Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parksSection B 知识点总结 2024-2025学年人教版八年级下册

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.Section B 知识点总结 1 I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me. (1) set up 建起；设立 辨析：set up 与build set up “建起；设立” 后常接某一组织、机构、团体等。 build “建造；建筑” 后接建筑物。 (2) disabled /dɪs'eɪbld/ adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的 disabled 既可作定语也可作表语。disable（v. 使残疾；使失去能力）；disability（n. 残疾；障碍）。 Many disabled workers are working in this factory.许多残疾工人在这家工厂工作。（作定语） Although he was disabled, he made great achievements.虽然他是残疾的，但他取得了伟大的成就。（作表语） The accident disabled him from playing basketball again.那次事故使他不能再打篮球了。 His physical disability does not prevent him from pursuing his dreams. 他的身体残疾并没有阻止他追求他的梦想。 拓展：构词法记单词 一些词加否定前缀dis-可构成它的反义词： appear → disappear advantage →disadvantage agree → disagree honest → dishonest 2 You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it + adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)使做某事…… They will put more effort into AI guide dogs and make them available to people in need. 他们将在人工智能导盲犬上投入更多努力，让有需要的人可以使用它们。 He found it very interesting to visit Harbin in winter.他发现冬天去哈尔滨旅游很有趣。 We think it useful to read aloud. 我们认为大声朗读有用。 拓展：其他常见的类似结构： find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事是…… think it + adj. + to do sth. 认为做某事是…… 3 Lucky makes a big difference to my life. make a difference to 影响；有作用 My parents’ words make a big difference to me.我父母的话对我影响很大。 Small things can also make a great difference to your life.小事情也能对你的生活产生大的影响。 Luckily, the cold air made no difference to the plants.幸运的是，冷空气对植物没有影响。 拓展：make a difference 中difference 前可以加big, great等词来修饰。 4 What would it be like to be blind or deaf? blind /blaɪnd/ adj. 瞎的；失明的 blind 的常见用法： ① be blind in the left/right eye 左/右眼看不见 ② be blind to sth. 对某事视而不见 ③ turn a blind eye to sth. 对某事佯装不见 He is blind in the left eye. 他左眼看不见。 He helped the blind girl find the bank.他帮助盲人女孩找到了银行。 She was blind to the realities of her position.她对自己处境的真实情况视而不见。 Jim often turns a blind eye to those who need help in class.吉姆经常对那些在课堂上需要帮助的人佯装不见。 It’s our duty to help the blind. 帮助盲人是我们的义务。 5 Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. (重点)imagine /ɪ'mædʒɪn/ v. 想象；设想 imagine 的常见用法： ① imagine+ 名词/ 代词 想象…… ② imagine (sb.) doing sth.想象（某人）做某事 ③ imagine + 从句想象…… Can you imagine your future? 你能想象一下你的未来吗？ Imagine going on vacation to space! 想象一下去太空度假! I can’t imagine what he looks like. 我想象不出他是什么长相。 拓展：imagine的名词形式为imagination，意为 “想象力；想象”。 Technology gives workers the chance to use their imagination.科技给了工人们运用他们的想象力的机会。 6 Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties. (高频)difficulty /'dɪfɪkəlti/ n. 困难；难题（ difficulty既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。） difficulty 的常用词组： ① have difficulties with sth. 在某事上有困难 ② have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 ③ without difficulty 容易地；毫不费力地 ④ with difficulty 困难地 ⑤ in difficulty 处境困难 The girl has difficulties with math. 这个女孩在数学方面有困难。 As a foreigner, he has difficulty speaking Chinese.作为一名外国人，他说汉语有困难。 He finished the work without any difficulty.他轻而易举地完成了这项工作。 The city’s film industry is in difficulty.该市的电影业举步维艰 拓展：difficulty 的形容词形式为difficult，意为“困难的；难解的”。 It’s difficult for them to get here early before seven.他们很难在七点以前早早地来到这里。 7 ...opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. (1) open /'əʊpən/ v. 开；打开（反义词为close，意为“关闭”） Can you help me to open the car door? 你能帮我打开车门吗？ Please turn on the computer. I will work on it.请打开电脑。我要在电脑上工作。 辨析：open 与turn on open 指把合着或闭着的东西打开，如门、窗、盒子、书本等。 turn on 指打开或接通开关，如煤气、水龙头、电器等。 拓展：open 还可作形容词，用法如下： 1）开（着）的；张开的（反义词closed） A wasp flew in the open window.一只黄蜂飞进了开着的窗子。 2）开门的；营业中的 （反义词closed） The market is open from 5:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.市场从早上五点开到晚上十点。 Look! The bookstore is open now.看！现在书店在营业中。 3）开放的；思想开明的 We must face difficulties with an open mind.我们必须以开放的心态面对困难。 (2) carry /'kæri/ v. 拿；提；扛 辨析：carry，take，bring 与get carry “拿；扛；提” 没有方向性，具有负重的含义，表示搬运、携带。 take “拿走；带走” 指把人或物从说话者所在的地方带到别处。（有方向性） bring “拿来；带来” 指把人或物从别的地方带到说话者所在的地方。（有方向性） get “去取；去拿；得到” 指到某地去把某人或某物带来/ 拿来。（表示来回） Look! An old lady is carrying a big box.看！一位老太太正提着一个大箱子。 I never carry much money on me. 我身上从不带很多钱。 Please take these things to your room.请把这些东西带到你的房间。 Can you bring me some fruit? 你能给我带一些水果来吗？ I’m sorry I can’t get books for you. 对不起，我不能去给你拿书。 8 She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. train /treɪn/ v. 训练；培训 train 的常用搭配： ① train sb./sth. to do sth.训练某人/某物去做某事 ② train sb. in sth. 在某方面训练某人 He trained his pet dog to climb trees. 他训练他的宠物狗爬树。 We train waiters in customer service skills.我们培训服务员客户服务技能。 I’m afraid you need lots of training. 恐怕你需要大量的训练。 拓展：train 还可作名词，意为“火车”。 On the 12306 phone app, if a train has a quiet car, you will find a “quiet” sign. 在12306 手机应用程序上，如果火车上有安静车厢，你会发现一个“安静”的标志。 拓展：train 的相关词： training n. 训练；培训 trainer n. 教练员 9 I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog. (高频)excited /ɪk'saɪtɪd/ adj. 激动的；兴奋的 excited 的常用搭配： ① be excited about...对……感到兴奋 ② be excited to do sth.对做某事感到很兴奋 All of us were excited about the result.我们都对这个结果感到激动。 She was excited to learn the news. 她得知这消息很兴奋。 What an exciting film it is!它是多么令人兴奋的一部电影啊！ 辨析：exciting 与excited excited “激动的；兴奋的”，常作表语，主语一般是人。 exciting “使人激动的；令人兴奋的”，常作定语或表语。作表语时，主语一般是物。 拓展： excited 的相关词形： 1）excite v. 使兴奋；使激动 The news excited me very much.这则消息让我很兴奋。 2）excitement n. 兴奋 The news caused great excitement among her friends.这消息使她的朋友们兴奋不已。 10 You see, I’m only able to have a “dog helper” because of your kindness! (1) be able to do sth. 能够做某事 Practice memorizing articles, and you will be able to say complete sentences. 练习记忆文章你就能说出完整的句子。 Sometimes we can guess the meaning of the new word in the sentence. 有时我们可以猜出句子中生词的意思。 辨析：be able to 与can be able to 有人称和数的变化，用于各种时态。后接动词原形。 can 没有人称和数的变化，一般用于一般现在时。 (2) kindness /'kaɪndnəs/ n. 仁慈；善良 He leaves the house to his sister in return for her kindness.他把房子留给他的姐姐以报答她的善良。 It is a kindness I shall never forget.这是我永远不会忘记的善行。 拓展：构词法记单词 kindness 是由“形容词kind +-ness（名词后缀）”构成。有些形容词加后缀-ness 可以构成名词表示性质、状态或特点。类似的词有：ill ness（疾病）；shyness（害羞）；sadness（伤心）；happiness（幸福；快乐）；loneliness（孤独）等。 11 Lucky is very clever and understands many English words. (1) clever /'klevə(r)/ adj. 聪明的；聪颖的 clever 既可作定语也可作表语，其比较级为cleverer或more clever；最高级为cleverest 或most clever。 Tom is a clever boy. 汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。（作定语） The little girl is so clever that everyone likes her.这个小女孩如此聪明，人人都喜欢她。（作表语） (2) understand / ʌndə(r)'stænd/ v. 理解；领会 understand 作及物动词时，后接名词、代词或宾语从句；也可作不及物动词。其过去式、过去分词均为understood。 He did not understand the importance of this question.他不理解这个问题的重要性。 I don’t understand what you’re talking about.我不明白你在说什么。 I’m not sure that I understand. 我不确信我搞懂了。 拓展：understanding n. 理解；了解；adj. 善解人意的；体谅人的 My understanding was that he would like to find a new supplier.我的理解是他想找一个新的供应商。 Because she is understanding, people around her believe in her.因为她善解人意，周围的人都相信她。 12 Thank you again for changing my life. change /tʃeɪndʒ/ v. & n. 变化；改变 change 的常见短语： ① change one’s mind 改变主意 ② change the world 改变世界 ③ change into 变成 拓展1：change作动词可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词；作名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。 Nothing will make me change my mind.没有什么能让我改变主意。 She has now changed into a happy, self-confident woman.她现在已经变成了一个快乐、自信的女人。 Great changes have taken place in our country.我们国家已经发生了很大的变化。 拓展2：change 还可作不可数名词，意为“零钱”。 Don’t forget your change! 别忘了找给你的零钱！ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$