不定式的用法专题讲练-2025届高三英语一轮复习

不定式to do用法专题讲练 句中感知 读下列句子，判断不定式在句中所作的成分 1. It is hard/tough to give a precise definition.  2. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well. 3. During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.  4. China's Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the men's 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games in Athens on August 27.  5. The main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.  6. Art allows us to escape the harsh(残酷的) reality. 精讲精学 1、 定义及形式 1. 不定式是___________的一种，一般表示___________或___________等含义，在句中作___________、___________、___________、___________、___________、___________等成分。 2. 一般形式：to do 被动形式：___________ 完成形式：___________ 否定形式：___________ 二、核心考点 1．不定式作主语 (1)不定式作主语时，表示某一次的具体动作或将来的动作，谓语动词常常用单数。 To enter a good university for further study is my goal now. 进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。 ★(2)不定式作主语时多用it作形式主语，用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”结构中。 It’s necessary for us to help those in need.我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。 2．不定式作宾语 ★(1)某些动词后许跟不定式作宾语: intend to do sth 打算做某事 plan to do sth 计划做某事 expect to do 期待做某事 pretend to do sth 假装做某事 decide to do sth决定做某事 manage to do sth 设法做某事 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 promise to do sth 许诺做某事 attempt to do sth 企图/试图做某事 fail to do sth 未能做某事 afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 tend to do sth 倾向于做某事 aim to do sth 旨在做某事 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 The teacher decided to pretend to have known what the boys had done. He chose not to ask the boys but expected to be told everything. 老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。 ★(2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的不定式宾语后置。 He feels/thinks it important to learn English well, but finds it difficult to remember the words.他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。 3．不定式作表语 （1）不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。 My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。 The aim of the talent show is to enrich students’ extra-curricular activities.这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。 4．不定式作定语 (1)不定式与其所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 I have so many clothes to wash today. 我今天有许多衣服要洗。  We have no houses to live in. 我们没有房子住。 ★(2)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the last, the only，the next等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。 John is always the first one to come up with a good idea. 约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。 ★(2)某些抽象名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan，decision, attempt 等，一般用不定式作后置定语。 I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here. 有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。 5．不定式作状语 ★(1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。 I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning. 我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。 (2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于too...to...，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only to do常表示出乎意料的结果。 We hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left. 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。 Every time I prepare for an important examination, I will be too anxious to fall asleep.每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。 (3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作原因状语。 I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday.我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。 6．不定式作宾补 ★(1)有些动词需要用不定式作宾语补足语： ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事 expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 cause sb to do sth 造成某人做某事 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 get sb to do sth 让某人做某事 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 call on sb to do sth 号召某人做某事 I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日聚会。 (2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。 I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently.我经常听到这个女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。 7. be+adj.+to do结构 ★be+adj.+to do结构中不定式与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表被动意义；如果不定式的动词是不及物的，要在不定式后边加介词。 The pen is smooth to write with. 这支钢笔写起来很流畅。 The question is easy to answer. 这问题容易回答。 高考真题及名校联考题专练 1. (2024全国I卷)These sepals(萼片) open on warm days_________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2. (2024全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend________(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. 3. (2023全国Ⅰ卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether _________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 4. (2023全国I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them __________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 5. (2022全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step _________ (journey ) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 6. (2022全国乙卷) _________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, _________(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 7. (2021全国甲卷) It is possible _________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 8. (2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 9. (2020全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e－4 _________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole－Aitken basin. 10. (2020全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy _________ (care) for and make great presents. 11. (2020全国Ⅲ卷) The next morning he hired a boat and set out _______ (find) the well-known painter. 12. (2019全国Ⅰ卷) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________(perform) consistently over a large area. 13. (2019全国Ⅲ卷) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _______ (get) there. 14. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 15. (2019全国Ⅲ卷) Now my dream is___________ (open) a cafe. 16. (2018全国Ⅰ卷) You don’t have to run fast or for long _______ (see) the benefit. 17. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________ (improve) water quality. 18. (2018全国Ⅲ卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ______ (stay) and watch. 19. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 20. (联考题)Mark hurried to the booking office, only ___________(find) that all the ticket had been sold out. Key: 1. to give(作目的状语) 2. to catch(作宾语tend to do sth倾向于做某事) 3. to bite(作宾语decide to do sth) 4. to be lifted(作宾补allow sb to do sth被动形式用allow sb to be done) 5. to journey(作后置定语) 6. To strengthen(作目的状语)；inviting(现在分词作状语) 7. to walk(It is possible to do sth) 8. to have(作宾语aim to do sth 旨在做某事) 9. to find(作目的状语) 10. to care(be+adj.+to do) 11. to find(作目的状语) 12. to perform(be+adj.+to do) 13. to get(It takes 时间to do sth) 14. to retire(作后置定语) 15. to open(作表语) 16. to see(作目的状语) 18. to stay(作宾补allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事) 19. to require(作主补require sb to do sth要求某人做某事被动形式sb be required to do sth) 20.to find(结果状语，表出乎意外的结果) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$