新概念第三册 Lesson53 In the public interest 课堂笔记

Lesson 53 In the public interest 为了公众的利益 1、The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from highhanded or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too. 斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。 · Scandinavian (adj.) 斯堪的纳维亚的 （n.）斯堪的纳维亚人 · admire (vt.) + sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人 admire + sth. for sth. 因某事赞赏某物 · enlightened (adj.) 开明的 · evolve (v.) (1)（植物、动物等）进化 eg. 人类是由猿进化而来的。 Humans evolved from apes. Theory of evolution. 进化论 (2) 逐渐形成 eg. 他已经逐渐形成了自己的教学风格。 He has evolved his own style of teaching. 经过多年的研究，他已经形成了自己的理论。 After so many years of research, he has evolved his own theory. · protect… from… 保护…免受… · highhanded (adj.) 专横跋扈的 eg. 他不想显得太专横霸道。(officious 爱发号施令的 = bossy) He wants to be seen less highhanded and bossy. · competent (adj.) 有能力的，能胜任某事的 incompetent (adj.) 没能力的，不能胜任某事的 competition (n.) 比赛，竞赛 compete (v.) 比赛，竞赛 competitor (n.) 参赛者，竞争者 · be competent to do sth. 有能力做某事，能胜任做某事 反：be incompetent to do sth. 没能力做某事，不能胜任做某事 eg. 他有能力管理好这个班级。 He is competent to take charge of this class. · so…that 如此…以致于（引导目的状语从句） · adopt sb. 收养某人 adopt sth. 采纳某事 2、The Swedes were the first to recognize （that public official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief （that they are serving the public.宾语从句/定语从句）） 是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。 · Swedes 瑞典人（n.） · civil servant 公务员 · zealous (adj.) 充满热情的，狂热的 = very enthusiastic · be zealous in doing sth. 做某事很狂热 eg. 在支持这个提案方面，没有人比Tom更加狂热。 Nobody was more zealous than Tom in supporting this proposal. · over-zealously (adv.) 过于热情地 · in the belief 相信 3、As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee （representing all political parties非谓语动词作定语） appoints a person （who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State定语从句）. 早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。 · as long as 和…一样长，只要 as long ago as 早在 eg. As long ago as 1809… = 1809 years ago. · individual (adj.) 单独的，个别的 （n.）个人 · Parliament (n.) 议会 —— parliamentary (adj.) 议会的 · be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事 eg. 如果你不了解这件事，你就没资格评论。 If you don’t know it, you are not qualified to remark. · well/suitably/highly qualified 很有资格 · investigate (v.) 调查，研究 = look into · grievance (n.) 不满，牢骚，苦衷 = complaint (n.) eg. express one’s grievance 表达不满 air one’s grievance 公开表示不满 4、The official title of the person is ‘Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or ‘Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small（that come to him from all levels of society定语从句）. 此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“J.O.”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。 · official title 官衔 · commonly (adv.) 通常地 = usually = generally · refer to sb. as … 把某人称为… · subject (adj.) 受支配的，使…隶属 · be (not) subject to sb./sth. （不）受某人支配、统治 eg. 我们必须遵守法律。 We are subject to the laws. 农民过去受地主制裁。 The peasants used to be subject to the landowners. 香港过去受英国统治。 HongKong used to be subject to England. 价格受需要支配。 The price should be subject to demand/need. · complaint (n.) 不满，牢骚，苦衷 = grievance (n.) 5、（As complaints must be made in writing原因状语从句）, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his correspondence is open to public inspection. 由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律师作他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。 · in detail 详细地，具体地 · secretive (adj.) 秘密的 —— secret (n.) 秘密 —— secretary (n.) 秘书 · correspondence (n.) 通信，信件 eg. commercial correspondence 商业信件 · be in correspondence with sb. 与某人通信 6、（If a citizen's complaint is justified条件状语从句：真实条件句）, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work. 如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。 · justified (adj.) 合理的 · behalf (n.) 利益 = interest (n.) · on sb’s behlaf = on behalf of sb. 代表某人的利益 eg. 监护人的行为必须代表孩子的利益。 The guardians must act on the children’s behalf. Ken 不在场，所以我代表他领奖。 Ken is present,so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. · reprimand sb. for doing sth. 斥责，谴责 = scold sb. for doing sth. eg. 军事法庭因他的失职而谴责他。 The military court reprimanded him for failing to do his duty. 别为他在学校不佳表现而斥责他，他已经尽力了。 Don’t scold him for doing badly at school, he has done his best. · suggest … that… （should） do/be 建议… （虚拟语气） · alter (v.) 改变 = change 7、A foreigner （living in a Swedish village非谓语动词作定语） wrote to the Ombudsman complaining （that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner宾语从句/原因状语从句）. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. 一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。 · chief (n.) 首领（adj.） 主要的 （chef —— n.主厨） 8、There was nothing in the record to show （that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation宾语从句）. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but （when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village时间状语从句）, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. 材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。 · deny the accusation(n.) 否认指控 · deny doing sth. 否认做某事 反：admit doing sth. 承认做某事 · accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人做某事，控告某人犯了某罪 · send sth. 寄、送某物 send sb. to do sth. 派某人做某事 9、The lawyer ascertained （that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions宾语从句）. The fact (that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners同位语从句) could not be recorded in the official files. 律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载。 · ascertain (v.) 查明，弄清 = find out · prejudice (n.) 偏见 eg. 《Pride and Prejudice》 傲慢与偏见 · be prejudiced against 对…有偏见 10、It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed （that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would prosecuted宾语从句/条件状语从句）. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice （which might have gone unnoticed定语从句）. 司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。 · find out 查明，弄清 = ascertain · representative (n.) 代表 （adj.） 有代表性的 （简称: rep） · serverely (adv.) 严厉地 · lodge (v.)提出 eg. lodge a complaint 提出抱怨，投诉 lodge a protest 提出抗议 · prosecute (vt.) 起诉，检举 · prosecute sb. for doing sth. 因某事起诉某人 eg. 他因超速被起诉。 He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit. 他因抢劫被起诉。 He was prosecuted for robbery. · prompt action 立刻行动 eg. prompt response 立刻回应 · put…to… 使…进入（某种状态） 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$