新概念英语第三册 Lesson42 Modern cavemen课堂笔记讲义

Lesson 42 Modern cavemen 现代洞穴人 1、Cave exploration, or pot-holing,（as 正如 it has come to be known,方式状语从句） is a relatively new sport. Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth. 洞穴勘查——或洞穴勘探——是一项比较新的体育活动。寻求独处的愿望或寻求意外发现的机会的欲望吸引人们来到地下深处。 · exploration (n.) 探索，探险 —— explore (v.) · relatively(adv.) 相对地，相对而言 · solitude (n.) 独处，独居，孤单，寂寞 eg. 她享受在自己的公寓独处。 She enjoys the solitude of her own flat. · lure (v.) 引诱，诱惑（消极） = attract 吸引 · lure sb. into doing sth. 诱惑某人做某事 eg. 人们可能被聪明的广告商诱惑买东西。 People may be lured by the smart advertisers into buying products. · 强调句结构：It is/was + 强调部分 + that + 其余部分 eg. I bought a cat in that shop yesterday. 2、It is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a pot-holer's motives. For him, caves have the same peculiar fascination （which high mountains have for the climber定语从句）. They arouse instincts（which can only be dimly understood定语从句）. 要想对洞穴探险者的动机作出满意的解释是不可能的。对洞穴探险者来说，洞穴有一种特殊的魅力，就像高山对登山者有特殊魅力一样。为什么洞空能引发人的那种探险本能，人们对此只能有一种模模糊糊的理解。 · motive (n.) 动机 —— motor (n.) 马达，发动机 · peculiar fascination 特殊的吸引力 · arouse (v.) 唤起，激起，引起（aroused aroused） eg. arouse instinct 唤起本能 arouse sympathy 唤起同情 arouse appetite 勾起食欲 arouse anger/fear/interest/suspiction 引起愤怒/恐惧/兴趣/怀疑 3、Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler. Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations. 探测非常深的洞穴不是那些在星期日下午漫步的人所能胜任的。这种活动需要有军事行动般的周密布署和预见能力。 · really (adv.)非常 = extraordinarily = extremely = quite = most · rambler (n.) 漫步者 ramble (v.) 漫步 （浪漫） wander (v.) 漫步 （漫无目的） march 齐步走，正步走 stride 大步流星地走 tiptoe = creep 蹑手蹑脚地走 trudge 吃力地走，拖着沉重地步子走 wade 蹚着水走 stagger 蹒跚地走 · undertaking (n.) 任务，重任 undertake (v.) 承担，从事 eg. 举办奥运会将是一项艰巨的任务。 Holding the Olympic Games will be a rough undertaking. · precise (adj.) 准确的，精确的 · foresight (n.) 预见（forehead 额头） = before see 4、It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave. Precautions of this sort are necessary, （for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties [which will confront the pot-holer原因状语从句）定语从句]. 有时需要花费整整8天时间来搭起绳梯，建立供应基地，然后才能到一个很深的洞穴里。作出这样的准备是必要的，因为无法预见到洞穴探险者究竟会遇到什么性质的困难。 · as long as 长达 · rig up 搭起 = set up = put up = establish · descent (n.)下降——descend(v.) —— descendant (n.)后代 ascent (n.)上升——ascend (v.) —— ancestor (n.)祖先 · precaution (n.) 预防措施 pre- 预先（前缀） + caution (n.)当心 · foretell (v.) 预告 foreknow (v.) 预知 · sth. confront sb. 面临 = sb. be confronted with sth. eg. 顾客们面临各种各样困惑的选择。 The customers will be confronted with a bewildering various of choices. 5、The deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble. It extends to a depth of 3,723 feet. This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream （which has tunneled a course through a flaw in the rocks）. 世界上最深的洞穴是格里诺布尔附近的高弗.伯杰洞，深达3,723英尺。这个深邃的洞穴是由一条地下暗泉冲刷岩石中的缝隙并使之慢慢变大而形成的。 · chasm (n.) （地上）深坑，鸿沟（巨大的差距） eg. 在发达国家和发展中国家之间有巨大的经济鸿沟。 There is a vast economic chasm between the developed country and developing country. · tunnel (n.) 隧道 （v.） 挖隧道（名词动词化） · flaw (n.) 裂纹，漏洞，瑕疵 eg. 骄傲是他性格里最大的瑕疵。 Pride is the biggest flaw in his personality. 6、The entrance to the cave is on a plateau in the Dauphine Alps. （As it is only six feet across原因状语从句）, it is barely noticeable. The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger. Since its discovery, it has become a sort of potholers' Everest. Though a number of descents have been made, much of it still remains to be explored. 此洞的洞口在丹芬阿尔卑斯山的高原上，仅6英尺宽，很难被发现。若不是法国著名洞穴探险家伯杰由于偶然的机会发现了这个洞口的话，这个洞也许不会为人所知。自从被发现以后，这个洞成了洞穴探险者的珠穆朗玛峰，人们多次进入洞内探险，但至今尚有不少东西有待勘探。 · barely (adv.) 仅仅地，勉强地 = narrowly · if引导的条件状语从句，省略if，句子倒装： if the entrance had not been spotted = had not the entrance been spotted · distinguished (adj.) 著名的，杰出的 7、A team of pot-holers recently went down the Gouffre Berger. After entering the narrow gap on the plateau, they climbed down the steep sides of the cave until they came to narrow corridor. They had to edge their way along this, sometimes wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep pools. 最近，一队洞穴探险者下到了高弗.伯杰洞里。他们从高原上的窄缝进去，顺着笔直陡峭的洞壁往下爬。来到一条狭窄的走廊上。他们不得不侧着身子往前走，有时过浅溪，有时游过深潭。 · gap (n.) 缺口，差距 eg. gernation gap 代沟 · edge one’s way 侧身挤（走）过 8、Suddenly they came to a waterfall （which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave定语从句）. They plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to the other side. 突然，他们来到一道瀑布前，那瀑布奔泻而下，注入洞底一处地下湖里。他们跳入湖中，把各种器具装上一只充气的橡皮艇，听任水流将他们带往对岸。 · gear (n.) 全套装备 · inflatable (adj.) 充气的 inflate (v.) 给…充气，使…通胀 inflation (n.) 膨胀，通货膨胀 · current (n.) 流 eg. air current 气流 water current 水流 electricty current 电流 9、To protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits. At the far end of the lake, they came to huge piles of rubble （which had been washed up by the water定语从句）. 突湖水冰冷刺骨，他们必须穿上一种特制的橡皮服以保护自己。在湖的尽头，他们见到一大堆一大堆由湖水冲刷上岸的碎石。 · piles of = a pile of 一堆 · rubble (n.) 小碎石[u] 10、In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound （which they found was caused by a small waterspout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave定语从句）. 在这儿，他们可以听见一种连续不断的轰鸣声。后来他们发现这是由山洞顶部的一个小孔里喷出的水柱跌落到水潭中发出的声音。 · spout (v.) 喷涌 · waterspout 水柱 11、Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, the pot-holers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall. After switching on powerful arc lights, they saw great stalagmites 石笋 -- some of them over forty feet high -- rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites 钟乳石 suspended from the roof. Round about, piles of limestone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow. 洞穴探险者从岩石缝里挤身过去，来到一个巨大的洞里，其大小相当于一个音乐厅。他们打开强力弧光灯，看见一株株巨大的石笋，有的高达40英尺，像树干似地向上长着，与洞顶悬挂下来的钟乳石相接。周围是一堆堆石灰石，像彩虹一样闪闪发光。 · squeeze(v.) 挤压 · cleft (n.) 裂缝 · glisten (v.) 闪闪发光 12、In the eerie silence of the cavern, the only sound （that could be heard定语从句）was made by water （which dripped continuously from the high dome above them定语从句）. 洞里有一种可怕的寂静，唯一的可以听见的声响是高高的圆顶上不间断地滴水的嘀嗒声。 · eerie (adj.) 恐怖的，可怕的 eg. eerie silence/scream/sound 恐怖的寂静/尖叫/声音 Supplementary exercises: · According to Charles Darwin, man is from the apes. A. originated B. arisen C. evolved D. descended 解析：正确答案 D A. originate from/in 起源于 B. arise from 产生于 C. evolve from/out of 逐渐由…发展演变而来 D. be descended from 是…的后代，由…传下来 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$