Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 知识点 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural disasters Reading and thinking 2 02 01 语言能力 学习能力 了解并能正确描述唐山大地震的基本信息。 掌握报告文学的特点、能分析文章结构、了解修辞手法(repetition反复、拟人persinification、meterphor暗喻、simile明喻)及根据上下文猜测词义。 03 思维品质 通过感受灾难面前人们相互支援的人道主义精神和人类面对灾难不屈不挠的精神，思考人与社会、人与自然之间的关系。 Mind map The world were coming to an end time damage dead or injured people people’s suffering 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake loss caused damages more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century severity crack rocks city 8 kilometers long and 30 meters wide cut across houses, roads and waterways result became rivers of dirt lay in ruins children number left without parents 400,000 two thirds of the people who lived there 地震的威力及其影响 报告文学（literary journalism) 要遵循真实性原则 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 Careful reading Para. 3 Part2(P2--3)：during the earthquake damage Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. 2mins 1. Find topic sentence. 2. What does“its”refer to? 3. What does the word“bricks”mean? n. 废墟；毁灭 Vt.毁灭；使破产 指代关系：上溯1-2句 A. a kind of wood used for building walls, houses, etc. B. a kind of grass used for building walls, houses, etc. C. a hard block(块) of baked clay used for building walls, houses, etc. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing_1___ ruins. Nearly everything in the city_______2_______(destroy) . About 75 percent of the city’s___3____（ factory) and buildings, 90 percent of__4_(it) homes, and all of its hospitals were__5__(go). Bricks covered the ground like red autumn___6___(leaf) , but no wind could blow them away but was destroyed factories its gone leaves nothing but “只有；只不过；仅仅”. there be nothing to do but do “除了做......无事可做”. almost destroy---destruction--destructive adj.不复存在；一去不复返 吹走；刮走 survive----survivor simile明喻 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 5 1. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing in ruins. 地点状语 There be句型 返回 2.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves , but no wind could blow them away. blow away them 返回 主 谓 宾 状 主 谓 宾 1. Everywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but ruins. 【语法】 everywhere作_____，意为_________，引导__________ [仿写] 无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。 __________________________________________ 【句型】there was nothing but…__________________________________, but是________, 表示____________________. 2. About 75 percent of the city’s factorand buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. 【分析】本句是一个_____________(简单/复杂)句，其主语为______________________________________________________________________________. 除了…之外，什么都没有 连词 无论哪里 地点状语从句 Everywhere she goes，she receives a warm welcome. 介词 除…之外 简单 About 75 percent of the city’s factorand buildings 90 percent of its homes all of its hospitals 最后一句话旨在引导学生进一步思考人与自然之间的关系，提高学生的自我保护意识。这一部分提示学生凌晨三点这一时间，与后一段进行承接。 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 1._____________n.电；电能 2. _______vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱 3.___________vt.埋葬；安葬4.____________vi.&vt.呼吸 5.____________vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒6.____________n.振兴；复苏 7.___________n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力8.___________vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体 9._______________n.智慧；才智 electricity trap bury breathe revive revival effort unify wisdom 拼读单词 利用思维导图复述文章:2min Most bridges had fallen or were not safe_____1___(cross) . The railway tracks were now___2__(use) pieces of metal. Tens of thousands_3_ cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were___4__(die) . Sand now filled the wells instead__5__ water. People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon，another big quake___6__(shake) Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water,food,and electricity were hard ___7__(get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. to cross useless of dead of shook to get use--useful---useless adj.死去的；枯萎的；deadly adj.致命的； dying垂死的 rather than 震惊；吃惊be shocked at/by--shocking shake---shook---shaken 主 系 表 除了…之外，什么都没有： 不复存在；（人）离开了： 把…吹走/驱散： 铁路轨道： 废金属块： 数万个/头…: 数十万个/头/只： 数百万个/头/只： 代替；作为…的替换： 震惊；吃惊： 倒塌；跌倒： 开始疑惑： 课文短语 ～第三段 there was nothing but… be gone blow… away railway tracks useless pieces of mental tens of thousands of… hundreds of thousands of millions of instead of… in shock fall down begin to wonder rather than fall--fell-- fallen use--useful--useless there be nothing to do but do “除了做......无事可做”. 3. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. 4. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. 【句型】上面两个句子都使用了主语+be +________________________句型，其中不定式用_________形式表示_________意义。 【练习】这本书很难理解。 _____________________________________________________________________________ adj.+ to do 不定式 主动 被动 长难句分析 The book is difficult to understand. It is difficult to understand the book. 最后一句话旨在引导学生进一步思考人与自然之间的关系，提高学生的自我保护意识。这一部分提示学生凌晨三点这一时间，与后一段进行承接。 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 5. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 one hundred one thousand ten thousand one hundred thousand one million 数字表达法：具体数字两无，无s无of, 模糊数字两有，有s有of 数 以 … 计 thousands of hundreds of tens of thousands of hundreds of thousands of millions of 最后一句话旨在引导学生进一步思考人与自然之间的关系，提高学生的自我保护意识。这一部分提示学生凌晨三点这一时间，与后一段进行承接。 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 1. It seemed as if the world____________________! 2. Hard hills of rock___________________. 3. Bricks covered the ground____________________. No wind, however, could blow them away. were coming to an end became rivers of dirt like red autumn leaves Can you find sentences that show the extreme damage of the earthquake? exaggeration(夸张) metaphor (隐喻) simile(明喻) Figure of speech(修辞)? People felt___________ . frightened shocked helpless hopeless heartbroken… to make the description vivid(生动的) and impressive. 14 earlier buildings transport gone factories and buildings bridges fallen railway tracks useless pieces of metals dead cows necessity most buildings hard to get food water electricity fell down pigs chickens tens of thousands of hundreds of thousands of millions of not safe to cross 75 percent homes 90 percent hospitals all like red autumn leaves but no wind could blow them away Mind map There was nothing but ruins bricks animals later that afternoon People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. hopeless Attitude 地震惨状及余震 报告文学（literary journalism) 要遵循真实性原则 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 If winnter comes,can spring be far behind? ——Shelley 如果冬天来临，春天还会远吗？ —— 雪莱 1.”All hope was not lost.” A. None of the hope was lost. B. There was no hope at all. C. Not all hope was lost 2. “The city began to breathe again.” A. Slowly, the wind began to blow in the city. B. Slowly, the people in the city began to breathe. C. Slowly, the city began to come to life. Read Para.4and choose the right answer. Careful reading Careful reading Part3(P4--5)：after the earthquake rescue&revival Para. 4 1. How did the city begin to breathe? 2. Who came to this city? hopeful Hope was not lost ! attitude The army... Doctors and nurses... Workers... But hope was not lost. Soldiers Doctor & nurses Workers dig out the trapped/bury the dead hopeful Supporting details Para. 4 Slowly, the city began to breathe again. personification To make the language vivid and expressive; To resonate with readers provide medical services build shelters for survivors result rescue The night the earth didn’t sleep Attitude Why? A series of actions bring hope to the earthquake-stricken areas 19 But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes，the army___1____ (send) 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who____2_____ (trap) and ___3____(bury) the dead. More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide____4____( medcine) care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes_____5_____________ (destroy). Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food______6____ (bring) into the city by train, truck, and plane.____7_____( slow)，the city began to breathe again. sent were trapped to bury medical had been destroyed were brought Slowly 挖出 dig-dug-dug 1.语法填空 2.找出定语从句 时间状语 主 谓 宾 地点状语 目的状语 定语从句 医疗护理 定语从句 数十万 personification 目的状语 the+形容词表示一类人 主 谓 宾 trap v. be trapped in... 困/陷在....中 be trapped by... 被....困住 trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做.... n.（捕捉动物的）陷阱；圈套；（难以逃脱的）困境 breath n. 呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 take a deep breath 深呼吸 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 breathless 难以呼吸的 不久之后： 把…送到…/派…去…： 挖出： 被困住： 死者；逝者： 提供医疗护理： 为…建造庇护所: 被带入；被引进： 课文短语 ～第四段 send… to… dig out be trapped the dead provide medical care build shelters for… be brought into send sb. to do sth. 派某人去做某事 the +adj. 表示一类人 dig-dug-dug be trapped in… 被困在…中 soon after 1. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 【句型】主句为_____________________________________________________, and连接两个并列的不定式短语_______________和______________________均作sent… to Tangshan的______________。who were trapped是who引导的__________________, 修饰___________。 先行词是those，且指人时，定语从句常用____________引导。 【练习】Those __________ want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first. the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out… to bury the dead 目的状语 长难句分析 定语从句 those who who 最后一句话旨在引导学生进一步思考人与自然之间的关系，提高学生的自我保护意识。这一部分提示学生凌晨三点这一时间，与后一段进行承接。 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 2. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. 【词块】more than __________________________ more than + 数词 表示______________ more than +名词 表示______________ more than +adj. 表示_______________ 【练习】（1）她不仅仅是我们的英语老师。 ____________________________________________________ （2）我非常高兴地邀请你参加一个讲座。（应用文--邀请信高分句） ____________________________________________________ participate in a lecture. 超过；不仅仅；非常 超过 不仅仅 I am more than delighted to invite you to 长难句分析 非常 She is more than our English teacher. 最后一句话旨在引导学生进一步思考人与自然之间的关系，提高学生的自我保护意识。这一部分提示学生凌晨三点这一时间，与后一段进行承接。 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 3. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 【句型】在survivors whose homes had been destroyed中, whose引导的是________ 从句，修饰先行词_____________. 思考：为什么用whose引导从句？ 解析：survivors (_____) homes had been destroyed ? 定语从句不缺主语/宾语--缺定语，意为“...的”, 从句与先行词是所属关系,用whose 【练习】 1. The lecture (_______ theme is Reading) will be of great benefit to us. 2. It's the house ___________ door is painted red. 定语 survivors 先行词 whose 长难句分析 主语 谓语（被动语态不需宾语) whose 最后一句话旨在引导学生进一步思考人与自然之间的关系，提高学生的自我保护意识。这一部分提示学生凌晨三点这一时间，与后一段进行承接。 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 Careful reading Part3(P4--5)：after the earthquake rescue&revival Para. 5 What shows the revival of Tangshan? How was Tangshan able to revive itself? What has Tangshan City proved(证明) to China and the rest of the world? The new city has become a home to more than 7million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry and environment. With strong support from government and tireless efforts of the city’s people. In times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. What does Tangshan city look like now? Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. government’s strong support people’s tireless effort Who played an important role in the revival of the Tangshan city? Various help from the whole nation unify come back to life/recover Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support__1__the government and the the__2_____(tired) efforts of the city’s people，a new Tangshan___3___ (build)upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great______4_____(improve) in transportation, industry,and environment. Tangshan city ___5___ (prove) to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the____6___(wise)  to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. from tireless was built improvements has proved wisdom 复活；（使）苏醒 恢复；站立着 build on/ upon在.......上建立 homeless / meaningless / hopeless /helpless / effortless make an effort to do sth. = make efforts to do sth. 努力/尽力做... spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 ......的家园 主 系 表 状语 状语 主 谓 状 宾语从句 时间状语 主 谓 谓 宾 状语 在......的时候 v.统一；（使）成为一体 wise--wisely--wisdom =keep positive prove sth. to sb. 站立；恢复；痊愈： 在政府的大力支持下: 坚持不懈的努力： 被建立在…上： 是…的家园/家乡： 向/给…证明： 其余的/剩余的…: 在…时期： 保持乐观的心态： 一个光明的未来: 课文短语 ～第五段 on one’s feet tireless efforts be built on/upon be/become a home to… prove to… the rest of… in times of… stay/keep positive build … on… 把…建立在…上 prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事 with strong support from the government homeless / meaningless / hopeless /helpless / effortless a bright future With strong support from the government and the the tireless efforts of the city’s people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 主 谓 状 原因状语 返回 1. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 2. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. 【词块】 With strong support from the government …和with great improvements in transportation… 都是with的复合结构，即with+宾语+__________ 宾补 with + 宾语(n./pron.) + 宾语补足语 名词 代词 形容词 副词 介词短语 非谓语(doing/done/to do) 最后一句话旨在引导学生进一步思考人与自然之间的关系，提高学生的自我保护意识。这一部分提示学生凌晨三点这一时间，与后一段进行承接。 课件来源：脑洞英语课堂 对本课件使用有任何疑问， 请联系小助手：naodong12 We are having English class ____________________________（窗开着） ____________________________（灯亮着） ____________________________ (桌上放着书） _________________________________(有老师正坐在我们后面） _________________________________(有一些作业要完成) _________________________________(有些练习已经完成) with the windows with the lights with books with teachers with some homework with some exercises 介词短语 形容词 副词 表状态 doing: 主动/正在进行 to do: 将来(动作未发生) done: 被动或已经完成 open. on. on the desk. sitting behind us. to finish. finished. 31 with复合结构在续写中的运用 在读后续写中，“with复合结构” 多用作原因状语或伴随状语，使得叙述的情节更具体；同时，在细节描写上使用该结构能形象、生动地营造画面，使得表达更深刻。 眼泪顺着他的脸颊流下，他回答说：“我尝试过了。我真的试过了。” he replied, “ I did try. I really tried.” Joe的手被割伤，她突然大哭，腿抖着。 Joe burst into tears and her legs trembled. 他的妻子躺在床上，脸色苍白。 His wife lay in bed . 一到家门前，他惊讶地发一只小狗正好奇地看着他，它脸上带着震惊的表情。 Upon arriving at the door of his home, he was surprised to discover that a little dog was watching him curiously . With tears streaming down his cheek, With her fingers cut, with her face pale with the expression of shock on its face 32 Tangshan started to revive itself unify government strong support a home great improvement to more than 7 million people transportation industry stay positive rebuild for a brighter future environment city’s people tireless efforts cause new look meaning Mind map 灾后重建 admin (a) - The change of people's feeling hopeful unaware shocked hopeless The city's one million people were asleep as usual that night. People were in shock. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. positive … a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. Futher Thinking1 After reading 1. It was a 7.8 magnitude earthquake, which was very destructive. 2. It hit the city at night, when people were enjoying a sound sleep. 3. People paid no attention to the warning signs. 4. People didn’t have enough rescue knowledge. 5. The buildings and bridges were poorly built. … Why did this earthquake cause such extreme damage ? Futher Thinking2 After reading Futher Thinking3 What does the passage convey(传达)? A. No pains, No gains! B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. All things are difficult before they are easy. D. Where there is life, there is hope. Though the disaster caused severe damage to people’s life, it couldn’t destroy the love, care and hope among people. After reading A man can be destroyed but not defeated. 一个人可以被毁灭，但绝不会被打败。 Disasters have no mercy, but humans do. 天灾无情，人有情。 If everyone gives a hand, the world would be full of love. $$