Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)知识点梳理 2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. Section A (Grammar Focus-4c)知识点梳理 1 I’d like to help homeless people. homeless /'h ml s/ adj. 无家可归的 We must take good care of the homeless cats and dogs.我们必须好好照顾无家可归的猫和狗。(作定语) He was homeless, so we took him in.他无家可归,我们就收留了他。(作表语) She would like to help the homeless. 她想帮助无家可归的人。 拓展:构词法记单词 homeless 是由“名词home +-less(表示否定意义的形容词后缀)”构成。类似构成的词还有:hopeless(无希望的);useless(无用的);helpless(无助的);meaningless(无意义的);jobless(无业的;失业的);worthless(无价值的)等。 考题1: After the heavy rain, many people became _ (home). 答案:homeless 2 I’m making some signs to put up around the school. (重点)put up 张贴 Could you please help me put up the notices?请你帮助我张贴通知好吗? 拓展:1)put up 为“动词+ 副词”结构的动词短语,其宾语常常是通知、布告、海报等类的名词。 2)put up 的其他常用含义: “举起;抬起” Now I can’t put up my hands.现在我的双手抬不起来了。 “建造;搭建” We put up our tents on the top of the mountain and enjoyed ourselves.我们在山顶搭建了帐篷并且玩得很开心。 “提出(建议等)” Please put up a good idea for me.请为我提出一个好主意。 考题2: [常州] —Can you _ the sign for the community party? —Sure, where should I hang it? A.keep up B.take up C.give up D.put up 答案:D 3 I’m too busy with my studies this year. be busy with... 忙于做……后接名词或代词作宾语。 My teacher is often busy with work, and he even has no time to relax on weekends.我的老师经常忙于工作他甚至在周末都没有时间放松。 The farmers are busy working in the field.农民们正在田地里忙于工作。 考题3: Many medical workers are busy _ their work during lunch time. A.to B.of C.from D.with 答案:D 4 For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. raise /re z/ v. 募集;征集,raise 是及物动词,后接名词、代词作宾语。常用短语raise money for,意为“为……筹款” We raised some money for the sick child yesterday.昨天我们为这个生病的孩子募集了一些钱。 He raised his hand to wave. 他举起他的手挥舞。 The Shenzhou XVIII members raise fish for the first time in the Tiangong space station.神舟十八号成员首次在天宫空间站养鱼。 Don’t raise your voice to me! 别对我高声大叫! raise 的其他含义:举起;抚养;饲养;提高 考题4: Tom and his friends sold their toys to _ money for the children in poor areas. A.accept B.keep C.raise D.cost 答案:C 5 I want to travel alone. (重点) alone / 'l n/ adv. 独自;单独 辨析:alone 与 lonely alone 形容词 “单独的;独自的” 强调客观情况,数量上就一个。 副词 “独自;单独” lonely 形容词 “孤独的,寂寞的;荒凉的,偏僻的” 强调主观感情,心灵上的孤独,具有伤感色彩。 She watches TV when she is alone. 独自一人时,她便看电视。 Mary lived alone in New York for years.玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。 She has few friends here and she often feels lonely.她在这里几乎没有朋友,她常感到孤独。 There is a lonely house standing on the hill.一座偏僻的房屋矗立在小山上。 考题5: [绥化] —The old man lives _, so he may feel _. —We should visit him twice a month. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone 答案:A 6 语法《动词不定式的用法》 动词 不定式 的用法 概述 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其基本结构为“to +动词原形”,其中to是动词不定式符号。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。 用法 作宾语 动词不定式常放在一些动词后作宾语,常见的动词有:want, begin, decide, learn, agree, need, hope等。 作宾语 补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语说明宾语所做的动作,常见的动词有:want,tell,ask,invite,encourage,allow等。 用法 作状语 动词不定式作状语时常作目的状语。 特殊疑问词+ 动词不定式 动词不定式常与what, how, when, where等疑问词连用。 不带to的 动词不定式 在一些使役动词或感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式常省略动词不定式符号to,常见的动词有let, make(使), see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have(使;让)等。 1 I want to tell you a story.我想给你讲个故事。 We decided not to give up our plan.我们决定不放弃我们的计划。 速记小口诀 需要拒绝莫忘记 (need, refuse, forget),想要学习就努力 (want, learn, try), 希望帮助并同意 (hope/wish, help, agree),喜欢决定后开始 (like, decide, begin)。 考题1: [达州] Qiqi hopes _ medicine in Sichuan University. A. studies B. studying C. to study 答案:C 2 Our teachers ask us not to waste time.我们的老师们要求我们不要浪费时间。 I want you to help me.我想要你帮助我。 拓展:动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式符号to前加not。 考题2: Our headmaster will invite a scientist _ us a speech on space technology. A. give B. given C. giving D. to give 答案:D 3 He studies hard to go to university.他努力学习是为了上大学。 We came here to help the old people.我们来这里是为了帮助老年人。 考题3: _ teenagers’ eyesight,experts advise them to stay away from electronic products. A. Protect B. To protect C. Protecting 答案:B 4 I’m sorry I don’t know when to start.对不起,我不知道什么时候开始。 With your help, I learned how to solve the problem. 在你的帮助下,我学会了怎样解决这个问题。 考题4: 上周我教我的爷爷如何使用电脑。 I taught my grandfather _ _ _ the computer last week. 答案:how to use 5 I often see them play soccer on the playground.我经常看到他们在操场上踢足球。 What made her cry? 是什么使她哭的? 考题5: The actor used to make jokes on himself to make people _ in his movies. A. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed 答案:A 7语法《动词短语》 动词短语 概述 动词短语是动词的一种固定搭配形式,可以把它看作是一个整体,同一般动词一样使用。 构成 动词+ 副词 部分动词短语可作不及物动词,如come back(回来);start off(动身);go by(流逝)等;也可作及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语,名词放在副词的前后均可,代词要位于副词前。如cheer up(振奋起来);clean up(打扫干净);put up(举起;张贴);cut up(切碎)等。 构成 动词+ 介词 此结构的动词短语相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是位于介词后面。如look after (照看);hear from (收到……的来信);wait for(等候);look like(看起来像)等。 动词+ 副词+ 介词 此结构的动词短语相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是位于介词后面。如come up with(想出);run out of(耗尽);catch up with(赶上);look forward to(盼望)等。 构成 动词+ 名词 常见的动词有have, make, tell, take 等,如have a rest(休息);make a mistake (出错);tell a joke (讲笑话);take a walk(散步)等。 动词+ 名词+ 介词 此结构的动词短语相当于一个及物动词,名词前可以加形容词,宾语总是位于介词后面。如have a look at(看一看);make friends with(与……交朋友);pay attention to(注意);take part in(参加)。 1 When will we start off?我们什么时候动身? Let’s go to cheer her up.咱们去使她振奋起来。 2 Do you often hear from your parents?你经常收到你父母的来信吗? Who are you waiting for?你在等谁? 考题6: When you _ Mamianqun (horse-face skirt), you will sense the beauty of China’s traditional clothing. A.turn on B.get on C.put on D.depend on 答案:C 考题7: [重庆B卷]我们应该学会照顾自己。(完成译句) We should learn to _ _ ourselves. 答案:care for/look after 3 In the end, we came up with a good idea.最后,我们想出了一个好主意。 We are looking forward to hearing from you.我们正盼望着收到你的来信。 考题8: [福建]—Xiao Hai won the first prize in our School Art Festival. —Wonderful! I am _ his next performance. A.looking forward to B.paying attention to C.getting used to 答案:A 考题9: —I’m worried about leaving my friends and going to a new school. —Take it easy. I’m sure you’ll _ your classmates if you are friendly to them. A. get along with B. catch up with C. get together with D. come up with 答案:A 4 Why not have a rest?为什么不休息呢? Please be careful, or you’ll make mistakes.请细心点,否则你将会出错。 考题10: [陕西]如果你想乘坐公交车,地图小程序能告诉你选择哪一路车。(完成译句) If you want to _ _ _, map apps can tell you which one to choose. 答案:take the bus 5 May I have a look at your new watch?我可以看看你的新手表吗? Now students can take part in all kinds of activities.现在学生们能参加各种各样的活动。 考题11: [广州]凯特计划参加学校科学日活动。 Kate was planning to _ _ _ the activities on the School Science Day. 答案:take part in 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$