2025年中考英语（仁爱版）一轮复习七年级下册 考点探究(福建专版)

课时五 七年级 Unit 5 【考点讲堂】 交通方式的常见表达 (2024·湖北)—Will you go to the museum by bus? —I'd rather take a taxi. It's faster. 按要求完成下列练习 1.The engineer gets up early every morning to catch 　 　 first bus.(根据语境填词)  2.How long does it take from Kunming to Hangzhou 　 　 train?(根据语境填词)  3.Dan often sets off 　 　 his car to fish with his friends on Sunday afternoon.(根据语境填词)  4.instead of, bus (看图写话) 5.after dinner (看图写话) 辨析too、also、either和as well (2024·天津)The grapes are very fresh and they also taste good. 词汇 用法 too 常用于肯定句或疑问句中,一般位于句末,常用逗号与前面的句子隔开 also 常用于肯定句或疑问句中,较正式,放在实义动词之前,系动词、助动词、情态动词之后 either 常用于否定句中,放在句末 as well 常用于肯定句中,常放在句末,其前不用逗号隔开 选词填空 too　either　also　as well 1.I don't like tigers. My mother doesn't like tigers, 　 　.  2.I enjoy listening to pop music, and my friend Lisa enjoys it, 　 　.  3.David often helps me with my study. He 　 　 shares his school things with me.  4.Keep on doing oral exercises in the English Corner. I'm sure you will improve your listening and speaking skills 　 　.  辨析listen、hear与sound (2024·江苏无锡)What great news! But has it been confirmed yet? It just sounds too good to be true. 词汇 用法 listen 不及物动词,意为“听”,强调听的动作 listen to 意为“听……”,后跟人或物作宾语 hear 意为“听到,听见”,强调听的结果 hear sb.do sth.意为“听到某人做某事”,强调全过程 hear sb.doing sth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行 sound 连系动词,意为“听起来”,后跟形容词作表语 sound like意为“听起来像” 选词填空 listen　hear　sound 1.Chinese folk music 　 　 beautiful. I like it very much.  2.The teacher 　 　 to his story and then gave him some suggestions to help him.  3.—Excuse me, could you please speak a little more loudly? —Sorry, I thought you could 　 　 me.  辨析lend、keep和borrow (2024·江苏常州)Little Mary was proud of herself because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. 词汇 含义及用法 搭配 lend 对主语而言是“借出”,指借东西给别人 lend sb.sth./lend sth. to sb. keep 意为“保留,保存(本意);借用(引申)”,延续性动词,可以和一段时间及how long连用 keep...for+一段时间 续表 词汇 含义及用法 搭配 borrow 指从别人那里借东西,非延续性动词 borrow sth. (from sb.) 选词填空 keep　borrow　lend 1.Sorry, I can't 　 　 you the dictionary, Betty. I have lost it.  2.Eggs last a long time. You can 　 　 them for about four weeks in your fridge.  3.My car is under repair. Can I 　 　 yours for a day?  【语法梳理】 频度副词 1.常见频度副词。 频度副词频度高低排序: always总是 >usually 通常>often 常常>sometimes有时>seldom很少>never从不 2.频度副词在句中的位置。 频度副词一般放在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前,即“行之前,系助情后”。例如: He always comes to school on time. He's never late. 他总是按时到校。他从不迟到。 现在进行时 1.基本结构:主语+be动词(is, am, are)+现在分词 2.常用于现在进行时的时间状语有now、 at the moment、 at this time、 these days等。有时句首有“Look!”或“Listen!”等提示词的句子也适用此时态。 3.高频考点:通过上下文的情境确定某一动作正在进行。例如: Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图。孩子们正在公园里放风筝。 4.现在分词的变化规则: 直接在动词原形之后加-ing look/looking, think/thinking, study/studying 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing come/coming, take/taking, dance/dancing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing run/running, swim/swimming, shop/shopping, stop/stopping, begin/beginning 少数几个以字母ie结尾的动词,要变ie为y,再加-ing die/dying, lie/lying, tie/tying 现在分词有规律,动词后面是-ing; 遇到词尾哑音e,去e再加-ing; 一辅重读闭音节,双写之后添上去; ie换y有几例,特殊词语特殊记。 【即学即练】 选择填空 ( )1.My father 　　　　goes swimming because it's good for his health.  　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　 A.never B.seldom C.often ( )2.—We all like the English teacher very much. —Yes, her classes are 　　　　interesting.  A.always B.seldom C.never ( )3.Mary usually stays up too late, so she is 　　　　late for school.  A.never B.always C.often ( )4.—Tom, let's go to watch movies! —Sorry, I 　　　　my homework now.  A.do B.did C.am doing ( )5.Be quiet! Your sister 　　　　for the English exam.  A.prepares B.is preparing C.prepared ( )6.—Hurry up! —Wait a moment! I 　　　　my letters.  A.am reading B.read C.have read ( )7.—Lisa, may I borrow your English workbooks? —Sorry, I 　　　　them. But I'll give them to you later.  A.will use B.am using C.used 【参考答案】 课时五　七年级Unit 5 考点讲堂 考点1 三悟:1.the　2.by　3.in 4.Jim goes to school by bike instead of taking the bus today. 5.John often takes a walk with his grandma after dinner. 考点2 三悟: 1.either　2.too　3.also　4.as well 考点3 三悟: 1.sounds　2.listened　3.hear 考点4 三悟: 1.lend　2.keep　3.borrow 语法梳理 即学即练 1.C　2.A　3.C　4.C　5.B　6.A　7.B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时六 七年级 Unit 6 【考点讲堂】 It's+adj.(+for/of sb.) to do sth.句型 (2022·福建)It's important for us to work hard in order to have a better life. 句型 含义 用法 It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是……的 形容词描述事物的特征、状态等。如easy、hard、important等 It's+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 某人做某事是……的 形容词描述行为者的性格、品质等,如kind,clever,nice,careful等 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.对我们来说,按时完成作业很重要。 It's 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　our homework on time.  2.帮助老人过马路是礼貌的。 It's 　 　 　 　 　 　 the elderly cross the street.  3.他帮助了一个老人过马路,这很友善。 It's 　 　 　 　 　 　 to help an old man cross the street.  辨析far away与far from (2024·四川宜宾)The pictures always remind me of my home far away. 词组 含义及用法 far away 意为“遥远的”,通常作表语或状语,其后不跟宾语 far from 意为“远离”,通常作表语、定语或状语,其后跟宾语 用far away或far from完成句子 1.The mountain is 　 　 the city.  2.She lives in a city 　 　.  3.The island is 　 　 the mainland.  turn的用法 (2024·四川自贡)To save energy, don't forget to turn off the light before you leave the room. 拓展　turn的相关短语 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn into 变成 turn out 结果是 用turn的相关短语填空,每空一词 1.Could you please 　 　 　 　 the light? I can't sleep well with it on.  2.Grandma wants to watch the program Legal Report. Please 　 　 　 　 the TV.  3.He tried to join the army but was 　 　 　 　 because of his poor health.   4.Water can 　 　 　 　 ice.  5.The little boy was afraid and 　 　 　 　 his mother for comfort.   6. —Do you mind if I 　 　 　 　 the radio? I can't hear it clearly.  —Better not. My baby is sleeping. 7. Spring is coming.The leaves on the trees 　 　 　 　.  stop的用法 (2024·江苏无锡)Oh, come on! Stop telling me what to do. Mind your own business. (2024·河南)“Hey,” she said softly, “stop for a second and tell me how you're feeling.” 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.请在这里停下来,让我下车。 Please 　 　 　 　. Let me get off.  2.他们决定停止争论。 They decided to 　 　 　 　.  3.他停下来去帮助那个老人。 He 　 　 　 　 　 　the old man.  4.不要停止学习,即使你已经毕业了。 Don't 　 　 　 　, even if you have graduated.  5.她停下来思考了一会儿。 She 　 　 　 　 　 　 for a moment.  forget的用法 (2024·河南)The most common mistake is forgetting to add the coffee. (2024·江苏常州)Practice is very important. You will forget the new words unless you often use them. 例如: Don't forget to write down the correct answers next to the mistakes.别忘了在错误旁边写下正确答案。 I forget borrowing the book from you last week.我忘了上周向你借了这本书。 拓展　与forget用法相同的词还有 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.This morning, I forgot 　 　(lock) the door and turned back on my way to office.  2.—Have you forgotten 　 　(borrow) a ruler from Betty?  —Oh, yes. I'll return it to her tomorrow. 3.Don't forget 　 　(say) thanks when other people help you.   4.To live a low-carbon life, we must remember 　 　(turn) off the lights when we leave the room.   cost的用法 (2024·吉林)Running is getting popular. It is good for our health and it costs nothing. cost既可以作名词,也可以作动词。 1.作名词,意为“成本;费用;价格;代价”,常用于短语“the cost of...”中,意为“……的花费;以……为代价”。 2.作动词,意为“花费”。例如: It cost me 3,000 yuan to buy a new computer.我花了3000元买了一台新电脑。 辨析cost、 pay、 spend与take 词汇 主语 常用结构 cost 物 sth.cost(s) sb.+金钱 pay 人 sb.pay(s)+金钱+for sth. take It(作形式主语) It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. spend 人 sb.spend(s)+金钱+on sth./(on) doing sth. sb.spend(s)+时间+on sth./(in) doing sth. 选词填空 cost　pay　spend　take 1.—Are you always online? —Yes.It 　 　 me much time to search for information for my project.  2.You'd better 　 　 more time talking with your parents so that they can understand you better.  3.—What a beautiful pink dress it is! It must be expensive. —No. It only 　 　 me fifty yuan.  4.My sister 　 　 40 dollars for a pair of jeans, though she thought the price was a little high.  put的相关短语 (2024·广西)Put on more clothes. It is cold outside in winter. (2024·河南)Vicky's mother put her head around the door. 用put的相关短语填空 1.If you think you are sick, you should not 　 　 going to the doctor.  2.You are not allowed to 　 　 ads on this wall without special permission.  3.He 　 　 the things that you left on the floor and left.  4.He turned off the television, 　 　 his coat and walked out.  5.Don't 　 　your hands. Put them up.  6.The firemen had　 　 the fire when we got there.  7.He 　 　 such a useful suggestion, which was agreed by all the members.  8.I wonder when you will 　 　 the play.  9.He went camping with us and taught us how to 　 　 a tent.  10.Nothing is impossible if you 　 　 it.  【语法梳理】 There be句型 There be句型的构成形式一般为“There is/are +某物/某人+某地/某时”,表示 “某地或某时有某人或某物”。其否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样,在be动词后加上“not”即可。在There be句型中,be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数方面保持一致。例如: There is a computer and three books on the desk. There are three books and a computer on the desk. 介词 一、介词的用法 1.表示时间的常用介词 (1)at, on, in 介词 用法 例词 at 钟点 at 5:40, at six o'clock 年龄 at the age of 20 节日 at Christmas, at the Spring Festival 某些习惯搭配 at lunch, at night on 日期、星期几或含有日期和星期几的时间状语 on July 5, on Sundays 具体(限定)的日子;节日的当天 on New Year's Day, on Father's Day 在某个特定的早上、中午、晚上 on a rainy night, on Monday evening in 较长的一段时间(如年、季节和月份等) in March of 1995, in summer 一天中的某段时间 in the morning, in the day time 某些习惯搭配 in the future, in time (2)in, after 介词 用法 例句 in 与将来时连用表示“……之后”,后接时间段 He'll be back in two hours. after 与将来时连用表示“……之后” He'll come back after two o'clock. 与过去时连用表示“……之后” He returned after a week. (3)since, from 介词 用法 例句 since 常用于完成时,表示“自……以来”,后接时间点或“时间段+ago”或一般过去时态的句子 Mr. Black has worked in Beijing since 1998. from 表示“从……起”,常与to构成短语“from...to...” He was sleeping from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. (4)by, until/till 介词 用法 例句 by 在某一时刻或某一日期之前(可以表示现在、过去或将来) He must have returned by next Monday. 表示“到……时候;当(某时候)到了” By the time you get home, it will be dark. until/ till 用于肯定句,意为“直到……为止”,谓语动词须用延续性动词 He waited for me until ten o'clock yesterday. 用于否定句,意为“直到……才”,谓语动词须用短暂性动词 The child didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night. (5)for, during, through 介词 用法 例句 for 后接时间段,意为“(时间)长达……”,可与多种时态连用 Bob and his family have lived in Guangzhou for ten years. during 后接时间段,意为“在……期间”,不用于现在完成时 During the meal, we talked about the TV play. through 后接时间段,意为“自始至终” It's very hot through the whole summer this year. 2.表示空间、地点、方位的常用介词 (1)at, on, in 介词 用法 例词 at 用于较小的场所(建筑物、公共机关等) at home, at the station 用于门牌号码前 at 403 Brook Street on 与物体表面相接触 on the floor 用于任何广阔的物体表面上 on the farm/moon in 用于较大的地方(国家、城市、乡镇、水域等) in the city, in China, in Asia, in Sichuan 用于周围的环境是立体(即四面八方都有东西环绕)的地方 in a forest, in the classroom, in his schoolbag 用于某些习惯用法中 in the sky, in space (2)over, above, under, below 介词 意义 区别 反义词 over 在……之上; 在……正上方 在垂直正上方 under above 在……之上; 高于…… 相对高度,不一定在正上方 below (3)across, through, along, past 介词 用法 例句 across 意为“穿过”,强调穿过某一平面 He walked across the street carefully. through 强调从某一空间内部通过或穿过 The train ran quickly through the tunnel. along 强调顺着、沿着路或河流一直前进 Walk along the street to the end. past 强调从某事物的一旁经过 Our bus drove past the Bird Nest. (4)in front of, in the front of, behind, at the back of 介词短语 意义 区别 反义词 in front of 在……的 前面 强调处在某物体外面的前面 behind in the front of 在……的 前部 强调处在某物体内部的前部 at the back of (5)between, among 介词 用法 例句 between 指的是“两者之间”,常用“between A and B”或“between +复数名词/代词”的结构 The girl is sitting between her father and mother. among 指的是“三者及三者以上的人或事物之间” The village lies among the three hills. (6)to, into, onto, for, towards 介词 用法 例句 to 表示到达目的地 He walked to the bank just now. into 意为“进入……里”,侧重于位置的改变 The boy rushed into the house. onto 意为“到……上”,侧重于位置的改变 The cat jumped onto the desk. for 意为“向……”,表示目的地 He'll leave for Japan next week. towards 意为“向……出发”,并不表示到达之意 The plane is flying towards the city center. (7)by, beside, near, next to 介词 (短语) 用法 例句 by 意为“在……边上”,较near更近 She stood by the window. beside 意为“在……旁边”,相当于next to Put your shoes beside mine. near 意为“在……附近” Is there a post office near here? next to 意为“紧靠;……的旁边” There is a café next to the barber's. 3.表示交通方式的介词 介词 用法 例句 by 后接表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加修饰词 I went to Russia by plane. 和一些与运输方式有关的名词连用,表示交通方式 I'm going there by sea. in 用于封闭型的交通工具前,且该名词前有限定词 He goes to work in a car. on 用于开放型或半开放型的交通工具前,且该名词前有限定词;有时也用于固定的词组 She goes to school on a bus, not on foot. 4.表示手段或工具的介词 介词 用法 例句 by 意为“凭借;通过”,名词前不用冠词;若其后接动词,则用动名词形式 The work must be done by hand. in 表示用某种材料或语言、声音等 He'll make the speech in English. on 意为“通过;借助于”,用于手段、通讯方式等 They talked on the phone. with 意为“用;以;借助于”,其后常接具体的工具 I write the letter with a pen. 5.其他常见介词的用法 (1)except, besides, but 介词 用法 例句 except 意为“除……外”,不包括后面所提的人或物 Everyone is very happy except him. besides 意为“除了……外还有……” Besides reading, I like listening to English news. but 意为“除……之外” No one but Sam has been to London. I can do nothing but wait. (2)as, like 介词 用法 例句 as 意为“作为;以……身份”,表示事实 Let me speak to you as a father. like 意为“像……一样”,不是事实 Let me speak to you like a father. (3)against, for against意为“反对”;for意为“支持”,两者互为反义词。例如: Are you for my idea or against it? 二、不用介词的几种情况 (1)在today、tomorrow、yesterday等表示时间概念的名词前一般不用介词。例如: What are you going to do tomorrow?你(们)明天打算干什么? (2)在含有this、that、these、those、next、last、every、some等词的时间状语前不用介词。例如: We will have a big gathering this Saturday.本周六我们将进行一次大聚会。 (3)在here、there、home、back等副词前不用介词。例如: They got there yesterday.他们昨天到达了那里。 祈使句 用来表示命令、要求、请求、劝告等。 祈使句的结构与陈述句一样,但常常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。祈使句的否定结构用don't加动词原形,句末用句号或感叹号。例如: Take this seat. 否定结构。例如: Don't move. Don't be late. 【即学即练】 选择填空 ( )1.There 　　　　some bread and apples on the table.  A.is B.are C.be ( )2.Look! There is a girl 　　　　in the gym.  A.danced B.dances C.dancing ( )3.—Is there a supermarket near here? —No, 　　　　.  A.there aren't B.there isn't C.it isn't ( )4.There 　　　　a TV, a table and some chairs in the living room.  A.are going to be B.are C.is ( )5.The driver is sitting 　　　　the car. He is going to drive the car to work.  A.in the front of 　　　B.in front of C.at the back of ( )6.There is a map of China 　　　　the wall of our classroom.  A.on B.of C.to ( )7.—Where are my shoes, Mom? —They are 　　　　the door.  A.across B.under C.behind ( )8.The boy is taller than the girl, so he sits 　　　　her in the classroom.  A.behind B.at the back of C.next to ( )9. 　　　　kind to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place.  A.Be B.Being C.To be ( )10.—　　　　 smoke in public, sir.  —Sorry. A.No B.Don't C.Doesn't 【参考答案】 课时六　七年级Unit 6 考点讲堂 考点1 三悟:1.important　for　us　to　finish 　2.polite　to　help　3.kind　of　him 考点2 三悟: 1.far from　2.far away　3.far from 考点3 三悟: 1.turn　 off　2.turn　 on　3.turned　down　4.turn　into　5.turned　to　6.turn　up　7.turn　green 考点4 三悟: 1.stop　here　2.stop　arguing　3.stopped　to　help 　4.stop　learning　5.stopped　to　think 考点5 三悟: 1.to lock　2.borrowing　3.to say　4.to turn 考点6 三悟: 1.takes　2.spend　3.cost　4.paid 考点7 三悟: 1.put off　2.put up　3.put away　4.put on　5.put down 6. put out　7.put forward　8.put on　9.put up　10.put your heart into 语法梳理 即学即练 1.A　2.C　3.B　4.C　5.A　6.A　7.C　8.A　9.A　10.B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时七 七年级 Unit 7 【考点讲堂】 afraid的用法 (2024·河北)I'm expecting a friend. I'm afraid I will order later. 图解助记　 按要求完成下列各题 1.(情景交际)有人打错了电话,你可以这样对他说: Sorry, . ( )2.He was afraid 　　　　into the house because it was dark.(选择填空)  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.go B.to go C.going 3.他害怕伤害她的感情, 所以不敢告诉她真相。(根据汉语意思完成句子) He is 　 　 　 　 　 　 her feeling, so he is 　 　 　 　 　 　 her the truth.   4.Don't be afraid of 　 　(speak) English in class. (用所给词的适当形式填空)  plan的用法 (2024·山东滨州)—I'm planning a trip to Harbin this summer vacation.I wonder if July is the best time to go there. —Why not go online to get more information about it? 根据汉语意思完成下列句子,每空一词 1.我们正在计划一个生日派对。 We are 　 　 a birthday party.  2.他们计划下个月去旅行。 They 　 　 to travel next month.  3.我们需要为这个项目制订一个计划。 We need to 　 　 　 　 　 　 for this project.  4.她计划在周末去图书馆。 She 　 　 　 　 　 　 to the library on the weekend.  5.他们已经计划好了假期。 They have already 　 　 their vacation.  be sure的用法 (2024·四川乐山)—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years. —The government has made a great effort on it. I'm sure this problem will be solved one day in the future. (2024·河南)“Are you sure that's a bad thing, Mom?” asked Vicky, smiling. 按要求完成下列各题 1.As we have kept practising recently, we are sure of 　 　(win) the game this time.(用所给词的适当形式填空)  2.Work a little harder, and you will be sure 　 　(make) a success.(用所给词的适当形式填空)  3.If you are 　 　(sure) of how to solve the problem, ask your teacher for help.(用所给词的适当形式填空)  4.他每天离开教室前都要确保所有的窗户都关了。(根据汉语意思完成句子) He 　 　 that all the windows are closed before he leaves the classroom every day.  5.果然,我在电话簿上找到了她的名字。(根据汉语意思完成句子) 　 　, I found her name in the phone book.  6.会议将在九月举行,但没人知道确切的日期。(根据汉语意思完成句子) The meeting will be held in September, but nobody knows the date 　 　.  enjoy的用法 (2024·四川乐山)The composer who created Learn from the Role Model Lei Feng(《学习雷锋好榜样》) didn't expect the song would be enjoyed by many people for more than 60 years. (2024·江苏连云港) Our school life is more interesting now because we can enjoy ourselves in different clubs. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.My sister enjoys 　 　 (take) photos, so she wants to buy a camera which allows her to take pictures of high quality.  2.—Did you enjoy 　 　 (you) at the School Music Festival?   —Yes, we did. And our class won first prize. 辨析bring、 take、 carry与get (2024·河南)I wonder what my friends would bring to put in the pot (锅) of soup if they were in the story. (2024·江苏宿迁)—My parents will take me to Beijing for a holiday in a month. —Wow! Have fun! bring、 take、 carry和get四个词都有“带;取”的意思,但用法不同,具体如下: 词汇 含义 例句 bring 带来 Bring me some coffee, please. take 带走 Take these books to my office. carry 提;携带 Tom can't carry this big box. get=fetch 去拿来 She has gone to the milk station to get/fetch some milk. 图解助记　 用bring、take、carry或get的适当形式填空 1.Please 　 　 these flowers to the classroom.   2.Granny Li, let me help you 　 　 the heavy bag.   3.If we keep our hearts open, we can feel the happiness that friendship 　 　 us.   4.The village is short of water and they have to walk miles to 　 　 water.   5.—Remember to 　 　 your book to school tomorrow.   —OK, I will, Miss Li. 【语法梳理】 一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday、 last night、 in 1990、 two days ago等。例如: He got up at 6:30 yesterday. I visited my grandparents last week. 一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often、 always等表示频度的时间状语连用。例如: He always went to work by bus last year. 1.过去式的规则变化 一“直” 一般情况下,在动词原形末尾直接加-ed。例如:play/played、 look/looked 二“去” 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉字母e,再加-ed。例如:live/lived、 use/used 三“双” 末尾只有一个辅音字母并以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。例如:stop/stopped、 plan/planned 四“改” 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先把“y”变为“i”,再加-ed。例如:study/studied、 worry/worried 2.不规则动词的过去式的构成 (1)动词原形中的“i”变为“a”,构成过去式。例如:begin/began、 give/gave、 ring/rang、 sit/sat、 drink/drank、 swim/swam。 (2)动词原形中的开音节“i”变为“o”,构成过去式。例如:write/wrote、 drive/drove、 ride/rode。 (3)动词原形中的“e”变为“o”,构成过去式。例如:get/got、 forget/forgot。 (4)动词原形中的“ee”变为“e”,构成过去式。例如:meet/met、 feed/fed。 (5)动词原形中的“eep”变为“ept”,构成过去式。例如:keep/kept、 sleep/slept、 sweep/swept。 (6)动词原形中的“d”变为“t”,构成过去式。例如:build/built、 lend/lent、 send/sent、 spend/spent。 (7)动词原形中的“o”变为“a”,构成过去式。例如:come/came、 become/became。 (8)动词原形中的“an”变为“oo”,构成过去式。例如:stand/stood、 understand/understood。 (9)动词原形中的“ell”变为“old”,构成过去式。例如:tell/told、 sell/sold。 (10)动词原形中的“eak”变为“oke”,构成过去式。例如:speak/spoke、 break/broke。 (11)动词原形中的“aw/ow”变为“ew”,构成过去式。例如:draw/drew、 grow/grew、 throw/threw、 know/knew。 (12)动词原形与过去式形式一致。例如:put、 let、 hit、 hurt、 cost、 cut、 read。 数词 ●基数词 基数词表示数目的多少。 1 one 11 eleven 21 twenty-one 2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty-two 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 20 twenty 100 one hundred 1.基数词的构成 (1)1~12为独立的数词,需逐个记忆。 (2)13~19都以-teen结尾。 (3)20~90中的整十的两位数均以-ty结尾。 (4)21~99中的非整十的两位数,在十位数和个位数之间要加连字符“-”。 (5)101~999中的百位数和十位数(若十位数为零则和个位数)之间用and连接,注意hundred后不能加-s。 基数词,不难记,发现规律就容易。 零至十二样各异,一个一个单独记。 后面加teen变十几,thirteen、 fifteen辨仔细。 eighteen只有一个t,小心拼写莫大意。 二十到九十加ty,twenty、 eighty重点记。 forty没有字母u,thirty、 fifty更出奇。 十位数后接个位,表示数字几十几。 按序排列不费力,连接符号莫丢弃。 写到几百几十几,and将百与十系。 巧学妙记加努力,hundred是你的好成绩! 2.基数词的用法 (1)基数词可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。例如: Three are missing. I want two. (2)“基数词+名词(+形容词)”合成的定语中,其中的名词用单数。例如: a 10-metre-long bridge (3)与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等词连用的数词作主语,常看作一个整体,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如: Twenty years is quite a long time. ●序数词 序数词表示事物的先后顺序,往往与冠词the连用。 1st first 11th eleventh 21st twenty-first 2nd second 12th twelfth 22nd twenty-second 3rd third 13th thirteenth 30th thirtieth 4th fourth 14th fourteenth 40th fortieth 5th fifth 15th fifteenth 50th fiftieth 6th sixth 16th sixteenth 60th sixtieth 7th seventh 17th seventeenth 70th seventieth 8th eighth 18th eighteenth 80th eightieth 9th ninth 19th nineteenth 90th ninetieth 10th tenth 20th twentieth 100th hundredth 1.序数词的构成 (1)序数词“第一”“第二”“第三”有其特殊的形式,要注意它们的拼写。 (2)“第四”到“第十九”,除了“第五”“第八”“第九”“第十二”是特殊的拼写外,其余的都是其在相应基数词后面加-th构成。 (3)整十的基数词以ty结尾,变为序数词时,先将y改为ie,再加-th。 (4)21及以上的非整十的基数词变为序数词时,需将末位基数词变为序数词,前面仍用基数词形式。 (5)序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母组成。例如:first→1st;forty-second→42nd;sixty-third→63rd;two hundred and ninety-fourth→294th。 基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th, “一、二、三”,特殊记,末位字母t、d、d。 “八”减t,“九”去e, 逢“五”或“十二”,f来把ve替。 整十变化要注意,务必换y为ie, 若是遇上“几十几”,只变个位就可以。 2.序数词的用法 (1)序数词可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。例如: The second was a tall man. Work must come first. (2)序数词表示事物的顺序,常与定冠词the连用。但当前面有this、 that、 my等限定词修饰时,序数词前面不加定冠词。 (3)序数词可与a(n) 连用,表示“又一;再一”。 ●分数 分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”时,分母的序数词用复数形式,直接在词尾加“s”。一般情况下,单词之间可用连字符号“-”连接,也可不用。分数作主语时,谓语动词与分数所表示的名词的数保持一致。例如: 1/3 one third = one-third 2/3 two thirds = two-thirds 1/2 a (one) half 1/4 one fourth = a (one) quarter 3/4 three fourths = three quarters Two fifths of the apples are red. 【即学即练】 选择填空 ( )1.—Where 　　　　you born, Tom?   —I was born in Fujian. A.are　　　B.was　　　C.were ( )2.—Have you seen Tom today? —Yes. I 　　　　him just now.  A.saw B.see C.was seeing ( )3.My father 　　　　a driver three years ago. But now he works in the restaurant.  A.is B.was C.were ( )4.During the Qing Dynasty, children 　　　　kicking stone balls around in winter to keep warm.  A.enjoy B.enjoyed C.enjoying ( )5.Michael had a car accident yesterday and 　　　　his right leg.  A.hurts B.hurt C.hurting ( )6.—How is the weather in Fujian? —It is rainy today. But it 　　　　hot yesterday.  A.is B.were C.was ( )7.The woman 　　　　writing at a very young age and now she is a great writer.  A.starting B.starts C.started ( )8.Jane is twelve years old and today is her 　　　　birthday.  A.tenth B.eleventh C.twelfth ( )9.February is the 　　　　month of a year.  A.second B.two C.twice ( )10.—Can you play the piano? —Yes. But I 　　　　do it two years ago.  A.couldn't B.shouldn't C.mustn't 【参考答案】 课时七　七年级Unit 7 考点讲堂 考点1 三悟:1.I'm afraid you have the wrong number 2.B　3.afraid　of　hurting　afraid　to　tell　4.speaking 考点2 三悟: 1.planning　2.plan　3.make　a　plan　4.plans　to　go 5.planned 考点3 三悟: 1.winning　2.to make　3.unsure　4.makes sure　5.Sure enough　6.for sure 考点4 三悟: 1.taking　2.yourselves 考点5 三悟: 1.take　2.carry　3.brings　4.get　5.bring 语法梳理 即学即练 1.C　2.A　3.B　4.B　5.B　6.C　7.C　8.C　9.A　10.A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时八 七年级 Unit 8 【考点讲堂】 busy的用法 (2024·黑龙江)—Could you please sweep the floor, Daming? —Sorry, I can't.I'm busy cooking. 按要求完成下列练习 1.My mother was busy 　 　(prepare) dinner when we arrived.(用所给词的适当形式填空)  2.To forget her trouble, she busied 　 　(her) in her garden. (用所给词的适当形式填空)  3.昨天她忙于做大量的家务。(根据汉语意思完成句子) She 　 　 a lot of housework yesterday.   4.她太忙了以至于没有时间照料孩子。(根据汉语意思完成句子) She is 　 　 her child.  辨析hope、expect、wish与look forward to (2024·吉林长春)As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike which can fly in the sky. (2024·广东)They expect a sharp increase in the number of bike riders. (2024·山东滨州)The father once said that he wished to watch the national flag-raising ceremony at Tian'anmen Square someday. (2024·江苏扬州)—I hear you're leaving for Guilin for your holiday? —That's right.And I'm looking forward to it. 词(组) 含义及用法 hope 意为“希望”,更多地表达一种情感。常见搭配: ①hope to do sth. ②hope+that从句 ③I hope so. expect 意为“预料;期待;认为某事会发生”。常见搭配: ①expect (sb.) to do sth. ②expect+that从句 续表 词(组) 含义及用法 wish 意为“希望”,后接从句时,从句常用虚拟语气,侧重于不太可能实现的愿望。常见搭配: ①wish sb. sth. ②wish (sb.) to do sth. ③wish+that从句 look forward to 意为“盼望,期待”,常用于表示期望或向往某物或做某事。常见搭配: look forward to sth./doing sth. 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.我期待你很快回来。 I 　 　 your coming back soon.  2.我希望我能通过这次考试。 I 　 　 I can pass this exam.  3.我们期望他能成为我们的团队的一员。 We 　 　 he will become a member of our team.  4.我希望你的愿望成真。 I 　 　 your wishes come true.  5.我盼望着周末的到来。 I am 　 　the arrival of the weekend.  询问天气的句型 (2023·福建)—How is the weather today? —It's hot. You don't need to wear the coat. “How's the weather(+介词+地点/时间)?=What's the weather like(+介词+地点/时间)?”意为“某地/某时天气怎么样?”,其答语常为“It's+表示天气的形容词”。常见的表达天气的形容词: 　sunny (晴朗的)　rainy (下雨的)　windy (有风的) 　cloudy (多云的)　snowy (下雪的)　foggy (有雾的) 按要求完成下列练习 1.— 　 　(What/How) is the weather outside?  —It can't be hotter. You can even fry an egg on the street!(选词填空) 2.How is the weather in Canada in winter?(改为同义句) 　 　 in Canada in winter?  辨析v.-ing与v.-ed形容词 (2024·黑龙江)He found it very interesting to visit Harbin in winter. (2024·湖北武汉)—More and more teenagers are becoming interested in Xiangsheng and Xiaopin nowadays. —Yeah, that's because both can give people a big laugh. 辨析 意义和用法 v.-ing 形容词 一般用来形容“物体本身具有的性质”,表示“令人……的”。逻辑主语一般是物 v.-ed 形容词 一般用来形容“人的感受”,表示“感到……的”。逻辑主语一般是人 拓展 常见的v.-ing形容词和v.-ed形容词及其相关短语总结如下: v.-ing v.-ed 相关短语 amazing amazed be amazed at 对……感到惊讶 boring bored be bored with 对……感到厌烦 exciting excited be excited about 对……感到兴奋 interesting interested be interested in 对……感兴趣 续表 v.-ing v.-ed 相关短语 relaxing relaxed make oneself relaxed 放松自己 surprising surprised be surprised at 对……感到惊奇 tiring tired be tired of 对……感到厌烦 worrying worried be worried about 为……感到担心 按要求完成下列练习 1.She was good at physics although she found it 　 　(bore).(用所给词的适当形式填空)  2.When he heard the 　 　(excite) news, he was too 　 　(excite) to say a word.(用所给词的适当形式填空)  3.Playing games can make us 　 　(relax), but playing games too much is bad for our studies and health.(用所给词的适当形式填空)  4.这份工作使她感到厌倦,她想做一些完全不同的事情。(根据汉语意思完成句子) She 　 　 the work and wanted to do something completely different.   decide的用法 (2024·河南)But I haven't decided where to go yet. (2024·甘肃白银) My grandpa decided to give up smoking for his health. 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.他决定去爬山。 He decided　 　 　 　 the mountains.  2.她决定不参加聚会。 She　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　the party.  3.我们决定在公园里野餐。 We　 　 　 　 　 　 a picnic in the park.  4.他们决定把会议推迟到下周一。 They　 　 　 　 the meeting should be put off until next Monday.  5.我还没决定是否去旅行。 I haven't decided　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　a trip.  辨析arrive、get to与reach (2024·江西)—Has Bob arrived yet? —No, he's on his way. He'll be here soon. 词汇 词性 用法 arrive 不及物 动词 arrive in+大地点 arrive at+小地点 若地点为副词,前面不用介词 get to 动词词组 get to+地点 reach 及物动词 reach+地点 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.他们明天将到达这个城市。 They will　 　 in this city tomorrow.  2.请尽快到达学校。 Please 　 　 　 　school as soon as possible.  3.我们终于到达了山顶。 We finally 　 　the top of the mountain.  辨析alone与lonely (2024·四川凉山)—Did you watch To the Wonder with your parents last night? —No, I watched it alone. Both of them were busy. (2024·黑龙江)—The old man never feels lonely, does he? —No, because he has many friends. 词汇 含义 相关词组 alone adj.单独的;独自的 be alone 一个人待着 adv.单独地;独自地 live alone 独居 all alone 独立地;独自地 lonely adj.孤独地;寂寞的 be/feel lonely 感到寂寞 adj.荒凉的;偏僻的 a lonely island 一座荒凉的岛屿 I was traveling alone in the lonely mountain. I didn't feel lonely though I was alone.我在荒凉的山中独自旅行。虽孤身一人,但我并不感到寂寞。 Ⅰ.选择填空 ( )1.They have to leave their son 　　　　in the house when they go to work.  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.crazy 　B.lonely 　C.alone ( )2.The old fisherman lives 　　　　in a small house near the sea, but he doesn't feel 　　　　.  A.alone; lonely　　B.lonely; alone C.lonely; lonely Ⅱ.选词填空 lonely　alone 1.When she first went to the university, she felt very 　 　 because she knew no one there.  2.I know an old man who lives 　 　 in my hometown.  3.She was sitting 　 　 in the dark room.  4.He has lived in the 　 　 island for 10 days.  辨析full与fill (2024·四川乐山)—I'll never forget the experiences that we had in the volunteer work last summer. —Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun. (2024·安徽)My teacher's words in the last lesson filled my heart with warmth. 词汇 词性 含义 搭配 full 形容词 满的;充满的 be full of...充满……(状态) fill 动词 (使)充满;装满 fill...with...用……填满……(动作) be filled with...被……充满 (状态) 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.他听到这个好消息时非常激动,眼里满含泪水。 He was very excited and his eyes 　 　 tears when he heard the good news.  2.生活充满了各种各样的困难。机会并不是总能找到我们,所以我们必须要不断提高我们的能力。 Life 　 　 all kinds of difficulties. The opportunity does not always find us, so we must constantly improve our abilities.   3.他用一顿大餐填饱了空空的肚子。 He 　 　a big meal.  【语法梳理】 构词法 一、派生法 　　派生法,又叫词缀法,即在一个单词前或后加上前缀或后缀,构成新的单词。 1.常见前缀 前缀一般不造成词性的转换,但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。 意义 前缀 例词 不;非; 无 un- unusual不同寻常的;unhappy不开心的;unluckily不幸地 dis- dislike不喜欢;disappear消失;dishonest不诚实的 im- impolite不礼貌的;impossible不可能的;impatient不耐烦的 in- inexpensive不贵的;incomplete不完全的;incorrect不正确的 ir- irregular不规则的;irresponsible不负责任的 续表 意义 前缀 例词 错误的 mis- misunderstand误解;misuse误用 重新;再 次;又 re- rewrite重写;retell复述;rebuild重建 使…… en- enable使能够;enlarge扩大 2.常见后缀 后缀不仅能改变词的含义,也能改变词性。 词类 后缀 例词 名词 -er;-or; -(r)ess driver驾驶员;worker工人;hostess女主人;actress女演员 -a;-an; -ian Australian澳大利亚人;European欧洲人;musician音乐家 -ese Chinese中国人;汉语 -ist typist打字员;pianist钢琴家;violinist小提琴家 -ment development发展;achievement成就 续表 词类 后缀 例词 名词 -ion; -tion; -sion; -ation discussion讨论;decision决定;translation翻译 -ship friendship友谊;leadership领导(力) -th truth事实;warmth温暖;length长度 -ing building建筑;feeling感觉 -ness illness疾病;kindness善良;coldness寒冷 -ty safety安全;necessity必要性 -dom kingdom王国;freedom自由 -hood childhood童年;neighborhood社区 形容词 -able/ ible comfortable舒服的;flexible灵活的 -al central中央的;national民族的;traditional传统的 -d;-ed moved感动的;tired疲惫的;excited兴奋的 -ing moving感人的;tiring令人疲倦的;exciting令人兴奋的 -ful careful仔细的;helpful有帮助的;useful有用的 -less careless粗心的;helpless无助的;useless无用的 -ly friendly友好的;weekly每周的 -y noisy吵闹的;lucky幸运的;healthy健康的 -ous serious严重的;humorous幽默的 -en wooden木制的;golden金制的 -ical musical音乐的;chemical化学的 -ive active有活力的;impressive令人难忘的 -ern eastern东方的;western西方的 数词 -teen thirteen十三;fifteen十五 -ty sixty六十;seventy七十 -th fourth第四;fifth第五 副词 -ly carefully细心地;happily开心地 -ward(s) forward(s)向前;afterward(s)后来 动词 -en loosen解开;brighten使变亮;widen加宽 -ize realize实现;apologize道歉 拓展 初中常见的同根词如下: 词根 含义 同根词 success (n.) 成功 succeed(v.)实现目标;成功 successful(adj.)获得成功的;有成就的 successfully(adv.)成功地 develop (v.) 发展 developing(adj.)发展中的 developed(adj.)发达的 development(n.)发展 dead (adj.) 死的 death(n.)死亡 dying(adj.)奄奄一息的 die(v.)死;死亡 please (v.) 使高兴 pleasure(n.)高兴;愉悦 pleased(adj.)高兴的 pleasant(adj.)令人愉快的 interest (v.&n.) 使感兴 趣;兴趣 interesting(adj.)有趣的 interested(adj.)感兴趣的 surprise (v.&n.) 使惊讶; 惊奇 surprising(adj.)令人惊讶的 surprised(adj.)感到惊讶的 care (v.&n.) 关心; 小心 careful(adj.)仔细的 carefully(adv.)仔细地 careless(adj.)马虎的;粗心大意的 carelessly(adv.)粗心地 sleep (v.&n.) 睡觉 asleep(adj.)睡着的 sleepy(adj.)困倦的;瞌睡的 sleeping(adj.)睡着的 luck(n.) 运气 lucky(adj.)幸运的 luckily(adv.)幸运地 unlucky(adj.)不幸的 unluckily(adv.)不幸地 二、转化法 转化指一个单词不经过任何的词形变化而从一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。 词性转化 例词 名词→ 动词 book n.书→v.预定 water n.水→v.浇水 show n.表演;展出→v.展览;展示 hand n.手→v.传递;上交 color n.颜色→v.染色 动词→ 名词 cook v.烹饪→n.厨师 judge v.判决→n.法官 walk v.散步→n.散步 talk v.谈论→n.谈话 stop v.停止→n.车站 look v.看→n.看;外貌 形容词→ 名词 American adj.美国的→n.美国人 European adj.欧洲的→n.欧洲人 daily adj.每日的→n.日报 high adj.高的→n.最高水平 final adj.最后的→n.决赛 形容词→ 动词 slow adj.慢的→v.放慢 clean adj.干净的→v.打扫 correct adj.正确的→v.改正 free adj.自由的→v.释放 dry adj.干燥的→v.把……弄干 三、合成法 由两个或两个以上的词组合起来,合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。 类型 构成方式 例词 复合 名词 名词+名词/ 动词/动名词 classroom教室;sunrise日出;handwriting书法 动词+名词/副词 playground操场;comeback重返 形容词+名词 greenhouse温室 复合 名词 副词+动词 outbreak爆发 介词+名词 afternoon下午 复合 动词 名词+动词 sightsee 观光 形容词+名词 highlight使……突出 副词+动词 oversleep睡过头 复合形 容词 名词+形容词/ 过去分词 homesick想家的;handmade手工制作的 形容词/副词+ 分词 kind-hearted好心的;hard-working勤奋的 副词+过去分词 well-known知名的 复合 副词 副词+副词/介词 whenever无论何时; thereafter此后 介词+名词 indoors在室内 代词+名词 sometimes有时 复合 代词 不定代词+名词 everything每件事 【即学即练】 选择填空 ( )1.Umbrellas and raincoats are what people need in 　　　　days.  A.windy B.sunny C.rainy ( )2.It was 　　　　yesterday. I could hardly see anything on the road.  A.sunny B.cloudy C.foggy ( )3.He acted very well in this new movie. He is really an excellent 　　　　.  A.actor B.worker C.doctor ( )4.—What's your plan for the summer holiday? —I plan 　　　　swimming.  A.learn B.to learn C.learning ( )5.Tina made a 　　　　to stay and see what would happen.  A.decision B.talk C.truth ( )6.Let's take a tent for the trip. We can 　　　　in it.  A.asleep B.sleep C.sleepy 【参考答案】 课时八　七年级Unit 8 考点讲堂 考点1 三悟:1.preparing　2. herself　3.busied herself in doing/was busy (in) doing /busied herself with/was busy with　4. too busy to look after/take care of 考点2 三悟: 1.look forward to　2.hope/expect　3.expect/hope 4.wish/hope　5.looking forward to 考点3 三悟: 1.How　2.What's the weather like 考点4 三悟: 1.boring　2.exciting　excited　3.relaxed　4.was bored with/tired of 考点5 三悟: 1.to　climb　2.decided　not　to　attend 　3.decided　to　have　4.decided　that　5.whether　to　go　on 考点6 三悟: 1.arrive　2.get　to 　3.reached 考点7 三悟: Ⅰ.1.C　2.A Ⅱ.2.1.lonely　2.alone　3.alone　4.lonely 考点7 三悟: 1.were filled with/were full of　2.is filled with/is full of　3.filled his empty stomach with 语法梳理 即学即练 1.C　2.C　3.A　4.B　5.A　6.B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$