Unit 4 History and Traditions【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语单元速记•巧练（人教版2019必修第二册）

Unit 4 History and Traditions 【01单元引言解读 】 A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.—Marcus Garvey 释义：本单元的名人名言意为“一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树”。通过类比，形象地阐明了历史起源及其所蕴含文化的重要性 启示：历史是一个民族兴衰更替的见证；历史就像一面镜子，无论正确与否，它都可以给予客观的、真实的评价；历史凝聚着古代先贤的智慧。历史是照亮人类未来行程的智慧之光，对于社会和个人的发展具有重要的指导意义。学习历史可以增强文化认同感，重建民族自信心；学习历史可以形成正确的人生观和价值观。 【02单元内容】 The theme of this unit is the history and traditions of the countries and people of the world. It belongs to the topic of man and society.This is presented from a cultural and historical viewpoint, which aims to promote our cultural understanding to analyze the cultural connotation we encounter in daily life. We will begin by studying the historic sites of Qufu and its most famous resident Confucius.We will learn about the history of names of the United Kingdom.We will study using feelings to express and describe personal experiences and read about beautiful Ireland. Finally, we will present a poster about the traditions of the chosen place. It is hoped that we can use the information in this unit to reflect upon our own and other cultures and histories. 【03课标要求】 核心素养 课标要求 语言能力 语言知识 语音 复习连读的发音规则，能够在日常交际中运用连读规则，准确辨音和正确发音。 词汇 能正确使用与主题“历史和传统”相关的词和词块来理解和表达。 语法 学习和掌握过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的用法。 语篇 1.阅读记述英国历史及地理概况的说明性文本，有效获取和梳理信息。 2.阅读和理解景物描写文段所蕴含的深层含义和作者情感，分析其语言特征和修辞手法。 语用 1.能够在日常交际中自然得体地表达兴奋、惊讶、失望等情感。 2.能够对熟悉地点的景物等进行比较生动、细致的描写。 语言技能 听 听一段中外学生在去孔庙路上的对话，了解他们对孔子、孔庙以及孔子教育思想的看法，从而体会、思考孔子及其思想对中国历史传统的深远影响。有助于学生感悟历史、传统、文化等。 说 通过听青年旅店招待员和背包客的对话，学生结对，互相介绍自己准备的历史文化景点，得体生动地进行表达。 读 1.运用不同的阅读策略阅读“英国历史”，了解英国地理、社会及文化概况，深入思考历史和文化的关系； 2.阅读文章，反思和探索国内尤其是身边景点的历史文化价值。 写 能正确运用适当的修辞手法写一篇主题为“My Favorite place”的文章，关注与感官感受相关联的用词与表达。 看 观看"伦敦概况"的视频，深化学生对历史和传统的重要性的理解。 学习能力 1.平时能够注意积累英语习语;在听的过程中，能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。 2.在阅读中，能够从地图中获取相关的地理文化信息，以提高读图的能力。 文化意识 1.了解中国、英国、俄罗斯、爱尔兰、巴西、希腊、埃及等多个国家的悠久历史和文化传统。 2.在了解的基础上，积极思考历史、文化和传统的重要性及现实意义。 思维品质 在理解听力、阅读文本的基础上，能够结合自己的生活和学习需要及相关历史文化知识等，观察和分析语言和文化现象，了解相关国家悠久历史和特色传统的文化内涵和现实意义，思考历史与现实的辩证关系。 【单元目标】 By the end of the unit, we will be able to: 1.illustrate the specific facts about Confucius, accumulate more idioms, and analyze the history and traditions of China, the UK and Ireland to appreciate different cultures and traditions. 2.explore some historic places at home and abroad,collect specific information to reflect the impact of cultures and traditions, and share your own experiences. 3.write about a place by describing different senses and detailed information to explore its historical and cultural values. 4.express your attitude towards other traditions and history, promote Chinese cultures actively ,and absorb excellent cultures from other countries. 【单元任务】 Our school will hold an International Culture Week, and each class will exhibit a poster on behalf of a country. Now your class needs to choose one country and make a poster to introduce it. Try to find more information of its history and traditions. 【学习导航&评价预设】 Period Stage Task Form of targets Criteria 1 period Overall Perception Activate your knowledge about Confucius and the UK 1.Theme-related vocabulary mind map. 2.The history and traditions you know about Confucius and the UK. I can describe a historical place I have ever been to and express my feelings about its history and traditions. 6 periods Exploration& Construction Retell the history of UK in time order; Introduce the traditions of a country or city; Write a speech about the chosen topic 1.Conversation on Confucius’s ideas on education and its influence. 2.Description of the detailed history of UK in time order. 3.A visit to a historic tourist destination. 4.A travel to beautiful Ireland and its traditions. 5. Introduction of the traditions of a country or city. 6.A speech whose topic is my family treasure and traditions. 7.Description of a historic city and recommendation. 8.Different senses in different places. 1. I can speak out the influence and idea on education of Confucius. 2. I can retell the history of UK in time order. 3.I can introduce a historic place in my own words and recommend it to others. 4. I can describe different places in different senses. 2 periods Application& Transfer Explore different aspects about traditions and history 1. A poster about the traditions of a country or city. 2. Presentations by different groups. 3. Detailed descriptions of the traditions. I can introduce the traditions of a country or city in my own words including different traditions and a poster with photos or drawings. 3 periods Reconstruction & Expansion Reconstruct the mind map of history and traditions. Theme-based mind map of the whole unit. I can build up a mind map of this unit, including four aspects: knowledge, ability, logic and value. 【04单元必背词汇篇】 1. Confucius n.孔子 Confucian  [kənˈfju:ʃən] adj. 孔子的；儒学的；儒家的 Confucianism n.儒学 2. philosophy n. 哲学 philosopher [fɪˈlɒsəfə] n. 哲学家 philosophical adj.哲学的 Psychology n.心理学 psychological adj.心理学的 psychologist n. 心理学家 3. descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙= offspring ancestor n.祖先；祖宗= forefather n.祖先 4. individual a. 单独的；个别的；独特的 n. 个人 individual requirements 个别需求 individual well-being 个人幸福 individual privacy 个人隐私 5. chief a. 最重要的；首要的 n. 首领 chief editor 主编 chief executive officer 首席执行官 chef n.主厨；厨师长 6. puzzle n 谜 ; 疑问 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 7. nearby [ˌnɪəˈbaɪ] adv. 在附近 adj. 附近的;邻近的(常在名词前) 8. Join a to b 把a和b连接起来= connect a with b joint adj.共同的；联合的 n.接合处；关节 joint efforts 共同努力 9. break away from (sb./sth.) 脱离；逃脱；背叛 break in 打断; 插嘴 break into 闯入…; 破门而入 break out (战争，灾难，疾病)爆发 break up 分解;解散;(关系等)破裂 break down 损坏;发生故障；身体累垮；精神崩溃 break through 突破 10. belong to 属于 无被动/无进行 belongings (一定用复数） n. 所有物；财产；财物 a sense of belonging 归属感 11. as well as / together with / along with 和…； 以及… 谓语用“就远原则” as well as 位于句首且后接动词时，要用动名词形式 除了… 之外(还) = besides 介词+doing 就近原则：谓语动词的单复数取决于靠近它的词语 "there be＋句型; either …or；neither…nor；not only…but also",等。 就远原则 → 谓语动词的单复数取决于离它远的词语 as well as；with; together/along with rather than; in addition to; except; besides; apart from; including currency n. 货币；通货 （U/ C） n. 通用；流传（U） foreign currencies 外汇 have wide curency 广为流传 current adj.当前的；流行的 current situation 当前的局势 current affairs/events 时事 defence / defense n 防御；保卫 in defence of = in one’s defence 为…辩护；保卫 military defence 军事防御 defend v. 辩护；保卫 defend … from/against … 保护…免受伤害；保卫…= protect/ shelter/ preserve legal adj. 合法的; 法律的 [反] illegal adj. 不合法的 legal system 法律制度 legal adviser 法律顾问 legality n.合法 legislate v.立法 surround vt. 包围;围绕 be surrounded by/with 被…包围 surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的（只做前置定语） surroundings n. [pl.] 环境 evidence 证据；证明 = proof a piece of evidence 一条证据 evident adj. 明显的 It is evident/obvious/apparent/noticeable that… 很明显… achievement 成就；成绩; 达到 = accomplishment make an achievement/ achievements 取得成就 a sense of achievement 成就感 achieve vt. 达到；实现 achieve one’s aim/goal/ dream = realize one’s … 达到目的、实现目标 achievable adj. 可达到的；可实现的 location n. 地点；位置 locate vt. 找到…的位置 坐落于、位于: be located in conquer vt. 占领；征服；控制 conqueror n. 征服者 battle n. 战役；搏斗 vt. 搏斗；奋斗 battle with/against the enemy 与敌人战斗 battle for … 为…而奋斗；为…而战 类似：fight/struggle for/ agaisnt port n. 港口 = habor export vt. 出口 import vt. 进口 transport vt. 运输 fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 fascinate v.吸引；迷住 fascinated adj.入迷的 fascination n. 入迷；着迷；吸引力 keep your eyes open （for sth. /sb.） 留心；留意 Keep up with 跟上；赶上 Keep track of 了解...动态；追踪 Keep in touch with 与...保持联系 Keep doing sth 继续做某事 Keep/ stay/ remain healthy 保持健康 Keep doing sth. 一直做某事 charge v. 收费; 控告, 起诉; 主管; 充电 n. 收费; 控告; 主管, 掌管; 电荷 free of charge: 免费 charge ( sb.) sth. ( for sth.)收费... charge sb. with + 罪行 指控某人... take charge of…: 负责; 主管 sb. be in charge of…: 负责; 主管 sth. be in the charge of…: 由…（某人）负责/主管 charge the battery 给电池充电 Charger 充电器 Run out of charge 没电力 announce vt. 宣布；声称 announcement n. 通知；宣告 make an announcement 宣布；通知 amount n. 数量；金额 a large/huge amount of +不可名[U] ----- 作主语，谓语用“单数” large/huge amounts of +不可名[U] ---- 作主语，谓语用“复数” 【05单元词汇识别】 【核心词汇短语】 1 His hometown doesn't allow_other_buildings_to_be more noticeable than the historic buildings. (教材P38) 他的家乡不允许其他建筑比这座历史建筑更引人注目。 归纳 拓展 (1)allow ... to do ... 允许……做…… (2)allow for sb./sth. 考虑到；估计到；把……计算在内 (3)allow of sth. 容许；使有可能 ①You never allow personal problems to affect your performance. 绝不要让个人问题影响你的表现。 ②The children are not_allowed_to_watch violent TV programmes. 儿童不准收看含暴力内容的电视节目。 ③How much must we allow_for the shrink? 要留多少缩水长度？ ④The facts allow_of only one explanation. 这些事实只可能有一种解释。 2 announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称(教材P42) 归纳 拓展 (1)announce sth. to sb.＝ announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布/通知某事 announce (to sb.) that ... (向某人)宣布……；通知(某人) It is announced that ... 据宣布……(that引导主语从句) (2)announcement n. (一项)公告，布告，通告；(指行动)宣布，宣告 make an announcement 发布通告 ①The teacher announced_to_us_the_experiment_result at the beginning of the first class. 第一节课开始的时候，老师就向我们宣布了实验结果。 ②We are pleased to announce_that all five candidates were successful. 我们高兴地宣布，五位候选人全都当选了。 ③It_is_announced_that the sports meet will be held next Tuesday. 据宣布，运动会将在下周二举行。 ④I will make_an_announcement to remind them that they should check their belongings. 我会发布通告提醒他们检查他们的携带物品。 名师点津　announce后不能跟双宾语，即不能用 announce sb. sth.，而要用 announce sth. to sb.。后面不能接双宾语的动词还有 suggest， explain， report， express等。 3 approach n. 方法；途径；接近　vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理　vi. 靠近(教材P42) 归纳 拓展 (1)be approaching 临近，靠近 with sth. approaching 在……临近的时候 (2)(an) approach to 接近；近似；(做某事)的方法/途径 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 ①Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 ②The best approach_to building up your body is to do exercise every day. 增强体质的最佳方法就是每天做运动。 ③With_the_Spring_Festival_approaching,_the experts' suggestion that tickets be booked online is of vital practice. 随着春节的临近，专家们网上订票的建议具有重要的实践意义。 ④Many birds fly south at_the_approach_of winter. 冬天来临之际，许多鸟都向南飞。 4 belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应(教材P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)belong to “属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态。 belong to a club/group/organization是俱乐部/团体/组织的成员 (2)belongings n. 财产，所有物 ①The students feel that they belong_to a particular group. 学生们感觉他们属于某一特定群体。 ②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Paper－cutting has a history of over 1,500 years, which belongs_to traditional art in China. 剪纸有1,500多年的历史，属于中国传统艺术。 ③She packed a few of her belongings in a bag and left. 她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。 5 break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱(教材P40) 归纳 拓展 break down (机器等)出故障，损坏；分解；崩溃；情绪失控 break in 闯入，破门而入；打断，插嘴 break into 破门而入；闯入 break off 折断；中断 break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生；爆发 break up 分解；打碎；破裂，分手 ①The robber broke_away_from the prison. 抢劫犯从监狱逃脱了。 ②He broke_off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话说了一半就不说了。 6 charge n. 收费；指控；主管　vt. 收费；控告；充电(教材P42) 归纳 拓展 (1)take charge of 接管/负责…… in charge of 负责/主管…… in the charge of 受……的管理 free of charge 免费 (2)charge sb. (sth.) for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 ①Soon he will take_charge_of the department. 他很快会来接管这个部门。 ②There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge_for admission or not. 人们就博物馆是否应该收入场费有激烈的争论。 ③The man who had taken_charge_of the company was_charged_with taking drugs. 这个公司的负责人被指控吸毒。 7 chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的　n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长(教材P40) 归纳 拓展 chief engineer/judge 总工程师/审判长 Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官 Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官 ①Students are the chief parts of evaluation on teaching effect. 学生是教学效果评价的最重要的主体。 ②Chief Buthelezi was a brave Indian chief. 布特莱齐酋长是一位勇敢的印第安酋长。 8 Confucius n. 孔子(教材P38) 归纳 拓展 Temple of Confucius 孔庙； 夫子庙 Kong Family Mansion 孔府 Cemetery of Confucius 孔林 Confucius Institute 孔子学院(非营利性公益机构) Confucius culture 孔子文化 Confucius philosophy 孔子哲学 ①Confucius is considered the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages. 孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人。 ②The_Confucius_Temple is located 400 meters to the southwest of Yonghegong Station. 孔庙位于永和宫站西南400米处。 9 crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众　vt. 挤满；使……拥挤(教材P46) 归纳 拓展 (1)a crowd of/crowds of 成群的……；一群…… the crowd 群众；老百姓；凡夫俗子 (2)crowd around/round ... 聚集在……周围；聚拢 crowd ... into/onto ... 把……装满(或塞满)…… crowd into/onto ... 大批涌入(狭小的空间) ①There were crowds_of people waiting to get in. 有成群的人在等着进去。 ②He prefers to be one of the_crowd. 他宁愿做个凡夫俗子。 ③We all crowded_around the stove to keep warm. 我们都挤在炉边取暖。 ④Guests were_crowded_into the few remaining rooms. 客人们被塞进了剩下的几个房间。 10 defence n. 防御；保卫(教材P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)defence against sth. 防御物；防务；防御能力 in defence of 保护……；为……辩护 (2)defend v. 防御；保护；保卫 defend ... against/from ... 保护……免受……伤害 ①The immune system is our main defence_against disease. 免疫系统是我们抵御疾病的主要屏障。 ②Mr Green stood up in_defence_of the little boy. 格林先生站起来为这个小男孩辩护。 ③Our forefathers built this wall to defend_themselves_from invasion. 我们的祖先修筑这道城墙是为了保护他们不受侵略。 11 eager adj. 热切的；渴望的(教材P43) 归纳 拓展 (1)be eager for ... 急于得到…… be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 be eager that ... 热切希望……(从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略) (2)eagerly adv. 热切地 (3)eagerness n. 渴望；热切 with eagerness 热切地 ①Those fans are_eager_for a glimpse of the famous film star. 那些粉丝们渴望看那位著名影星一眼。 ②Many students are_eager_to_find a good way to have their written English improved in a short period. 许多学生渴望找到一个能在短期内提高英语写作水平的好方法。 ③Tom was_eager_for_you_to_come to the party. 汤姆殷切期盼你来参加晚会。 ④These children are_eager_that their parents come home earlier. 这些孩子很希望他们的父母能早点回家。 ⑤We eagerly look forward to working with you. 我们热切地盼望与您合作。 12 evidence n. 证据；证明(教材P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)There is some evidence that ... 有证据证明…… (2)evident adj. 明显的 It is evident that ... 很明显…… (3)evidently adv. 明显地，显然 ①There_is_a_lot_of_evidence_that stress is partly responsible for disease. 有很多证据证明压力是致病的部分原因。 ②It_was_evident_that she had once been a beauty. 很明显她曾是个美人。 ③Evidently,_he has not made up his mind yet. 显然他还没有拿定主意。 13 fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的(教材P41) 归纳 拓展 (1)fascinate v. 深深吸引；迷住 (2)fascinated adj. 入迷的；极感兴趣的 ①Madagascar is the most fascinating place I have ever been to. 马达加斯加是我去过的最迷人的地方。 ②It was a question that had_fascinated him since he was a boy. 这是他自幼就着迷的问题。 ③I'm fascinated by the beauty of Lijiang and Dali. 我被丽江和大理的美景迷住了。 14 generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的(教材P42) 归纳 拓展 (1)be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨/大方 be generous with sth. 在……上面很慷慨/大方 It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是宽宏大量/真大方。 (2)generosity n. 慷慨；大方；宽宏大量 (3)generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地 ①The old woman was_always_generous_to the poor boy. 那位老太太对这个可怜的男孩一直很大方。 ②He was_generous_with his time, for which I was grateful. 他那么慷慨花费自己的时间，对此我很感激。 ③I shall never forget the generosity shown by Chinese people. 我永远也不会忘记中国人的慷慨大方。 15 greet vt. 问候；迎接(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 (1)greet sb. with 以……迎接/接待某人 be greeted with/by 受到……的对待/接待 (2)greeting n. 问候；招呼；迎接；致意 ①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted_with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact. 首先迎接我们的是一群狗的吠叫，确切地说是七只。 ②She greeted us with a smile. 她微笑着向我们打招呼。 ③As I approached, she gave me a nod of greeting. 我走近时，她对我点头致意。 16 individual adj. 单独的；个别的　n. 个人(教材P39) 归纳 拓展 (1)individual resume 个人简介； 个人简历 individual account 个人账户 individual character 独特性；个性；个性人物 (2)individually adv. 单独地；个别地 ①Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 大多数人认为组建一支优秀的团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人。 ②The competition is open to both teams and individuals. 团队和个人均可参加比赛。 ③You can open one individual_account. 你可以开一个个人账户。 ④We'd better go in a group, not individually. 我们最好集体去，不要单个儿去。 17 keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意(教材P41) 归纳 拓展 keep的常见短语 keep back 阻止；隐瞒；抑制 keep away (from) 避开，远离 keep ... in mind 记住 keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系 keep off 不接近；远离 keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 keep up 继续，使维持较高水平 keep up with 跟上；与……保持联系 ①Keep_your_eyes_open_for a boy in a red cap and sweater. 你要留心注意一个戴红帽子，穿红运动衫的小男孩。 ②She shook her head and started to walk on. He kept_up_with her. 她摇了摇头开始往前走。他跟了上去。 ③The local police had warned visitors to keep_off the beach at night. 当地警方告诫游客不要在夜间去海滩。 ④If you don't keep_away_from the dog, you may be bitten. 如果你不避开那只狗，你可能会被咬伤。 18 legal adj. 法律的；合法的(教材P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)legal action 法律行动 legal advice 法律咨询/建议 legal battle 官司；法律纠纷 legal defence 法律辩护 legal department 法务部 legal documents 法律文件 legal expert 法律专家 legal guardian 法定监护人 (2)illegal adj. 不合法的；非法的；违法的 (3)legally adv. 合法地；法定地 ①Gambling is legal in some countries. 在某些国家里赌博是合法的。 ②It's illegal to drive through a red light. 开车闯红灯是违章行为。 ③The school is legally responsible for your child's safety. 学校对你的孩子负有法律上的安全责任。 19 ocean n. 大海；海洋(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 an ocean of ... 众多；大量 a drop in the ocean 沧海一粟；九牛一毛 ①The_Atlantic_Ocean separates America from Europe. 大西洋把美洲和欧洲分隔开来。 ②The ship was found after drifting on_the_ocean for six months. 那条船在海上漂流了6个月后被找到了。 ③What I am trying to do may be just a_drop_in_the_ocean. 我努力做的事情可能只是沧海一粟。 20 surround vt. 围绕；包围(教材P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)surround ... with ... 以……包围…… be surrounded by/with 被……包围 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的 (3)surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物 ①The building was surrounded_with police. 那栋房子被警察包围了。 ②To some people, happiness is_being_surrounded_by/with family and friends. 对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友包围着。 ③He likes to surround_himself_with amusing people. 他喜欢让自己的身边都是有趣的人。 ④Living in beautiful and comfortable surroundings,_we feel very happy. 生活在优美舒适的环境里，我们感到很幸福。 【核心句型】 1 as well as 同(一样也)；和；还(教材P40) 归纳 拓展 (1)A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的单复数随A的人称和数的变化而变化。 (2)as well as可以用来连接两个相同的成分，强调的重点在前面，不在后面。 (3)may/might as well 最好……；还是……为好；不妨 ①Amy, as_well_as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 艾米，还有她的哥哥们，上周回到村子的时候受到了热烈欢迎。 ②The weather is so bad that we might_as_well stay at home. 天气太糟了，我们最好待在家里。 2 As one of Confucius' descendants，Xiao Kong's name is recorded in the family tree.(教材P38) 作为孔子的后代之一，小孔的名字被记载在家谱上。 剖析 本句中as为介词，意为“作为”。 归纳 拓展 as作为连词引导从句的用法： (1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时，随着……”。 (2)引导方式状语从句，意为“以……方式”。 (3)引导原因状语从句，意为“由于”。 (4)引导比较状语从句，多用于as ... as ...或not so/as ... as ...结构，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，它所引导的比较状语从句多使用省略形式。 (5)引导让步状语从句，从句必须用倒装的形式，倒装时将表语(单数可数名词作表语时要省略冠词)、状语、谓语动词提前。 另外：as也可用作关系代词引导定语从句，意为“正如，如同”。 ①As you're not feeling well，you may stay at home. 由于你身体不好，你可以留在家里。 ②As_time_went_by,_she became more and more worried. 随着时间的流逝，她越来越担心。 ③You must do everything as_I_do. 你必须照我做的样子去做所有事。 ④I don't speak English so/as_well_as he (does)． 我讲英语没有他讲得那么好。 ⑤Child_as_he_was,_he knew what was the right thing to do. 尽管他是个孩子，他却知道什么是该做的事情。 ⑥As_was_expected,_he succeeded in passing the exam. 正如所预料的那样，他成功通过了考试。 3 Finally, in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which_resulted_in_the_full_name_we_have_today:_the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. (教材P40) 最后，在20世纪，南爱尔兰脱离英国，因此才有了今天英国的名字：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 剖析 句中which resulted in the full name we have today是which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which意为“这一点；这件事”，非限制定语从句中又含有一个省略了关系词that的限制性定语从句。 归纳 拓展 as/which引导的非限制性定语从句 (1)as与 which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，先行词可以是一个句子。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可以位于句首、句中、句末。 which引导的非限制性定语从句常位于句末。 (2)as具有“正如，像”等含义，而 which意为“这一点，这件事”。 ①Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。 ②As we know, the teacher is from Beijing. 正如我们所知，这位教师来自北京。 4 They had_castles_built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. (教材P41) 他们在英格兰到处建造城堡，并且更改了法律体系。 剖析 句中had castles built 为have sth.＋done结构，宾语castles与build之间为被动关系，故用过去分词built作宾语补足语。 归纳 拓展 在此结构中，have为使役动词，意为“使，让”，可表示三种含义 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。 (2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与，也可能不参与)。 (3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。 ①I had_that_door_painted last week. 上星期我请人给那扇门刷了油漆。 ②We must have_the_work_finished by Tuesday. 我们必须在星期二之前完成此项工作。 ③I had_my_leg_broken when I got off the bus. 下车时我的一条腿摔断了。 [易混辨析：have(使，让)构成的其他常见结构] have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”。宾语sb.与do构成逻辑上的主谓关系。相当于let/make sb. do或 get sb. to do sth.结构。 Joe had me find a car for him. 乔让我给他找辆车。 have sb.doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”，强调动作一直在持续。宾语sb.与do构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 I'm sorry to have you waiting here so long. 很抱歉让你在这儿等这么久。 5 Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.(教材P44) 美丽的乡村让所有人为之兴奋和鼓舞，刺激着每一种感官。 剖析 现在分词短语offering something for each of the senses在句中作伴随状语。伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 归纳 拓展 现在分词短语作状语的用法： (1)作时间状语；(2)作原因状语；(3)作结果状语；(4)作条件状语；(5)作方式状语。 ①He sat in the armchair, reading_a_newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅上读报。 ②Hearing_the_news,_they all jumped with joy.(＝When they heard the news, they ...) 听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 ③Not_knowing_her_adress,_I can't write to her. 由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。 ④Tom failed all his exams, making his parents very angry. 汤姆未能通过一门考试，这令他父母很生气。 ⑤Listening_to_English every day, you'll make progress step by step. 每天听英语，你会逐渐取得进步。 ⑥He supported his family driving_a_taxi. 他靠开出租供养家庭。 6 The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. (教材P44) “绿宝石(爱尔兰岛)”宁静秀美、郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，其风光堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 剖析 句中的with its rolling ...是“with＋宾语＋过去分词”的用法。“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等。 归纳 拓展 with复合结构： (1)with＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词 (2)with＋宾语＋介词短语 (3)with＋宾语＋现在分词 (4)with＋宾语＋过去分词 (5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式 ①He died with_his_daughter_yet_a_schoolgirl. 他去世时，女儿还是一个学生。(名词作宾补) ②He often sleeps with_the_windows_open. 他经常开着窗户睡觉。(形容词作宾补) ③With_her_son_away_from_home,_she was worried. 她的儿子不在家，所以她很担心。(副词短语作宾补) ④The teacher came in with_a_book_in_his_hand. 老师手里拿着一本书走进来。(介词短语作宾补) ⑤The English class ended with_all_singing_an_English_song. 英语课以全体合唱一首英语歌结束。(现在分词短语作宾补) ⑥With_all_the_things_she_needed_bought,_she went home. 买了她需要的所有东西后，她回家了。(过去分词作宾补) ⑦I can't go out with_all_these_clothes_to_wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。(不定式作宾补) 【06单元语法】 过去分词——作定语、宾补 知识点1 过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语时的意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语：被修饰词与构成过去分词的动词之间通常为动宾关系且表示动作已经完成，或通常只表示动宾关系。 表示________ Tom drank some boiled water and hurried to school.汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去。 只表示_______ When he came into power, he decided to be a leader loved by everyone.当他开始掌权时，他决定做一个受大家爱戴的领袖。 (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语：不及物动词没有被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成，不表示被动；且只作前置定语。 When I woke up next morning, I found the ground was covered with fallen (只表示完成) leaves.当我第二天早上醒来时，发现地上全是落叶。 (3)形容词化的过去分词作定语：英语中某些表示感觉的动词，其过去分词形式表示“感到······的”，表示被修饰词所处的状态。 There was a frightened horse in the street.街上有一匹受惊的马。 The scared boy told me the scaring news in a scared voice.那个吓坏了的男孩用惊恐的声音告诉了我这个可怕的消息。 2．过去分词作定语的位置 (1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，但left只作后置定语。 The broken vase has been thrown outside.那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。 The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。 特别提醒 单个的过去分词修饰 something，everything， anything，nothing，nobody 等复合不定代词或 those等指示代词时，要放在这些词的后面。 He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。 Is there anything unfinished？还有什么没有完成吗？ (2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain from the library. (转换为定语从句) = __________________________________________________________________.我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。 语法填空 1．（天津高考单项填空改编）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally. 2．（全国｜卷短文改错改编）I like eating________(fly) tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. 【答案解析】1．designed。句意：大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的课程来帮助他们在学术和个人事务上成功。此处 course 与 design之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。该题中的specially放在了course的后面，巧妙地把过去分词designed与被修饰词course分开，没有那么直白地考查非谓语动词，需要考生对句意完全理解后才能正确解题。 2．fried。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，表示被炒过的西红柿，故用过去分词作定语。 3．过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别 语态意义 时态意义 过去分词 被动 已完成 现在分词 主动 正在进行 All the books borrowed from the library must be returned by next Saturday.所有从图书馆借的书都得在下星期六前归还。 The man planting trees in front of the building is our teacher.在大楼前面植树的那个人是我们的老师。 真题链接 语法填空 1．（全国II卷语法填空改编）When we got a call________(say) she was short-listed（入围），we thought it was a joke. 2．（北京高考语法填空改编）Earth Day，________(mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. 【答案解析】1．saying。分析句子结构可知，call与say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容。 2．marked。句意：地球日在4月22日（这一天）被庆祝，它是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作定语；动词mark与Earth Day之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语。 知识点2 过去分词作宾补 1．作宾语补足语时，构成过去分词的动词与宾语之间的关系 （1）及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语和构成过去分词的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 I want the letter posted.我想把这封信寄出去。 （2）少数不及物动词如 go，fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作已完成。因此，宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 She found her necklace gone on her way home.她在回家的路上发现项链不见了。 （3）动词seat，hide，dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语，一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。 When I came in， I found a strange girl seated in the corner.我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。 2．过去分词作宾语补足语的情况 （1）感官动词后的过去分词作宾补：在see，notice，watch，hear，feel，find等感官动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系，表示被动动作的完成或只表示被动。 I heard the English song sung twice in the next room.我听到隔壁房间里唱了两遍这首英文歌。（表示被动、已完成） I’d like to see the plan carried out. 我想看到这个计划被实施下去。（只表示被动） 真题链接 语法填空 （全国II卷语法填空改编）Orange trees make great gifts and you see them many times _____________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 【答案解析】decorated。句意：橘子树是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们上面装饰着红包和祝福好运的信息。句中 them 指代 Orange trees，与decorate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。 （2）使役、致使动词后的过去分词作宾补：make，have，get，leave，keep等使役，致使动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。 He tried to speak slowly to make himself understood.他试图慢慢地说话，以使别人明白他的意思。 The guests left most of the dishes untouched because they didn't taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 真题链接 语法填空 1．（天津高考单项填空改编）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph __________(take). 2．（重庆高考单项填空改编）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself __________(remind) of his own dreams. 【答案解析】1．taken。句意：我需要一本新护照，因此我将不得不照相。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作宾补，由于动词take与my photograph之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式。 2．reminded。句意：迈克尔把姚明的画像贴在床边，目的是提醒自己记住自己的梦想。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。remind 与 himself之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填 reminded。 【专项训练】 用括号内词的适当形式填空 1. Mary couldn’t make herself __________ (pay) attention to because her classmates made so much noise. 2. We will move on to Shangri-la, a place of beauty and mystery, first __________(describe) in a classic novel by James Hilton. 3. (新课标全国1卷语法填空节选) A study of travelers __________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 4. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words __________(use) in daily conversation. 5. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother __________(take) good care of at home. 6. When I got into the office, I found Mr Green __________ (bury) in his work, without noticing my arrival. 7. (2021黑龙江哈尔滨三中检测) At present, there are thousands of people __________(work) around the clock to fight against the flood. 8. At the sight of the snake, there appeared a __________ (terrify) look on her face. 9. (2021广东惠州一中期中)Recently a survey __________ (compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. 10. In art criticism, you must imagine that the artist has a secret message __________(hide) within the work. 11. Before she came to England, she had seldom heard a single English word __________ (speak). 12. Being overweight can cause depression even when no health problem exist, according to a study __________(publish) by the University of Exeter. 13. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras __________(return) to our shop for quality problem. 14. The witness (目击者) __________(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. 15. Mr Smith had his house __________(break) into while he was away on holiday. [参考答案]1. paid 2. described 3. conducted 4. used 5. taken 6. buried 7. Working 8. terrified 9. comparing 10. hidden 11. spoken 12. published 13. returned 14. questioned 15. broken 2、 用括号内词的适当形式完成下面短文 Last Monday our class went on an __________(organize) trip to a forest to study the wildlife. We planned to have our picnic lunch in the forest next to a __________(fall) tree, but the terrible smell given off by the __________(pollute) river beside it made us feel sick. We searched the forest for the polluter (污染源), and found an unknown factory __________ (pour) waste water into the river. We all thought it was a serious problem and one solution __________(suggest) by our class was to advise the government to close the factory as soon as possible. [参考答案] organized; fallen; polluted; pouring; suggested 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【07单元写作】 History and Traditions单元写作 一、了解某地历史和传统的意义 1. 一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. They are a record of our shared history and tell us a lot about _____________(我们是谁）as a country and people. 3. Studying the history of a place will make your visit ______________(更愉快）. 二、教材话题整理 3、 地方介绍词块背诵 【位置/人口】 be made up of/consist of 由……组成，be located /situated in坐落在，with /has a history of 有……的历史，with/has a population of 有……人口，cover an area of 面积有... 【特点/特色】 a famous historic and cultural city 历史文化名城 the third largest city 第三大城市，be famous/well-known/renowned for/as 因/作为……而出名，enjoy a high reputation as/for...享有盛誉，live up to one’s reputation不负盛名，be rich /abundant in 盛产，be recognized/regarded as被认为是...，the best-known landmark最著名的地标，be blessed with 享有, a fascinating holiday resort度假胜地 【历史与文化】 with /has a history of 有……的历史，have a history dating back to...追溯到，a......mix of history and modern culture，distinct local culture 特色鲜明的地方文化，be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site 被列为世界文化遗产名录, a historical witness to sth 是...历史的见证者, 【风景名胜】be well worth visiting，refer to.....as 把...称为，tourist attractions/places of interest/scenic spots景点/名胜, give sb a deep insight into 深入了解, have a closer experience of sth 【表达感受】 experience local culture and customs first-hand，be deeply impressed by, strike beauty into one’s heart// The trip not only took us to experience ...., but also helped us learn.....better.//Walking in this ancient city is like walking into history. 四、国内外历史名城简介 (曲阜、平遥、伦敦），请先背诵以上词块，再填空。 Qufu 地理位置 孔子简介 历史遗迹 1. __________(位于）in the southwest of Shandong Province, Qufu __________________________________(作为孔子的家乡而出名). 2.Confucius, China’s most famous philosopher, statesman and educator, has over 3 million ___________(后代). He developed his thoughts into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. For over 2,500 years, Confucius’s ideas have__________________________________(对中国和世界有深远的影响）. 3.The temple of Confucius，Kong Family Mansion and Cemetery of Confucius _____________(被称为）”San Kong”, are the three most famous cultural sites of the city. They____________________________________________（被列为世界文化遗产名录）since 1994. Pingyao 特点 历史地位 名胜古迹 1. Pingyao, a 2,700-year-od town in Shanxi province, ______________（被认为是） for being one of the best preserved among all the walled cities in China. 2. The business shops and traditional buildings in the city are __________________(历史的见证者）to the economic prosperity during Ming and Qing dynasties. 3. Famous historic sites such as the city wall, Ming-Qing Street, Rishengchang Bank ________________(使我们深入了解）the cultural, social, economical development in that period. 4. As China’s first bank-like organization, Rishengchang(日升昌) Bank is a pioneer of China’s banking history. When you step inside, you will learn about ________________________________(200年前的银行是什么样子). 1. The UK is a _________(迷人的）mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.The UK London Historic sites 2. The capital city London, Europe’s biggest city, is an ancient port city that has a history ___________________________________(一直追溯到罗马时代）。 There are _____________________(数不清的历史遗址可供游览），and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. It is said that when someone is tired of London, ____________________________(他就厌倦了生活）。 3. Bucking Palace(白金汉宫）has served as__________________(女王的住所）. It has a famous tradition called”Changing of the Guard”. The guards of the palace are changed for new guards, who_____________________(穿着传统的红色制服） with tall black hats. 4. Big Ben is one of London’s ___________(最著名的地标）. __________（stand） at a height of 320 feet, the clock is one of the most accurate mechanical clocks and __________(symbol) the continued functioning of the British government, particularly in wartime. 五、写作练习：中国历史名城推荐（推荐写曲阜、平遥或你的家乡） 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Paul暑假打算来中国游览，他对中国的历史和传统文化很感兴趣，写信希望你推荐一处历史文化名城。请你给他回一封信，内容需包含以下要点： 1. 名城简介； 2. 推荐理由； 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加内容以使行文连贯。 答案： 一、了解某地历史和传统的意义 1. A person without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without root. 2. who we are 3. more enjoyable 4、 中国历史名城简介 Qufu 1. Located; is famous as Confucius’ hometown. 2. Descendants; had a far-reaching influence on China and the rest of the world. 3. referred to as, have been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Pingyao 1. is regard as 2. the historic witnesses 3. gives us a deep insight into 4. what the bank was like 200 years ago. 国外历史名城简介 1. fascinating 2. dating all the way back to Roman times; countless historic sites to explore; he is tired of life. 3. the residence of the Queen; are dressed in traditional red uniforms 4. most famous landmarks; Standing; symbolizes 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$