2025年中考英语二轮语法复习课件：专题十二主谓一致与there be句型

专题十二　主谓一致与there be句型 脉络构建·知重点 语法研析·速通关 考点一　主谓一致 　　“主谓一致”常会结合时态和语态来考查。因此,解答此类试题时,考生首先应该找出题干的“主语”,确定其单复数;然后结合“语法一致”“意义一致”和“就近一致”三个原则来进行选择;最后,根据所给句子的时态和语态确定最终答案。 A)语法一致(单则单、复则复) 主语成分 谓语 例　句 人称代词主格(第一、三人称单数)、不可数名词或单个人名 单数 She is an honest girl.她是一个诚实的女孩。 Lily is a good student and we all like her. 莉莉是一个好学生,我们都喜欢她。 主语成分 谓语 例　句 动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 To learn English well isn’t easy.学好英语不容易。 Reading is learning.读书就是学习。 What he said is very important to us all. 他所说的话对我们所有人都非常重要。 one of/the number of+名词复数 单数 The number of students in our class is 32. 我们班的学生人数为32。 主语成分 谓语 例　句 a number of+名词复数 复数 A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。 人称代词主格(第二人称;第一、三人称复数) 复数 You are so clever.你真是太聪明了。 We are really happy today.今天我们很高兴。 They are all interested in football. 他们都对足球感兴趣。 and或both...and...连接名词 复数 Both Peter and Mike come from England. 彼得和迈克都来自英格兰。 主语成分 谓语 例　句 主语后有with,along with,like,except,besides,but,including, together with,as well as等连接的名词或代词时 取决于 主语 A teacher,together with some students, is standing at the gate. 一名老师还有一些学生正站在大门口。 A lot of water is polluted by the factory. 大量的水被那个工厂污染了。 a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of+名词 Two thirds of the work has been finished. 三分之二的工作已经被完成。 分数或百分数+名词 B)意义一致 主语成分 谓语 例　句 集体名词(如family/class/team/group/ public/audience等) 取决于主语意义 His family isn’t large.他的家并不大。 His family are fond of watching sports programs.他的家人都喜欢看体育节目。 集合名词(如people/police等) 复数 The police are searching for the murderer.警察们正在搜寻那个杀人犯。 the+姓氏名词复数,表示“……一家”或“……夫妇” 复数 The Blacks enjoy working in China. 布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。 主语成分 谓语 例　句 the+某些形容词,表示一类人 复数 The young are energetic.年轻人有活力。 and连接并列主语,表示同一个人或物时(即and后面无冠词) 单数 A famous writer and teacher is going to have a speech in our school.一位著名的作家兼老师将在我们学校举行一次演讲。 表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语 单数 Two pounds isn’t so heavy. 两磅不怎么重。 Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个很长的假期。 C)就近一致 主语成分和谓语 例　句 由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词和距离较近的主语在数上保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong. 你和他都没有错。 there be...和here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致 There is an orange and two apples on the plate. 盘子里有一个橙子和两个苹果。 【先悟后练】 1.Not only Jim but also his sister ___________(visit) a few cities since they came to China.  2.—Lucy, the Dragon Boat Festival is coming. I want to learn how to make zongzi. —OK. If my grandma ___(be) free tomorrow, she will teach us. 3.Xu Mengtao won the 2022 Touching China award. Never giving up ___(be) the key to her success. 4.The students ____________(teach) how to do eye exercises just now.  5.“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ____(be) prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping. has visited is is were taught are 6.(2024·哈尔滨三模)The number of volunteers in our school, including some teachers, _____________(increase) in the past few years.  7.(2024·沧州三模)Father once told me water ____(have) three forms: solid, liquid and gas. 8.Linda ________(review) her notes before doing homework every day. 9.(2024·广元二模)The writer and speaker _________(give) a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now.  10.(2024·自贡二模)The number of the whales ___(be) much smaller because of human activities now. has increased has reviews is giving is 11.(2024·南京三模)Once a term, there ___(be) a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school. 12.Linda with her parents ______(go) to Jingyue Park every week, and all of them feel very happy. 13.(2024·平凉一模)Not only I but also she ______(like) hanging out in the shopping mall. 14.(2024·天水二模)I plan to travel to Shanghai next month, and I think 3, 000 yuan ___(be) enough. is goes likes is 15.(2024·呼伦贝尔一模)Li Lei as well as his classmates __________(play) basketball happily at the moment.  16.My brother ______(play) football every day after school. He has become very good at it. 17.Nowadays, two thirds of the old people in my hometown _____(be) used to going for a walk after supper. 18.(2024·天津二模)It was seven o’clock in the morning, and my family _______________(have) breakfast in the living room.  19.—How much ____ the trousers? —Twenty dollars ___ enough.(be) is playing plays are were(be) having are is 20.—It is said that the number of people who the car accidents have killed ___(be) more than three hundred all across China in the past three months. —So everyone should know more about the traffic rules. 21.—History as well as politics ____________(become) more and more important in middle school.   —We should pay more attention to them. 22.The president, together with the other teachers ___(be) going to attend a meeting about the environment. is is becoming is 23.—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school? —In our school, three fourths of the teachers _____(be) women teachers. 24.—The number of workers in this factory ___(be) over 200. —Some of them are women workers. 25.Not only grandpa but also all of us _____(be)looking forward to meeting my uncle. are is are 考点二　there be句型 　　对there be句型的考查虽然较少,但在单选、完形、词汇题中都有涉及,且主要集中在“there be句型的一般将来时形式”和“there be句型与主谓一致的混合”两点上。对此,考生在复习的过程中应重点把握以下内容: 1.基本结构:there be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间,表示“在某地/某时有某物”。 [注意] there be与have的区别 2.如何判断be动词的数? 看名词 There is a book on the desk.(可数名词单数)  There is some water in the bottle.(不可数名词)  There are some pictures on the wall.(可数名词复数)  There is a desk and fifty-five chairs here.(并列主语,“就近”原则)  There are fifty-five chairs and a desk here.(并列主语,“就近”原则)  3.there be句型的不同句式: ①否定句:be动词后加not,no。 例如:There isn’t any water in the bottle. There is no water in the bottle. ②一般疑问句:be动词提到句首,some变any,其他都不变。 例如:There are some flowers in the garden. →Are there any flowers in the garden? 4.there be句型不同时态或形式的变化: ①一般将来时:There will be或There is/are going to be... 例如:There will/is going to be a new film on Monday. ②一般过去时:There was/were(used to be)... 例如:There used to be several houses behind the two buildings. There was a sports meeting yesterday. ③现在完成时:There have/has been... 例如:There have been a lot of accidents around here. ④含情态动词:There+情态动词+be... 例如:There must be a mistake somewhere. 拓展 there be+sb./sth.+doing sth.意为“有某人/某物正在做某事”。doing在句中表示sb.或sth.正在发出的动作,作定语。 【先悟后练】 1.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨三模)—What are you going to do tomorrow afternoon? —There _____________(be) a wonderful movie and I would like to watch it with my friends.  2.(2024·广元三模)—There _____________(be) a new film this weekend.   —Why not invite your friends to see it? 3.(2024·河池二模)There _____________(be) a football match in our school next Monday.  is going to be is going to be is going to be 4.(2024·衡水二模)—Traffic in Changsha is not so crowded as it used to be when I came here five years ago. —Yes. There ___________(be) three subway lines in use so far.  5.(2024·平凉一模)In our school library there ____ a number of books on science and the number of them ___ growing larger and larger.(be) 6.(2024·长春中考)—There _____(be) many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best? —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan. have been are is are 7.(2024·绥化中考)Look! There ___(be) some information about traffic rules in this book. 8.(2023·西藏中考)There ___(be) a clear lake in my city. 9.There ____(be) many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily. 10.There _______(be) a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend.  11.(2023·宿迁中考)—There _____(be) a lot of new magazines in our school reading room. —Oh, really? Shall we go there this afternoon? is is are will be are 12.There ____(be) some beautiful flowers on the teacher’s desk now. 13.(2024·成都三模)There ___________(be) great changes in my hometown in the last few years.  14.(2024·长春二模)—Sam, what are you doing here? —There ___(be) something wrong with my bike. I am here to have it mended. 15.(2024·广元二模)—Hey, John! How much information do you know about the English club activities next week? —There _________________(be) a singing competition and an English book fair.  are have been is will/is going to be Ⅰ.根据语境,用所给词的适当形式填空 1.—It’s a pity that neither my teachers nor parents _______(allow) me to swim alone. —After all, you are too young, safety first. 2.Mom,these _____(be) my good friends, Mike and Bob. 3.—Which do you like better, rock or folk music? —Rock, of course. It’s rather exciting. Not only I but also my brother _____(like) it.  4.There ____ fifty students in this class,and three fifths of them are boys, so the number of the boys ___thirty.(be)  5.Nobody except the twins _________(be) to Hong Kong before.  6.Five years ___________(pass) since we met last time.  语法巩固·提升练 allow are likes are is has been has passed Ⅱ.根据中文意思,补全英语译文(每空限填一词,缩写算一词) 1.众所周知,和他人一起吃饭的时候使用公筷是很有必要的。 As we all know, ______ public chopsticks ___ very necessary when we eat with others. 2.三年的时间已经过去了,我们在初中交到了很多朋友。 Three years ____ _______ and we’ve made so many friends in our junior high school. 3.汤姆经常和他的朋友们一起去敬老院使老人们高兴起来。 Tom, together with his friends, often _____ ___ the old people’s home to cheer the old up. using is has passed goes to 4.《西游记》很有趣。我爸爸和我妹妹都很喜欢这本书。 Journey to the West is interesting. ______ my father and my sister _____ the book very much. 5.暴风雨来临时,莉莉和她的妹妹都不在户外。 ________ Lily _____ her sister _____ outdoors when the rainstorm came. 6.我们都知道世界上最受欢迎的运动之一是足球。 We all know that one of the world’s most popular _______ ___ football. 7.看!桌子上有一副眼镜和两本书。 Look! _______ ___ a pair of glasses and two books on the table. Both like Neither nor was sports is There is 8.每个人的生活中都有成功和失败。我们应该以平常心来对待它们。 _______ ___ success and failure in everyone’s life. We should treat them with a peaceful heart. 9.我的寄宿家庭很好。他们尽最大努力使我感到宾至如归。 My host family ___ _______nice. They try their best to make me feel at home. 10.警方正在帮那个小女孩寻找她的妈妈。 The police ____ ________the little girl look for her mother. 11.不仅我的父母,还有我都很期待见到我的叔叔。 Not only my parents but also I ____ ________forward to meeting my uncle. There is is really are helping am looking 12.吉姆和他堂兄只有一个可以这周末去看电影。有一个要留在家照顾他们的奶奶。 Either Jim or his cousin ___ going to the movies this weekend. One of them ____ to stay at home to look after their grandmother. 13.对古人来说,一千千米是一段相当远的路程,但是现在我们坐飞机只需要一个小时 左右。 One thousand ___________ ___ quite a long way for the ancients,but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air. 14.上课的时候除了汤姆和琳达,每个人都在教室。 Everyone except Tom and Linda _____ ______when the class began. is has kilometers is was there 15.看!朱丽亚和她的妹妹们正在操场上放风筝。 Look! Julia as well as her sisters ___ _______a kite on the playground. 16.我们学校五分之三的老师是女老师。 Three fifths of the teachers in our school ____ ________ _________. 17.年轻人不管在哪里都是充满活力的。 The young ____ always __________no matter where they are.  is flying are women teachers are energetic $$