2024-2025学年高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册教材助读 清单

教材助读 Unit7 Careers 教材原文助读1 词汇积累 ①EQ (Emotional Quotient)情商，情感商数。一种自我情绪控制能力的指数，由美国心理学家彼得·沙洛维等人于1990年提出，属于发展心理学范畴。情商是一种认识、了解、控制情绪的能力。 ②IQ (Intelligence Quotient)智商，智力商数。代表相对智力水平的值，分数根据测试对象对一系列测验题的回答而判定。 ③intelligence [ɪn'telədʒəns] n.智力，智慧，理解力；才智 intelligent [In'telədʒənt] adj.机智的，有才智的；有智慧的；聪明的 ④quotient ['kwəʊʃənt] n.商数；系数；(质量、情感等的)指数，程度 ⑤determine [dɪ'tɜːmɪn] vt. 决定，直接影响；测定，确定 determined [dI'tɜːmɪnd] adj.坚决的；果断的 ⑥employ [ɪm'plɔɪ] vt.& n．雇用 employee [Im'plɔIiː] n.雇工；雇员 employer [Im'plɔIə(r)] n. 雇主；老板 ⑦predict [prɪ'dɪkt] vt. 预言，预料，预测 prediction [prI'dIkʃn] n． 预言，预测 ⑧deserve [dɪ'zɜːv] vt. 值得；应得，应受到(奖赏或惩罚) ⑨lower ['ləʊə] adj.(数字或数量)较小的；较低级的；下面的 ⑩association [əˌsəʊsi'eɪʃən] n．关联；联系；协会，社团 associate [ə'səʊsieIt] v.联系；联想 ⑪internal [ɪn'tɜːnl] adj. 自身的；内心的；内部的；国内的 ⑫adjust [ə'dʒʌst] vi.& vt. 适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节 adjustment [ə'dʒʌstmənt] n．调整，调节 ⑬announce [ə'naʊns] vt.宣布，宣告，公布 ⑭disability [ˌdɪsə'bɪləti] n. 伤残，残障，障碍；缺陷 disabled [dɪs'eɪbəld] adj.残障的，残疾的，有学习障碍的 ⑮willing ['wɪlɪ] adj.乐意、愿意(做某事)的；自愿的 be willing to do sth.乐意做某事 ⑯altogether [ˌɔːltə'ɡeðə] adv.总而言之，总的说来；完全，全部；一共 ⑰react [ri'ækt] vi.(作出)反应；回应 react to...对……作出反应 ⑱solely ['səʊli] adv.唯一地，仅仅，只 读文清障 Success Comes with a High EQ① Most students do an IQ②(Intelligence③Quotient④) test early in their school life.Even if they never see their results, they feel that their IQ is what determines⑤ how well they are going to do in life.[1]When they see other students doing better than them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change their situation.However, new research into EQ (Emotional Quotient) suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ. [1]本句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句；believe后跟两个并列的由that引导的宾语从句。 While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. [2]Professor Salovey, who invented the term EQ, gives the following description: at work, it is IQ that gets you employed⑥， but it is EQ that gets you promoted. Supported by his research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting⑦ someone's future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ. [2]本句为复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句；“it is IQ...you promoted”是but连接的两个并列的强调句型。 Professor Salovey may be correct.For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve⑧ good grades, sometimes end up failing exams? Perhaps their failure is because of their lower⑨ EQ.People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well.This association⑩ can exist, but it is just as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ or someone with a high IQ to have a low EQ. It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.They are also less likely to be troubled by internal⑪ problems.[3]On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; hence they have a harder time adjusting⑫ in life and in their careers. [3]本句为复合句。that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容；hence是一个副词，引导结果状语从句。 People generally believe that a person's IQ is determined by birth.However, most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with education.Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person's EQ, especially in terms of “people skills”， such as understanding and communication. Professor Mayer, recognised by many as a leading expert in the study of changes to people's EQs, recently announced⑬ the results of a study on senior secondary school students.[4]When students were introduced to those who had disabilities⑭， they found that, afterwards, the non­disabled students were more willing⑮ to help people with difficulties. Compared to students who had not been involved in the study, they also showed a better understanding of the disabled students' feelings.There was also an obvious change in the disabled students' attitudes.They became more positive about life and more willing to try new things. [4]本句为复合句。when引导时间状语从句；who引导定语从句；that引导宾语从句。 Altogether⑯， the results of studies show that EQ is as important, if not more important than IQ.To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life requires getting on well with other people and being able to understand and react⑰ to situations in the best way possible.A high EQ is necessary for this—the higher the better.[5]And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that schools need to make sure that their students are receiving an education they really need, not solely⑱ based on IQ but on developing the entire character. [5]本句为复合句。fact后的that引导同位语从句；means后的that引导宾语从句；sure后的that引导宾语从句。 原文翻译 成功来自高情商 大多数学生会在学生生涯早期做智商(智力商数)测试。即使他们从未看到过自己的结果，他们也觉得自己的智商决定了他们在日后生活中的表现。当看到其他学生做得比自己优秀时，他们通常会认为那些学生智商更高，自己无论做什么也改变不了自身的处境。然而，最新的情商(情感商数)研究表明，成功并不仅仅是高智商的结果。 你的智商表明你的聪明程度，而你的情商告诉你怎样能很好地利用自己的聪明。发明了情商一词的沙洛维教授这样描述：让你被录用的是智商，但让你升职的是情商。以他的研究作为依据，沙洛维教授建议，在预测某个人未来的成功时，他们的性格，通常由情商来测定，实际上可能比他们的智商更重要。 沙洛维教授或许是对的。举个例子，你有没有想过，为什么班里那些你认为本应取得好成绩的最聪明的学生，有时最终考试却不及格？也许他们的失败是因为他们较低的情商。人们常误以为高智商的人也同样拥有高情商。这种关联可能存在，但同样也有可能低智商的人拥有高情商，或者高智商的人拥有低情商。 人们普遍认为，情商高的人容易接受新思想，而且对待生活的态度是积极乐观的。他们也不太可能为自身问题所困扰。另一方面，毫无疑问情商低的人往往在与人相处、解决困难方面存在问题；因此，他们在生活和职业上都很难适应。 人们普遍认为人的智商是一出生就决定了的。然而，大多数社会学家认为，情商与教育有很大关系。一些人正试图研究提高一个人的情商的可能性，特别是在“人际交往技巧”方面，例如理解和沟通。 梅尔教授是公认的人类情商变化研究领域的顶级专家，他最近公布了一项针对高中生的研究结果。他们发现，当学生被介绍给有残障的学生之后，这些身体健全的学生会更愿意帮助有困难的人。与未参与这一研究的学生相比，他们能更好地理解残障学生的感受。同时，残障学生的态度也发生了明显的变化，他们对待生活更加积极，更愿意尝试新事物。 总之，一系列研究表明，情商即使不比智商更重要，至少也与智商同等重要。要在这个世界上出人头地，过上快乐又成功的生活，必须要与他人相处融洽，并能够以最好的方式理解和应对各种状况。要做到这些的话，高情商必不可少——越高越好。此外，情商是可以提高的，这就意味着学校需要确保学生接受真正所需的教育，是全面发展的教育，而不仅仅是基于智商的教育。 教材原文助读2 词汇积累 ①footstep ['fʊtstep] n. 脚步声；脚步 follow in one's footsteps 继承某人的事业，步某人的后尘 ②profession [prə'feʃən] n．职业；专业，行业 ③workshop ['wɜːkʃɒp] n. 车间，工厂；作坊 ④prospect ['prɒspekt] n. 预期；展望；设想；可能性，希望 ⑤retirement [rɪ'taɪəmənt] n．退休，退职 ⑥relevant ['reləvənt] adj. 有关的，切题的；相关的 ⑦lottery ['lɒtəri] n．抽彩给奖法；碰运气的事 ⑧decent ['diːsənt] adj. 得体的；相当好的，像样的，可接受的 ⑨salary ['sæləri] n. 薪金，工资 ⑩recipe ['resəpi] n. 秘诀；方法；烹饪法，食谱 ⑪innovator ['ɪnəveɪtə] n. 革新者，创新者 ⑫specialist ['speʃəlɪst] n．专家 ⑬occupation [ˌɒkjə'peɪʃən] n． 工作，职业 ⑭pace [peɪs] n．(移动的)速度，进度；步速 at the pace of以……的速度 ⑮outsource ['aʊtsɔːs] vt. 外包，外办 ⑯retrain [ˌriː'treɪn] vt.(为从事新工作)接受再培训，对……再训练 ⑰qualify ['kwɒlɪfaɪ] vi.& vt.(使)有资格，有权利；取得资格，达到标准 ⑱likelihood ['laɪklihʊd] n．可能，可能性 ⑲multiple ['mʌltəpəl] adj. (数量)多的，多种的，涉及多个人(物，事等)的 ⑳be thrown out of a career被职业抛弃；被开除 ㉑essential [ɪ'senʃəl] adj.本质的；必不可少的；极其重要的；最基本的 ㉒security [sɪ'kjʊərəti] n．保障，保护；保安措施，安全工作 ㉓employer [ɪm'plɔɪə] n．雇佣者，雇主；老板 读文清障 MEET THE NEW BOSS: YOU Up until the 1980s, people in many countries regularly followed in their parents' footsteps① by working in the family business or joining the same profession② as them.You'd follow your father to sea, onto the farm or into the workshop③.You'd follow your mother into the kitchen or sewing room.In your grandparents' time, there was the prospect④ of doing the same job from graduation until retirement⑤.How times have changed! Most people now have no intention of following in their parents' footsteps or even staying at one job for very long. In fact, planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life just isn't practical anymore.One reason for this is technology.[1]The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant⑥ and be enough to help you through your entire career. In fact, they will probably be out of date very soon.And then what will you do? Work hard? Win the lottery⑦？ Hope for the best? You might be lucky. [2]These strategies might bring you a nice, comfortable life: working at a job you like, earning a decent⑧ salary⑨ and retiring while you're still young and healthy. But most of us today have to look beyond the little box called “career”． [1]本句中的you have now是省略了关系词的定语从句；to remain relevant和be enough to help...是两个并列的不定式结构，其中第二个省略了不定式符号to。 [2]本句中的“working at a job you like...young and healthy”作a nice, comfortable life的同位语；while引导时间状语从句。 If you think you can work eight hours a day and build a career, think again.You might be able to keep your job if you finish what you are asked to do, but this is hardly a recipe⑩ for great career success.Instead, you'd better keep looking for smarter ways to do your work.You'll need to be a risk taker, an innovator⑪， a problem solver, and a hard worker.[3]Keep doing this, and you can become an expert or a specialist⑫ in something one day.You have a chance to choose to build a career, rather than being told to stay or to go. Jobs and occupations⑬ come and go at an amazing pace⑭ these days.If you think you can't be replaced by software, or your job can't be outsourced⑮ to some robots on the moon, you are wrong.[4]What if your job disappears after working for 10 years in the field? You may have to go back to the classroom and be retrained⑯ in order to qualify⑰ to work in another field.In fact, in all likelihood⑱， you will have to do this multiple⑲ times.But you can be prepared for developments and changes before you are thrown out of a career⑳.It is entirely your choice to learn, or to be forced to learn. [4]本句使用了“What if...？”句型，意为“如果……会怎样？/倘若……怎么办？”。 In short, if you want to succeed in a 21st century career, you will have to develop new essential㉑ skills.Lifetime security㉒ from one employer㉓ is no longer certain or even likely.The truth is that you are the boss of your career, and it is up to you to decide what you can do and how well you can do it.Are you ready for this？ 原文翻译 遇见新老板：你 一直到20世纪80年代，在很多国家人们往往继承父母的事业，参与家族生意，或选择与父母从事同一职业。你可能会像父亲一样出海、去农场、进车间，也可能会像妈妈一样进厨房、去缝纫室。在你祖父母的时代，人们的预期是从毕业到退休都做同样的工作。现在时代变了！如今大多数人不再想子承父业，甚至不愿长时间做同一份工作。 事实上，在同一个领域或同一行业工作一辈子的想法已经不现实了。其中一个原因是技术。你现在拥有的工作技能不太可能一直有用，也不足以支撑你的整个职业生涯。事实上，这些技能可能很快就会过时，然后你会做什么？努力地工作？中彩票？尽量往好处想？你可能会运气不错。这些做法可能会带来美好舒适的生活：从事一项自己喜欢的工作，挣着一份体面的薪水，退休时还年富力强。但是，今天我们大多数人都必须跳出“职业生涯”这个小框来看待问题。 如果你以为一天工作8个小时就可以成就一番事业，那么你得重新想想了。完成别人安排的任务，也许可以保住你的工作，但绝不是事业成功的秘诀。相反，你最好不断寻找更巧妙的工作方法。你需要成为一个冒险者、一个创新者、一个问题解决者，以及一个努力工作的人。持之以恒，这样有一天你才会成为某个行业的专家或专业人士。你有机会去选择成就一番事业，而不是让别人决定自己的去留。 如今，工作更换、职业更替的速度惊人。如果认为自己不会被软件所取代，或者自己的工作不可能外包给月球上的机器人，那就大错特错了。假如自己辛辛苦苦工作了十年的岗位消失了怎么办？你可能不得不重新回到教室，接受再培训，才能取得在其他领域工作的资格。事实上，你非常有可能要这样重复做很多次。但在被职业抛弃之前，你可以为未来的发展变化做好准备。选择主动学习还是被迫学习，这完全取决于你自己。 简而言之，如果你想在21世纪的职业生涯中取得成功，就必须培养新的必备技能。从同一个雇主那里获得终身保障已不再可能也不再可行。实际上，你才是自己职业生涯的老板，也只有你才能决定自己能做什么、能做多好。你准备好了吗？ Unit8 Literature 教材原文助读1 词汇积累 ①hunt for寻找，猎取 ②north­facing adj.面朝北的 ③at the top of 在……的顶部 ④unseen [ˌʌn'siːn] adj.未受注意的；未被看见的 ⑤pneumonia [njuː'məʊniə] n． 肺炎 ⑥icy ['aIsi] adj. 极冷的；被冰覆盖的 ⑦stare at 凝视，盯着……看 stare [steə] vi.凝视，盯着看 ⑧blank [blæk] adj. 空白的 n.(纸张上的)空白处，空格 ⑨blanket ['blækIt] n. 毯子，毛毯 ⑩aside [ə'saId] adv. 到旁边，在旁边 ⑪in an attempt to 试图，企图　 ⑫backwards ['bækwədz] adv. 往回，往前面；向后，朝后 ⑬ivy ['aIvi] n．常春藤 ⑭vine [vaIn] n．葡萄属植物；葡萄藤 ⑮nonsense ['nɒnsəns] n．胡说，废话；荒谬的想法(看法) ⑯make up one's mind下定决心 ⑰be tired of对……感到厌倦 ⑱sail [seIl]vi.& vt.(乘船)航行 ⑲fetch [fetʃ] vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来；(去)找来 ⑳long vi.渴望，盼望 ㉑slip away溜走，流逝 slip [slIp] vi.溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒 ㉒disbelief [ˌdIsbə'liːf] n. 不信，怀疑 ㉓go away走开，离开 ㉔look out向外看 ㉕curtain ['kɜːtn] n. 窗帘；门帘；帘子 ㉖hold on 坚持住，支撑着 ㉗crime [kraIm] n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动 ㉘even chances五成，机会均等 ㉙fellow ['feləʊ] n．男人；家伙 ㉚janitor ['dʒænItə] n. (学校或大楼的)看门人，门房，管理员 ㉛clothing ['kləʊðI] n. 服装，衣服 ㉜wet through湿透 ㉝inch [Intʃ] n. 英寸 读文清障 THE LAST LEAF Greenwich Village is a place where the art people came together, hunting for① apartments with north­facing② windows and low rents. At the top of③ a three­story building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. In November, a cold，unseen④ stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia⑤， arrived in Greenwich Village. [1]Mr Pneumonia placed his icy⑥ finger on Johnsy; and she lay, barely moving, in her bed staring at⑦ a blank⑧ wall under her blanket⑨. [1]本句是一个由and连接的并列句，并采用了拟人的修辞手法。第二个分句中“barely moving, ...under her blanket”是动词­ing形式作伴随状语。 The doctor took Sue aside⑩ and claimed, “She has one chance in—let us say, ten. And that chance is for her to want to live. Try to encourage her to think more hopeful thoughts, about the future, about living.” Sue took some paper and a pen into Johnsy's room and began a pen drawing, in an attempt to⑪ raise Johnsy's spirits. Johnsy's eyes were open, but they weren't watching her. Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards⑫：“Ten, nine, eight, seven ...” “What are you counting, dear？” asked Sue. “They're falling faster now，” replied Johnsy. “Three days ago there were almost a hundred. But now it's easy. There are only five left now. Five leaves on the ivy⑬ vine⑭. When the last one falls, I must go, too. Didn't the doctor tell you？” “Oh, I never heard of such nonsense⑮，” quickly replied Sue. But Johnsy's mind was made up⑯.“I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of⑰ waiting. I want to go sailing⑱ down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.” “Try to sleep，” said Sue. Then she went to fetch⑲ her neighbor, Mr Behrman, to be a model for her drawing. He was a failed painter. [2]In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed⑳ to paint.Sue told him about Johnsy's longing to slip away㉑ like the leaves. Behrman cried with disbelief㉒. “Are there people in the world that foolish to think they'll die because leaves drop off from a vine？This is not a place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick. Someday I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away㉓.” [2]本句是一个复合句，其中“he longed to paint”是省略了关系词的定语从句。 [3]Behrman and Sue looked out㉔ the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf. What's more, a cold rain was falling, mixed with snow. [3]本句是一个由and连接的并列句。第二个分句中that引导宾语从句。 The next morning, Johnsy woke and asked for the curtains㉕ to be opened. One leaf remained on the vine, bravely holding on㉖ in the wind and rain. “It will fall today. And I will die with it.” The following day, Johnsy asked again for the curtains to be opened. The leaf was still there! Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. “I've been a bad girl, Sue，” said Johnsy. “It is a crime㉗ to want to die.” Then she asked for some food. In the afternoon, the doctor visited, “Even chances㉘，” said the doctor, “with good nursing, you'll win. And now I must see a fellow㉙ downstairs, Behrman. Pneumonia, too. There is no hope for him.” The next day, Sue came to Johnsy's bed. “I have something to tell you，” she said. “Mr Behrman died today. He was ill for only two days.[4]The janitor㉚ found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.His shoes and clothing㉛ were wet through㉜ and icy cold. They couldn't imagine [5]where he had been on such a terrible night. And then they found a lantern, still lit, and some brushes, and—look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. [6]Didn't you wonder why it never moved an inch㉝ when the wind blew? Ah, dear, it's Behrman's masterpiece—he painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.” [4]本句使用了“find ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中lying in bed helplessly with pain作宾语him的补足语。 [5]此处是where引导的宾语从句，on such a terrible night是时间状语。 [6]本句是一个反问句，意为“难道你不……？”；其中，why引导宾语从句，when引导时间状语从句。 原文翻译 最后一片叶子 格林威治村是一个艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北且租金低廉的公寓。苏和约翰西的画室就在一座三层楼的顶楼。 十一月的时候，一个冷酷无情、肉眼看不见、医生称之为“肺炎”的不速之客，来到了格林威治村。“肺炎先生”把他冰冷的手指放在了约翰西身上，于是她躺在床上，几乎不动，盖着毯子，眼睛盯着一堵空墙。 医生把苏拉到一边，说：“她的病只有，这么说吧，只有一成希望，这一成希望在于她自己要不要活下去。试着鼓励她多想想有希望的事情、想想未来、想想活下去。” 苏拿了几张纸和一支钢笔来到约翰西的房间，开始画钢笔画，试着让约翰西打起精神来。约翰西的眼睛是睁着的，但并没有看苏。相反，她望向窗外，倒数着：“十、九、八、七……” “你在数什么啊，亲爱的？”苏问道。“它们现在掉落得更快了，”约翰西回答说。“三天前差不多还有一百来片。但现在数起来容易了，只剩下五片了。常春藤上有五片叶子。当最后一片掉落下来的时候，我就要离开人世了，难道医生没有跟你说吗？” “哦，我从未听过如此荒谬的话。”苏立刻答道。但是约翰西决心已定。“我想看着最后一片叶子掉落下来，我已经厌倦了等待。我想随风而逝，就像一片可怜的、疲倦的藤叶一样。” “试着睡一会儿吧，”苏说道。然后她去请她的邻居贝尔曼先生来做绘画模特。他是一个失败的画家。40年来，他从未创作出他所渴望的杰作。苏告诉他约翰西想要像树叶一样离去。贝尔曼难以置信地喊道：“世界上竟有如此愚蠢的人，认为他们会因为藤叶掉落而死亡？这不是一个像约翰西这样的小姐生病时该待的地方。总有一天我要画一幅杰作，然后我们就可以离开这里。” 贝尔曼和苏望着窗外的藤蔓，发现藤枝上只剩下最后一片叶子了。更糟糕的是，外面下起了冰冷的雨，还夹杂着雪。 第二天早上，约翰西醒来，要求打开窗帘。那一片叶子还留在藤枝上，在风雨中勇敢地支撑着。“它今天会掉落下来的，我也会和它一同死去。” 又过了一天，约翰西又要求打开窗帘。那片叶子还在那儿！ 约翰西躺在那里看了它很久。“我真是一个坏姑娘，苏，不想活下去是一种罪恶。”约翰西说，然后她要了些吃的。 下午，医生来了说道，“康复的希望有五成了，只要好好护理，你会胜利的。现在我得去楼下看另一个病人，贝尔曼先生，他也是肺炎。但没有希望了。” 又过了一天，苏来到约翰西的床前。“我有些话要告诉你。”她说，“贝尔曼先生今天去世了。他生病只有两天时间。昨天早晨，看门人发现他痛苦无助地躺在床上。他的鞋和衣服都湿透了，冰凉冰凉的。他们想不出，在那个凄风冷雨的夜里，他究竟到什么地方去了。后来，他们找到了一盏还亮着的灯笼，还有几支画刷——亲 爱的，看看窗外，墙上最后的那片叶子。难道你不觉得奇怪吗，为什么那片叶子在风中一动不动呢？啊，亲爱的，因为那是贝尔曼的杰作——那天晚上，最后的一片叶子掉落时，他在那里画了它。” 教材原文助读2 词汇积累 ①league [liːɡ] n．里格(旧时长度单位，约5 000米)；体育运动联合会，联赛； 联盟，同盟 ②violent ['vaIələnt] adj.强烈的；暴力的，强暴的 ③recollection [ˌrekə'lekʃən] n．想起，记起；记忆力；回忆 ④in desperation绝望地；不顾一切地 desperation [ˌdespə'reIʃən] n. 绝望；拼命，不顾一切 desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 ⑤sink [sIk] vi.& vt. 下沉，沉没 ⑥fill with充满，装满 ⑦so...as to 如此……以至于 ⑧ease [iːz] n．轻易，毫不费劲 with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 at ease舒适，快活；自由自在；不费力气；放心，轻松 ⑨grab [ɡræb] vt. 攫取，抓住 ⑩nevertheless [ˌnevəðə'les] adv. 然而，不过；尽管如此 ⑪preservation[ˌprezə'veIʃən] n. 维护；保护；保持，维持；保存 ⑫drown [draʊn] vi.& vt. (使)淹死，(使)溺毙 ⑬respond to对……作出回应 ⑭strike [straIk] vi. & vt. 打，击，撞；突然发生不幸 n．罢工；打击 strike...into one's heart使……刻骨铭心 be struck by...被……打动 ⑮chest [tʃest] n. 胸部，胸膛 ⑯unconscious [ʌn'kɒnʃəs] adj. 不省人事的，失去知觉的 ⑰wake up醒来 ⑱whale [weIl] n. 鲸 ⑲find out找到，发现 ⑳weapon ['wepən] n. 武器，兵器；凶器 ㉑bounce [baʊns] vi.& vt. (使)弹起，(使)反弹 ㉒steel [stiːl] n. 钢，钢铁 ㉓being ['biːI] n．生物(尤指人)；诞生；出现；存在 ㉔evidently ['evədəntli]adv. 明显地，显然 ㉕solid ['sɒlId] adj.固体的；坚硬的 ㉖polished ['pɒlIʃt] adj. 擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的 ㉗construction [kən'strʌkʃən] n．建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑 ㉘daybreak ['deIbreIk] n．黎明，破晓 ㉙utter ['ʌtə] vt. (尤指吃力地)发出(声音) 读文清障 20，000 LEAGUES① UNDER THE SEA [1]The crash was so violent② that I have no clear recollection③ of falling from the boat. Might I hope to be saved？The darkness was intense. I saw a black mass disappearing in the east. It was the boat! I was lost. [1]本句使用了“so...that...”句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，其中that引导结果状语从句。 “Help, help！” I shouted, swimming towards the boat in desperation④. I was sinking⑤！ I couldn't breathe! “Help！” My mouth filled with⑥ water; I struggled against being drawn deeper, deeper down. [2]Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea; and I heard these words：“If master would be so good as to⑦ hold onto my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease⑧.” I grabbed⑨ my faithful Conseil's arm with one hand. [2]本句是由and连接的并列句。第一个分句中“drawn up to the surface of the sea”是过去分词短语作宾语补足语；第二个分句中if引导条件状语从句。 “Is it you？” said I. “Myself，” answered Conseil. “That crash threw you as well as me into the sea？” “No; but, being in my master's service, I followed him.” Conseil was cool and calm. Nevertheless⑩， our situation was no less terrible. Near one o'clock in the morning, I suddenly felt terribly tired. Conseil had to keep me up, and our preservation⑪ depended on him alone. “Leave me! Leave me！” I said to him. “Never！” replied he. “I would drown⑫ first.” “Help! Help！” cried Conseil. It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. There was no mistake! A human voice responded to⑬ ours! [3]Then, I know not why, the thought of the strange, terrible animal came into my head for the first time! But that voice! I had almost no strength left; my fingers could hardly move; my mouth, opening and closing, filled with salt water. I became colder and colder. I raised my head for the last time, then I sank. At this moment a hard body struck⑭ me. I held onto it; then I felt that I was being drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water, that my chest⑮ collapsed—my eyes closed, unconscious⑯. I soon woke up⑰， and half opened my eyes. I saw a face which I immediately recognised. “Ned！” I cried. “The same, sir！” replied the Canadian. “Were you thrown into the sea when the boat crashed？” “Yes, Professor, but more fortunate than you, I was able to find safety almost immediately upon this island in the sea. Or, more correctly speaking, on this large whale⑱. [4]Only I soon found out⑲ why my weapon⑳ had not entered its skin, but bounced㉑ off.” “Why, Ned, why？” “Because that creature is made of steel㉒.” I moved myself quickly to the top of the being㉓， and kicked it. It was evidently㉔ a hard, solid㉕ body. The black back that supported me was smooth, polished㉖， nothing like an animal. The blow produced a sound of metal; and, incredible though it may be, it seemed as if it was made of metal plates. This monster was a human construction㉗. We were lying upon the back of a sort of underwater boat. I searched all over the outside for an opening, a hole, but found nothing. At last this long night passed. Daybreak㉘ appeared. Suddenly a noise came from inside the boat. One iron plate was moved, a man appeared, uttered㉙ an odd cry, and disappeared immediately. Some moments after, eight strong men, their faces covered, appeared noiselessly, and drew us down into their incredible machine. 原文翻译 海底两万里 撞击如此猛烈以至于我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。我可能有希望被救起吗？夜色沉黑，我看到一大块黑色的东西在东方渐渐消失了。那是我们的船！我被丢下了。 “救命啊，救命啊！”我大喊着，绝望地朝船游去。我在下沉！我喘不过气了！“救命啊！”海水灌进嘴里，我挣扎着不被淹没。突然，我感觉自己被快速地拉出海面，我听见有人说：“如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。”我用一只手抓住我的忠仆康塞尔的胳膊。 “是你吗？”我问。 “正是我。”康塞尔回答。 “你也和我一样因为刚才的撞击掉下来的？” “不是。但为了服侍主人，我就跟着下来了。” 康塞尔冷静又沉着。不过，我们的处境仍旧很糟糕。将近凌晨一点，我突然感到极度疲惫。康塞尔不得不托着我，保全我们两个人生命的重担全落在他一人身上。“放开我吧！别管我了！”我对他说。 “不行！要沉下去也是我先沉。”他答道。 “救命啊！救命啊！”康塞尔喊道。我似乎听到有人回应他。没错！是有个人在回应我们！然后，不知道为什么那个奇怪的、可怕的动物第一次出现在我的脑海中！可是那人声不假！我的力气已经消耗殆尽，手指变得僵硬；我的嘴一张一合，灌满了咸海水，我越来越冷。我最后一次抬起头来，之后便沉了下去。 就在这时，一个坚硬的东西撞了我一下。我紧紧地抓住了它；接着，我觉得有人往上拉我，把我拉出了水面，我的胸部不胀了——眼睛紧闭，失去了知觉。我很快就苏醒了过来，半睁开眼睛看到了一张脸，立马就认了出来。“奈德！”我喊道。 “正是我，先生！”加拿大人答道。 “你是船撞击时坠入海里的吗？” “是的，教授，但情形比您好一些，落水后不久就脱险了，遇到了海里的这个小岛。或者更准确地说，是在这条大鲸鱼身上。不过，我很快就明白了，为什么我的武器刺不穿它的皮肤，而是被弹开。” “为什么呢，奈德，究竟是为什么呢？” “因为这个生物是钢铁做的。”我迅速地爬到了它的上面，踢了一脚。显然，这是一个坚硬、结实的物体。在我脚下的黑色背脊精光溜滑，一点儿也不像动物。撞击时，这东西发出了金属的声音；虽然听起来不可思议，但它似乎是用铁板做成的。这个怪物是人造的。我们正躺在一只潜水艇的背上。我四处查找，试图找到开口、气孔，但什么也没有。终于，漫漫长夜过去了，天亮了。突然船内传来一阵响声，一块钢板被掀了起来，出来一个人。这人怪叫一声，立刻又消失不见了。过了一会儿，八个壮汉蒙着脸，一声不响地出现了，还把我们拖进了他们那不可思议的机器里。 Unit9 Human Biology 教材原文助读1 词汇积累 ①clone [kləʊn] vt.克隆，使无性繁殖 n．克隆动物或植物，无性繁殖的个体 ②artificially [ˌɑːtI'fIʃəli] adv.人为地，虚假地 ③generation n. [C]一代，一辈(通常认为大约30年) ④medium n. 介质，培养基，环境；媒介，方法 adj.中等的 ⑤identical [aI'dentIkəl] adj.完全相同的，非常相似的 ⑥twin [twIn] n．双胞胎中的一个 ⑦egg n. 鸡蛋；卵子，卵细胞 ⑧camel ['kæməl] n．骆驼 ⑨cattle ['kætl] n．牛 ⑩goat [ɡəʊt] n．山羊 ⑪forever [fər'evə] adv.永远；长久地 ⑫primate ['praImeIt] n.灵长目动物 ⑬comparison [kəm'pærəsən] n．比较 in comparison with与……相比；与……比较而言 ⑭reproductive [ˌriːprə'dʌktIv] adj.繁殖的，生殖的 non­reproductive非生殖性的 ⑮wholly ['həʊli] adv. 完全地 ⑯barrier ['bæriə] n．障碍，壁垒 ⑰edit ['edIt] vi.& vt. 编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接 ⑱breakthrough n．重大进展，突破 ⑲clue [kluː] n．线索，提示 ⑳accurate['ækjərət] adj.准确的，正确的 ㉑treatment ['triːtmənt] n. 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 treat vt.对待；处理；治疗；款待 ㉒provoke [prə'vəʊk] vt.激起，引起 ㉓emotion [I'məʊʃən] n. 强烈的情感，激情 emotional adj. 情感的，情绪的；有感染力的 ㉔crucial ['kruːʃəl] adj.至关重要的，关键性的 ㉕bound [baʊnd] adj.很有可能，肯定会 be bound to do一定要做 ㉖mere [mIə] adj.仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 ㉗abuse [ə'bjuːz] vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 [ə'bjuːs] n．滥用；虐待 ㉘blessing ['blesI] n.福气，幸运 a blessing in disguise 因祸得福 ㉙curse [kɜːs] n．祸因，祸根；诅咒，咒语 读文清障 TO CLONE OR NOT TO CLONE Cloning① is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially②. Natural cloning has been going on for generations③. For example, gardeners have been using a form of cloning when they take a cutting from a plant and place it in a suitable medium④， such as soil. Another example of natural cloning is identical⑤ twins⑥， who are produced from the same egg⑦. For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially. [1]The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996. At first, Dolly grew normally, but later she developed an illness that is more normally found in much older animals. [2]She lived for six and a half years, only half the life of the sheep from which she was cloned. After Dolly, scientists have cloned more than 20 mammal species, including camels⑧， cattle⑨， deer, dogs, goats⑩ and mice. However, they have found a similar pattern of health problems with these other species as well. This has led to questions such as, “Will this be a major issue for all cloned animals？” “Will it continue to happen forever⑪？”． [1]本句中named Dolly是过去分词短语作定语，修饰a sheep。 [2]本句为复合句，其中from which是由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。 In January 2018, the cloning of two long­tailed monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, was announced by Chinese scientists. They were the first­ever primates⑫ (the order of mammals which include apes, monkeys, and humans) to have been cloned! In comparison⑬ with other species, cloning primates has proved to be “much harder”， and doing so with non­reproductive⑭ cells was even more complicated. [3]Dr.Sun Qiang, director of the research team, said they had been wholly⑮ devoted to the research and had been taking care of more than 1，000 monkeys 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for more than 5 years.There had been a number of failures before they eventually found a way to successfully clone a monkey. The reason they worked so hard to break this technical barrier⑯ was to get animals with edited⑰ genes and produce animal models that are helpful for medical research and human health. [3]本句为复合句，句中director of the research team是Dr.Sun Qiang的同位语，said后为省略了连接词that的宾语从句。 The successful cloning of primates has led to worldwide praise as a huge breakthrough⑱ that might lead to cures for various diseases and may also offer clues⑲ on how to prevent the aging process. With this technology, we have the potential to raise a large number of monkeys with identical genes in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit research needs. [4]This could help save research time, reduce the number of animals required for testing, produce more accurate⑳ results, and lead to more effective treatments㉑. [4]本句为简单句，谓语由四个并列的动词短语构成。 Cloning, however, continues to be an issue that causes a great deal of disagreement and provokes㉒ strong emotions㉓. While some people believe it is crucial㉔ for scientific advancement, others raise moral concerns. They believe it is bound㉕ to lead to cloning of other species, and they worry about the ethical questions this raises. [5]For example, they wonder if clones should be treated as objects or as individuals with their own identity. Furthermore, clones may be viewed as mere㉖ copies of originals thus being seen as inferior. Finally, they worry that some organisations may abuse㉗ the technology for unethical purposes. [5]本句为复合句，句中if引导宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。 [6]So far, it is still unknown what will happen to Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua as they grow up. Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced. As Einstein said, “Science is a powerful instrument. [7]How it is used, whether it is a blessing㉘ or a curse㉙ to mankind, depends on mankind and not on the instrument. A knife is useful, but it can also kill.” [6]本句为复合句，句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是what引导的主语从句；as they grow up是as引导的时间状语从句。 [7]本句为复合句，How it is used与whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind是并列的主语从句。 原文翻译 克隆还是不克隆 克隆是通过自然或人为的方式，对植物或动物进行精确复制、培育的过程。自然克隆由来已久。例如，园丁们截取一段植物，放在合适的培养基(比如土壤)中，这就是一种克隆。自然克隆的另一个例子是同卵双胞胎，他们产自同一个卵子。 多年来，人们一直在尝试人工克隆动物。第一只成功克隆的动物是1996年的克隆羊多莉。起初，多莉发育正常，但后来它患上了一种疾病，这种疾病多见于更年老的动物。多莉活了六年半，寿命只有母体绵羊的一半。继多莉之后，科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物，包括骆驼、牛、鹿、狗、山羊和老鼠。然而，科学家们在这些克隆动物身上也发现了与多莉羊相似的健康问题。由此引发了一些疑问，如“这会是所有克隆动物的主要问题吗？”“这个问题会永远持续下去吗？”。 2018年1月，中国科学家宣布成功克隆两只长尾猴，中中和华华。它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长目动物(哺乳动物的一个类别，包括猿、猴子和人类)！与其他物种相比，克隆灵长目动物要“困难得多”，而使用非生殖细胞克隆则更为复杂。研究小组的负责人孙强博士说，他们全身心地投入到研究中，5年多来每周7天，每天24小时照看1 000多只猴子。历经多次失败，他们终于找到成功克隆猴子的方法。他们如此努力地想要突破这一技术壁垒的原因是获得经过基因编辑的动物，研制动物模型，为医学研究和人类健康提供帮助。 灵长目动物的成功克隆获得了全世界的赞誉，被认为是一项巨大的突破，可能会为治愈多种疾病并就如何延缓衰老提供线索。有了这项技术，我们就有可能在短时间内培育大量基因相同的猴子，甚至可以改变它们的基因，以适应研究需要。这有助于节省研究时间，减少实验所需动物的数量，使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。 但是，克隆仍是一个会引起很多争议、激起强烈情绪的问题。尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧。他们认为这项技术必将导致其他物种的克隆，担心由此会引发伦理问题。比如，他们想弄明白克隆体应该是被当作物体还是具有独特个性的个体。此外，克隆体可能只会被看作是母体的副本，因此被认为更低等。最后，他们担心某些组织可能会出于不道德的目的而滥用该技术。 到目前为止，我们仍不清楚中中和华华长大后会发生什么。研究人员坚持认为，克隆科学应得到进一步的探索与发展。正如爱因斯坦所言：“科学是一种强有力的工具。怎样使用它，它究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，这完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。刀子是有用的，但也能杀人。” 教材原文助读1 词汇积累 ①epidemic [ˌepə'demɪk] n．传染病，流行病 ②factor ['fæktə] n.因素，要素 ③virus ['vaɪərəs] n．病毒 ④bacteria [bæk'tɪəriə] n．细菌 ⑤officially [ə'fɪʃəli] adv.官方地，正式地 ⑥classify ['klæsɪfaɪ] vt.将……分类；把……归入一类 be classified as 被归类为…… ⑦rare [reə] adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的；稀少的；稀罕的 ⑧baseline['beɪslaɪn] n．(医学或科学中的)基线，准线 ⑨opposed [ə'pəʊzd] adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物 ⑩widespread ['waɪdspred] adj.分布广的，广泛流传的；普遍的；广泛的 ⑪millions of 数百万 ⑫classification[ˌklæsɪfɪ'keɪʃən] n. 归类，分类，分级 the classification of... ……的分类 ⑬parallel ['pærəlel]n.(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相似 adj.平行的 ⑭depressing [dɪ'presɪ] adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的；令人抑郁的 ⑮create a more positive future 创造一个美好的未来 ⑯global ['ɡləʊbl] adj.全球的，全世界的 ⑰tissue ['tɪʃuː] n．组织 ⑱sample ['sɑːmpəl] n．样本，样品vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查 ⑲adaptation[ˌædæp'teɪʃn] n．变化；变种；适应 ⑳estimate ['estəmət] vt.& n. 估计，估算；估价 ㉑up to 达到 ㉒visible ['vɪzəbəl] adj. 看得见的，可见的 ㉓symptom ['sɪmptəm]n. 症状；征兆，症候 ㉔get through度过，熬过(困难时期等) ㉕bury ['beri] vt. 埋葬，安葬；埋藏 ㉖as a result of 由于 ㉗Sb./Sth. be believed to do...＝It is believed that...人们认为/相信 ㉘pose [pəʊz] vt. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势，姿态 ㉙lung [lʌ] n. 肺 ㉚outbreak['aʊtbreɪk] n．(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 ㉛trial ['traɪəl] n．试验；审判，审理 ㉜result in导致 ㉝actual ['æktʃuəl] adj. 实际的，真实的 ㉞underline [ˌʌndə'laɪn] vt.强调，使突出； 在……之下划线 ㉟thorough ['θʌrə] adj. 彻底的，全面的，详尽的 ㊱systematic [ˌsɪstə'mætɪk] adj.系统化的，有条理的 ㊲come up with想出 ㊳globe [ɡləʊb] n．地球，世界；地球仪 读文清障 EPIDEMICS① EXPLAINED [1]An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.Epidemics have been happening for as long as there have been people living on Earth. [2]They can be caused by several different factors②， such as a virus③ being carried into an area, or changes in the way people live, like more people living in an area, which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a virus or bacteria④ . [1]本句中“given to an infectious disease”是过去分词短语作定语，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词disease。 [2]本句是一个复合句，其中“being carried into an area”作定语，修饰virus；people live是省略了引导词that/in which的定语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句。 Each disease can only officially⑤ be classified⑥ as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. The number of deaths is different for every disease. So a very rare⑦ disease will have a low baseline⑧ and just a few cases of it in one place will be classified as an epidemic; as opposed⑨ to more common diseases, such as the flu, that have a higher baseline. [3]The common cold is a widespread⑩ virus that affects millions of⑪ people, but it is not seen as being a serious enough condition to deserve the classification⑫ of epidemic. [3]本句是由连词but连接的并列句；在第一个分句中that引导定语从句；在第二个分句中不定式短语“to deserve the classification of epidemic”作补足语。 With recent press reports drawing parallels⑬ between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing⑭ history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future⑮ without epidemics. Since bird flu first appeared in 1997, it has taken more than a hundred lives. Many people fear it could be the next global⑯ epidemic, especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue⑰ samples⑱ from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation⑲ of that virus. One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE. [4]Scientists now estimate⑳ that up to㉑ 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.Then, in the 1330s, this epidemic returned, this time in Asia. It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death” because one visible㉒ symptom㉓ was black spots on the body. [4]本句是一个复合句，其中that引导宾语从句，作estimate的宾语；“making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire”是现在分词短语作结果状语。 Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, struck near the end of World WarⅠ.[5] Families who had only just got through㉔ the war now had to bury㉕ their loved ones who had died of the disease. As a result of㉖ the war, more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide. [6]Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been㉗ the most severe epidemic in history. More people died of the flu than died in the war. [7]Initially, many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed㉘ a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern. 原文翻译 流行病探因 流行病是指在短时间内(通常两周或更短)迅速在大量人群中传播的传染性疾病。自地球上有人类生活以来，流行病就一直存在。它们可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生活方式的改变，比如说某一地区居住的人群增多，从而增加了接触病毒或细菌的几率。 只有致死病例达到一定数量，某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。每种疾病的死亡数量各不相同。因此罕见疾病的基线很低，并且某一地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为流行病；与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。普通感冒由一种广泛传播的病毒引起，可感染数百万人，但它并没严重到可以被称为流行病。 最近有新闻报道将禽流感和过去致命的流行病作对比，吉姆·史密斯在回顾屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。 禽流感自1997年首次出现以来，已经夺去了一百多人的生命。科学家们仔细研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本，证明禽流感是该病毒的现代变异版本，许多人担心它可能会引起下一场全球流行病。 人类有记载的最早的流行病，大约发生在公元500年至550年之间。现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病，这使它成为罗马帝国衰落的主要原因之一。接着，14世纪30 年代，这一流行病又卷土重来，这次发生在亚洲。它迅速传播到欧洲，由于患者身上会出现明显的黑斑症状，这种流行病被称为“黑死病”。 几个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又称西班牙流感。刚刚熬过战争的人们当时不得不埋葬他们死于疾病的亲人。战争引发的人口流动前所未有，从而导致这一流行病蔓延到全世界。西班牙流感在18个月内 [5]本句是一个复合句，两个who分别引导两个定语从句，分别修饰先行词Families和ones。 [6]此处是现在分词短语作时间状语。 [7]本句是一个复合句，其中that引导宾语从句，until引导时间状语，when引导时间状语从句。 The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung㉙ disease in Guangdong Province. It spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003. SARS was examined by scientists, who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes. Infection rates went up steadily, and in the course of the outbreak㉚， about 8，000 people were infected over nine months. Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing trials㉛ on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks. [8]Then, from 2013 to 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa, which resulted in㉜ a major loss of life in a number of west African countries. 11，310 deaths were officially recorded, but the actual㉝ number of deaths is probably much higher. The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas, indicating that very few people got over it. [8]本句使用了there be句型；which引导非限制性定语从句。 Despite, or perhaps because of, the epidemics the world has faced in recent years, governments worldwide have underlined㉞ the fact that they want thorough㉟ and systematic㊱ medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with㊲ cures as soon as possible. Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe㊳ can save lives.,造成5 000万人死亡，被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。死于该病的人比死于战争的人还要多。最初，人们以为这种大规模流行病不会再对人类构成威胁，直至非典再次让全球陷入担忧。 非典疫情始于2002年广东省的一例肺部疾病。而后蔓延到加拿大、越南和新加坡，并一直持续到2003年。科学家对这种新型疾病感到困惑，对SARS病毒进行检测，以期了解该病与致病原因的更多信息。非典的感染率不断上升，在爆发期九个月内感染了约8 000人。非典疫情结束后，科学家们一直在试验各种治疗手段，以防止未来疫情再爆发。 随后，2013年到2016年间，西非爆发了大规模传染病——埃博拉出血热(EVD)，夺去了这一地区多个国家的很多人的生命。官方统计的死亡人数为11 310 人，而实际死亡人数可能要更高。该病毒传染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至30%，也就是说很少有人能康复。 尽管或者是因为近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统的医学研究，以便尽快找出原因并找到治疗方法。这需要各个国家的共同努力，因为全球各国之间的团队合作才能拯救生命。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$