2025年中考英语二轮语法复习课件：专题七形容词与副词课件

专题七　形容词与副词 脉络构建·知重点 语法研析·速通关 考点一　形容词 概念 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫作形容词 作用 作定语 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. 你能在花园里见到许多美丽的花朵。 作表语 Your coat is too small. 你的外套太小了。 作宾语 补足语 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy. 那位年老的妇女保持一切东西干净整洁。 ◆形容词的位置 形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况中后置: 用　法 示　例 修饰用some-,any-,every-,no-和-body,-thing,-one等构成的复合不定代词时后置 nobody absent everything possible 以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available the only solution possible 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词后置 a bridge of 50 meters long 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with else修饰疑问词和不定代词时后置 what else,something else [注意] 1.有些形容词只能作定语。 如:little(小的),only(唯一的),wooden(木质的),elder(年长的),woolen(羊毛质的)等及复合形容词man-made(人造的),kind-hearted(好心的),English-speaking(说英语的),take-away(可以带走的)等。 2.有些形容词只能作表语。 如:alone(孤独的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒着的),alive(活着的),well(健康的),ill(病的),frightened(害怕的)等。 3.有些形容词貌似副词。 如:friendly(友好的),lively(生动的),lonely(孤独的)等。 4.有些形容词与定冠词the连用,表示一类人或物。 如:We should respect the old and love the young. 我们应该尊老爱幼。 It’s not polite to laugh at the blind or the deaf. 取笑盲人或聋人是不礼貌的。 5.多个形容词作定语时,通常按“外观(评价)→大小(长短、高低、形状等) →年龄/新旧→颜色→国籍(地区、出处等)→材料”的顺序排列。 如:a beautiful tall building 一栋漂亮而高大的建筑物 a large yellow Chinese coat 一件黄色的中式大衣 【先悟后练】 1.—Jim and I share ________(相似的) tastes and hobbies. —No wonder you take part in lots of meaningful social activities together. 2.—Lisa, would you like to come to my birthday party next Saturday? —I’d love to, but I’m not __________(空闲的). I’m busy preparing for the test. 3.The road is very ___________(危险的) after the heavy rain. Drivers are warned to drive carefully to avoid accidents. 4.It makes me feel ________(兴奋的) to watch National Women’s Volleyball Team’s matches. similar available dangerous excited 5.An ________________(18岁的) boy, Li Wen, works hard and gets good grades in his final exam. 6.I like playing tennis. I think nothing is more __________(有乐趣的) than playing tennis. 7.“We made our dreams come true through ______(辛苦的) work,” Chinese astronaut Liu Yang shared her stories on China’s Space Day. 8.(2023·十堰中考)—As far as I know, the high-speed railway from Shiyan to Xi’an will be finished soon. —Yeah. It will be more ___________(便利的) for us to travel to Xi’an. eighteen-year-old enjoyable hard convenient 9.We should eat ______(新鲜的) fruit and vegetables to keep healthy. 10.A new study shows that sunshine can make men feel ________(饥饿的). They will eat more food after receiving UVB rays (紫外线) from the sun. 11.Teenagers should spend as ______(less) time as possible on electronic products to protect their eyes and necks. fresh hungry little 考点二　副词 A)副词的构成 用　法 示　例 与形容词同形 early 早(期)地;hard 努力地;late 迟,晚;high 高高地 形容词后直接加-ly quick→quickly 迅速地 slow→slowly 缓慢地 careful→carefully 细心地 beautiful→beautifully 漂亮地 以y结尾的形容词,把y改为i,再加-ly lucky→luckily 幸运地 easy→easily 容易地 happy→happily 快乐地 busy→busily 忙碌地 用　法 示　例 元音字母加e结尾的形容词,去掉e,再加-ly true→truly 真实地 以le结尾的形容词,去掉e,再加-y possible→possibly 可能地 comfortable→comfortably 舒服地 其他形式的副词 often 经常;too 太;very 非常 B)副词的句法功能 成分 用　法 例　句 作 状 语 修饰动词 He works very hard on his subject. 他努力攻克自己的课题。 修饰形容词 It’s quite impossible for her to do it.她不可能做这件事。 修饰其他副词 She speaks English very beautifully.她英语说得很好。 修饰整个句子 Luckily,she had got another chance.很幸运,她得到了另一个机会。 作 表 语 主要指主语的方向、方位、动作情况 The light is on.灯亮着。 When will you be back? 你将何时回来? 成分 用　法 例　句 作 定 语 表示时间或地点的副词,可以作定语,一般要后置 The building there looks very grand. 那儿的那座楼房看起来很壮观。 The comrades here are all very kind to me. 这儿的同志对我都非常友善。 作 补 语 主要说明宾语或主语所处的位置、状态 Did you see anybody in? 你看到里面有人吗? Children should be kept away from the river. 不要让孩子们靠近这条河。 C)副词的位置及顺序 说　明 例　句 几个不同副词并列作状语时,其顺序比较灵活,在句末一般顺序为:方式副词→地点副词→时间副词 I’ve seen him somewhere before. 我以前在哪儿见过他。 说　明 例　句 频度副词(always,often,never等)常放在实义动词之前,be动词、助动词、情态动词之后 I have never seen a man more hard-working than him.我从未见过比他更勤奋的人。 修饰整个句子的副词常常位于句首 Fortunately,the rain stopped before we started. 幸运的是,在我们动身前雨停了。 副词修饰动词时,常位于不及物动词之后、及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语之后 The nurse looks after the babies carefully. 护士仔细照看婴儿。 副词修饰形容词或副词时,通常放在形容词或副词的前面 These flowers are quite beautiful. 这些花很漂亮。 时间副词和地点副词:小在前,大在后 I go to work at seven o’clock in the morning every day.我每天早上7点去上班。 【先悟后练】 1.Science and technology are developing ________(快速地) in our country. 2.Traditional Chinese medicine works _____(好地). More and more people believe it. 3.UNICEF helps build a better world for everyone, __________(尤其) children all over the world. 4.Teamwork doesn’t happen __________(自然地) in the workplace or school. It needs training. 5.The teacher speaks _______(慢慢地) and carefully so that we can understand her better. quickly well especially naturally slowly 6.(2024·凉山中考)It was late. She opened the door _______(轻轻地) because she didn’t want to wake up her parents. 7.—Has Bob arrived yet? —No, he’s on his way. He’ll be here ______(不久,很快). 8.(2023·东营中考)Short-form videos can ______(容易地) catch people’s eyes. That’s one reason why lots of people spend hours on Douyin. 9.—Lucy, I’m poor in English.Could you give me some advice? —You can speak it as _______(多地) as possible. quietly soon easily much 10.—Would you like some coffee? —No, thanks.I ________(hard) drink it.I think water is the best. 11.There was a storm yesterday. _________(lucky), most of the flowers in my garden are still alive. 12.Choose how you spend your spare time and with whom you spend it as _______(wise) as possible. hardly Luckily wisely 考点三　比较等级 在做比较等级的题时,要遵循以下步骤: 1.读懂句意,明确空格处所缺内容的词义,熟悉题干语境; 2.分析句子结构,寻找题干是否有比较等级的标志词(如:than/in/of...)或固定结构(如:one of...,as...as...等),确定使用比较级还是最高级; 3.对于不规则变化的形容词或副词,根据所学知识慎重选择。 A)比较等级的变化规则 ◆规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音 节词 和少 数双 音节词 直接加-er,-est young younger youngest 以不发音的e结尾的加-r,-st nice nicer nicest 以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这一辅音字母,再加 -er,-est big bigger biggest fat fatter fattest hot hotter hottest 辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加-er,-est happy happier happiest healthy healthier healthiest 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more,the most important more important the most important careful more careful the most careful [注意] 1.new,few,slow,clean等词以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,且发的是长元音,不用双写。 2.以形容词前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述规则。 如:unhappy—unhappier—unhappiest, untidy—untidier—untidiest ◆不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far 距离 farther farthest 程度 further furthest old 年龄 older oldest 辈分 elder eldest B)比较等级的常考句型 级别 比较程度 表达方式和意义 原级 同等程度 肯定形式 as+原级+as(和……一样……) 否定形式 not+so/as+原级+as(不如……那样) 比 较 级 不同程度(用于两者比较) 比较级+than+...(比……) A+be+the+比较级+of+the two+其他(A是两者中较……的) 特殊疑问词+be+比较级,A or B? 程度加深 比较级+and+比较级(越来越……) the+比较级,the+比较级(越……,越……) 级别 比较程度 表达方式和意义 最 高 级 最高程度(用于三者或三者以上) the+最高级+可数名词单数+of/in/among...(……中最……的) one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+in/of/among...(……中最……之一) the+序数词+最高级+可数名词单数+in(范围)(第几……) 特殊疑问词(+the)+最高级,A,B or C? 特殊 比较级形式表最高级含义 比较级+than+any other+单数名词(比任何一个人/物都……) [注意] 1.修饰形容词和副词原级的词(组)有:really,very,so,too,quite,a little,rather,pretty等。 2.修饰形容词、副词比较级的词(组)有:much,far,a lot,a little,a bit,even,any等。 3.比较级+than+any other+名词(单数)(比较对象属同一个范围) 比较级+than+any+名词(单数)(比较对象不属于同一个范围) 如:China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。 【先悟后练】 1.Jim can carry the heavy box because he is much _________(strong) than the others in his class. 2.—Which do you like _______(good), swimming or skating? —Swimming. 3.Travelling by train is slower than by plane.But it’s _______________ (interesting) than by plane.   4.With a high-speed train station built in Luzhou, it is much _______(easy) for us to travel to Chengdu. stronger better more interesting easier 5.Our school life has become ______________(colorful) than before because of all kinds of after-school activities.   6.Roy is a great dancer.He dances ________________(beautiful) than others.   7.John did badly in the sports meeting. And I did even _______(badly). 8.—Why didn’t Mr Wu choose Jack to do the class project? —Because he always does things _________________(carefully) in his class.  9.—Did you see the football match yesterday? —Yes! I think it is the _____________(exciting) game that I have ever seen.   more colorful more beautifully worse the least carefully most exciting 10.The Yangtze River is one of ___________(long) rivers in the world.   11.—Mike plays basketball well. Do you know him? —Sure. He is also one of __________(tall) basketball players in our class.  the longest the tallest Ⅰ.阅读下面短文,从短文前的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一 个为多余选项 A A.true　B.wrong　C.extra　D.French E.afraid　F.short　G.different Many people say that they are working too many hours. They don’t have enough time to relax or stay with their family. Work hours are 1._______ from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year on work. In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a 2.___ worker.  语法巩固·提升练 　G　 D Why do people work so many hours? Some people work 3._______ hours because they want to make more money. However, many companies don’t pay overtime. Their workers can’t get more money from more work. Some people think it’s their duty to work more hours. Some are 4._______ of losing their jobs if they don’t work more hours.  Many people say that their vacations are too 5._______. In France,people get five weeks’ paid vacation a year. In Germany, they get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull(迟钝的) boy.” If that is 6._______, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.  　C　 　E　 　F　 　A　 B A.finally　B.suddenly　C.Where　D.quickly E.only　F.even　G.When It was a dark and cold night. The taxi driver didn’t have 1._______ one passenger all day. 2._______ he went by the railway station, he saw a young man coming out with two bags in his hands. So he 3._______ opened the door of the taxi and asked, “Where do you want to go, sir?”  “To the Star Hotel,” the young man answered. When the taxi driver heard that, he didn’t feel happy. The young man would give him 4._______ three dollars because the hotel was not far from the railway station. But 5. _____, he had an idea. He took the passenger through many streets of the big city.  　F　 　G　 　D　 　E　 B　 After a long time, they 6._______ arrived at the hotel.“You should pay me fifteen dollars,” the taxi driver said to the young man.“What? Fifteen dollars? Do you think I’m a fool? Only last week, I took a taxi from the railway station to the same hotel and I only gave the driver thirteen dollars. I know how much I have to pay for the trip. I won’t pay you one dollar more than I paid to the other taxi driver last week.”  　A　 Ⅱ.阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 A About six years ago, I went to an old friend’s birthday party. I was 　1　 to get an invitation because I hadn’t seen her for a few years. At the party, when I found I knew no one else there, I thought it was going to be a 　2　 day. But then I met Kate. And she’s my 　3　 friend now. The first thing I saw about Kate was her red shoes. In fact it was 　4　 to miss them! She was under a table looking something! As I walked by, I said,“　5　 shoes!” I heard her say “Thanks!” Then, when she came out from under the table, we looked at each other and laughed! We had the same dress on! We have a very similar taste in clothes. But we look 　6　. My hair is long and blonde but hers is short and dark. I’m not very tall, but she’s 　7　 than most men I know.  Our personalities are very different, too. She’s much more outgoing than I am. But she can be so disorganized at times. We missed the start of every movie because Kate was always　8　. However, she’s funny and 　9　 and helps me a lot.  I’ve learned so much from Kate. I’m sure we’ll be friends for life, and it is because of those lovely　10　 shoes!  ( )1.A.nervous B.surprised C.afraid ( )2.A.long B.happy C.funny ( )3.A.best B.newest C.smartest ( )4.A.easy B.relaxing C.difficult ( )5.A.Big　 B.Nice C.Red ( )6.A.calm B.different C.confident ( )7.A.taller B.thinner C.braver ( )8.A.lazy B.clever C.late ( )9.A.shy B.warm C.careless ( )10.A.red B.white C.black B A A C B B A C B A B Bex Lindsay’s dream was to be a host. From a young age, she was very 　1　 in radio. In her childhood she often pretended(假装)to host her own shows on Bex Radio while 　2　 her parents’ CDs. At that time Lindsay wanted very much to work at Fun Kids, a radio station 　3　 young listeners, so she sent them a strange recording, hoping to be accepted.  “In the old host-to-be performance, the final thing you were 　4　to do was to jump on a trampoline(蹦床)while interviewing 　5　,” she told the reporter. “I didn’t have a trampoline and I didn’t want to do it in front of anyone else, so I interviewed myself while jumping on my bed, having the recording made.”  Lindsay’s recording really 　6　 and she was asked to host the Sunday breakfast show. Now she hosts a popular program and she loves radio more than ever. She says, “My 　7　 as the host is kind of to be a listener, so I will ask questions that other people would want to ask.”  When she is asked how she has been 　8　, Lindsay says, “First of all, keep the dream in your mind and 　9　 give up.” She adds, “Hosting isn’t about how high up in the world you are; it’s about having a good 　10　 and a good idea. Go and do it.”  ( )1.A.strict 　 B.active C.interested ( )2.A.playing B.copying C.making ( )3.A.to B.for C.with ( )4.A.warned B.paid C.required ( )5.A.everybody B.somebody C.nobody ( )6.A.spread B.worked C.prepared ( )7.A.role B.opinion C.message ( )8.A.careful B.helpful C.successful ( )9.A.never B.almost C.already ( )10.A.song B.voice C.sleep C A B C B B A C A B Ⅲ.阅读短文,根据上下文语境用所给词的适当形式填空 A It’s time for lunch! Today we have obento. In fact,“obento” is a word for lunch in Japan. It’s tasty, 1. ________ (health) and eye-catching. There are some 2. ___________(interest) rules in an obento. First, rice is separated from the other dishes. Then the rice won’t pick up any other flavors(风味). Besides, there is the main dish and the two side dishes. The main dish can be anything from dumplings, to fried chicken, to fish. And the side dish can be anything, like salad. healthy interesting During obento making, you must learn to combine(混合) the food colors of red, yellow and green. The red food will make people feel 3.________(hunger), the yellow food is usually healthy, and the green food is 4.____(fill) of vitamins(维生素). So if you can combine these colors well, you can make a good obento. Nowadays the obento plays a great part in 5._________(Japan) life. When a class goes for an outing, the students will bring their mom-made obento. You see, the obento is always filled with love, just as a mother said, “I remember my mother making obento for me. Now I make obento for my daughter every day. Hopefully, she’ll make obento for her children with the same love, too.” hungry full Japanese B Boys and girls, good afternoon! My name is Lucy. I’m very glad to stand here and give you a short speech. Have you always been 1.________(terrible) scared of spiders? Now let me just tell you some amazing facts about spiders. Spiders have eight legs and their body 2._______(main) has two parts, their head and the rest of the body which is like a big capsule (囊). Most spiders have eight eyes, and some spiders have none at all. Can you guess how many knees spiders have? There are 48! Next time you aim to jump in the high jump competition, keep the spider as your idol. It can jump up to 25 times its own height. terribly mainly It is reported that there are more than 30,000 kinds of spiders in the world. Camel spiders can crawl(爬行) at a speed of about a mile per hour! The 3._______(large) spider in the world is the Goliath birdeater tarantula. They weigh up to about 170 grams. You will 4._______(sure) find this spider fact interesting that some spiders, like the female spiders, eat the male spiders. But 5.________(usual), spiders eat ants, grasshoppers, crickets, etc. So, after all these different and interesting spider facts I am sure you would like to know about identifying a spider. Isn’t it? OK, I will tell you next time. Thank you very much for your attention! largest surely usually Ⅳ.根据中文意思,补全英语译文(每空限填一词,缩写算一词) 1.我打算用旧的物品来修建一个不同寻常的房子。 I plan to build ____ _________house out of old things. 2.我们城市的交通比过去更加方便了。 The traffic in our city is ______ ___________than it used to be. 3.这位年轻人不像过去那样懒惰了。 The young man is not ______ _____ ___ he was in the past. 4.我奶奶擅长剪纸,她能把图片剪成卡通人物的形状。 My grandmother is ______ ___ paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the shape of cartoon characters. an unusual more convenient as/so lazy as good at 5.在锻炼几个月后,鲍勃现在强壮多了。 After months of exercising, Bob is ______ _________now. 6.美国是世界上人口第三的国家。 The US has the ______ _______ population in the world. 7.你浪费在游戏上的时间越多,你取得的成就就越少。 The more time you waste on the games, ____ _____ you will achieve. 8.那位62岁的女士足够勇敢,从湖里救起了一位小男孩。 The 62-year-old lady was ______ ________to save a boy in the lake. much stronger third largest the less brave enough 9.DIY,就是自己动手做,如今受到人们欢迎,因为它给我们带来许多快乐。 The DIY, do-it-yourself, ___ ________ _____ people today, because it brings us much pleasure. 10.加油!你工作越努力,你的未来就会越好。 Come on!_____ ________you work, the better future you will have. 11.你认为安娜和吉尔谁读得更清楚? Who do you think reads ______ _______, Anna or Jill? 12.杰森正舒服地坐在沙发上,读着一本杂志。 Jason is _______ ____________on the sofa, reading a magazine. is popular with The harder more clearly sitting comfortably 13.海伦·凯勒坚强且永不放弃的精神给我留下了深刻的印象。 I’m _______ __________by Helen Keller’s spirit of being strong and never giving up. 14.到目前为止,我仍然不太清楚我周围的路。 ____ ____, I still don’t know my way around clearly. 15.这个孩子打扮得很漂亮,然后开始了她精彩的舞蹈表演。 The kid was dressed ___________ and began her ___________dancing show. deeply impressed So far beautifully wonderful $$