、Nor could he have foreseen（how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject宾语从句）, so we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well （if we want to条件状语从句）. 他也无法预测到我们可以利用国际交互网获取有关任何已知专题的信息，以便在家里的屏幕上阅读，如果愿意的话甚至可以将其打印出来。 · 否定词置于句首，句子部分倒装。 Exercise: （1） If she had worked harder, she D . A. would succeed B. had succeeded C.should succeed D. would have succeeded （2）The rice C if you had been more careful. A. would not be burning B. would not burn C.would not have been burnt D.would not burnt （3）If my lawyer A here last Saturday, he me from going. A.had been , would have prevented B.had been, would prevent C.were, would prevent D.were, would have prevented 10、Computers have become smaller and smaller, more and more powerful and cheaper and cheaper. This is（what makes Leon Bagrit's predictions particularly remarkable表语从句）. If he, or someone like him, were alive today, he might be able to tell us （what to expect in the next fifty years宾语从句）. 计算机已经变得体积越来越小，功能越来越多，价格越来越低，这就是莱昂.巴格瑞特的预测非凡的地方。如果他或是像他的什么人今天还活着的话，他大概可以告诉我们下一个50年后会发生什么事情。 if引导的非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 从句 主句 did/were would /could/should/might do had done would have done could have done should have done might have done Supplementary exercises: · All the signs an early resumption of the war. A. point at B. point C.point out D. point to 解析：正确答案 D 所有的迹象都表明，战斗不久即将开始。 A. point at 指着具体的东西； B. point 指着； C. point out 指出，指明； D. point to 指向。 （point to一般用于距离较远的事物或方向，也表明抽象概念 “表明，显示”。） 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$