2025年高考英语语法复习专题六讲义非谓语动词及特殊句式

非谓语动词（讲义） 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。 课前导入： (2023·新课标Ⅰ改编) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing① constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing① hot，tasty soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming① and dangerously hot.To eat② one，you have to decide whether to bite② a small hole in it first，releasing① the steam and risking① a spill(溢出)，or to put② the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting① the hot soup explode② on your tongue(舌头)． Shanghai may be the recognized③ home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring① ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.There，you’ll find them prepared③ differently—more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing① them to be lifted② out of the steamer basket without tearing① or spilling① any of their contents.The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness，and the surrounding① soup hot，clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting① more next time. [规则感悟]　上文中加黑部分都是非谓语动词，①为动词-ing形式，其中amazing，encasing，neighboring和surrounding作定语；steaming，releasing，risking，letting和allowing作状语；tearing和spilling作宾语；wanting作补语。②为动词不定式，其中explode是省略to的不定式，作宾语补足语；to be lifted为不定式的被动形式，作宾语补足语；To eat作状语；to bite和to put作宾语。③为动词的过去分词，其中recognized作定语；prepared作宾语补足语。 考点精讲（一）非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在 分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done 过去 分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 × × √ √ √ √ Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.听别人对你刚读过的这本书的反应会带来额外的乐趣。 It’s time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。 Asked what had happened，he lowered his head. 问他发生了什么事的时候，他低下了头。 Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 Having been ignored for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的那个男孩感到枯燥就出去了。 There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。 Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.人们一致认为查尔斯·巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。 考点精讲（二）非谓语动词作主语，表语和宾语 1．非谓语动词作主语 (1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 When drinking tea，playing chess，reading or writing，to light an incense stick can help calm the nerves and concentrate the mind. 在喝茶、下棋、读书或写作时，点一根香可以帮助镇静神经、集中精力。 It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here.(2022·全国甲) 很难说出一位没有在这里登台演出的喜剧明星的名字。 注意　 在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb to do sth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。 It is generous of him to contribute so much. 他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。 It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 (2)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火会很危险。 注意　下面句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth It is no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is no good coming before that. 在那之前来没有用。 2．非谓语动词作表语 (1)不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。 My dream is to enter Peking University. 我的梦想是考入北京大学。 My job is to clean the rooms every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。 (2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 (3)现在分词、过去分词也可以作表语，现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。 It’s well known that a tiger looks very frightening.众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。 We were moved at the news that he had died for the motherland. 听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。 3．非谓语动词作宾语 (1)不定式作宾语 ①常跟不定式作宾语的动词： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。 We agreed to meet at the school gate. 我们一致同意在校门口见面。 ②动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。 Please tell me when to start the project. 请告诉我何时开始这个项目。 ③在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 (2)动名词作宾语 ①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/put off，fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid，miss，go on/keep on，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 forbid，imagine，risk，can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。 My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news. 听到那个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。 ②介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词but后跟不定式作宾语。 In 1993，China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity. 1993年，中国烧掉了12亿吨煤用于供热和发电。 After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly. 人们在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。 They had no choice but to wait here. 他们别无选择只有在这儿等待。 ③由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于)，feel like (想要)，insist on (坚持)，get down to (开始)，devote...to...(致力于……)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，give up (放弃)等。 With many reference materials in hand，he got down to writing his graduation thesis. 手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。 (3)下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： I meant to give you this book today，but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour.错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。 4．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理。 考点精讲（三）非谓语动词作定语 1．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream. 你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2．分词作定语 (1)及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行) The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成) (2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成) 3．动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a walking stick拐杖 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车 考点精讲（四）非谓语动词做状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语 不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。 To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。 (2)作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left.汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。 He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem. 他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。 I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。 (3)作原因状语 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 注意　还有一类形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 This book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。 2．分词作状语 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order. 当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 ①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it. ＝Because he didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it. 因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。 ②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged. ＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem. ＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible. ＝One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible. 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. ＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. 虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。 注意　某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。 Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful. 穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。 3．独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。 Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。 To tell you the truth，I am a little tired. 说实话，我有点累。 4．独立主格结构 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Much work to do tonight(＝As there will be much work to do tonight)，we can’t go to see the film.今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head)． 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 考点精讲（五）非谓语动词做宾语补足语 1．后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语 (1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求 beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励 permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫 intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求 persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉 want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　 wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠 urge 催促；力劝 She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them. 她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则并要求每个人都遵守这些规则。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。 He depends on you to help him with his English.他指望你帮助他学英语。 (2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth He is said to have been cheated in the street. 据说，他在大街上被骗了。 The accident is reported to have killed two people.据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。 2．非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ I saw some boys all dressed in uniforms leave the lab following a teacher a few minutes ago. 几分钟前，我看见一些穿校服的男生跟着一个老师离开了实验室。 As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。 [注意]　“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 A clerk with three strangers was observed to enter the bank hurriedly，a heavy box carried in her arms. 有人看见一个职员抱着一个沉重的箱子和三个陌生人一起匆忙走进银行。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 The hall was so noisy that the teacher tried to speak louder to make himself heard. 大厅里如此吵闹以至于老师尽力大声说话以便别人能听到。 ②let＋宾语＋ Don’t let your child play with matches in case a big fire breaks out. 别让你的孩子玩火柴，以防发生火灾。 Let the homework be done immediately；otherwise it’s time for you to hand it in. 请立刻完成作业，不然就该交了。 ③have＋宾语＋ He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry. 他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow. 我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。 注意　(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job. 他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that，which is so rude.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话，太不礼貌了。 ④get＋宾语＋ It’s not hard to get him talking—the problem is stopping him. 让他开始说话不难，难的是让他住口。 My bike broke down on the way back and I am going to get it repaired tomorrow. 我的自行车在回来的路上坏了，我打算明天去修。 3．动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 I caught him smoking in the bathroom. 我撞见他在浴室里抽烟。 4．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 With his hair cut，he looked much younger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。 (3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you. 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。 易错题解读 非谓语动词作状语易混易错点 【例1】 The tablet, (find) in Jindong Village, measures 1.4 meters high, 0.61 meters wide, and 0.14 meters thick. 易错分析：不能正确分析句子结构，误判断句子的谓语，容易错填为was found或finding。 Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China. 易错分析：没有理解句子逻辑意思，未能掌握不定式作结果状语的用法是两大错误原因。 The study, which appeared in the journal PLOS Medicine, indicates that individuals who take in higher-than-average amounts of artificial sweetener are 13% more likely _ (suffer) from cancer. 易错分析：固定搭配没有牢记，be willing to do, be likely to do, be sorry to do等be+adj.+to需牢记。 _______ (dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and strength, the panda wears a helmet with colored halo. 易错分析：没有理解dress作动词与人之间是被动关系，并且其与主语the panda的关系。 非谓语动词作定语易混易错点 【例2】 Huawei, which has endured years of US sanctions, surprised the world on Aug 29, with an unadvertised announcement -the launch of its latest high-end smartphone, the Mate 60 Pro, (price) at 6,999 yuan ($964). 易错分析：长难句结构不会划分，不理解句意，同时不能掌握price的动词词义。应当首先提炼主干Huawei surprise the world. A resort (度假胜地) in Vietnam has opened a glass-bottomed foot bridge, the third such bridge in the Southeast Asian country,_____________ (connect) two mountains. 易错分析：长难句结构划分错误，不理解非谓语动词与所修饰词之间的关系，句意理解错误。 There are many ways (enjoy) spring bamboo shoots, from nutritious soups to fun snacks. A stone tablet(牌匾) (date) back to the year 1693, which falls within the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911), was discovered in Daming County, north China’s Hebei Province, said local authorities. 易错分析：未能瞻前顾后发现谓语动词,误将date视作谓语，且date为不及物动词，不能用被动。 非谓语动词作补语易混易错点 【例3】This film not only identifies with the Chinese people but also allows the world __ (explore) the rich tradition of Tang poetry and the “Chinese Poetry Universe.” 易错分析：长难句分析错误造成句意不明了，不能判断其作宾语补足语的用法。 It is estimated that by the end of this year, the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan. 易错分析：句子结构错误，不完全了解逻辑意思，没有掌握with的复合结构的用法。 When she spotted such abandoned goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others_____ ( pick) them up from the streets. With more demand (come) from domestic market, artists began painting different subjects. 易错分析：误将come当作谓语，不能正确分析宾语demand和补语的逻辑关系是两个错误原因。 非谓语动词作宾语易混易错点 【例4】One should be clear about what (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance. 易错分析：没有牢记只跟不定式作宾语的词以及搭配。 What’s more, Chinese Culture Centers in Cairo, Paris, Berlin, Tokyo and Denmark, to name a few, are introducing China by holding cultural activities, opening training classes, and (build) libraries. 易错分析：长难句结构划分错误影响句子成分的判断是错误的直接原因。 Confucius believes that being benevolent does not mean_________ (be)without principles. 易错分析：句意理解错误会混淆mean后面to do和doing的用法。mean to do表示“打算”。 Shyness makes it difficult (meet) new people and make friends. 非谓语动词作表语和主语易混易错点 【例5】As an expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences. 易错分析：长难句拆解错误，未能判断if从句中缺少主语是错误根本原因。 For Wang, (win) this title is just the beginning of a promising future. The rising star said he would head to the top spots in the professional arena. 易错分析：现在分词的变化形式中的特殊形式记忆不牢。 It has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents ________(volunteer) in rural areas. 易错分析：句子结构分析不清楚，影响正确翻译句意，未能判断真正的主语。 What you've said is _________ (convince), so I'll take your advice. 易错分析：如果句子结构不理解，句意便会出错，容易误填过去分词。 convincing 考查非谓语动词作表语。句意：你说的话令人信服，因此，我将接受你的建议。so表示因果关系的并列连词，设空处为非谓语动词作表语，主语是what引导的主语从句。convincing表示“令人信服的”。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Mr. Smith is looking for a classroom that is big enough _________ all the students. A．to be held B．to hold C．to have held D．to be holding 2．（2024·山东·三模）Helen’s smartphone doesn’t work. She has to get it ________. A．to be repairing B．repairing C．to repair D．repaired 3．（2024·天津河北·二模）Nowadays doctors can perform incredibly precise operations ______ advanced robotics and live imaging technology. A．using B．used C．having used D．having been used 4．（2024·天津·二模）It is recently reported that the number of people ______ a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change their cooking in some way. A．stick to B．sticking to C．stuck to D．having stuck to 5．（2024·天津和平·二模）Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 6．（2024·天津河东·二模）Jerry received 3 text messages from his bank, ________ him that 3 online payments had just been made from his account. A．informed B．to inform C．informing D．inform 7．（2024·天津·二模）__________ by his actions, she quietly walked away, cutting off all contact with him from that moment on. A．Disappointing B．Disappointed C．To disappoint D．Being disappointed 8．（2024·天津·一模）When I entered the room, I found Emily seated quietly on the sofa, her eyes ______ on the storybook. A．fixed B．fixing C．to fix D．to be fixed 9．（2024·山东济南·二模）--I’m sure you have a plan. --Erm, yes, we are considering ______a trip around the island. A．take B．to take C．to be taking D．taking 10．（2024·天津·二模）______ safety checks outside, the ground recovery team opened the Shenzhou X capsule and conducted an examination of the astronauts’ health. A．To follow B．Following C．Having followed D．Followed 11．（2024·天津·二模）A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 12．（2024·天津·二模）The headmaster blamed the naughty student caught ________ flowers in the garden. A．to be picking B．picking C．to pick D．to have picked 13．（2024·天津·二模）A fisherman claimed to have witnessed a giant sea turtle this morning _______ almost two meters long. A．measured B．having measured C．measuring D．to be measured 14．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then. A．setting B．set C．to set D．having set 15．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）It’s important to share China’s wisdom-filled art with people worldwide, truly ______ traditional Chinese culture to be understood. A．allowed B．to allow C．allowing D．being allowed 16．（2024·天津北辰·三模）Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. A．designing B．to be designed C．being designed D．designed 17．（2024·天津河北·一模）When Mrs Smith arrived at her company, she saw her office ________ dark blue by some workers. A．to paint B．painting C．being painted D．to be painted 18．（2024·天津·一模）Hate speech on the Internet causes violence, and undermines diversity and social unity, ________ the common values and principles that bond us together. A．to threaten B．having threatened C．threatening D．threatened 19．（2024·天津·一模）The shopkeeper and assistants will get all these goods ordered ______ to the customers today. A．to deliver B．delivering C．deliver D．delivered 20．（2024·天津和平·一模）The actor is believed ______ the TV drama soon due to personal reasons. A．to have left B．to leave C．to be left D．to have been left 二、翻译 21．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until) 22．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）景区可利用短视频提升知名度，助力文旅宣传。(facilitate) 23．（2024·上海普陀·二模）这部电影充满正能量，它用一个女孩的成长经历激励人们在人生道路上不断挑战自我，努力成为更好的自己。（which） 24．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）面对网络时代的冲击，实体商店必须寻求创新之道，才能在激烈的竞争中生存，否则将不可避免地退出历史舞台。(survive) 25．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）对于有选择困难症的人来说，决定午餐吃什么都会困扰他们，更别提做一个重大的人生抉择了。 26．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）你能告诉我怎样架设这个梯子，才能使其既稳定又安全吗？(so that) 27．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）作为年轻人，我们具有极强的创造力，可以大胆设想、勇敢探索。(As …) 28．（2024·上海长宁·二模）公司感受到了威胁, 其应对策略是书写长长的警示标签，试图预见可能发生的事故。（respond） 29．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心，它追朔了这座城市从早期到21世纪的惊人演变。（dedicate） 30．（2024·上海闵行·二模）这个提案聚焦如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性，我觉得评审小组会感兴趣。(appeal to) 特殊句式和情景交际（讲义） 考点精讲（一）感叹句，祈使句和强调句 “What a beautiful garden！① How beautiful the flowers are！①”The kids shouted.“Can we go into the garden，Mrs Green？” “Yes.But don’t pick or harm the flowers while appreciating them②.It was with great patience that the gardener grew them.③” “Yes，Mrs Green. Let’s explore the garden.②” [规则感悟]　①为感叹句，结构为What (＋a/an)＋adj.＋n.(＋主语＋谓语)或How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。 ②为祈使句，结构为Do sth/Don’t do sth，有时后面会跟“and/or＋句子”。 ③为强调句，结构为It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。 1．感叹句 (1)what引导的感叹句 ①What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ ②What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What lovely children they are! 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！ (2)how引导的感叹句 ①How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ ②How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ ③How＋主语＋谓语！ How interesting a story it is! ＝What an interesting story it is! 这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！ 2．祈使句 祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代词。 祈使句的4种形式：①动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分；②Be＋表语(＋其他成分)，如Be honest.；③Let’s/Let us do/not do sth；④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(陈述句谓语用一般将来时)。 3．强调句型 (1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。 It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过相互倾听和理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才能得到解决。 注意： ①强调主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要和被强调的主语保持一致。 It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress. 是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。 ②由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。 She doesn’t know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她儿子。 (2)强调句型的疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？ Was it in the park that he met our new teacher? 他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？ When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么时候决定修这门课的？ (3)not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。 It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital.直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。 (4)强调谓语动词 It is/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。 考点精讲（二）倒装 倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、情态动词、be动词)置于主语之前，而完全倒装是把谓语全部放在主语之前。 课前导入： 1．部分倒装 Never will my mother go to the amusement park again.① Not only was it dirty①， but it also was noisy.So noisy was it that I couldn’t hear my mother.②Only when she shouted at me at the top of her voice could I hear what she was saying.③What’s worse，no sooner had we come out of the park than it began to rain①.We got wet.Had we left a bit earlier，we would not have been trapped in the rain.④ If Mother won’t go，neither will I⑤.Near as it is⑥，I won’t choose to go there again because I am not interested in anything in the park now. [规则感悟]　①never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little，not only...but (also)．..，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...等含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装。注意：not only置于句首时，所在的分句要部分倒装，but also所在的分句不倒装。②so/such...that...结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装，that引导的从句不倒装。③“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 ④在含有were/had/should的虚拟条件句中可以省略if，将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装。⑤表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。⑥在as引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。 2．全部倒装 On the platform was a student giving a speech.① In the corner sat a shy boy，Tom.① Then came the boy’s turn.②“Come onto the platform，” said the teacher③.There went the boy.④Seated in the front were the leaders of the school.⑤ Though his hands were trembling，he began his speech.Such was Tom，a shy boy who was determined to face challenges.⑥ [规则感悟]　①表地点的介词短语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。②表示时间的副词then，now等位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。③直接引语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。④表示方位的副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。口诀：方位方向加时间，地点介短直引(提)前。⑤分词/形容词＋地点状语＋be＋主语。⑥such置于句首时用完全倒装。 1．在as/though引导的部分倒装结构中，如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，则其前不加冠词。 Child as he was，he finished his task with great courage and determination. 尽管他只是一个孩子，他还是满怀着决心和勇气完成了任务。 2．在全部倒装结构中，主语只能是名词而不能是代词。谓语也只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。 Look！Here comes the bus. 看！汽车来了。 不能说Look！Here comes it. 要说Look！Here it comes. 考点精讲（三）省略 课前导入： —You shouldn’t read books while having lunch①. If so②，you will make the book you read③ dirty.Would you like to put your book aside now? —I’d like to④，but the book is so interesting that I can’t tear myself away from it. —Do you want to have a stomachache? —No，I hope not⑤.I will put it away right now. [规则感悟]　①在while，when，where，as if，if，though，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而从句主语又与主句主语一致或从句主语是it时，主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。②if ever如果曾发生过的话；if busy 如果忙的话；if any如果有的话；if possible如果可能的话；if so如果这样的话；if not如果不的话；if necessary如果必要的话。③限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略。④在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。⑤英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在以I’m afraid，I hope，I think，I guess，I believe等开头的答句中。 1．在状语从句的省略中，若省略，则主语和be动词一起省略，若保留则一起保留。 You can’t be careful enough while (you are) crossing a busy street. 在横穿繁忙街道的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。 2．在状语从句的省略中，要注意连词之后的非谓语动词与主句主语之间的关系。 Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to college. 尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法让他去上大学。 He always keeps silent unless asked. 除非被问到，他总是保持沉默。 3．动词不定式的省略 在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动词而保留不定式符号to。 The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 司机想把车停在路边，但被警察要求不要停。 注意：当动词不定式是由be或have构成时，to后必须保留be或have。 —Are you fond of classic music? —No，but I used to be. ——你喜欢古典音乐吗？ ——不，但我曾经喜欢。 —Have you told Ann about her failure in the test? —Yes，but I oughtn’t to have. ——你告诉安她考试不及格的事了吗？ ——告诉了，但我不应该那样做。 考题精讲（四）情景交际 社会交往 1.问候与应答 表示“问候”的常用语 常用应答语 Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. How do you do ? (初次见面) Nice to meet you. (初次见面) Nice to see you(熟人之间一段时间未见面后再次相遇) 与问候语相同(对Nice to meet/see you的回 答还可以用Me, too.) How are you? (用于比较熟悉的人之间) A: How are you? B: Fine, thank you. And you? A: Very well, thank you. ①代向某人问候：Best wishes/regards to sb. give one’s wishes/regards to sb. give one’s best wishes/regards to sb. ②替某人向……问好：say “Hi/ Hello” to sb. from sb. Please remember me to... Please send my best regards to... 感谢与应答 表示“感谢”的常用语 常用应答语 Thank you very much./Many thanks./Thanks a lot.非常感谢您。(得到别人的帮助、礼物等) Thank you all/just the same./Thank you anyway. 还是要谢谢您。(没得到或不需要对方的帮助时) No, thank you./No, thanks. 不用了，谢谢您。(拒绝别人提供的帮助或物品时) That’s all right./It’s all right/Not at all./You’re welcome./Not problem.没什么/不客气。 Don’t mention it./It’s really nothing at all. 实在不值一提。 It’s a pleasure./(It’s)My pleasure. 这是我的荣幸。(别人得到你的帮助向你道谢时) I’m glad you like it. 很高兴您能喜欢它。(别人得到你的礼物道谢时) 道歉与应答 表示“道歉”的常用语 常用应答语 Sorry./Pardon./I beg your pardon.请原谅/很抱歉。 I am sorry for my being late.很抱歉，我来晚了。 Please forgive me for what I said to you. 请原谅我对你说的那些话。 Excuse me for my interruption.请原谅我的打扰。 I apologize to you for my rudeness. 我因我的粗鲁向你道歉。 That’s all right./It’s all right./That’s nothing./That’s OK./No problem.没关系。 Forget it./It doesn’t matter./It’s no big deal.没关系。 邀请与应答 表示“邀请”的常用语 常用应答语 Would you like to...您愿意……吗？ Will/Would/Can/Could you come to... 您愿意来……吗？ Could/May I have the honor/pleasure of your coming to my birthday party? 我能有幸邀请您来参加我的生日聚会吗？ We’ll be glad if you can come to my party. 如果你能来参加聚会的话，我会非常高兴的。 接受邀请 Yes, I’d love/be glad to.好的，我很愿意。 Yes, with pleasure.好的，非常荣幸。 All right.好的。 Sure, why not? 当然，为什么不呢？ Sure. That’s a good idea.当然。好主意。 委婉拒绝 I’m sorry, but I can’t.真对不起，可是我不能呀！ I’d love to, but I won’t be free then. 我很愿意，不过那时我没空。 I’m afraid I can’t.恐怕不行。 祝贺(福、愿)与应答 表示“祝贺(福、愿)”的常用语 常用应答语 Good luck!祝你好运！ Best wishes to you.(给你)最美好的祝愿！ Congratulations!祝贺！ Well done!干得太棒了！ May you success/succeed!祝你成功！ Happy New Year!/Merry Christmas!新年、圣诞快乐！ Happy birthday to you.祝你生日快乐！ Have a nice/good time/journey.祝你旅途愉快！ 视具体情况选用： Thank you! The same to you. You, too.   请求与应答 表示“请求”的常用语 常用应答语 May I have your permission to use your car? 我可以用一下您的车吗？ Could I have a word with the manager? 我可以和经理谈一下吗？ Do you mind if I smoke here? 我抽烟你介意吗？ Would you mind me/my smoking here? 我抽烟你介意吗？ 肯定 Yes./Sure./Certainly.行/当然可以。 Yes, (do)please./Go ahead, please.好，请吧。 That’s OK/all right.行/可以。 Of course, you may.你当然可以。 No, of course not./Certainly not./No, go ahead./Not at all.当然不介意。 No, go ahead(用来应答Do you mind if I…的请求) 否定 I’m sorry you can’t.抱歉，你不能。 I’m sorry，but you’d better not.抱歉，你最好别这样。 求助、提供帮助与应答 表示“求助、提供帮助”的常用语 常用应答语 Can you help me?/Can you lend me a hand?/Will you do me a favor? 您能帮我吗？ I would feel much obliged if you can do me a favor.如果你肯帮忙的话，我会非常感激的。 With pleasure.非常乐意。 Can I help you?/What can I do for you?/Is there anything I can do for you?/Would you like me to help you? 需要(我)帮助吗？ If you don’t mind，I’ll carry the desk for you. 你要是不介意的话，我来为你搬桌子。 需要别人帮助时 Yes, please. 好的，请吧。 Thanks. That would be nice/fine./That’s kind of you. 谢谢。您太好了。 不需要别人帮助时 No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 不用了，谢谢。我自己能行。 Thank you all the same.还是要谢谢你。 劝告、建议与应答 表示“劝告、建议”的常用语 常用应答语 I advise you (not) to...我劝你…… You’d better (not)...你最好…… I suggest/recommend that you (should)...我建议你 Why not...? 为什么不……? Why don’t you do...? 干吗不……? How/What about doing...? ……好不好？/……怎么样？ Shall we...? 让我们……，好吗？ Let’s..., shall we? 让我们……，好吗？ 肯定：Good idea. That’s great idea. That’s fine. Why not? (That/It)Sounds great. Yes, I suppose so. 否定：I’d love to, but… It’s an idea, but… I’m afraid I can’t do that. I’m afraid I can’t follow your advice. That’s impossible, but thank you all the same. 态度、情感类 同意和不同意 表示“同意”的常用语 表示“不同意”的常用语 No problem.没问题。 That’s true/right.正确。/就是那样。 That’s a good idea./What a good idea!真是好主意。 Excellent!/That’s fine. /好极了。 All right./OK.行。 I totally agree./I couldn’t agree with you more. 我完全同意。 Of course!当然可以！ It’s up to you.由你定。 No, I don’t think so.不，我觉得不是这样。 Do you think so? 你这样认为吗？ No way.绝不可能/没门。 I’m afraid I really can’t agree with you. 恐怕我真的不敢苟同你的观点。 It is not proper for you to say so. 你这样说是不合适的。 I can’t agree with everything you’ve said. 我不完全同意你的观点。 It depends.看情况而定。 鼓励和安慰 表示“鼓励”的常用语 表示“安慰”的常用语 Well done!干得好！ You can do it.你能行。 You’ll make it.你会成功的。 Just have a try.试一下。 Do be confident.务必自信。 Come on!/Cheer up!/Keep trying! 来吧/加油/继续努力！ —We’ve missed the train！ —Never mind，there’ll be another in ten minutes. “我们没赶上火车！”“别担心，过十分钟还有一班。” Don’t worry(No worry).不要担忧(不急)。 Don’t feel so nervous.不要紧张。 Take your time.慢慢来。 Take it easy，everything will turn fine. 不要紧张，一切会变好的。 同情(遗憾) 表示“同情(遗憾)”的常用语 Please accept my deep sympathy.请接受我深切的慰问。 You must be disappointed.你一定很失望。 You must be feeling very sad.你一定感觉很难过。 It must be hard for you.对你来说太难以忍受。 Oh, that’s such hard luck!哦，运气真是不好！Bad luck! 倒霉！不走运！ What a pity/shame! 多么可惜！ It’s regrettable that...令人遗憾的是……。 It’s unfortunate that...不幸的是……。 惊奇 表示“惊奇”的常用语 Really? 真的吗？ Is that so? 真的是这样的吗？ 是那样吗？ How come?怎么会这样？ Dear me哎呀(表示惊讶) Oh, dear!/Good heavens!/Goodness!/My God! 我的天哪/我的上帝！ 易混交际用语辨析 第一组 Come on. 来! 快! 得了! 除表示催促外，还表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等。 Hurry up！ 赶紧！快点！ 表示催促对方快点行动。 What’s up? 怎么啦？ 发生什么事了？ 表示关心、好奇。 第二组 It’s my/a pleasure. =My pleasure =A pleasure. 不用谢；没关系；这是我乐意做的。 是我的荣幸。 对对方感谢时的回答。 With pleasure. 当然可以；愿意效劳。 类似的答语还有： All right, OK, No problem, I’d like to, Certainly等 用于对别人的请求表示乐意去做的场合。 第三组 What’s up? 怎么了/有什么事吗？ 有何贵干？ 表示关心或关注。 What if…? 如果(假如)……将会怎么样？ ＝What will or would happen if …? So what? 那又怎么样？ 表示无所谓的态度。 How come? 怎么回事？ 怎么搞的？ 为什么？ 怎么会这样？ 通常用在你觉得奇怪而问问什么的时候。当你不愿意回答别人的某个问题时也可说How come?意思是“Why do you ask that? It’s none of your business.” How so 为什么(会是这样呢)? 为什么(这么说)? 表示惊异、纳闷、不理解等。 第四组 All right. 好；行；可以。 用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请。 That’s all right. ①不用谢；别客气； ②没关系；不介意； ③可以，没有问题。 ①对别人致谢的回答。=That’s OK./Not at all.?/You are welcome； ②对别人致歉时的答语=It doesn’t matter/Never mind； ③在海关、哨卡等场所，检验人员对出入人员的证件和包裹检查后，发现无可疑情况时常用。 That is right. 正确；对。 用于表示对某事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中，可直接用right作答。 第五组 Take it easy. 慢点；放松些；沉住气；别紧张；慢慢来。 表示安慰对方“不要过度紧张”。 Take your time. 别着急；慢慢来。 表示允许对方“慢慢做，不用着急”。 第六组 That’s something. 太好了；太棒了。 向他人表示祝贺。 That’s (not)the case. 情况就是(不是)这样的。 相当于(Not)Exactly“正是(并非)如此”的意思。 第七组 Got it. 明白啦。 对别人的提醒或吩咐的应答。 Made it. 成功。成功做成……。 表示某人事业获得成功。 表示某人做成某事。 较为陌生的交际用语 交际用语 表达意义 I couldn’t agree less. 我绝对/完全不同意。与“I couldn’t agree more”意义相反。 Mind your own business. 这不用你管! 你少管闲事! 这关你什么事? I can’t help it. ①表示帮不上忙：我也没办法/这不是我的错。 ②表示控制不住某种情感或思想等：我控制不住/我忍不住/我没法不……。 It can’t be helped. 没有办法或帮不上忙：无可挽回/这是无法避免的/实在没办法/只好这样。 It’s /was nothing. ①用来回答感谢或类似于感谢的句子：没什么/不用谢/这不算什么。 ②用来回答称赞：不行/不好/不算什么/不好意思。 ③用来回答道歉：没什么/没关系。 Same here. 我也一样/这里也一样。 It’s a real bargain. 真便宜。便宜货。划得来的交易。 It’s a deal. 成交。一言为定。 It’s no big deal. 没什么大不了的。没什么大不了的事。 谚语和俗语 More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。 A watched pot never boils心急吃不了热豆腐。 Constant dripping wears away the stone.滴水穿石。 Time lost cannot be recalled.光阴一去不复返。 Lost time is never found again.时不再来。 Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。 It’s never too late to mend.改过迁善从不嫌晚(亡羊补牢，未为迟也)。 An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。 A roaring lion kills no game.空谈不如行动。 To stand still is to move back.逆水行舟，不进则退。 An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 Every minute counts.分秒必争。 A good beginning makes a good ending.善始才有善终。 Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。 Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。 A rising tide lifts all boats.水涨众船高。 Many hands make light work.众人搭柴火焰高。 Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 An old pan is the one that makes good food.姜还是老的辣。 Cheerful company shortens the miles旅有好旅伴，不觉行程远。 Lookers-on see most of the game.旁观者清。 A bad workman always blames his tools.拙匠总怪工具差。 The best fish are/swim near the bottom.好鱼居水底(有价值的东西不能轻易得到)。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作/学习不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 领马河边易，逼马饮水难(不要逼人做不愿做的事)。 All that dogs bark at are not thieves./All are not thieves that dogs bark at.狗吠者未必是贼(勿以貌取人)。 It is a good horse that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles.良马会失蹄，贤妻有牢骚。 Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石(自己有弱点，勿揭他人短)。 Nothing brave, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 Where there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望(留得青山在，不怕没柴烧)。 A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。 An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。 Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳(一次上当，下次小心)。 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。 As the tree, so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 He that corrects not small faults will not control great ones.小错不纠，大错难控。 Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.无风不起浪。 If at first you don’t succeed, try, try, try again.再接再厉，终会成功。 Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。 East or west, home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。 One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。 You cannot have your cake and eat it too.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。 A little pot is soon hot量小易怒。 Forgive and forget既往不咎。 The world is your oyster.你可随心所欲了。 It really costs me an arm and a leg。真太贵了。 It really gets on my nerves心神不宁。 It beats my brains out绞尽脑汁。 It pulls my legs开玩笑，愚弄我。 be the apple of their eye掌上明珠 have their feet of clay有弱点 be in the red有债务，赤字 be green with envy羡慕嫉妒 kill the fatted calf设宴欢迎/款待 have egg on your face丢脸 wash your hands off撒手不管 get down off your high horse别摆架子，省省吧。 a Jekyll and Hyde existence过双重人格的生活 give sb. a cold shoulder对某人很不屑(没有好脸色)，让某人吃闭门羹 a wet blanket扫兴的人或物 a green finger新手 a black sheep害群之马 a fat cat有钱有势的人 a bad apple坏人 a hard/tough nut难对付的人 an early bird早起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人) a lucky dog幸运儿 a piece of cake小菜一碟，易事一件 child’s play小儿科、轻而易举 as easy as pie小事一桩 a cup of tea小意思 a hard nut to crack很棘手的事情 a David and Goliath battle强弱悬殊，以弱战强 a catch-22 situation用来形容任何自相矛盾、不合逻辑的规定或条件所造成的无法摆脱的困境、难以逾越的障碍，表示人们处于左右为难的境地，或者是一件事陷入了死循环，或者跌进逻辑陷阱等等。 a Pandora’s box“潘多拉的盒子”被用来比喻造成灾害的根源 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·山东·三模）It was ________ 11th December ________ Xu Chengcheng got the first prize in National English Speech Competition. A．in; when B．in; that C．on; when D．on; that 2．（2024·山东·三模）There ______ an English Evening next Tuesday. A．was B．will be C．will have D．is going to have 3．（2024·山东·三模）I______ come here yesterday. I just stood here. A．do B．does C．did D．done 4．（2024·山东泰安·一模）— ________ into the night sky spelling the message “One World One Family”. We were very excited about it. — Yeah. As a Chinese we were proud of it. A．Up went the fireworks B．Went up the fireworks C．Up did the fireworks go D．Up the fireworks went 5．（23-24·上海·三模）________ in the future to bridge the gender gap and diversity in the scientific field? A．Do you suggest what we can do B．What do you suggest that we should do C．Do you suggest what can we do D．What do you suggest we do 6．（2024·甘肃兰州·三模）It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins. A．that; buried B．when; buried C．that; burying D．when; burying 7．（23-24·上海二模）The local government announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes. A．the residents would be allowed B．had the residents been allowed C．would the residents be allowed D．the residents had been allowed 8．（2024·上海·二模）________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown. A．Unpopular as has white been B．As unpopular white has been C．As white has been unpopular D．Unpopular as white has been 9．（2024山东一模）________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A．So anxious were the couple B．So curious were the couple C．Such eager the couple were D．The couple were such curious 10．（2024·广东·三模）________that it was already the fourth time that he _________abroad. A．So lucky was he; traveled B．So lucky he was; traveled C．So lucky was he; had traveled D．So lucky he was; had traveled 11．（2024·天津二模）—How’s the project going? —_________. All we have to do is finish the last bit of work. A．Easy come easy go B．Far from it C．It just depends D．So far so good 12．（2024·天津河北·二模）— Did Bob keep working on that math problem even after we left? — ______. He stayed back and managed to solve it late into the night. A．You’re kidding B．That’s it C．That’s all right D．Go ahead 13．（2024·天津南开·二模）—Tony, you’ve been accepted into our club. —_________ That’s great. A．Good idea! B．Congratulations! C．Have I? D．Pardon? 14．（2024·天津南开·二模）—Why are you always late? —_________? I’ve never delayed work. A．So what B．Why not C．What for D．Why me 15．（2024·天津·二模）—Did you have a wonderful time in Hainan last week? —______. It was extremely hot and the food there didn’t suit me. A．That’s right B．I couldn’t agree more C．Not really D．Very good 16．（2024·天津和平·二模）— Is your baby any better now? —_______. She just ate too much and brought up all the things she ate. A．Nothing serious B．Nothing special. C．Nothing else D．Nothing better 17．（2024·天津和平·二模）—Should we go hiking in the mountains this weekend? —The weather forecast doesn’t look good. _______ and plan an indoor activity instead. A．Better play it safe B．It’s better than nothing C．I can’t agree more D．Take it easy 18．（2024·天津河东·二模）—I’m wondering if Linda will agree to our plan. —________ A．I’m afraid so. B．Leave me alone. C．It doesn’t hurt to ask. D．Sure, it is! 19．（2024·天津河东·二模）—Dad, will you help me through the work please? —________ A．Come on! B．You have my word. C．You must be kidding. D．Cheer up! 20．（2024·天津·二模）— I’ll never understand physics. It’s so complicated! — __________. With effort and patience, you can definitely master it! A．Never say never B．Hard to say C．No wonder D．Never mind 21．（2024·天津·二模）—I heard John spent all his savings on that fancy car! — __________. That’s not like him at all. A．You can’t be serious! B．Congratulations to him! C．I’m happy for him. D．That’s a good investment. 22．（2024·天津·一模）— Are you going to have your essay published? —______ It’s too good an opportunity to miss. A．No problem! B．You bet. C．What for? D．Why bother? 23．（2024·天津·一模）— Skipping breakfast is a good way to lose weight. —______. Actually it has the opposite effect. A．I can’t agree more B．That’s not the case C．That’s it D．I’m glad to know that 24．（2024·山东济南·二模）— Would you please go out for a walk with me? — ______, but I’m too busy at that moment. A．That’s right B．Of course not C．I’d like to D．With pleasure 25．（2024·天津·二模）—Do you know who designed the mascots of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou? —______. Zhang Wen, a teacher of China Academy of Art. A．You got me there B．Hold your horses C．You bet D．You have a point there 26．（2024·天津河西·三模）—I’m afraid I can’t pass the English exam. — ______. It can’t be as difficult as you expected. A．Not to worry B．Take your time C．That’s right D．I have no idea 27．（2024·天津·二模）—Do you think you will be able to finish your term paper by this weekend? —_______. I am occupied with experiments these days. A．Not a little B．No wonder C．Not a chance D．Not to mention it 28．（2024·天津南开·一模）—Why don’t we go to a movie? —________ A．I’m game. B．What’s up? C．What a relief! D．I really envy you. 29．（2024·天津红桥·一模）—Are you content with your present job? -—______. I prefer one with flexible hours. A．That all depends B．It’s a pity C．Not in the least D．You can bet on that 30．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—I’ll enter the speech competition tomorrow. —________. A．Good luck B．With pleasure C．Congratulations D．Good idea 31．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—How is everything with you? —________. A．Well, pretty good B．How do you do C．No, I don’t think so D．And you 32．（2024·天津·一模）—What happened? Your boss seems to ______. —Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press? A．be over the moon B．laugh his head off C．be all ears D．let off steam 33．（2024·天津·一模）—I couldn’t think too highly of the Spirng Gala, where many advanced and popular elements are adopted to present the splendid stage effect. “— ______. I had to stay in hospital the whole night due to a car accident and missed it. A．Good luck B．I mean it C．Just my luck D．By all means 34．（23-24高二下·天津·阶段练习）— William didn’t show up at the get-together last night. —________? He’s always taking an active part in such activities. A．Why not B．What for C．How come D．So what 35．（2024·天津河东·一模）－How do you find this film. John? - ______. A．I find it at the cinema B．By chance C．Oh, very interesting D．No wonder 二、翻译 36．（23-24高三上·上海宝山·三模）在填写高考志愿时，如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时，你会怎样妥善处理？（agree） 37．（2024·上海长宁·一模）只有坚持理想和信念，并做好失败的准备，一切看起来不可能战胜的困难终将迎刃而解。(Only) 38．（2024·上海一模·）我们唯有充分利用时间、斗志昂扬， 才能开创美好未来。（Only) 39．（2024·上海·三模）这位忧心忡忡的母亲直到成功为她一周没吃过蔬菜的儿子在送餐应用上抢到了2公斤 卷心菜，才感到如释重负。(Not until …) （汉译英） 40．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？(there be) 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 非谓语动词（讲义） 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。 课前导入： (2023·新课标Ⅰ改编) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings)，those amazing① constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing① hot，tasty soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming① and dangerously hot.To eat② one，you have to decide whether to bite② a small hole in it first，releasing① the steam and risking① a spill(溢出)，or to put② the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting① the hot soup explode② on your tongue(舌头)． Shanghai may be the recognized③ home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring① ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.There，you’ll find them prepared③ differently—more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing① them to be lifted② out of the steamer basket without tearing① or spilling① any of their contents.The meat should be fresh with a touch of sweetness，and the surrounding① soup hot，clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting① more next time. [规则感悟]　上文中加黑部分都是非谓语动词，①为动词-ing形式，其中amazing，encasing，neighboring和surrounding作定语；steaming，releasing，risking，letting和allowing作状语；tearing和spilling作宾语；wanting作补语。②为动词不定式，其中explode是省略to的不定式，作宾语补足语；to be lifted为不定式的被动形式，作宾语补足语；To eat作状语；to bite和to put作宾语。③为动词的过去分词，其中recognized作定语；prepared作宾语补足语。 考点精讲（一）非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √ 进行式 to be doing × 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ × 完成式 having done having been done 分词 现在 分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √ 完成式 having done having been done 过去 分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 × × √ √ √ √ Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.听别人对你刚读过的这本书的反应会带来额外的乐趣。 It’s time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。 Asked what had happened，he lowered his head. 问他发生了什么事的时候，他低下了头。 Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 Having been ignored for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的那个男孩感到枯燥就出去了。 There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。 Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.人们一致认为查尔斯·巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。 考点精讲（二）非谓语动词作主语，表语和宾语 1．非谓语动词作主语 (1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 When drinking tea，playing chess，reading or writing，to light an incense stick can help calm the nerves and concentrate the mind. 在喝茶、下棋、读书或写作时，点一根香可以帮助镇静神经、集中精力。 It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here.(2022·全国甲) 很难说出一位没有在这里登台演出的喜剧明星的名字。 注意　 在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb to do sth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。 It is generous of him to contribute so much. 他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。 It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 (2)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火会很危险。 注意　下面句型中常用动名词作主语：It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth It is no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。 It is no good coming before that. 在那之前来没有用。 2．非谓语动词作表语 (1)不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。 My dream is to enter Peking University. 我的梦想是考入北京大学。 My job is to clean the rooms every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。 (2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 (3)现在分词、过去分词也可以作表语，现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。 It’s well known that a tiger looks very frightening.众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。 We were moved at the news that he had died for the motherland. 听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。 3．非谓语动词作宾语 (1)不定式作宾语 ①常跟不定式作宾语的动词： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。 We agreed to meet at the school gate. 我们一致同意在校门口见面。 ②动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。 Please tell me when to start the project. 请告诉我何时开始这个项目。 ③在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。 We think it our duty to protect the environment. 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 (2)动名词作宾语 ①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/put off，fancy 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 avoid，miss，go on/keep on，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免 forbid，imagine，risk，can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。 My mother couldn’t help smiling when she heard the good news. 听到那个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。 ②介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词but后跟不定式作宾语。 In 1993，China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity. 1993年，中国烧掉了12亿吨煤用于供热和发电。 After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly. 人们在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。 They had no choice but to wait here. 他们别无选择只有在这儿等待。 ③由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于)，feel like (想要)，insist on (坚持)，get down to (开始)，devote...to...(致力于……)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，give up (放弃)等。 With many reference materials in hand，he got down to writing his graduation thesis. 手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。 (3)下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： I meant to give you this book today，but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour.错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。 4．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。 My bike needs to be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing.我的自行车需要修理。 考点精讲（三）非谓语动词作定语 1．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式to be done作定语表示将来、被动的动作。 You are supposed to take this opportunity to realize your dream. 你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 (2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 He had no pen to write with so he had to borrow one from his neighbour. 他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。 (3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the only等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 2．分词作定语 (1)及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。 The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动) We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行) The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成) (2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。 falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行) fallen leaves落叶(表完成) 3．动名词作定语 动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。 a walking stick拐杖 a reading room阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车 考点精讲（四）非谓语动词做状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语 不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。 To pass the college entrance exam，we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。 (2)作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：only to(不料……)、enough to(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...as to...(如此……以至于……)等。 Tom hurried back only to find that his mother had left.汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。 He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problem. 他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。 I’m too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。 (3)作原因状语 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 注意　还有一类形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 This book is difficult to understand. 这本书很难理解。 2．分词作状语 分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。 (1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。 Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ＝When the sentence was translated into English，it was found to have an entirely different word order. 当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。 (2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。 ①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it. ＝Because he didn’t understand this problem，he asked the teacher about it. 因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。 ②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged. ＝Because he was defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。 (3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Given another hour，I can also work out this problem. ＝If I’m given another hour，I can also work out the problem. 如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。 (4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。 More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。 (5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible. ＝One evening Harry phoned me，and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible. 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。 (6)作让步状语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. ＝Though he was warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. 虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。 注意　某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。 Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。 Dressed in red，she looks more beautiful. 穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。 3．独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： 独立成分 含义 generally speaking 一般来说 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……来判断 considering.../taking...into consideration/account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing... 考虑到…… given... 考虑到…… compared to/with... 与……相比 Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。 Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。 To tell you the truth，I am a little tired. 说实话，我有点累。 4．独立主格结构 (1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式 (2)特点： ①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在； ②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系； ③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 Much work to do tonight(＝As there will be much work to do tonight)，we can’t go to see the film.今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。 Weather permitting(＝If weather permits)，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。 He was lying on the grass，his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head)． 他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。 考点精讲（五）非谓语动词做宾语补足语 1．后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语 (1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有： advise建议　allow 允许　ask 询问；要求 beg恳求　cause 导致　encourage 鼓励 permit准许　forbid 禁止　force 强迫 intend打算　invite 邀请　order 命令；要求 persuade说服　prefer 更喜欢　require 需要；要求　teach教　remind 提醒　tell 告诉 want想要　warn 警告　wish 希望；想要　 wait for等待　call on 号召；要求　depend on 依靠 urge 催促；力劝 She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them. 她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则并要求每个人都遵守这些规则。 The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。 He depends on you to help him with his English.他指望你帮助他学英语。 (2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是： sb be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth He is said to have been cheated in the street. 据说，他在大街上被骗了。 The accident is reported to have killed two people.据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。 2．非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例： see＋宾语＋ I saw some boys all dressed in uniforms leave the lab following a teacher a few minutes ago. 几分钟前，我看见一些穿校服的男生跟着一个老师离开了实验室。 As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home. 从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。 [注意]　“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。 A clerk with three strangers was observed to enter the bank hurriedly，a heavy box carried in her arms. 有人看见一个职员抱着一个沉重的箱子和三个陌生人一起匆忙走进银行。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ①make＋宾语＋ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 The hall was so noisy that the teacher tried to speak louder to make himself heard. 大厅里如此吵闹以至于老师尽力大声说话以便别人能听到。 ②let＋宾语＋ Don’t let your child play with matches in case a big fire breaks out. 别让你的孩子玩火柴，以防发生火灾。 Let the homework be done immediately；otherwise it’s time for you to hand it in. 请立刻完成作业，不然就该交了。 ③have＋宾语＋ He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry. 他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow. 我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。 注意　(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job. 他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that，which is so rude.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话，太不礼貌了。 ④get＋宾语＋ It’s not hard to get him talking—the problem is stopping him. 让他开始说话不难，难的是让他住口。 My bike broke down on the way back and I am going to get it repaired tomorrow. 我的自行车在回来的路上坏了，我打算明天去修。 3．动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 I caught him smoking in the bathroom. 我撞见他在浴室里抽烟。 4．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构 (1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行 He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。 (2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态 With his hair cut，he looked much younger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。 (3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生 With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you. 因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。 易错题解读 非谓语动词作状语易混易错点 【例1】 The tablet, (find) in Jindong Village, measures 1.4 meters high, 0.61 meters wide, and 0.14 meters thick. 易错分析：不能正确分析句子结构，误判断句子的谓语，容易错填为was found或finding。 【答案】found 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这块石碑出土于金洞村，高1.4米，宽0.61米，厚0.14米。本句的谓语动词是measures，所以该空在这里作定语，修饰The tablet，且与逻辑主语为被动关系，故填动词的-ed形式。故填found。 Dr. Wang began to question the umbrella species narrative and carried out research, only (find) that panda conservation had not helped large carnivores in China. 易错分析：没有理解句子逻辑意思，未能掌握不定式作结果状语的用法是两大错误原因。 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：王博士开始质疑保护伞物种的说法，并进行了研究，结果发现保护熊猫并没有帮助中国的大型食肉动物。此处为only to do sth.，为不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果。故填to find。 The study, which appeared in the journal PLOS Medicine, indicates that individuals who take in higher-than-average amounts of artificial sweetener are 13% more likely _ (suffer) from cancer. 易错分析：固定搭配没有牢记，be willing to do, be likely to do, be sorry to do等be+adj.+to需牢记。 【答案】to suffer 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这项发表在《公共科学图书馆•医学》杂志上的研究表明，摄入高于平均水平的人工甜味剂的人患癌症的可能性要高13%。be likely to do sth.为固定短语，表示“有可能做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to suffer。 _______ (dress) in a full body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and strength, the panda wears a helmet with colored halo. 易错分析：没有理解dress作动词与人之间是被动关系，并且其与主语the panda的关系。 【答案】Dressed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：熊猫穿着象征纯洁和力量的全套冰衣，戴着带彩色光环的头盔。be dressed in“穿着”。应用过去分词作状语，第一个字母大写，故填Dressed。 非谓语动词作定语易混易错点 【例2】 Huawei, which has endured years of US sanctions, surprised the world on Aug 29, with an unadvertised announcement -the launch of its latest high-end smartphone, the Mate 60 Pro, (price) at 6,999 yuan ($964). 易错分析：长难句结构不会划分，不理解句意，同时不能掌握price的动词词义。应当首先提炼主干Huawei surprise the world. 【答案】priced 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：8月29日，遭受美国多年制裁的华为发布了一份未经宣传的公告，震惊了世界——发布了其最新的高端智能手机Mate 60 Pro，售价为6999元人民币（964美元）。分析句子结构可知price与逻辑主语the Mate 60 Pro构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词短语the Mate 60 Pro。故填priced。 A resort (度假胜地) in Vietnam has opened a glass-bottomed foot bridge, the third such bridge in the Southeast Asian country, ______ (connect) two mountains. 易错分析：长难句结构划分错误，不理解非谓语动词与所修饰词之间的关系，句意理解错误。 【答案】connecting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：越南的一个度假胜地开设了一座玻璃底人行桥，这是东南亚国家的第三座这样的桥，连接两座山。句子的谓语为has opened，设空处作非谓语动词，connect与逻辑主语a glass-bottomed foot bridge之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填connecting。 There are many ways (enjoy) spring bamboo shoots, from nutritious soups to fun snacks. 【答案】to enjoy 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：享受春笋有很多方式，从营养汤到有趣的小吃。不定式作后置定语，修饰名词way。故填to enjoy。 A stone tablet(牌匾) (date) back to the year 1693, which falls within the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911), was discovered in Daming County, north China’s Hebei Province, said local authorities. 易错分析：未能瞻前顾后发现谓语动词,误将date视作谓语，且date为不及物动词，不能用被动。 【答案】dating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据当地政府称，在中国北部河北省大明县发现了一块1693年的清朝(1644-1911)石碑。本句的谓语动词是was discovered，空处为非谓语动词，A stone tablet与date back to为主动关系。所以用现在分词。故填dating。 非谓语动词作补语易混易错点 【例3】This film not only identifies with the Chinese people but also allows the world __ (explore) the rich tradition of Tang poetry and the “Chinese Poetry Universe.” 易错分析：长难句分析错误造成句意不明了，不能判断其作宾语补足语的用法。 【答案】to explore 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影不仅认同中国人民，而且让世界探索唐诗的丰富传统和“中国诗歌宇宙”。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故填to explore。 It is estimated that by the end of this year, the number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales (expect) to reach 10.16 billion yuan. 易错分析：句子结构错误，不完全了解逻辑意思，没有掌握with的复合结构的用法。 【答案】expected 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据估计，到今年年底，中国使用汉服产品的人数将达到689万人，总销售额预计将达到101.6亿元。句中构成with sth done的复合结构，此处sales与expect之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作宾补。故填expected。 When she spotted such abandoned goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others_____ ( pick) them up from the streets. 【答案】to pick 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。guide sb. to do sth.意为“指导某人做某事”。故填to pick。 With more demand (come) from domestic market, artists began painting different subjects. 易错分析：误将come当作谓语，不能正确分析宾语demand和补语的逻辑关系是两个错误原因。 【答案】coming 【解析】考查非谓语动词现在分词。句意：随着国内市场需求的增加，艺术家们开始画不同的主题。分析句子可知，此处是with复合结构，demand和come之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词表示主动，作宾补。故填coming。 非谓语动词作宾语易混易错点 【例4】One should be clear about what (love) or hate. Ren comes from learning and self-cultivation: it can be seen from a person’s appearance. 易错分析：没有牢记只跟不定式作宾语的词以及搭配。 【答案】to love 【解析】考查不定式。句意：一个人应该清楚地知道爱什么或恨什么。分析句子可知此处为“疑问词+不定式”作介词about的宾语，故填to love。 What’s more, Chinese Culture Centers in Cairo, Paris, Berlin, Tokyo and Denmark, to name a few, are introducing China by holding cultural activities, opening training classes, and (build) libraries. 易错分析：长难句结构划分错误影响句子成分的判断是错误的直接原因。 【答案】building 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，开罗、巴黎、柏林、东京、丹麦等地的中国文化中心正在通过举办文化活动、开设培训班、建设图书馆等方式介绍中国。根据上文opening training classes, and可知本句与上文构成并列非谓语结构，为动名词作介词的宾语。故填building。 Confucius believes that being benevolent does not mean_________ (be)without principles. 易错分析：句意理解错误会混淆mean后面to do和doing的用法。mean to do表示“打算”。 【答案】being 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：孔子认为，仁不等于无原则。mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”，用动名词作宾语，故填being。being。 Shyness makes it difficult (meet) new people and make friends. 【答案】to meet 【解析】考查非谓语。句意：害羞使你很难结识新朋友。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定结构make it + adj.+ to do sth.结构，其中it为形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语。故填to meet。 非谓语动词作表语和主语易混易错点 【例5】As an expert for the Baby Annabell Ask The Experts campaign, people have asked me if (have) a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop based on our experiences. 易错分析：长难句拆解错误，未能判断if从句中缺少主语是错误根本原因。 【答案】having 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在以if为连接词的宾语从句中做主语，使用动名词，故填having。 For Wang, (win) this title is just the beginning of a promising future. The rising star said he would head to the top spots in the professional arena. 易错分析：现在分词的变化形式中的特殊形式记忆不牢。 【答案】winning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对王发来说，赢得这个冠军只是他美好未来的开始。动名词作主语。故填winning。 It has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents ________(volunteer) in rural areas. 易错分析：句子结构分析不清楚，影响正确翻译句意，未能判断真正的主语。 【答案】to volunteer 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：城市居民到农村做志愿者确实是一个日益增长的趋势。考查非谓语动词担当主语，用动词不定式形式，构成句型：it + be + for +sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……的。故填to volunteer。 What you've said is _________ (convince), so I'll take your advice. 易错分析：如果句子结构不理解，句意便会出错，容易误填过去分词。 【答案】convincing 【解析】考查非谓语动词作表语。句意：你说的话令人信服，因此，我将接受你的建议。so表示因果关系的并列连词，设空处为非谓语动词作表语，主语是what引导的主语从句。convincing表示“令人信服的”。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Mr. Smith is looking for a classroom that is big enough _________ all the students. A．to be held B．to hold C．to have held D．to be holding 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：史密斯先生正在寻找一间足够大的教室，可以容纳所有的学生。“形容词/副词+enough to do sth”是固定搭配，意为“……足够……做……”，用不定式作结果状语，同时hold与逻辑主语a classroom之间是主动关系，用主动式to hold。故选B项。 2．（2024·山东·三模）Helen’s smartphone doesn’t work. She has to get it ________. A．to be repairing B．repairing C．to repair D．repaired 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：海伦的智能手机坏了。她得把它修好。此空为“get+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处为非谓语动词短语作宾补，it指代的为smartphone，与repair之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作宾补。故选D项。 3．（2024·天津河北·二模）Nowadays doctors can perform incredibly precise operations ______ advanced robotics and live imaging technology. A．using B．used C．having used D．having been used 【答案】A 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：如今，医生们可以利用先进的机器人技术和实时成像技术进行难以置信的精确手术。分析句子结构可知，use在句子中为非谓语动词，它和doctors之间为逻辑主动关系，因此使用现在分词作方式状语，故选A。 4．（2024·天津·二模）It is recently reported that the number of people ______ a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change their cooking in some way. A．stick to B．sticking to C．stuck to D．having stuck to 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近有报道称，坚持传统饮食的人数正在缓慢下降，大约一半的英国消费者希望以某种方式改变他们的烹饪方式。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词people与stick to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故选B。 5．（2024·天津和平·二模）Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A．Prepared B．Having prepared C．Prepare D．Being prepared 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当灾难发生时，很多人都不知道该做什么。做好准备是提高生存几率的最佳方法。“_______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival.”中is之前的部分应为句子的主语，因此需要使用动名词形式或动名词短语作主语。prepare“准备”，be prepared“准备妥当”。选项A为过去式或过去分词，不可作主语；选项B为动名词的完成式，强调“准备”的动作先于谓语动作发生，但此处未明确表达此时间关系；选项C为动词原形，不能直接作主语；选项D为动名词的一般式，符合语法要求，表示“处于准备状态”的概念，适合充当句子主语。故选D。 6．（2024·天津河东·二模）Jerry received 3 text messages from his bank, ________ him that 3 online payments had just been made from his account. A．informed B．to inform C．informing D．inform 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰瑞从银行收到了三条短信，通知他刚刚从他的账户中进行了三笔在线支付。句中已有谓语received，空处作非谓语动词，messages和inform为主动关系，所以空处应用现在分词形式作状语。故选C项。 7．（2024·天津·二模）__________ by his actions, she quietly walked away, cutting off all contact with him from that moment on. A．Disappointing B．Disappointed C．To disappoint D．Being disappointed 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她对他的行为感到失望，悄悄地走开了，从那一刻起就切断了与他的一切联系。动词disappoint“使失望”和主语之间是被动关系，应用其过去分词作状语，表示原因，disappointed已转化为形容词，意为“感到失望的”，修饰人。故选B。 8．（2024·天津·一模）When I entered the room, I found Emily seated quietly on the sofa, her eyes ______ on the storybook. A．fixed B．fixing C．to fix D．to be fixed 【答案】A 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：当我走进房间时，我发现艾米丽静静地坐在沙发上，眼睛盯着故事书。her eyes为独立主语，此处为独立主格结构，其中的动词fix应为非谓语形式，her eyes和fix为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故选A项。 9．（2024·山东济南·二模）--I’m sure you have a plan. --Erm, yes, we are considering ______a trip around the island. A．take B．to take C．to be taking D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——我相信你已经有计划了。——嗯，是的，我们正在考虑环岛旅行。此处是固定搭配：consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”。故选D项。 10．（2024·天津·二模）______ safety checks outside, the ground recovery team opened the Shenzhou X capsule and conducted an examination of the astronauts’ health. A．To follow B．Following C．Having followed D．Followed 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在进行了安全检查后，地面回收小组打开了神舟十号太空舱，对宇航员的健康状况进行了检查。动词follow意为“（时间或顺序）在……后”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，和谓语之间没有明显的先后关系，所以应用现在分词的一般式作状语。故选B。 11．（2024·天津·二模）A variety of applications with filters  ________ in allow users to soften wrinkles or adjust the size and shape of their facial features. A．to build B．building C．built D．having been built 【答案】C 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：各种内置滤镜的应用程序允许用户软化皱纹或调整面部特征的大小和形状。设空处为with的宾语补足语，和宾语 filters之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，构成with的复合结构，故选C。 12．（2024·天津·二模）The headmaster blamed the naughty student caught ________ flowers in the garden. A．to be picking B．picking C．to pick D．to have picked 【答案】B 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：校长指责那个被抓住在花园里摘花的淘气学生。短语catch sb doing sth，意为“抓到某人正在做某事”，符合句意，所以这里应用现在分词作补足语，caught ________flowers in the garden修饰the naughty student作后置定语，故选B。 13．（2024·天津·二模）A fisherman claimed to have witnessed a giant sea turtle this morning _______ almost two meters long. A．measured B．having measured C．measuring D．to be measured 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位渔民声称今天早上看到了一只将近两米长的巨型海龟。本句谓语为claimed，此处为非谓语动词，且turtle与measure“（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。having measured强调测量的动作已完成，不符合题意，故排除。故选C。 14．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）Celebrated American author F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, ______ in the 1920s, reveals the emptiness and anxiety of the society then. A．setting B．set C．to set D．having set 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：美国著名作家弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的小说《了不起的盖茨比》，以1920年代为背景，揭示了当时社会的空虚与焦虑。be set in“以……为背景”为固定短语，空处在句中作非谓语，把be去掉即可。故选B项。 15．（2024·天津滨海新·三模）It’s important to share China’s wisdom-filled art with people worldwide, truly ______ traditional Chinese culture to be understood. A．allowed B．to allow C．allowing D．being allowed 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：与世界各地的人们分享中国充满智慧的艺术，真正让中国传统文化被理解是很重要的。空处为非谓语动词，allow与上文为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作状语。故选C项。 16．（2024·天津北辰·三模）Shops in Winsor Castle offer a wide range of souvenirs ______ for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys. A．designing B．to be designed C．being designed D．designed 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：温莎城堡的商店提供为皇家收藏设计的各种纪念品，包括书籍、明信片、瓷器、珠宝和儿童玩具。句中已有谓语offer，空处作非谓语动词，design和逻辑主语souvenirs是被动关系，且结合语意可知，design这一动作已经完成，空处应用design的过去分词形式作souvenirs的后置定语。故选D项。 17．（2024·天津河北·一模）When Mrs Smith arrived at her company, she saw her office ________ dark blue by some workers. A．to paint B．painting C．being painted D．to be painted 【答案】C 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：当史密斯夫人到达她的公司时，她看到她的办公室被一些工人漆成了深蓝色。设空处为宾语补足语，表示看见某事正在发生，应用现在分词作补足语，和宾语her office之间是被动关系，所以应用现在分词的被动语态，故选C。 18．（2024·天津·一模）Hate speech on the Internet causes violence, and undermines diversity and social unity, ________ the common values and principles that bond us together. A．to threaten B．having threatened C．threatening D．threatened 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：互联网上的仇恨言论会引发暴力，逐渐破坏多样性和社会团结，威胁到将我们联系在一起的共同价值观和原则。分析句子结构并根据句意，这里表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词的一般式，作结果状语。故选C。 19．（2024·天津·一模）The shopkeeper and assistants will get all these goods ordered ______ to the customers today. A．to deliver B．delivering C．deliver D．delivered 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：店主和助手们今天会把订购的货物全部送到顾客手中。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语get sth done“使某事被做”，其中ordered为过去分词作后置定语，修饰all these goods；因为all these goods ordered与deliver之间为逻辑上存在动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故选D项。 20．（2024·天津和平·一模）The actor is believed ______ the TV drama soon due to personal reasons. A．to have left B．to leave C．to be left D．to have been left 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据信，由于个人原因，这位演员很快就会离开这部电视剧。be believed to do意为“据信做某事”，leave“离开”和The actor逻辑上是主动关系，不需要用被动语态，可排除C和D项，且结合“soon”可知，leave的行为没有已经完成，不需要用完成式。故选B。 二、翻译 21．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until) 【答案】The joy of online red packet lies in its unpredictability, for the one receiving it will never know how much he has grabbed until he opens it. 【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词、并列句、宾语从句和状语从句。根据汉语中的“因为……”可知，这里可用for引出表示原因的句子，for表示“因为”；根据汉语中的“只有……才……”可知，这里应用not/never until(直到……才)表示。“网络红包”可表示为online red packet；“……的乐趣”可表示为the joy of；“在于”可表示为lie in，为固定搭配；“未知性”可表示为unpredictability；“收到”可表示为receive，“红包”在前面已经提及，这里可用it代指，根据句中的“收到红包的人”可知，这里特指收到红包的那个人，应用the one表示，且“收到红包”作定语修饰the one，receive和the one之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，即the one receiving it；“打开”可表示为open；“知道”可表示为know；“抢到了多少钱”作“知道”的宾语，可用how much引导的宾语从句how much he has grabbed表示。故本句可翻译为：The joy of online red packet lies in its unpredictability, for the one receiving it will never know how much he has grabbed until he opens it. 22．（2024·上海浦东新·三模）景区可利用短视频提升知名度，助力文旅宣传。(facilitate) 【答案】Scenic spots can use short videos to raise reputation/profile and facilitate the cultural tourism promotion. 【详解】考查动词。“景区”可以翻译为“scenic spots”，在句中作主语。“可利用”可以翻译为“can use”，该结构在句中作谓语。“短视频”可翻译为“short videos”，在句中作use的宾语。“提升知名度”可翻译为“raise reputation/profile”，“助力”可用动词“facilitate”，“文化宣传”可翻译为“the cultural tourism promotion”，该名词短语作facilitate的宾语。“raise reputation/profile and facilitate the cultural tourism promotion”为并列的目的状，所以需要动词不定式。故翻译为Scenic spots can use short videos to raise reputation/profile and facilitate the cultural tourism promotion. 23．（2024·上海普陀·二模）这部电影充满正能量，它用一个女孩的成长经历激励人们在人生道路上不断挑战自我，努力成为更好的自己。（which） 【答案】This film is full of positive energy, which uses a girl’s experience of growing up to inspire people to challenge themselves in life and try to be a better version of themselves. 【详解】考查短语、非谓语、时态和定语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“这部电影”翻译为this film，在句中作主语；“充满”用短语be full of；“正能量”翻译为 positive energy；陈述前面的一件事，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句；“用一个女孩的成长经历”翻译为 use a girl’s experience of growing up，后接不定式作目的状语；“激励某人做某事”用短语inspire sb. to do sth.；“挑战自我”用短语challenge oneselve；“人生道路上”翻译为in life；“努力做某事”用短语try to do sth.；“成为更好的自己”翻译为be a better version of themselves。故翻译为This film is full of positive energy, which uses a girl’s experience of growing up to inspire people to challenge themselves in life and try to be a better version of themselves. 24．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）面对网络时代的冲击，实体商店必须寻求创新之道，才能在激烈的竞争中生存，否则将不可避免地退出历史舞台。(survive) 【答案】Faced with/Facing the impact of the Internet era/age, physical stores must seek innovative/creative ways to survive (in) the intense/fierce competition, or they will inevitably withdraw from the historical stage/step off the stage of history. 【详解】考查非谓语和时态。“面对”be faced with，在句中作状语，把be去掉即可，或及物动词face“面对”与句子主语physical stores构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，“网络时代的冲击”the impact of the Internet era/age作with或facing的宾语，句子主语“实体商店”physical stores，“必须”用情态动词must，后接动词原形形式，“寻求”seek，后接宾语“创新的方法”innovative/creative ways，“在激烈的竞争中生存”survive (in) the intense/fierce competition，survive用不定式形式作目的状语，“否则”or，并列连词连接前后两个句子，“他们”they，描述将要发生的动作，应用一般将来时，“不可避免地”inevitably，置于助动词will后，“退出历史舞台” withdraw from the historical stage或step off the stage of history，动词withdraw和step都用动词原形形式。故翻译为Faced with/Facing the impact of the Internet era/age, physical stores must seek innovative/creative ways to survive (in) the intense/fierce competition, or they will inevitably withdraw from the historical stage/step off the stage of history. 25．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）对于有选择困难症的人来说，决定午餐吃什么都会困扰他们，更别提做一个重大的人生抉择了。 【答案】For those who have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in) making choices, deciding what to eat for lunch can bother/trouble them, let alone making a big life decision.或For people with choice difficulties, they are bothered with/by deciding what to eat for lunch, let alone making a major life decision. 【详解】考查定语从句和动名词。描述现在的一般情况，应用一般过去时。介词“对于”For，“那些……的人” those who，who引导修饰those的定语从句，指代先行词those，并在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词用复数形式，“做某事有困难”have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in) doing，have用原形形式，“做选择”make choices，make用动名词形式作in的宾语，“决定午餐吃什么”decide what to eat for lunch，decide用动名词形式作主语，表示“可能，会”用情态动词can，后接动词原形“困扰”bother/trouble，宾语“他们”them，“更别提”let alone...，“做重大的人生抉择”make a big life decision，make用动名词形式作宾语。或：介词“对于”For，“人们”people，“有选择困难”with choice difficulties，介词短语作定语修饰people，主语“他们”they，“被……困扰”be bothered with/by，they作主语，be用are，后接“决定”decide的动名词形式作宾语，“午饭吃什么”what to eat for lunch，“更别提”let alone...，“做重大的人生抉择”make a major life decision，make用动名词形式作宾语。故翻译为：For those who have difficulty/trouble/a hard time (in) making choices, deciding what to eat for lunch can bother/trouble them, let alone making a big life decision.或For people with choice difficulties, they are bothered with/by deciding what to eat for lunch, let alone making a major life decision. 26．（2024·上海奉贤·二模）你能告诉我怎样架设这个梯子，才能使其既稳定又安全吗？(so that) 【答案】Can you tell me how to set up/place the ladder so that it can be steady/stable and safe to climb? 【详解】考查一般疑问句、疑问词+to do结构、目的状语从句。观察句子可知，这是Can开头的一般疑问句，表示“告诉我”用tell me，宾语为“怎样架设这个梯子”用how+to do结构，表示“架设”用set up/place，表示“这个梯子”用the ladder，“才能”用so that引导的目的状语从句，用it指代梯子，表示“能够”用can，其后用be动词原形，表示“稳定又安全”用steady/stable and safe，to climb为不定式作状语。故翻译为Can you tell me how to set up/place the ladder so that it can be steady/stable and safe to climb? 27．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）作为年轻人，我们具有极强的创造力，可以大胆设想、勇敢探索。(As …) 【答案】As young individuals, we possess immense creativity, allowing us to imagine boldly and explore fearlessly. /As young individuals, we are very creative, full of imagination and brave/courageous to explore. 【详解】考查时态、介词短语、非谓语动词。表示“作为年轻人”含义的表达为：as young individuals；表示“具有极强的创造力”可以用动词短语possess immense creativity或be very creative，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时；表示“可以大胆设想、勇敢探索”含义的表达为：allow us to imagine boldly and explore fearlessly，因该表达在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，又因与逻辑主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，该表达还可以使用形容词短语，翻译为：full of imagination and brave或courageous to explore，故翻译为：As young individuals, we possess immense creativity, allowing us to imagine boldly and explore fearlessly. /As young individuals, we are very creative, full of imagination and brave/courageous to explore. 28．（2024·上海长宁·二模）公司感受到了威胁, 其应对策略是书写长长的警示标签，试图预见可能发生的事故。（respond） 【答案】Feeling/Being threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate /foresee any possible accident. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和短语。表示“感受到了威胁”应用现在分词短语feeling/being threatened，作状语；主语为复数名词companies；表示“应对”应用respond；表示“书写长长的警示标签”应用by writing ever-longer warning labels；表示“试图”短语为try to do sth.，为现在分词短语作状语，表示“预见可能发生的事故”翻译为anticipate /foresee any possible accident。为一般过去时。故翻译为Feeling/Being threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate /foresee any possible accident. 29．（2024·上海杨浦·二模）作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心，它追朔了这座城市从早期到21世纪的惊人演变。（dedicate） 【答案】As the first exhibition center dedicated to urban planning and construction achievements, it traces the breathtaking evolution of the city from its early days to its 21st century. 【详解】考查句子结构，非谓语，名词短语和介词短语。分析可知，“作为首个致力于城市规划和建设成果的展览中心”为伴随状语，用“介词as+名词短语”的结构表达。其中，“首个”用序数词“the first”表达；“展览中心”用名词短语“exhibition center”表达；“致力于城市规划和建设成果的”作“exhibition center”的后置定语，“致力于”用动词短语“dedicate (sth) to...”表达，与所修饰词之间为被动关系，应是过去分词形式“dedicated to”；“城市规划和建设成果”用名词短语“urban planning and construction achievements”表达。因此，该部分翻译为“as the first exhibition center dedicated to urban planning and construction achievements”。句子主语“它”用“it”表达；“追朔”用动词“trace”表达，作谓语，结合语境，用一般现在时表客观事实，主语为三单，动词用单数“traces”；“这座城市的惊人的演变”用名词短语“the breathtaking evolution of the city”表达，作宾语；“从早期到21世纪”用介词短语“from the early days to its 21st century”表达。因此，该部分翻译为“it traces the breathtaking evolution of the city from its early days to its 21st century”。故译为：As the first exhibition center dedicated to urban planning and construction achievements, it traces the breathtaking evolution of the city from its early days to its 21st century. 30．（2024·上海闵行·二模）这个提案聚焦如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性，我觉得评审小组会感兴趣。(appeal to) 【答案】The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness, which I think will appeal to the review group. 【详解】考查时态、定语从句、固定短语。表示“这个提案”用the proposal或the bill，做主语；表示“聚焦”用focus on；表示“如何保护青少年自由活跃的天性”用疑问词加不定式形式，即how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness，作宾语；结合句意，应使用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式，故主句翻译为The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness；之后的部分可以用which引导非限制性定语从句，表示主句这件事会使得评审小组感兴趣；I think作为插入语放在引导词之后； appeal to sb.“对某人有吸引力”，为固定短语；表示“评审小组”用review group放在appeal to后作宾语；结合句子意思可知，该部分应使用一般将来时。故翻译为The proposal/bill focuses on how to protect teenagers’ nature of freedom and activeness, which I think will appeal to the review group. 特殊句式和情景交际（讲义） 考点精讲（一）感叹句，祈使句和强调句 “What a beautiful garden！① How beautiful the flowers are！①”The kids shouted.“Can we go into the garden，Mrs Green？” “Yes.But don’t pick or harm the flowers while appreciating them②.It was with great patience that the gardener grew them.③” “Yes，Mrs Green. Let’s explore the garden.②” [规则感悟]　①为感叹句，结构为What (＋a/an)＋adj.＋n.(＋主语＋谓语)或How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。 ②为祈使句，结构为Do sth/Don’t do sth，有时后面会跟“and/or＋句子”。 ③为强调句，结构为It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。 1．感叹句 (1)what引导的感叹句 ①What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ ②What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What lovely children they are! 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！ (2)how引导的感叹句 ①How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ ②How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ ③How＋主语＋谓语！ How interesting a story it is! ＝What an interesting story it is! 这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！ 2．祈使句 祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody，someone，anybody等不定代词。 祈使句的4种形式：①动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分；②Be＋表语(＋其他成分)，如Be honest.；③Let’s/Let us do/not do sth；④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(陈述句谓语用一般将来时)。 3．强调句型 (1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。 It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过相互倾听和理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才能得到解决。 注意： ①强调主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要和被强调的主语保持一致。 It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress. 是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。 ②由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。 She doesn’t know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她儿子。 (2)强调句型的疑问句结构： 一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？ Was it in the park that he met our new teacher? 他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？ When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么时候决定修这门课的？ (3)not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。 It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital.直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。 (4)强调谓语动词 It is/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。 考点精讲（二）倒装 倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、情态动词、be动词)置于主语之前，而完全倒装是把谓语全部放在主语之前。 课前导入： 1．部分倒装 Never will my mother go to the amusement park again.① Not only was it dirty①， but it also was noisy.So noisy was it that I couldn’t hear my mother.②Only when she shouted at me at the top of her voice could I hear what she was saying.③What’s worse，no sooner had we come out of the park than it began to rain①.We got wet.Had we left a bit earlier，we would not have been trapped in the rain.④ If Mother won’t go，neither will I⑤.Near as it is⑥，I won’t choose to go there again because I am not interested in anything in the park now. [规则感悟]　①never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little，not only...but (also)．..，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...等含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装。注意：not only置于句首时，所在的分句要部分倒装，but also所在的分句不倒装。②so/such...that...结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装，that引导的从句不倒装。③“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 ④在含有were/had/should的虚拟条件句中可以省略if，将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装。⑤表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。⑥在as引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。 2．全部倒装 On the platform was a student giving a speech.① In the corner sat a shy boy，Tom.① Then came the boy’s turn.②“Come onto the platform，” said the teacher③.There went the boy.④Seated in the front were the leaders of the school.⑤ Though his hands were trembling，he began his speech.Such was Tom，a shy boy who was determined to face challenges.⑥ [规则感悟]　①表地点的介词短语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。②表示时间的副词then，now等位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。③直接引语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。④表示方位的副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。口诀：方位方向加时间，地点介短直引(提)前。⑤分词/形容词＋地点状语＋be＋主语。⑥such置于句首时用完全倒装。 1．在as/though引导的部分倒装结构中，如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，则其前不加冠词。 Child as he was，he finished his task with great courage and determination. 尽管他只是一个孩子，他还是满怀着决心和勇气完成了任务。 2．在全部倒装结构中，主语只能是名词而不能是代词。谓语也只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。 Look！Here comes the bus. 看！汽车来了。 不能说Look！Here comes it. 要说Look！Here it comes. 考点精讲（三）省略 课前导入： —You shouldn’t read books while having lunch①. If so②，you will make the book you read③ dirty.Would you like to put your book aside now? —I’d like to④，but the book is so interesting that I can’t tear myself away from it. —Do you want to have a stomachache? —No，I hope not⑤.I will put it away right now. [规则感悟]　①在while，when，where，as if，if，though，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而从句主语又与主句主语一致或从句主语是it时，主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。②if ever如果曾发生过的话；if busy 如果忙的话；if any如果有的话；if possible如果可能的话；if so如果这样的话；if not如果不的话；if necessary如果必要的话。③限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略。④在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。⑤英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在以I’m afraid，I hope，I think，I guess，I believe等开头的答句中。 1．在状语从句的省略中，若省略，则主语和be动词一起省略，若保留则一起保留。 You can’t be careful enough while (you are) crossing a busy street. 在横穿繁忙街道的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。 2．在状语从句的省略中，要注意连词之后的非谓语动词与主句主语之间的关系。 Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to college. 尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法让他去上大学。 He always keeps silent unless asked. 除非被问到，他总是保持沉默。 3．动词不定式的省略 在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动词而保留不定式符号to。 The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to. 司机想把车停在路边，但被警察要求不要停。 注意：当动词不定式是由be或have构成时，to后必须保留be或have。 —Are you fond of classic music? —No，but I used to be. ——你喜欢古典音乐吗？ ——不，但我曾经喜欢。 —Have you told Ann about her failure in the test? —Yes，but I oughtn’t to have. ——你告诉安她考试不及格的事了吗？ ——告诉了，但我不应该那样做。 考题精讲（四）情景交际 社会交往 1.问候与应答 表示“问候”的常用语 常用应答语 Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. How do you do ? (初次见面) Nice to meet you. (初次见面) Nice to see you(熟人之间一段时间未见面后再次相遇) 与问候语相同(对Nice to meet/see you的回 答还可以用Me, too.) How are you? (用于比较熟悉的人之间) A: How are you? B: Fine, thank you. And you? A: Very well, thank you. ①代向某人问候：Best wishes/regards to sb. give one’s wishes/regards to sb. give one’s best wishes/regards to sb. ②替某人向……问好：say “Hi/ Hello” to sb. from sb. Please remember me to... Please send my best regards to... 感谢与应答 表示“感谢”的常用语 常用应答语 Thank you very much./Many thanks./Thanks a lot.非常感谢您。(得到别人的帮助、礼物等) Thank you all/just the same./Thank you anyway. 还是要谢谢您。(没得到或不需要对方的帮助时) No, thank you./No, thanks. 不用了，谢谢您。(拒绝别人提供的帮助或物品时) That’s all right./It’s all right/Not at all./You’re welcome./Not problem.没什么/不客气。 Don’t mention it./It’s really nothing at all. 实在不值一提。 It’s a pleasure./(It’s)My pleasure. 这是我的荣幸。(别人得到你的帮助向你道谢时) I’m glad you like it. 很高兴您能喜欢它。(别人得到你的礼物道谢时) 道歉与应答 表示“道歉”的常用语 常用应答语 Sorry./Pardon./I beg your pardon.请原谅/很抱歉。 I am sorry for my being late.很抱歉，我来晚了。 Please forgive me for what I said to you. 请原谅我对你说的那些话。 Excuse me for my interruption.请原谅我的打扰。 I apologize to you for my rudeness. 我因我的粗鲁向你道歉。 That’s all right./It’s all right./That’s nothing./That’s OK./No problem.没关系。 Forget it./It doesn’t matter./It’s no big deal.没关系。 邀请与应答 表示“邀请”的常用语 常用应答语 Would you like to...您愿意……吗？ Will/Would/Can/Could you come to... 您愿意来……吗？ Could/May I have the honor/pleasure of your coming to my birthday party? 我能有幸邀请您来参加我的生日聚会吗？ We’ll be glad if you can come to my party. 如果你能来参加聚会的话，我会非常高兴的。 接受邀请 Yes, I’d love/be glad to.好的，我很愿意。 Yes, with pleasure.好的，非常荣幸。 All right.好的。 Sure, why not? 当然，为什么不呢？ Sure. That’s a good idea.当然。好主意。 委婉拒绝 I’m sorry, but I can’t.真对不起，可是我不能呀！ I’d love to, but I won’t be free then. 我很愿意，不过那时我没空。 I’m afraid I can’t.恐怕不行。 祝贺(福、愿)与应答 表示“祝贺(福、愿)”的常用语 常用应答语 Good luck!祝你好运！ Best wishes to you.(给你)最美好的祝愿！ Congratulations!祝贺！ Well done!干得太棒了！ May you success/succeed!祝你成功！ Happy New Year!/Merry Christmas!新年、圣诞快乐！ Happy birthday to you.祝你生日快乐！ Have a nice/good time/journey.祝你旅途愉快！ 视具体情况选用： Thank you! The same to you. You, too.   请求与应答 表示“请求”的常用语 常用应答语 May I have your permission to use your car? 我可以用一下您的车吗？ Could I have a word with the manager? 我可以和经理谈一下吗？ Do you mind if I smoke here? 我抽烟你介意吗？ Would you mind me/my smoking here? 我抽烟你介意吗？ 肯定 Yes./Sure./Certainly.行/当然可以。 Yes, (do)please./Go ahead, please.好，请吧。 That’s OK/all right.行/可以。 Of course, you may.你当然可以。 No, of course not./Certainly not./No, go ahead./Not at all.当然不介意。 No, go ahead(用来应答Do you mind if I…的请求) 否定 I’m sorry you can’t.抱歉，你不能。 I’m sorry，but you’d better not.抱歉，你最好别这样。 求助、提供帮助与应答 表示“求助、提供帮助”的常用语 常用应答语 Can you help me?/Can you lend me a hand?/Will you do me a favor? 您能帮我吗？ I would feel much obliged if you can do me a favor.如果你肯帮忙的话，我会非常感激的。 With pleasure.非常乐意。 Can I help you?/What can I do for you?/Is there anything I can do for you?/Would you like me to help you? 需要(我)帮助吗？ If you don’t mind，I’ll carry the desk for you. 你要是不介意的话，我来为你搬桌子。 需要别人帮助时 Yes, please. 好的，请吧。 Thanks. That would be nice/fine./That’s kind of you. 谢谢。您太好了。 不需要别人帮助时 No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 不用了，谢谢。我自己能行。 Thank you all the same.还是要谢谢你。 劝告、建议与应答 表示“劝告、建议”的常用语 常用应答语 I advise you (not) to...我劝你…… You’d better (not)...你最好…… I suggest/recommend that you (should)...我建议你 Why not...? 为什么不……? Why don’t you do...? 干吗不……? How/What about doing...? ……好不好？/……怎么样？ Shall we...? 让我们……，好吗？ Let’s..., shall we? 让我们……，好吗？ 肯定：Good idea. That’s great idea. That’s fine. Why not? (That/It)Sounds great. Yes, I suppose so. 否定：I’d love to, but… It’s an idea, but… I’m afraid I can’t do that. I’m afraid I can’t follow your advice. That’s impossible, but thank you all the same. 态度、情感类 同意和不同意 表示“同意”的常用语 表示“不同意”的常用语 No problem.没问题。 That’s true/right.正确。/就是那样。 That’s a good idea./What a good idea!真是好主意。 Excellent!/That’s fine. /好极了。 All right./OK.行。 I totally agree./I couldn’t agree with you more. 我完全同意。 Of course!当然可以！ It’s up to you.由你定。 No, I don’t think so.不，我觉得不是这样。 Do you think so? 你这样认为吗？ No way.绝不可能/没门。 I’m afraid I really can’t agree with you. 恐怕我真的不敢苟同你的观点。 It is not proper for you to say so. 你这样说是不合适的。 I can’t agree with everything you’ve said. 我不完全同意你的观点。 It depends.看情况而定。 鼓励和安慰 表示“鼓励”的常用语 表示“安慰”的常用语 Well done!干得好！ You can do it.你能行。 You’ll make it.你会成功的。 Just have a try.试一下。 Do be confident.务必自信。 Come on!/Cheer up!/Keep trying! 来吧/加油/继续努力！ —We’ve missed the train！ —Never mind，there’ll be another in ten minutes. “我们没赶上火车！”“别担心，过十分钟还有一班。” Don’t worry(No worry).不要担忧(不急)。 Don’t feel so nervous.不要紧张。 Take your time.慢慢来。 Take it easy，everything will turn fine. 不要紧张，一切会变好的。 同情(遗憾) 表示“同情(遗憾)”的常用语 Please accept my deep sympathy.请接受我深切的慰问。 You must be disappointed.你一定很失望。 You must be feeling very sad.你一定感觉很难过。 It must be hard for you.对你来说太难以忍受。 Oh, that’s such hard luck!哦，运气真是不好！Bad luck! 倒霉！不走运！ What a pity/shame! 多么可惜！ It’s regrettable that...令人遗憾的是……。 It’s unfortunate that...不幸的是……。 惊奇 表示“惊奇”的常用语 Really? 真的吗？ Is that so? 真的是这样的吗？ 是那样吗？ How come?怎么会这样？ Dear me哎呀(表示惊讶) Oh, dear!/Good heavens!/Goodness!/My God! 我的天哪/我的上帝！ 易混交际用语辨析 第一组 Come on. 来! 快! 得了! 除表示催促外，还表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等。 Hurry up！ 赶紧！快点！ 表示催促对方快点行动。 What’s up? 怎么啦？ 发生什么事了？ 表示关心、好奇。 第二组 It’s my/a pleasure. =My pleasure =A pleasure. 不用谢；没关系；这是我乐意做的。 是我的荣幸。 对对方感谢时的回答。 With pleasure. 当然可以；愿意效劳。 类似的答语还有： All right, OK, No problem, I’d like to, Certainly等 用于对别人的请求表示乐意去做的场合。 第三组 What’s up? 怎么了/有什么事吗？ 有何贵干？ 表示关心或关注。 What if…? 如果(假如)……将会怎么样？ ＝What will or would happen if …? So what? 那又怎么样？ 表示无所谓的态度。 How come? 怎么回事？ 怎么搞的？ 为什么？ 怎么会这样？ 通常用在你觉得奇怪而问问什么的时候。当你不愿意回答别人的某个问题时也可说How come?意思是“Why do you ask that? It’s none of your business.” How so 为什么(会是这样呢)? 为什么(这么说)? 表示惊异、纳闷、不理解等。 第四组 All right. 好；行；可以。 用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请。 That’s all right. ①不用谢；别客气； ②没关系；不介意； ③可以，没有问题。 ①对别人致谢的回答。=That’s OK./Not at all.?/You are welcome； ②对别人致歉时的答语=It doesn’t matter/Never mind； ③在海关、哨卡等场所，检验人员对出入人员的证件和包裹检查后，发现无可疑情况时常用。 That is right. 正确；对。 用于表示对某事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中，可直接用right作答。 第五组 Take it easy. 慢点；放松些；沉住气；别紧张；慢慢来。 表示安慰对方“不要过度紧张”。 Take your time. 别着急；慢慢来。 表示允许对方“慢慢做，不用着急”。 第六组 That’s something. 太好了；太棒了。 向他人表示祝贺。 That’s (not)the case. 情况就是(不是)这样的。 相当于(Not)Exactly“正是(并非)如此”的意思。 第七组 Got it. 明白啦。 对别人的提醒或吩咐的应答。 Made it. 成功。成功做成……。 表示某人事业获得成功。 表示某人做成某事。 较为陌生的交际用语 交际用语 表达意义 I couldn’t agree less. 我绝对/完全不同意。与“I couldn’t agree more”意义相反。 Mind your own business. 这不用你管! 你少管闲事! 这关你什么事? I can’t help it. ①表示帮不上忙：我也没办法/这不是我的错。 ②表示控制不住某种情感或思想等：我控制不住/我忍不住/我没法不……。 It can’t be helped. 没有办法或帮不上忙：无可挽回/这是无法避免的/实在没办法/只好这样。 It’s /was nothing. ①用来回答感谢或类似于感谢的句子：没什么/不用谢/这不算什么。 ②用来回答称赞：不行/不好/不算什么/不好意思。 ③用来回答道歉：没什么/没关系。 Same here. 我也一样/这里也一样。 It’s a real bargain. 真便宜。便宜货。划得来的交易。 It’s a deal. 成交。一言为定。 It’s no big deal. 没什么大不了的。没什么大不了的事。 谚语和俗语 More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。 A watched pot never boils心急吃不了热豆腐。 Constant dripping wears away the stone.滴水穿石。 Time lost cannot be recalled.光阴一去不复返。 Lost time is never found again.时不再来。 Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。 It’s never too late to mend.改过迁善从不嫌晚(亡羊补牢，未为迟也)。 An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。 A roaring lion kills no game.空谈不如行动。 To stand still is to move back.逆水行舟，不进则退。 An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 Every minute counts.分秒必争。 A good beginning makes a good ending.善始才有善终。 Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。 Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。 A rising tide lifts all boats.水涨众船高。 Many hands make light work.众人搭柴火焰高。 Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 An old pan is the one that makes good food.姜还是老的辣。 Cheerful company shortens the miles旅有好旅伴，不觉行程远。 Lookers-on see most of the game.旁观者清。 A bad workman always blames his tools.拙匠总怪工具差。 The best fish are/swim near the bottom.好鱼居水底(有价值的东西不能轻易得到)。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作/学习不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 领马河边易，逼马饮水难(不要逼人做不愿做的事)。 All that dogs bark at are not thieves./All are not thieves that dogs bark at.狗吠者未必是贼(勿以貌取人)。 It is a good horse that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles.良马会失蹄，贤妻有牢骚。 Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石(自己有弱点，勿揭他人短)。 Nothing brave, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 Where there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望(留得青山在，不怕没柴烧)。 A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。 An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。 Once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳(一次上当，下次小心)。 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。 As the tree, so the fruit.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 He that corrects not small faults will not control great ones.小错不纠，大错难控。 Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.无风不起浪。 If at first you don’t succeed, try, try, try again.再接再厉，终会成功。 Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。 East or west, home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。 One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬之千里。 You cannot have your cake and eat it too.鱼与熊掌，不可得兼。 A little pot is soon hot量小易怒。 Forgive and forget既往不咎。 The world is your oyster.你可随心所欲了。 It really costs me an arm and a leg。真太贵了。 It really gets on my nerves心神不宁。 It beats my brains out绞尽脑汁。 It pulls my legs开玩笑，愚弄我。 be the apple of their eye掌上明珠 have their feet of clay有弱点 be in the red有债务，赤字 be green with envy羡慕嫉妒 kill the fatted calf设宴欢迎/款待 have egg on your face丢脸 wash your hands off撒手不管 get down off your high horse别摆架子，省省吧。 a Jekyll and Hyde existence过双重人格的生活 give sb. a cold shoulder对某人很不屑(没有好脸色)，让某人吃闭门羹 a wet blanket扫兴的人或物 a green finger新手 a black sheep害群之马 a fat cat有钱有势的人 a bad apple坏人 a hard/tough nut难对付的人 an early bird早起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人) a lucky dog幸运儿 a piece of cake小菜一碟，易事一件 child’s play小儿科、轻而易举 as easy as pie小事一桩 a cup of tea小意思 a hard nut to crack很棘手的事情 a David and Goliath battle强弱悬殊，以弱战强 a catch-22 situation用来形容任何自相矛盾、不合逻辑的规定或条件所造成的无法摆脱的困境、难以逾越的障碍，表示人们处于左右为难的境地，或者是一件事陷入了死循环，或者跌进逻辑陷阱等等。 a Pandora’s box“潘多拉的盒子”被用来比喻造成灾害的根源 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·山东·三模）It was ________ 11th December ________ Xu Chengcheng got the first prize in National English Speech Competition. A．in; when B．in; that C．on; when D．on; that 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词和强调句。句意：在12月11日那天，徐程程获得了全国英语演讲比赛的第一名。空1：此处指在12月11日那天，指具体的某一天应用介词on；空2：此处为强调句“it was+被强调部分+that+其他”结构，此处强调时间状语on 11th December，故填that。故选D。 2．（2024·山东·三模）There ______ an English Evening next Tuesday. A．was B．will be C．will have D．is going to have 【答案】B 【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：下周二将举办英语晚会。分析句子可知，句中时间状语是next Tuesday，因此使用一般将来时，且此句是there be句型。故选B项。 3．（2024·山东·三模）I______ come here yesterday. I just stood here. A．do B．does C．did D．done 【答案】C 【详解】考查谓语动词的强调。句意：我昨天确实来这里了。我只是站在这儿。分析句意可知，此处考查使用助动词对谓语动词come“到来”加以强调，结合时间状语yesterday可知句子时态是一般过去时，使用“助动词did+动词原形”对谓语动词进行强调。故选C项。 4．（2024·山东泰安·一模）— ________ into the night sky spelling the message “One World One Family”. We were very excited about it. — Yeah. As a Chinese we were proud of it. A．Up went the fireworks B．Went up the fireworks C．Up did the fireworks go D．Up the fireworks went 【答案】A 【详解】考查全部倒装。句意：——烟花升入夜空，拼出“同一个世界，同一个家庭”的字样。我们对此非常兴奋。——是的。作为中国人，我们为此感到自豪。副词up放在句首，且主语the fireworks为名词，句子要用全部倒装，即：Up+谓语+主语+其他。went是本句谓语，放在主语the fireworks前。故选A。 5．（23-24·上海·三模）________ in the future to bridge the gender gap and diversity in the scientific field? A．Do you suggest what we can do B．What do you suggest that we should do C．Do you suggest what can we do D．What do you suggest we do 【答案】D 【详解】考查插入语。句意：你建议我们今后如何弥合科学领域的性别差距和多样性？分析句子可知，本句原本应为what should we do， do you suggest为插入语，应放在特殊疑问词后，do you suggest后应用陈述语序，且suggest后应用虚拟语气，should可以省略，所以可构成What do you suggest we do。故选D项。 6．（2024·甘肃兰州·三模）It was at 3 in the morning ________ the earthquake happened. Hundreds were killed, with a lot ________ in the ruins. A．that; buried B．when; buried C．that; burying D．when; burying 【答案】A 【详解】考查it强调句句式和过去分词。句意：地震是在凌晨3点发生的。数百人丧生，许多人被埋在废墟中。去掉it was和空格后句子完整，所以此处为it强调句句式，即“it be+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分”，且此处强调的是物，所以应用that。在with的复合结构中，动词bury意为“埋”，和逻辑主语a lot构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故选A。 7．（23-24·上海二模）The local government announced that only when the fire was under control ________ to return to their homes. A．the residents would be allowed B．had the residents been allowed C．would the residents be allowed D．the residents had been allowed 【答案】C 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：当地政府宣布，只有当大火被控制住以后，居民们才可以返回家中。分析句子可知，在that引导的宾语从句中，only+强调时间状语从句when the fire was under control置于句首，主句使用部分倒装的形式，主句使用的是一般过去时，宾语从句“允许”的动作还未发生，故应用过去将来时，部分到装时，将助动词would置于主语之前。故选C。 8．（·上海·二模）________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown. A．Unpopular as has white been B．As unpopular white has been C．As white has been unpopular D．Unpopular as white has been 【答案】D 【详解】考查倒装结构和从句。句意：虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。as是连词，引导让步状语从句时，往往使用部分倒装结构，构成“形容词+as+主语+谓语”结构。故选D。 9．（2024山东一模）________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A．So anxious were the couple B．So curious were the couple C．Such eager the couple were D．The couple were such curious 【答案】B 【详解】考查倒装句及形容词词义辨析。句意：那对夫妇对野生植物那么好奇以致于他们决定去Madagascar作进一步的研究。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用“so +形容词（副词）”放在句首引导结果状语从句，此时句子要用倒装形式。anxious焦虑的；curious好奇的。根据句意可知，curious符合题意。故选B项。 10．（2024·广东·三模）________that it was already the fourth time that he _________abroad. A．So lucky was he; traveled B．So lucky he was; traveled C．So lucky was he; had traveled D．So lucky he was; had traveled 【答案】C 【详解】考查倒装句式和固定句式。句意：他很幸运，这已经是他第四次出国旅行了。在so... that…结构中，若将so+adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装，因此第一空填So lucky was he；It is（was）the first time that…这一固定句型中，若主句是谓语是is，则从句谓语用现在完成时，若主句谓语是was，则从句谓语用过去完成时；因此第二空填had traveled。故选C项。 11．（2024·天津二模）—How’s the project going? —_________. All we have to do is finish the last bit of work. A．Easy come easy go B．Far from it C．It just depends D．So far so good 【答案】D 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——项目进行得怎么样了? ——到目前为止一切顺利。我们要做的就是完成最后一点工作。A. Easy come easy go得来容易，去得快；B. Far from it远非如此；C. It just depends视情况而定；D. So far so good到目前为止一切顺利。根据“All we have to do is finish the last bit of work.”可知，工作已经快要完成，一切顺利。故选D项。 12．（2024·天津河北·二模）— Did Bob keep working on that math problem even after we left? — ______. He stayed back and managed to solve it late into the night. A．You’re kidding B．That’s it C．That’s all right D．Go ahead 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——即使我们离开了，鲍勃还在继续研究那道数学题吗？——是的。他留下来并设法在深夜解决了它。A. You’re kidding你在开玩笑；B. That’s it就是这样，的确如此；C. That’s all right没关系；D. Go ahead前进，开始。根据“He stayed back and managed to solve it late into the night.(他留下来并设法在深夜解决了它)”可知，回答是肯定的，“That’s it”符合语境，故选B项。 13．（2024·天津南开·二模）—Tony, you’ve been accepted into our club. —_________ That’s great. A．Good idea! B．Congratulations! C．Have I? D．Pardon? 【答案】C 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——Tony，你已经被我们的俱乐部接受了。——真的吗？太好了！A. Good idea! 好主意！B. Congratulations! 恭喜！C. Have I? 真的吗？D. Pardon? 请再说一遍？根据下文“That’s great.”可知，Tony得知自己被俱乐部接受，最合适的回应是表示惊喜或者确认，因此C选项“真的吗？”最为恰当。故选C。 14．（2024·天津南开·二模）—Why are you always late? —_________? I’ve never delayed work. A．So what B．Why not C．What for D．Why me 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你为什么总是迟到？——那又怎样？我从未耽误工作。A. So what那又怎样；B. Why not为什么不；C. What for为何目的；D. Why me为什么是我。根据后文“I’ve never delayed work(我从未耽误工作)”可知，此处是在表达对总是迟到这件事的不在意，So what“那又怎样”符合语境。故选A。 15．（2024·天津·二模）—Did you have a wonderful time in Hainan last week? —______. It was extremely hot and the food there didn’t suit me. A．That’s right B．I couldn’t agree more C．Not really D．Very good 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你上星期在海南玩得愉快吗？——不完全是。天气非常热，那里的食物不适合我。A. That’s right没错；B. I couldn’t agree more我完全同意；C. Not really不完全是；D. Very good很好。根据答语中It was extremely hot and the food there didn’t suit me可以判断出，回答者玩得并不开心。 故选C。 16．（2024·天津和平·二模）— Is your baby any better now? —_______. She just ate too much and brought up all the things she ate. A．Nothing serious B．Nothing special. C．Nothing else D．Nothing better 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你的宝宝现在好些了吗？——没什么大问题。她只是吃得太多，把吃的东西都吐出来了。A. Nothing serious没什么大问题；B. Nothing special没什么特别的，一般，马马虎虎；C. Nothing else没有别的；D. Nothing better并没有更好。根据回答中提到的“她只是吃得太多，把吃的东西都吐出来了”，这表明宝宝的情况不是很严重，只是暂时的不适，因此答案是A. Nothing serious，表明宝宝没有什么大碍。故选A。 17．（2024·天津和平·二模）—Should we go hiking in the mountains this weekend? —The weather forecast doesn’t look good. _______ and plan an indoor activity instead. A．Better play it safe B．It’s better than nothing C．I can’t agree more D．Take it easy 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——这个周末我们去爬山好吗？——天气预报看起来不太好。为了安全起见，最好计划一个室内活动。A. Better play it safe最好谨慎行事；B. It’s better than nothing总比什么都没有好；C. I can’t agree more我完全同意；D. Take it easy放松。根据“The weather forecast doesn’t look good”和“and plan an indoor activity instead”可知，此处是指要谨慎行事，为了安全起见。故选A。 18．（2024·天津河东·二模）—I’m wondering if Linda will agree to our plan. —________ A．I’m afraid so. B．Leave me alone. C．It doesn’t hurt to ask. D．Sure, it is! 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我在想琳达是否会同意我们的计划。——问问也无妨。A. I’m afraid so.恐怕是这样；B. Leave me alone.别烦我；C. It doesn’t hurt to ask.问问也无妨；D. Sure, it is!当然，它是。根据上下句句意可知，此处为短句It doesn’t hurt to ask“问问也无妨”，满足句意要求。故选C项。 19．（2024·天津河东·二模）—Dad, will you help me through the work please? —________ A．Come on! B．You have my word. C．You must be kidding. D．Cheer up! 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——爸爸，你能帮我完成工作吗？——我向你保证。A. Come on!加油；B. You have my word.我向你保证；C. You must be kidding.你在开玩笑吧；D. Cheer up!加油。根据上下句句意可知，此处为短句You have my word“我向你保证”，满足句意要求。故选B项。 20．（2024·天津·二模）— I’ll never understand physics. It’s so complicated! — __________. With effort and patience, you can definitely master it! A．Never say never B．Hard to say C．No wonder D．Never mind 【答案】A 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——我永远也搞不懂物理。太复杂了！——永不说不。只要努力和耐心，你一定能掌握它！A. Never say never永远不要说不；B. Hard to say难以确定；C. No wonder难怪；D. Never mind没关系。结合语境以及下文中的“With effort and patience, you can definitely master it!”可知，只要努力和耐心就可以掌握，所以，此处应是劝说不要放弃，所以“永远不要说不”符合语境。故选A项。 21．（2024·天津·二模）—I heard John spent all his savings on that fancy car! — __________. That’s not like him at all. A．You can’t be serious! B．Congratulations to him! C．I’m happy for him. D．That’s a good investment. 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我听说约翰把他所有的积蓄都花在那辆豪车上了！——你不是认真的吧！这一点也不像他。A. You can’t be serious! 你不是认真的吧！B. Congratulations to him! 祝贺他！C. I’m happy for him. 我为他高兴。D. That’s a good investment. 这是一项不错的投资。根据下文That’s not like him at all.可知，此处表示不相信对方说的话，认为对方在开玩笑。故选A。 22．（2024·天津·一模）— Are you going to have your essay published? —______ It’s too good an opportunity to miss. A．No problem! B．You bet. C．What for? D．Why bother? 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你的论文要发表吗？——没错。这是一个不容错过的好机会。A. No problem!没问题；B. You bet.当然，没错；C. What for?为什么；D. Why bother?何必呢。根据上下句句意可知，此处为短语You bet“当然，没错”，满足句意要求。故选B项。 23．（2024·天津·一模）— Skipping breakfast is a good way to lose weight. —______. Actually it has the opposite effect. A．I can’t agree more B．That’s not the case C．That’s it D．I’m glad to know that 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——不吃早餐是减肥的好方法。——事实并非如此。实际上它有相反的效果。A. I can’t agree more我完全同意；B. That’s not the case事实并非如此；C. That’s it就是这样；D. I’m glad to know that听到这个我很高兴。根据上下句句意可知，此处为短句That’s not the case“事实并非如此”，满足句意要求。故选B项。 24．（2024·山东济南·二模）— Would you please go out for a walk with me? — ______, but I’m too busy at that moment. A．That’s right B．Of course not C．I’d like to D．With pleasure 【答案】C 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——你能和我一起出去散步吗?——我很想去，但是我现在太忙了。A. That’s right没错；B. Of course not当然不；C. I’d like to我想去；D. With pleasure十分愿意。对于“Would you like... ? ”提出的建议或要求，委婉的拒绝用“I’d like/love to, but...”。故选C。 25．（2024·天津·二模）—Do you know who designed the mascots of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou? —______. Zhang Wen, a teacher of China Academy of Art. A．You got me there B．Hold your horses C．You bet D．You have a point there 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你知道第19届杭州亚运会吉祥物是谁设计的吗？——当然。张文，中国美术学院教师。A. You got me there你把我难住了；B. Hold your horses慢一点，不要着急；C. You bet当然；D. You have a point there你说得有道理。根据前文“Do you know who designed the mascots of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou?”可知，对方在提问，所以应用C项“You bet”来肯定地回答对方的问题，表示自己确实知道答案。故选C项。 26．（2024·天津河西·三模）—I’m afraid I can’t pass the English exam. — ______. It can’t be as difficult as you expected. A．Not to worry B．Take your time C．That’s right D．I have no idea 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我恐怕无法通过英语考试。——不用担心，它不会像你预期的那么难。A. Not to worry不用担心；B. Take your time慢慢来；C. That’s right没错； D. I have no idea我不知道。根据下文“It can’t be as difficult as you expected”可知，此处是在安慰对方不必担心，因为英语考试会像你预期的那么难。故选A。 27．（2024·天津·二模）—Do you think you will be able to finish your term paper by this weekend? —_______. I am occupied with experiments these days. A．Not a little B．No wonder C．Not a chance D．Not to mention it 【答案】C 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——你认为你能在这个周末之前完成你的学期论文吗?——不可能，我一整天将都在忙试验。A.  Not a little很，十分，许多；B. No wonder难怪；C. Not a chance不可能 ；D. Not to mention it不客气。根据下文的“I am occupied with experiments these days (我一整天将都在忙试验)”可知，此处应该是不可能完成论文的，所以用Not a chance表示“不可能”符合语境。故选C项。 28．（2024·天津南开·一模）—Why don’t we go to a movie? —________ A．I’m game. B．What’s up? C．What a relief! D．I really envy you. 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我们为什么不去看电影呢？——我愿意去。A. I’m game.表示“我愿意尝试”；B. What’s up? 表示“怎么了？”；C. What a relief!表示“可轻松了！” ；D. I really envy you.表示“我真羡慕你。”。前一说话者“Why don’t we go to a movie?”提议去看电影，回答者应是说自己愿意。故选A。 29．（2024·天津红桥·一模）—Are you content with your present job? -—______. I prefer one with flexible hours. A．That all depends B．It’s a pity C．Not in the least D．You can bet on that 【答案】C 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——你对现在的工作满意吗?——一点也不。我喜欢时间灵活的工作。A. That all depends那还得看情况；B. It’s a pity真可惜；C. Not in the least一点也不；D. You can bet on that没错，当然。根据“I prefer one with flexible hours.”可知，对现在的工作一点也不满意。故选C。 30．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—I’ll enter the speech competition tomorrow. —________. A．Good luck B．With pleasure C．Congratulations D．Good idea 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我明天要参加演讲比赛。——祝你好运。A. Good luck祝你好运；B. With pleasure很乐意；C. Congratulations!祝贺你；D. Good idea好主意。结合语境可知，要祝福参赛的人，空格处应表达“祝你好运”，故用Good luck。故选A。 31．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—How is everything with you? —________. A．Well, pretty good B．How do you do C．No, I don’t think so D．And you 【答案】A 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你一切都好吗？——嗯，很好。A. Well, pretty good嗯，很好；B. How do you do你好；C. No, I don’t think so不，我不这么认为；D. And you那你呢。对方问是否一切都好，空格处应表达“很好”，故用Well, pretty good。故选A。 32．（2024·天津·一模）—What happened? Your boss seems to ______. —Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press? A．be over the moon B．laugh his head off C．be all ears D．let off steam 【答案】D 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——发生了什么？你的老板似乎在发脾气。——你不知道他的秘书把秘密报告泄露给新闻界了吗？A. be over the moon非常高兴；B. laugh his head off狂笑，笑掉大牙；C. be all ears全神贯注地倾听；D. let off steam发泄怒气。根据上下文句意可知，此处为固定短语let off steam“发泄怒气”，满足句意要求。故选D项。 33．（2024·天津·一模）—I couldn’t think too highly of the Spirng Gala, where many advanced and popular elements are adopted to present the splendid stage effect. “— ______. I had to stay in hospital the whole night due to a car accident and missed it. A．Good luck B．I mean it C．Just my luck D．By all means 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我对春晚的评价不能再高了，它采用了许多先进和流行的元素来呈现精彩的舞台效果。——我真倒霉。因为一场车祸，我不得不在医院住了一晚上，错过了。A. Good luck好运；B. I mean it我是认真的；C. Just my luck真倒霉；D. By all means一定，务必。根据上下文句意可知，此处为固定短语Just my luck“真倒霉”，满足句意要求。故选C项。 34．（23-24高二下·天津·阶段练习）— William didn’t show up at the get-together last night. —________? He’s always taking an active part in such activities. A．Why not B．What for C．How come D．So what 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——威廉没有出现在昨晚的聚会上。——怎么回事？他总是积极参加这样的活动。A. Why not为什么不呢；B. What for为什么，有什么用处；C. How come怎么回事；D. So what那又怎样。根据空后“He’s always taking an active part in such activities.”可知，威廉总是积极参加这样的活动而没有出现在昨晚的聚会上，此处是问怎么回事，故选C。 35．（2024·天津河东·一模）－How do you find this film. John? - ______. A．I find it at the cinema B．By chance C．Oh, very interesting D．No wonder 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——约翰，你觉得这部电影怎么样？——哦，非常有趣！A. I find it at the cinema我在电影院里找到的；B. By chance偶然地；C. Oh, very interesting哦，非常有趣；D. No wonder怪不得。根据上文“How do you find this film. John?(约翰，你觉得这部电影怎么样？)”可知此处在向约翰询问有关对电影的看法，C项“Oh, very interesting哦，非常有趣”表达的含义符合语境，故选C项。 二、翻译 36．（23-24高三上·上海宝山·三模）在填写高考志愿时，如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时，你会怎样妥善处理？（agree） 【答案】While filling in the college entrance examination application, if your idea doesn’t agree on your parents’, how would you like to solve it properly? 【详解】 考查状语从句中的省略、状语从句和动词。表示“在填写高考志愿时”应为时间状语从句，引导词为while，表示“填写高考志愿”应为fill in the college entrance examination application，结合句意，该句描述的是动作在进行，从句主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词，所以从句可以省去“主语+be动词”，应译为while filling in the college entrance examination application，位于句首时，while的首字母需大写；表示“如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时”应为if引导的条件状语从句，表示“你的意见”应为your idea，表示“你的父母的意见”可以使用所有格形式your parents’，表示“相左”也就是“不一致”应为agree on的否定形式，结合句意可知，条件状语从句描述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，主语your idea为第三人称单数，所以表示“不一致”应为doesn’t agree on，所以条件状语从句译为if your idea doesn’t agree on your parents’；表示“你会怎样妥善处理”应为特殊疑问句，表示“怎样”应为how，表示“妥善处理”应为solve it properly，表示“你会……”应为you would like to do sth.，在疑问句中，将would提至主语之前，所以主句应译为how would you like to solve it properly。故翻译为While filling in the college entrance examination application, if your idea doesn’t agree on your parents’, how would you like to solve it properly? 37．（2024·上海长宁·一模）只有坚持理想和信念，并做好失败的准备，一切看起来不可能战胜的困难终将迎刃而解。(Only) 【答案】Only by holding our ideals and beliefs, and being prepared for failure can all the problems that seem to be unable to conquer be solved at last. 【详解】考查部分倒装。表示“只有做某事”应用only by doing，only+状语位于句首，句子应用部分倒装。表示“坚持理想和信念”应用hold our ideals and beliefs。表示“做好失败的准备”应用be prepared for failure。表示“能够”应用情态动词can。表示“一切困难”应用all the problems，表示“看起来不可能战胜的”应用定语从句，在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为problems，所以应用关系代词that，表示“看起来不可能战胜”应用seem to be unable to conquer。表示“解决”应用动词solve，和主语构成被动关系。表示“最终”应用at last。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为Only by holding our ideals and beliefs, and being prepared for failure can all the problems that seem to be unable to conquer be solved at last. 38．（2024·上海一模·）我们唯有充分利用时间、斗志昂扬， 才能开创美好未来。（Only) 【答案】Only by making full use of/making the most of time and being in high spirits / being eager(willing) to fight (struggle) can we create(develop/shape) a wonderful(splendid/beautiful/bright) future. (或者only when/if...) 【详解】考查倒装句，情态动词和短语。表示“唯有”应用only；表示“充分利用时间”应用making full use of/making the most of time；表示“斗志昂扬”应用being in high spirits / being eager(willing) to fight (struggle)；表示“开创”应用create(develop/shape)；表示“美好未来”可用wonderful(splendid/beautiful/bright) future。分析句意和提示可知，此句应用only来引导部分倒装的句型。可用only加状语/状语从句位于句首。故翻译为Only by making full use of/making the most of time and being in high spirits / being eager(willing) to fight (struggle) can we create(develop/shape) a wonderful(splendid/beautiful/bright) future. (或者only when/if...)。 39．（2024·上海·三模）这位忧心忡忡的母亲直到成功为她一周没吃过蔬菜的儿子在送餐应用上抢到了2公斤 卷心菜，才感到如释重负。(Not until …) （汉译英） 【答案】Not until this anxious/worried/concerned mother succeeded in ordering two kilograms of cabbage on the food-delivery app for her son, who hadn’t eaten vegetables for a week, did she feel relieved. 【详解】考查短语、时态、定语从句和倒装。not until直到……才……，位于句首，主句要部分倒装。 succeeded in doing sth.成功做某事； two kilograms of 两公斤； on the food-delivery app 在送餐应用上；for a week(持续)一星期。句中先行词为her son，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Not until this anxious/worried/concerned mother succeeded in ordering two kilograms of cabbage on the food-delivery app for her son, who hadn’t eaten vegetables for a week, did she feel relieved. 40．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）我刚才一不小心点了“提交申请”，还有可能撤回吗？(there be) 【答案】I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by mistake/accident, so is there any possibility of withdrawing it? 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、there be句型的一般疑问句式。表示“点击”含义的表达为：click (on)，因句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时；表示“刚刚”含义的表达为：just；表示“提交申请”含义的表达为：Submit Application；表示“不小心”含义的表达为：by mistake或by accident；表示“还有可能撤回吗？”含义的表达为：is there any possibility of withdrawing it?，该句为一般疑问句，因句子表达的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，用so连接，故翻译为：I have just clicked (on) “Submit Application” by mistake/accident, so is there any possibility of withdrawing it? 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$