专题二 动词和动词短语(教用)-【加速度中考】2025年陕西中考英语练透教材

专题二 动词和动词短语 [9~11分] 语法知识 -语法点1 动词的分类及词义辨析(6年22考) (3)表示状态变化的系动词:get,turn,go, 动词的分类 become,grow等; 根据意义和在句子中的功能,动词可以分 (4)表示保持状态的系动词:keep,stay, 为以下四类: leave,remain等。 1.实义动词 3.助动词 实义动词具有实际的意义,表示动作或状 助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单 态,可在句中单独作谓语。 独作谓语,只能和其他动词一起构成谓语,表示 (1)按句法功能分为;及物动词和不及物动 词。其用法如下: 时态、语态,帮助动词构成各种否定句和疑问句 分类 用法 等结构,有人称和数的变化。常见的助动词有; be 动词(am. is. are):do(does, did);have(has. 及物动词本身意思不完整,需要接宾语 及物 才能使其意思表达完整,后接名词、代 had):will(would)和 shall(should)等。 动词 词、动名词等作宾语,可用干被动语态 4.情态动词(详见专题三) 不及物动词本身意思完整,无需接宾语, 动词词义辨析 不及物 可直接构成“主语+谓语”的句型,不能 1.不同动词词义辨析(2024.2431333840.2023.24.33 动词 用于被动语态,若后面接宾语,必须与介 3437.2022.233335.2021. 2236 30,2020. 273336.40.2019 词连用 323435) (2)按动作发生过程的长短分为:延续性动 2.近义动词词义辨析: 词和非延续性动词。其用法如下: (1)三“到达”:arrive,reach与get 用法 分类 (2)三“借”:borrow,③ lend 与keep (3)四“拿”:get,take,bring与carry 也称持续性动词,表示能够延续的动作 延续 (4)三“给”:give,offer与④provide 如: study, work, stand. lie. know, walk 性动词 keep等,可以与表示时间段的状语(for4 (5)四“花费”:spend,take,cost 时间段,since+时间点或since从句)连用 与pay 语法点2 动词的基本形式(6年24考). 也称短暂性动词或瞬间性动词,表示动 非延续 作一发生,就立即结束,如:begin,buy, 形式 构成 举例 性动词 close, come, die, fail, find, finish,go send(2024.62); 等,一般不能与表示时间段的状语连用 need(2024.65); 2.系动词 offer(2023.69); 没有经过任何live(2022.62); 系动词不能在句中单独作谓语,必须与表 原形 变形,就是动achieve(2022.70); 语一起构成句子的谓语。常见的系动词分类 词本身的形态 talk(2021.62); 如下: spread(2020. 60); (1)be动词:am,①is ,are; g0(2020.70); (2)感官动词:sound,look,② taste take(2019.64) smell,feel等; ·104. 续表 续表 形式 构成 举例 形式 构成 举例 wait→ 一般在动词原 seem→ seems waiting 形后直接(2021.64); 一般在动词原 形后直接加 (2019.61); 加-s hope→hopes: like→likes -ing clean-→cleaning; try→trying 以s.o,x. sh.ch do-→does; 结尾的动词后 catch→catches; 以不发音的字 share→sharing; 加⑧ ) -es miss→misses 母e结尾的动 take→taking; 第来 词,2 去e give→giving; 以辅音字母加 再加-ing save→saving 单数 y结尾的动词 study→studies: fly→flies: 应将y变为 现在 carry→carries 分词 ,再加 以重读闭音节 结尾且末尾只 责 run→running; -es 有一个辅音字 sit→sitting; 特殊:be→is(223. 61.2m 母的动词,双swim一→swimming; 不规则变化 61)/are(复数)(2020.60); 写此辅音字母 drop→dropping have-- has (x0.63) 再加-ing 一般在动词原 play→played(2021.70); 少数以ie结尾 die→dying; 形后直接加work→worked; 的动词,变ie -ed tie→tying; turn→turned 为①y,再 lie→lying 以不发音的字 加-ing save→ saved 母e结尾的动 语法点3 动词短语(6年9考) 词 后 raise→raised: 只 encourage-→encouraged 加-d 同一动词型 1.come短语 以重读闭音节 come back 回来 come over顺便来访 结尾且末尾只stop一 __stopped come in进来 有一个辅音字 (2019.62); come down下来;落下 母的动词,双prefer→preferred: come on快点儿L:加油 come into继承:进入 写此辅音字母 drop→dropped comeout出版;出现;开花;发表 #书用 再加④ -ed cometrue实现;成为现实 以辅音字母加 come through经历;安然度过 y结尾的动词, 分词 . carry→carried: comeacross(偶然)遇见(或发现) 应将y变为study→studied; ,再加try→tried 2.go短语 go down下降 -ed goon继续 go out外出(娱乐) go back回去 be→was/were(2024. 66); go through通过;经受 get-→got-got/gotten(2023.66); go over仔细检查;复习 meet→met(2022.66); goby(时间)逝去;过去 win→won(2021. 69); go off(闹钟)发出响声;离开;熄灭 不规则变化 take-→took→taken (2020.66); 3. take短语 sell→sold(2019.68); take out取出 take turns 轮流 can→could(2019.70); take care当心:小心 take part in参加 catch→caught; take care of 照顾 take pride in感到自豪 give→gave→given take back 撤回 ·105· takeup占据(时间、空间);开始从事;拿起 turnon接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开 take after(外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 7. get短语 4. look短语 get to到达 get on进展;上车 look after 照料;照顾(2021.31) get off 下车 get up起床 look for寻找 lookup抬头看;查阅 get over 克服 get out离开;出去 look back回顾;回头看 look like看起来像 get into陷入;当选 look at察看 look around 参观 不同动词+不同介/副词型 look up to尊敬 look through 浏览 worry about 担心(2024.34) look forward to 盼望;期待 ②. give up 放弃(2022.58) 5. put短语 eat up/finish off/finish up 吃完(2o21.59) put back将......放回 put out熄灭;扑灭 cut down砍倒(2020.31) put down降落;放下;写下 2 give away 捐赠(2019.38) put into把.....放进;使进入 switch off/shut off 关掉 give out分发 put on穿上;上演;增加(体重) pickup捡起 putp张贴(广告等);搭建;举起 其他型 6. turn短语 take the bus乘坐公交车(2024.59) turn over翻身;翻转 turn off 关掉 drink/have water 喝水(zo23.58) turn into变成 turn around转身:调头 do(some) housework/chores 做家务(2019. 58) turn out结果是 turnto转向;求助于 makesure确信;证实 wash socks洗袜子 turnup调高(收音机、暖气等);出现 get/buy a special gift/present turndown拒绝;调低(声音) 得到/购买一个特别的礼物 语法情情 I. 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 II.完成句子 1. The Summer Palace attracts (attract )a 1.如果你在学习中遇到问题,你一定要先认真 large number of visitors every vear. 思考。 2. My grandmother received (receive)an If you meet problems in learning, you must invitation from her old friend the other day. think about them carefully first 3. Jerry tried to keep warm by covering 2.只要我们相信自己并采取行动,我们就能实 (cover) his body with a scarf in the wind. 现我们的梦想。 4. The first cartoon film with sound and music was As long as we believe in ourselves and made (make) in New York in 1928. take action, we can achieve our dreams 5. Not only the students but also their teacher 3.你需要带一张地图,否则你可能会在村子里 was (be) happy with the class party 迷路。 yesterday. 6. When you feel sad, you can find someone you You need to take a map with you, or you may trust (trust) to talk to. be/get lost in the village. 7. John is not a good team plaver. He seldom 4.在图书馆里,你可以自由浏览各种书籍,寻找 shares opinions with his teammates, does 你感兴趣的资料。 look through (do) he? In the library, you can all ·106. kinds of books freely and look for the materials 7. A. came out B. put up C. gave in you are interested in. D. looked around 5.他们需要钱为盲童建立一所特殊的学校。 IV.短文填空 They need money to set up a special 顾和园“最强扫地僧” school for blind children. become get call offer 6.我们必须确保学生能在一个安静祥和的教室 understand see grow like 里学习。 Have you ever heard of the "cleaning monk We must that the students can make sure (扫地僧)" in the Summer Palace?He is Zhang study in a quiet and peaceful classroom. Xu, a cleaner, but he is very familiar with the III. 完形填空[人教八下U6P43改编] ancient buildings of the Summer Palace. A video In November, 1979, pupils in England were of his explanation became very popular on the able to watch a new TV program 1 B Internet. Then many people 1. called him Monkey. Most of the kids in some Western the most powerful "cleaning monk" after a famous countries had 2 D this story. But this was the character in Chinese writer Louis Cha's novel first time that they watched it. Tianlong Babu. The Monkey King or Sun Wukong 3 C “One day. while I was cleaning up as usual. 12. the main character in the traditional Chinese book saw some tourists reading guide books. Journey to the West. He can4 Aall the It seemed that they got into trouble, so I went up difficulties bravely. In fact. he sometimes does to them and offered to help," Zhang Xu said “Besides cleaning, I also provide other services not even look like a monkey! This is beeause he like giving directions, answering questions, and can make 72 changes to his shape and size, 3. offering explanations. I never expected 5 D himself into different animals and this to 4. get so much attention. Actually. objects. But unless he can 6 A his tail, he it's just a normal part of my job." cannot turn himself into a man. To fight bad For Zhang Xu, the Summer Palace is people, the Monkey King uses a magic stick. special. As a child, he came here to play, and as The children of China have been in love with he5. grew up, he became a part of it. the Monkey King for many years. When the TV Zhang started working at the Summer Palace in program 7 A more than 30 years ago, foreign 2021, but he 6. likes to read different books children began reading this story, too. Because and search for information online. So he has the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the become a bit of an expert at the Summer weak and never gives up. Palace. 1. A. served B. called C. taken D. kept Zhang Xu savs that he doesn't want to be an 2. A. provided B. told Internet celebrity(网红),but he wants to C. tried D. heard continue learning, working and serving. He hopes 3.A.be B. am C.is D. are that one day he can become a professional 4. A. deal with B. think of commentator(解说员)onancient buildings so C. give up D. cut out that more people can 8. understand and fall 5. A. dividing B. cutting in love with the Summer Palace and Chinese C. leaving D. turning culture. B. lend 6. A. hide D. dig C. think -素材选自《英语周报》 ·107.