专题一 名词(教用)-【加速度中考】2025年陕西中考英语练透教材

第二部分 专题整合过语法 专题一 名词 [3~9分] 练 语法知识 名词词义辨析(6年18考) 语法点1 续表 变化规则 同类名词词义辨析(2024.39.2023.32.38.2022.32、 举罔 38.2021.3233.2020.39.2019.39) 以“元音字母+y” 不同类名词词义辨析(2023.31.2022.25.34.37. boy→boys: key→keys: 结尾的名词,直接 2021.35.2020.3238.2019.3040) 在词尾加-s holiday→holidays 语法点2名词的数(6年12考) 以f或fe结尾的 wolf→wolves; 可数名词 名词,先将f或fe knife→9 knives; 可数名词有单数和复数之分:当表示单 变为③V,再 wife→wives: thief→thieves 的概念时,前面通常用不定冠词a/an修饰;当 加-es 特殊:belief→beliefs 表示两个或两个以上的概念时,前面通常用表 示复数概念的限定词修饰,如数词(除one之外 以“辅音字母+o” 结尾的名词,有生 的基数词)、代词(our.their.these.those)、不定 tomato→tomatoes: 命的加-es; potato→potatoes; 代词( many, all. some. a few. few)(2022. 25.2019 无生命的加piano→pianos 30等。 -8 1.可数名词变复数的规则变化 以“元音字母+0” 举 变化规则 z0o→z0os; 结尾的名词,在词 email一→emails(2024.67): radio→radios 尾加-s sport→sportsi2023,56): problem→① problems 巧记口诀 (203.62); 可数名词变复数的规则变化 bag→bags(2021.56); 名词复数有规律,一般词尾加-s;辅音字母+y 一般情况下,在名 hour→hours(2021.68); 型,变y为i加-es;ch,sh,s,x真有趣,大多都加-es; 词后直接加-s dog→dogs(2020.56); f,fe真小气,大多都是v来替,-es在后别忘记;字母 race→races(2020.67); o来真神奇,有生命加-es,没有生命加-s。 vegetable→② vegetables (2019.56); 2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化 meter→meters(2019.65); 变化规则 box→boxes; 举例 以s.x.ch,sh等结 内部 bus→④buses; 变a为e型 man→men; woman一→women 尾的名词,在词尾 watch→watches: wish→wishes tooth→teeth: foot→feet 加③-es 变oo为ee型 特殊:stomach-→stomachs 特殊:boot→boots 变化 以“辅音字母+y” 其他 family→families; mouse→mice 结尾的名词,先变 词尾加-en或-ren story→stories ox-→oxen: child→children 为1,再加-es ·100. 续表 常见的既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词 变化规则 举例 的词 单复数同形 sheep→sheep: deer→deer 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 小鸡 鸡肉 chicken orange 橙子 Chinese→Chinese 单复数同形 橙汗 某国人 Frenchman→ 体操 报纸; 锻炼 变a为e exercise 文件 paper 纸 ① Frenchmen 变复数 练习 词尾加-s 经验 American→Americans experience 经历 radio 收音机无线电 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 房间 room 空间 拓。 鱼的 次数; fish 鱼肉 time 名词作定语时数的变化 倍数 时间 种类 (1)当man或woman作定语变复数时,其本身 和被修饰的名词都要变复数。如:amandoctor→ 木头; 铁 iron 慰斗 wood 树林 I many men doctors 木材 light work 作品 电灯 光;光线 (2)当不是man或woman作定语变复数时,只 工作 !将被修饰的名词变复数。如:aboystudent→six boy 语法点3 + students 名词所有格(6年6考) 不可数名词 类别 用法 举例 1.不可数名词的分类 this person's email 举例 类别 address(2024. 64); the kingfisher bird's/ homework/schoolwork 家庭作业(202) ①单数名词或集 birds' example ( 2023 概念 56);advice劝告,建议;information信 体名词直接68); 息,消息;knowledge知识,学问 加-'s; with other people's 学科 chemistry化学;geography 地理 ②复数名词,当以 help(2022.65); 情感 sadness忧伤;joy欢乐,高兴 s 结尾时,加 his father's bike(2021. 材料 plastic塑料.塑胶;silk丝绸,丝织物 ;不以s67); 层过 -'s所 结一尾一时,一加 the world's top athletes 饮食 milk牛奶:water水:soup汤:tea茶 -'s 有格 (2020.62); 自然 sand沙子;soil土壤;rain雨; his wife's sweet potato 物质 snow雪;oil油,石油 (2019.69); 2.不可数名词的量化 two weeks' leave 不可数名词没有复数形式,只能通过量词 ①表示几个人共 短语来量化 同拥有时,在最后 Jim and Tom's room 情况 结构 一个人名后加-s; 举例 (共用); ②表示每个人各 a piece of advice Jim's and Tom's rooms 具体 数词/不定冠词+ 自拥有时,在每个 一条建议; (各自) 计量词+of+不 的量 two bowls of rice 人名后加-'s 可数名词 两碗米饭 a map of China: of所 大概 some water一些水: of+名词 表示数量的限定 the name of the young 有格 的量 词+不可数名词 a lot of money 许多钱 man ·101· 续表 red cup/glass红色的杯子(2021.57) 类别 用法 举例 big/large company 大公司(2019.57) of+-s名词所有格 a friend of her mother's warm smile 温暖的微笑 双重 fast food快餐 lucky money压岁钱 所有格of+名词性物主 national flag 国旗 a word of hers social problem社会问题 代词 语法点5专有名词 类别 举例 (1)表示“店铺”“某人的家”“诊所”“办公 表示人名、头衔 Mike迈克 室”等的名词所有格后,一般省略被修饰的地点名 或尊称 Doctor Black 布菜克医生 !词。如:at thedoctor's在诊所 (2)节日的表达:Father'sDay父亲节:Mother's the United Nations联合国 表示团体或机构 fDay 母亲节:NewYear's Day 新年; Children's Day Bank of China中国银行 儿童节;Women'sDay妇女节;Teachers'Day教 Journey to the West 《西游记》 师节 表示书籍、报刊。 Time《时代周刊》 (3)“基数词+连字符+可数名词单数”一般 电影等 用作定语修饰名词,相当于“基数词+名词所有 Kung Fu Panda《功夫能猫》 格”。如:a five-year plan=a five years'plan 0 Monday 星期一 表示星期、月份、 May五月 -语法点4 名词短语(6年4考) 节日 National Day 国庆节 名词+名词 History Museum 历史博物馆(2020.59) England英格兰 表示国名、地名。 city library 城市图书馆 animal world动物世界 Chinatown唐人街 山河名 table manners餐桌礼仪 text message短信 Oomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰 health care 医疗保健 summer holiday暑假 由普通名词构成。 the Great Wall 长城 形容词+名词 的专有名词 the Palace Museum 故宫 personal/private information 私人信息 (2022.60) 语法盾境 I.完成句子 The 9th Asian Winter Games will be held in 1.艾伦希望有一天能在北京学习中医。 February , 2025 inHarbin. Alan hopes to study traditional Chinese 5.在罗马,有许多可以参观的古老建筑。 medicine in Beijing one day. In Rome, there are a lot of old/ancient 2.和我的父母在公园里散步是我最喜欢的活动 buildings to visit. 之一。 6.九月是一年中的第九个月,教师节就在这 Walking in the park with my parents is one of 个月。 my favorite activities . September is the ninth month of the vear and 3.我们必须尽快处理水污染问题。 Teachers' Day is in this month. We must deal with the problem of _water 7.我们都知道在现代社会学好一门外语的重 pollution as soon as possible. 要性。 4.第九届亚洲冬季运动会将于2025年2月在 We all know the importance of learning a 哈尔滨举行。 foreign language well in modern society. ·102. 8.秋天,院子里到处都是黄色的叶子,像仙女一1.A.time B. break C. idea 样在风中翩翩起舞。 D. photo 2. A. forms In autumn, the yard is full of yellow leaves B. choices dancing in the wind like fairies. C.parts D. stores 9.评书是我奶奶的最爱。它是中国最受欢迎的 3. A. invention B. greeting 艺术形式之一。 C. voice D. meaning Pingshu is my grandma's favourite. It's one of 4. A. function B. way C. advice the most popular art forms in China. D. talk 5. A. seconds 10.钢琴奏鸣曲《月光》是贝多芬最著名的作品 B.minutes 之一。 C. years D. centuries 6. A. books The piano sonata Moonlight is one of the most B. paper C. pencils famous works of Beethoven. D. money II.完形填空 III.短文填空[护教八下U1P13改编] Do you know World Letter Writing Day? It school student difficulty activity was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. It usuall thing housework girl falls in September every year. He encouraged My name is Feng Guixiang. I want to tell you people to take a 1 B from today's social about the China Children and Teenagers' Fund media and write a letter to someone by hand. (CCTF) and how it changed 1. students' Who should you write to? Think about a lives. One of the CCTFs special 2. friend or relative who lives far away. A parent or activities best friend would also love to receive your letter. is the Spring Bud Project(春蕾计划). In1989. How do you write a letter? Generally 4. 8 million children in the country couldn't go to school although they had a strong interest in speaking, a letter includes these 2 C. The learning. Eighty-three percent of them were date and a 3 B such as“Dear..." should be 3. girls . Because of this, the CCTF at the top of the letter. A elosing part such as launched the Spring Bud Project to raise money to "Love" or "Yours truly" needs to follow the help them. Since then, the project has helped body. End it by signing it. millions of girls return to school. It has also built Why should you pick up a pen and write a a lot of 4. schools. letter? It is a surprise that may make someone's The very first Spring Bud class was here in day. It's a good 4 B to show people that you Guangxi in 1989. The Spring Bud Project paid for have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a me to attend that class. It also helped me get over personal touch. It makes pleasant and enjoyable different 5. difficulties in my life. It rented moments. Some people have been saving their (相) a room close to the school for me. letters and reviewing them over the 5 C . Before the project started, I staved at home and helped my mother with the 6. housework. A recent study shows that letter writing makes Going to school changed my life. I learned to read the writer very happy, too. "Handwriting is your and write and do many other 7. things . DNA." It's your fingerprint that only you can Now I work as a teacher at a Spring Bud share with others. school here in Guangxi. I strongly wish to pass on So, get some 6 B and pick up a pen. the kind action among students. I will help other Start writing a letter today! girls the way the Spring Bud Project helped me. ·103.