图表类作文应用文学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习

图表类应用文 新高考应用文写作（俗称“小作文”）的体裁越来越不局限于单纯的书信等应用文体。报刊投稿、宣传稿、新闻报道、人物描写和叙事短文在近几年的新高考卷、浙江卷和全国卷中开始出现。对于各种文体的写作，同学们在备考中要做好充分准备才能有效应对。 图表类应用文写作属于记叙文+议论文的写作范畴，写作时要紧扣图表数据进行叙述并展开议论。同时要做到主题鲜明，内容清楚，并且注意结构的完整性。通常写作结构为：      第一段：描述图表主题及内容      第二段：分析图表的深层含义、原因和影响      第三段：阐述个人观点或态度 图表式写作描述数据变化的三种方法 方法一：横向对比 描述这种图表需要对比各数据间的差别，主要以数值、倍数、排列等方式来描述。 方法二：纵向说明 只要指出不同单位之间的比较，描述如何增减，增减幅度如何，反映出什么问题就可以了。 方法三：纵向、横向均有的说明 这种图表不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。 恰当发挥: 和提纲作文一样，图表类作文的最后也要总结全文的观点，根据图表内容给出相应的建议或者评价，这一点类似于社会问题型写作的结尾。 这是让考生自主发挥的部分，更是短文最精彩的部分。考生在表述观点时，可以引用人们普遍的观点，也可表达自己独到的见解。借题发挥时，不可偏离主题，不必作更多的解释或说明，只要把观点表述清楚即可。 提分必背句式 1、首段常用语 ① In order to ..., a survey has been carried out about ... ，the results are clearly presented in the chart/diagram and are as follows. 为了......, 一项关于......的调查最近被实施，其结果在图表上清晰可见，要点如下。 ② This diagram points out a serious problem which needs to be taken seriously. 这份图表指出了一个我们必须要重视的问题。 ③ It is clear that the chart implies a common phenomenon in our society today. 这份图表明显暗示了当今社会存在的一种普遍现象。 2、主体部分常用语 ① As can be seen from the diagram, the majortity of the people interviewed ... ,while some ... , and the rest ... 正如图表所示，大多数接受采访者......同时有一些......其余的人...... ② Many factors contributed to this situation. For one thing, it is ... that accounts for .... For another, there are other factors, including ... 许多因素导致这种现象。一方面，正是......对......作出解释。另一方面，还有其它的因素，包括...... ③ According to the information mentioned, we can safely draw the conclusion that ... 按照上述信息，我们可以得出以下结论 ...... 3、结尾常用语 ① Therefore, from my perspective, effective measures should be taken to solve the problems. From example, ... 因此，在我看来，我们应该采取有效措施来解决这些问题。例如...... ② What calls for our collective attention is that immediate measures should be taken to solve this problem as soon as possible. 模板 As is shown in the(pie/bar)chart/graph/diagram/table, most _______(图表所反映的主题). Surprisingly, most of the surveyed _______. Only a few ________. And those who _______ are in the minority.(描述图表信息). 或者：Recently, we have made a survey about _______(调查的主要内容)among ... in ... According to the survey, ...% /Most of the ... surveyed _______, while _______ % _______ and the rest _______.(描述图表信息). we can conclude (that)most of ... _______(图表所反映的主要现象). Many factors contribute to this situation. First of all, due to _______(原因一). Secondly, _______(原因二). Thirdly, _______(原因三)/Other factors, such as _______(其他原因). Therefore, in my opinion, effective measures should be taken to solve the problems. Most importantly, _______. Besides, _______. What’s more, _______. (提出具体建议). 图表类表达 图/数据 graph/chart/ table/picture// data/ figures 占比 account for/ take up/ occupy 多达 amount to/ add up to/ sum up to/ reach 据表可得 From the data/ results above, it can be concluded/ estimated/ inferred that… As is shown/revealed by the graph, … It can be seen from the picture that… 倍数表达 The figure of ... is about twice as much as that of … 分析数据差异及变化趋势时常用的词汇： （1）表示上升或增加的：rise, increase, go up （2）表示下降或减少的：decrease, fall, reduce, decline, drop, go down （3）表示变化特点的：sharply 急剧地，quickly 迅速地，rapidly 快速地，dramatically 戏剧性地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地 表示“说明”的常用句式 1． As we can see from the chart／graph / table／diagram,…从图表中可以看出…… 2．The chart／graph / table／diagram shows／displays that,…如图所示…… 3．As can be shown in／According to the chart／graph / table／diagram,…如图所示…… 4．The figures／statistics in the chart reflect／show／reveal that… 5．The chart／graph／table／diagram illustrates／describes…图表描述了…… 6．It is clear／apparent from the chart／graph / table／diagram that…从图表我们可以清楚地看到…… 表示“数据”的常用句式 1．…had the largest percentage／proportion of… ……在……方面具有很大的百分比。 2．…account (s) for／take (s) up 10％.……占有10％。 3．Compared with A, B has a higher percentage. 与A相比，B有更高的比例。 4．On the top of the list is…, which accounts for 60％.占比重最高的是……，占60％。 5．At the bottom is…, which takes up 20％.占最低比重的是……，占20％。 6．A is second to B. A仅次于B。 原因表达：具体原因 · The reason why ... is that... · In the first place, this trend is bound up with（与...有密切关系)... · In addition, we must admit that this tendency/situation also has a lot to do with ... · Moreover, it must be stressed that the present situation, to a certain degree, stems from…. · ... is another significant factor that cannot be ignored. · Finally, we may notice that ... also plays a positive roles in leading to this phenomenon. 原因表达：总领句 · There are many factors that may account for this result, but the following are the most typical ones. · Three major factors / reasons give rise to the situation/ phenomenon mentioned above. · What gives rise to the situation / phenomenon can be summarized as follows. · It is of no difficulty to come up with some possible factors for these changes. · What accounts for this situation? At least, for my part, three factors contribute to it. linking word衔接词 我认为：As far as I'm concerned/ From my perspective/ From my proint of view ... 第一点/首先： first and foremost/ first of all/ to begin with 第二/三点/其次再者：in addition/ additionally/ moreover/ furthermore/ besides/ in the meantime/ similarly/ above all 因此/结果：therefore/ consequently/ as a result 转折：however/ on the contrary/ by contrast/ 总结：In conclusion /to sum up / in summary 应用实践 1．（2024·全国·模拟预测）近期，你校英文报就你校高中生每日英语口语练习时间做了调查，请你结合图表信息写一篇调查报告。内容包括： 1. 描述调查结果；2. 陈述你的看法；3. 发出倡议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（2024·辽宁·一模）你校英文报近期开展了以“Which Matters More—Major or University?”为题的调查。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文并投稿，内容包括： 1. 调查结果描述;2. 观点分析;3. 你的看法。 注意： 1. 词数80左右; 2. 短文题目已给出。 Which Matters More-Major or University? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 A survey on the time students spend practising spoken English daily was carried out by our school’s English newspaper. And it has been found that 59% of the students devote less than 30 minutes to  spoken English practice . Students sparing over 30 minutes to practise account for 22%. Additionally, there’re 19% of students reporting no daily oral practice. It is encouraging to see that a majority of students engage in regular spoken English exercises  . However, there’s still a good portion of students who do not prioritize oral practice at all. Therefore, further efforts should be made to raise awareness of the importance of sufficient spoken English practice. 【解析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生结合图表信息写一篇高中生每日英语口语练习时间的调查报告。 【详解】1.词汇积累 调查：survey→investigation另外：additionally→moreover 然而：however→nevertheless因此：therefore→hence 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Students sparing over 30 minutes to practise account for 22%. 拓展句：Students who spare over 30 minutes to practise account for 22%. 【点睛】[高分句型1] And it has been found that 59% of the students devote less than 30 minutes to spoken English practice. (运用了it做形式主语，that引导主语从句) [高分句型2] However, there’s still a good portion of students who do not prioritize oral practice at all. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句) 【范文】 Which Matters More-Major or University? Generally speaking, both major and university play vital roles in senior high students’ academic perfomances and career paths. Recently, a survey was conducted about which matters more, one’s major or university. As it turned out, 48 percent believe the university plays a more important role in shaping their future. With access to academic training, lectures and experiences of different clubs in university, an excellent university brings many unseen benefits. However, 33 percent argue one’s major matters more. After all, different majors will lead to different career paths which ultimately contribute to different incomes. Still, 19% have ambiguous thoughts yet. Personally, I believe our life is not necessarily determined by them. Individual development is closely related to our overall performance in the university. 【解析】本篇书面表达属于图表作文。要求考生以“Which Matters More—Major or University?”为题，用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文并投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 实施：conduct→carry out重要：matter→count 重要的：important→vital最终：ultimately→finally 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：With access to academic training, lectures and experiences of different clubs in university, an excellent university brings many unseen benefits. 拓展句：An excellent university brings many unseen benefits because the students have access to academic training, lectures and experiences of different clubs in university. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Recently, a survey was conducted about which matters more, one’s major or university. (运用了which引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] After all, different majors will lead to different career paths which ultimately contribute to different incomes. (运用了which引导定语从句) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$