2025年中考英语二轮语法复习课件：专题四数词

专题四　数　词 脉络构建·知重点 语法研析·速通关 考点一　基数词与序数词的拼写及转换 100及以上基数词表达 1—10 11—19 20—29 30—90(整十) 100 ↓ a/one hundred(一百) 1,000 ↓ a/one thousand(一千) 1,000,000 ↓ a/one million(一百万) 1,000,000,000 ↓ a/one billion(十亿) one→first eleven→eleventh twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth two→second twelve→twelfth twenty-one→~-first forty→fortieth three→third thirteen→~th twenty-two→~-second fifty→fiftieth four→fourth fourteen→~th twenty-three→~-third sixty→sixtieth five→fifth fifteen→~th Twenty-four→~-fourth seventy→seventieth six→sixth sixteen→~th twenty-five→ ~-fifth eighty→eightieth seven→seventh seventeen→~th twenty-six→~-sixth ninety→ninetieth eight→eighth eighteen→~th twenty-seven→~-seventh - nine→ninth nineteen→~th twenty-eight→~-eighth - ten→tenth - twenty-nine→~-ninth - 巧学妙记 　　一、二、三特殊记,词尾各是t,d,d; 　　八去t,九去e,ve变f,再加th; 　　整十基变序,y变ie再加th; 　　若遇几十几,只变个位就可以。 拓展 1.21到100之间的非整十数词,要在十位和个位之间加连字符“-”,读法:先说“几十”再说“几”。例如: 26—twenty-six,31—thirty-one, 95—ninety-five 2.百位以上的数词,在百位和十位之间加and,读法:先说“几百”再加“and”,再加末两位数或末位数。例如: 102—one hundred and two 234—two hundred and thirty-four 3.英语中的数词每三位数是一个单位,从个位向前,每三位加一个“,”,第一个“,”前是thousand(千),第二个“,”前是million(百万),读法:只在百位之后加“and”,而千位、万位以上的数后面不加,只按顺序读。例如: 1,324—one thousand three hundred and twenty-four 55,342—fifty-five thousand three hundred and forty-two 4,864,339—four million eight hundred and sixty-four thousand three hundred and thirty-nine 4.序数词前常加定冠词the,以下情况不用the或省略the: (1)表示“又一,再一”时。例如: You’d better try a second time. 你最好再试一次。 (2)序数词前有形容词性物主代词时。例如: This is my tenth birthday. 这是我的第10个生日。 【先悟后练】 1.—Would you like another cup of tea, Linda? —Thank you anyway. I’ve already had one cup, and I’m drinking the ________(two) cup. 2.—I like the number “9” best, because I think it stands for “long lasting”. —Me, too. So I choose the _______(nine) floor to live on. 3.My mom gave this computer as my _______________(fourteen) birthday present. 4.Mary has moved out since her __________(twenty) birthday. 5.I gave my lovely son a comic book as his ________(seven) birthday present. second ninth fourteenth/14th twentieth seventh 6.You can find this beautiful picture on the ________(twelve) page of this book. 7.There are thirty floors in this building and I live on the ______________(twnety-two) floor. 8.—Do you know that China has its _____(one) national breakdancing(霹雳舞) team? —Yes. For the new team, several important competitions are waiting for it in the future. twelfth twenty-second first 考点二　数词的常见用法 用　法 示　例 句 法 功 能 主语 It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数字。 宾语 It is worth three hundred yuan.它值300元。 定语 There are only three boys in the classroom.教室里只有三个 男孩。 April is the fourth month of a year.四月是一年的第四个月。 用　法 示　例 表 示 分 数 一般情况下,分子是基数词;分母是序数词。当分子大于一时,分母用复数形式 1/2读作:one half,a half;1/4读作:one fourth或one/a quarter; 3读作:three and two fifths 用　法 示　例 时 刻 表 示 法 在表示时刻时,都用基数词。分以下情况: 1.表整点 2.半小时以内(包括半小时) 3.超过半小时(到下一个钟点) 4.一刻(15分钟)常用a quarter表示 [注意]半小时以内的表达用介词past,表达 “几点过几分”之意;超过半小时要用介词to,表示“到下一钟点还有几分”(即“几点差几分”) 12:00 twelve o’clock 11:30 eleven thirty(钟点+分钟) half past eleven(分钟+past+钟点) 1:58 one fifty-eight(钟点+分钟) two to two(分钟+to+下一个钟点) 6:45 a quarter to seven(七点差一刻) 用　法 示　例 年、月、日 表示法 通常英式英语表达顺序为“日,月,年”,而美式英语表达为“月,日,年”。一般“年份”用基数词 (可简写),“日期”用序数词,读时前面加定冠词the in 1998在1998年 on May 5th,2015 在2015年5月5日 [注意]在使用年、月、日表示法时,要特别注意介词的搭配。其基本原则是:有“日”用“on”,否则用“in” 用　法 示　例 计量 表示法 “基数词+度量单位+形容词(long/wide/deep/high...)” The Yangtze River is over 6,300 kilometers long. 长江长6 300多千米。 Qomolangma is 8,848.86 meters high. 珠穆朗玛峰高8 848.86米。 用　法 示　例 其 他 “基数词+连字符”(=形容词)作定语,其后名词用单数形式; “ another+基数词+名词复数=基数词+more+名词复数”,表示在一定基础上增加一定的数量 a five-year plan一个五年计划 a ten-minute walk=ten minutes’ walk 步行10分钟的路程 We need another two chairs.= We need two more chairs. 我们还需要两把椅子。 用　法 示　例 表 示 年 龄 用基数词直接表示 She is 16 (years old).她16岁。 Mr Steven is sixty(years old) this year.史蒂文先生今年60岁了。 拓展:“一个8岁的男孩”的多种表达:an eight-year-old boy,a boy of eight,a boy who is eight,a boy who is eight years old,a boy aged eight 用　法 示　例 表 示 编 号 小序号可使用基数词或序数词来表达: ①名词(前无冠词,且大写首字母)+基数词; ②the+序数词+名词 Chapter Fifteen(=the fifteenth chapter) 第十五章;Lesson Eight(=the eighth lesson)第八课;Page 20(=the twentieth page) 第二十页 大序号通常只用“名词+数词”来表达 Room 202　202 房间　Bus 112　112路公交车 [注意] 1.表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。例如: July 5th,1989　1989年7月5日(读为July the fifth,nineteen,eighty-nine) August 1st,2005　2005年8月1日(读为August the first,two thousand and five) 2.表示年代时,在表示年份的阿拉伯数字后面加-s或’s。例如: 1730’s/1730s/the seventeen thirties 18世纪30年代 1960’s/1960s/the nineteen sixties 20世纪60年代 the late nineties 90年代末期 the early eighties 80年代初期 the mid 1960’s/1960s/the mid nineteen sixties 20世纪60年代中期 3.表示某人约几十岁时,在表示十位数的基数词的后面加-s。例如: Tom went to New York in his twenties. 汤姆在二十多岁时去了纽约。 【先悟后练】 1.Many people like to shop online because of the lower price. According to the information in the form, Hatti can save _____yuan if she buys all the things below on the website. Things to buy Price in the store Price online A pair of sports shoes 900 yuan (20% off) 40% off A pen bag 50 yuan (10% off) 20% off A 20-yuan voucher (代金券) online 205 2.Bob is going to be an elder brother. His parents are planning to have their ________(two) child. 3.—Shall we go to see The Wandering Earth Ⅱ tonight? —I have seen it twice but I don’t mind seeing it a ______(three) time. 4.The river is ____________________(2.5米) deep. It is dangerous for young kids to play or swim in it.  5.I failed the first jump in the competition and the coach let me have a _______(two) try. second third two and a half meters second 6.About ___________(五分之三) of the students in our class took part in the sports meeting last week. That means more than half of the students joined in the sports meeting.  7.Tan Dun, a composer, won an Oscar for his music in his _______(forty). three fifths forties 考点三　概数词 A)表示确切的数字 当表示确切概念时,hundred,thousand,million等词与具体的数字one,two...连用, 要用单数形式。例如: five hundred people 500人 two thousand books 2 000本书 B)表示不确切的数字 当表示不确切概念时,hundred,thousand,million等词与of连用,要用复数形式,但前面不能再加具体的数字。例如: hundreds of people 成百上千的人 thousands of factories成千上万家工厂 因此,解答概数词类试题时,考生应熟练掌握“hundred(百)、thousand(千)、million(百万)、billion(十亿)”四个词的拼写,并在此基础上重点查看题干空前是否有“基数词/修饰词”,空后是否有介词“of”,根据以上两个考查角度做出选择。 【先悟后练】 1._____________(数以千计的) visitors came to visit Hong Ya Cave, Chongqing on May Day last year.  2.—People in our town planted ____________(数以百计的) trees on Tree Planting Day.   —Good job! Everyone can do something to make our town greener. 3.My grandfather’s home is about ____________(数以百计的) kilometers from our home.  Thousands of hundreds of hundreds of Ⅰ.根据汉语提示填空 1.This is my _____(第五)time to come to the Great Wall and every time I feel different. 2.We are celebrating my sister’s _______(第八个) birthday in Red Star Hotel. 3.In the twelve Chinese animal signs, the Tiger is the ______(第三) in order. 4._______(三十) minutes after she left, it started to snow heavily. 5.This nature reserve is home to more than eight _________(百) kinds of animals and plants. 语法巩固·提升练 fifth eighth third Thirty hundred Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.(2024·遂宁中考)Tomorrow is Linda’s _______(nine) birthday. Let’s buy some gifts for her. 2.(2024·黑龙江中考)Three ______(five) of the students in our class like playing basketball. 3.(2024·临夏中考)May is the ______(five) month of the year. 4.Tony doesn’t like sports and he does exercise only _____(one) a week. 5.Our home is the ______(three) from the end on the left. 6.—How often do you go to the movies? —About _____ (one) a month. ninth fifths fifth once third once 7.(2023·淮安中考)There are only 5 people waiting in front of me. I’m the ______(six). 8.(2023·遂宁中考)I don’t know him well. I’ve only met him ______(two). 9.(2023·兰州中考)This piece of music is so beautiful that I’d like to listen to it a _______(two) time. 10.Harbin is a beautiful city. So ________(million) of people come here to enjoy snow every winter. 11.Two _______(three) of the students like his songs. 12.(2023·达州中考)A research shows that three ______(five) of the students like going hiking on weekends. sixth twice second millions thirds fifths 13.(2022·南京中考)The Eiffel Tower, a cultural icon of France, was completed at the end of the _______________(nineteen) century. 14.It was my ______(five) time to visit the beautiful TangYue Village (塘约村) in Pingba county. 15.Lisa got the ________(two) place in the Chinese Kung fu competition. 16.Lily is reading the ______(six) story in the book about Chinese history. 17.The old man started to learn how to surf the Internet in his ________(eighty). 18.Beijing, the capital of China, is world’s _____(one) city to host Olympic Games twice. nineteenth/19th fifth second sixth eighties first 19.The Three Gorges Dam produces electricity for _________(million) of people in China. 20.(2024·上海嘉定·一模)Take the ________(two) turning on your left, you will find the market on your right. 21.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)We will celebrate our mom’s ________(fifty) birthday on the backyard this evening. millions second fiftieth Ⅲ.根据中文意思,补全英语译文 1.他已经入党20年了。 He has been in the Party for _______ ______. 2.在你作出最终的决定之前,请三思。 Please ______ ______ before you make a final decision. 3.我们将在10月1日举行聚会庆祝祖国的生日。 We’ll have a party to celebrate our motherland’s birthday ____ _________ ____. 4.地球上近四分之三的表面被水覆盖着。 Nearly ______ _________ of the earth’s surface is covered by water. twenty years think twice on October 1st three quarters $$