2025年中考英语二轮语法复习课件：专题一名词

语法专题提分案 专题一　名　词 脉络构建·知重点 语法研析·速通关 考点一　可数名词的复数形式 可数名词变复数的规则变化 变化规则 示　例 一般在名词的结尾加-s;-s在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音和元音后读/z/ train→trains 火车 table→tables 桌子 map→maps 地图 duck→ducks 鸭子 以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾的名词加-es;-es读/Iz/ box→boxes 盒子 watch→watches 手表 brush→brushes 刷子 变化规则 示　例 以-o结尾的名词变复数时,有的加-s,有的加-es,读/z/ photo→photos 照片 piano→pianos 钢琴 radio→radios 收音机 zoo→zoos 动物园 potato→potatoes 土豆 tomato→tomatoes 西红柿 变化规则 示　例 以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数时,有的加-s;有的去掉f或fe加-ves belief→beliefs;roof→roofs; half→halves;knife→knives; leaf→leaves;wolf→wolves; wife→wives;life→lives; thief→thieves 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es country→countries; baby→babies; story→stories;city→cities 名词作定语时数的变化 当名词作定语时,数的变化分两种: (1)当修饰词为man或woman时,将man或 woman和修饰词同时变为复数。例如: a man doctor →men doctors a woman teacher →women teachers (2)当修饰词不是man或 woman时,则只把被修饰的名词变为复数。例如: a girl student→girl students a birthday gift→birthday gifts tomato/potato noodles [注意]也有名词复数作定语的特殊情况,如sports meeting运动会。 可数名词变复数的不规则变化 变化规则 示　例 改变单数名词内部的元音字母 foot→feet 脚; goose→geese 鹅; tooth→teeth 牙齿; man→men 男人; woman→women 女人 词尾加-en或-ren child→children 小孩子; ox→oxen 公牛 变化规则 示　例 单复数形式相同 Chinese 中国人;Japanese日本人; sheep 绵羊 直接从汉语音译的名词没有复数形式,但要用斜体 yuan 元　jiao 角 fen 分　li 里 只有复数形式的名词 chopsticks 筷子;clothes 衣服;earphones 耳机;glasses 眼镜;gloves 手套;pants 裤子;scissors 剪刀;shorts 短裤;socks 袜子;trousers 裤子 拓展 1.中学阶段常见的单复数同形的名词可用口诀记忆为“中(Chinese)日(Japanese)警察(police)好人(people)来聚会,鹿(deer)、羊(sheep)、鱼(fish)、牛(cattle)齐齐把家回”。 2.fish表示鱼的种类时,复数形式为fishes,而fish表示鱼的条数时,复数形式仍为fish。例如: different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish 五条鱼 【先悟后练】 1.We Chinese should be proud of our history, our written language, our ___________(invention) and our achievements. 2.Alisa will pick strawberries and __________(tomato) with her father tomorrow. 3.所有的女教师在妇女节都收到了鲜花。 All ________ _________received fresh flowers on Women’s Day. inventions tomatoes women teachers 4.——我发现我们学校里有越来越多的肥胖儿童。 ——的确,所以我们应该有良好的饮食习惯。 —I find there are more and more overweight children in our school. —Exactly, so we should have good ____________.  5.With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策), one of the _________(change) is that the students have less homework. eating habits changes 考点二　名词的数量表达 1.不可数名词表示数量的多少时,必须与表示计量的名词连用。具体如下: 情况 方　法 示　例 具体 的量 数词+表计量单位的名词+of+ 不可数名词 a piece of paper一张纸 three kilos of rice三千克大米 大概 的量 表示量的限定词(much,little, a little,a lot of等)+不可数名词 some water一些水 a lot of money许多钱 2.可数名词也可以用量化来表达,需要注意的是可数名词的单复数要根据其实际表达的意义来确定。例如: a piece of leaf→two pieces of leaves a box of apples→two boxes of apples a pair of trousers/shoes →two pairs of trousers/shoes 3.有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,但意义不同。 【先悟后练】 1.There are some ______(cup) of tea on the table. 2.We’d like _____ _______ ___ _____(两杯牛奶). 3.Mr Black has many _________on his farm,and he likes eating ________.(chicken) 4.When Dave goes back home from school, his dog always greets him at the door with ___________(excite). 5.李老师有很多的教学经验。她用自己的方法使课程变得生动有趣。 Miss Li has lots of _________ ___________. She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting. cups two glasses of milk chickens chicken excitement teaching experience 考点三　名词所有格 1.’s类所有格 类　别 构成方法 示　例 有生命的单数名词 加’s my son’s pen 我儿子的钢笔 有生命的 复数名词 以s结尾加’ the teachers’ office 老师的办公室 不以s结尾加’s women’s work 妇女的工作 类　别 构成方法 示　例 表示时间、距离、国家等的名词 单数加’s an hour’s walk 一小时的步行路程 China’s中国的 复数加’ five minutes’ walk 五分钟的步行路程 类　别 构成方法 示　例 表示几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加’s Tom and Jim’s room 汤姆和吉姆(共同的)房间 表示每个人各自拥有 在每个名词后加’s Mike’s and John’s desks 迈克和约翰(各自的)书桌 2.of所有格 形式:名词+of+名词。通常用来表示无生命事物的所属关系。例如: a leg of a table 桌子的一条腿 the gate of the school学校的大门 3.双重所有格 构成形式 a student of my father’s 我父亲的一个学生 a photo of mine我的一张照片 [注意]双重所有格和一般所有格意义不同。 a photo of Mary’s(照片属于玛丽,但照片上的人不一定是玛丽) a photo of Mary(照片上的人是玛丽本人) 【先悟后练】 1.My ______________(grandmother) garden is very nice. 2.These UNICEF _________(office) wish is to improve the living conditions of the local children. 3.This year, the family went camping on ___________(child) Day, June 1st. 4.________________(Tony and Peter) father is a pilot.He has been to many countries around the world.  grandmother’s officers’ Children’s Tony and Peter’s Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 1.David is a ________(work) at a car factory. He loves his job. 2.(2024·扬州中考)Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its ________(tour). 3.(2024·达州中考)An _________(invent) is a person who has invented something. 4.(2024·无锡中考)The father is always a real _______(fight) in the little kid’s heart. 5.(2024·白银中考)China’s Communist Youth League (中国共产主义青年团) has around 74.17 million _________(member). 6.(2024·包头中考)As a _______(lead) of a team, you need to plan well and make good decisions quickly. 语法巩固·提升练 worker tourists inventor fighter members leader 7.(2024·临夏中考)There are many _______(sheep) eating grass over there. 8.(2024·黑龙江中考)Last winter holiday, we met some __________(German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much. 9.(2024·黑龙江中考)ChatGPT is one of the most amazing ___________(invent). I think it will change the world. 10.(2024·临夏中考)It’s important to think twice before we make a _________(decide). 11.(2024·黑龙江中考)It is reported that 30 _________(minute) walk every day is healthy enough. sheep Germans inventions decision minutes’ 12.(2024·包头中考)Lucy’s junior middle school teacher made a big __________ (different) to her life. She wants to express her thanks to the teacher at the graduation ceremony. 13.Frank has more than 500 ________(stamp). 14.Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis ________(player) in the world, and I love playing table tennis. 15.China plans to pay more attention to scientific __________(educate) in its primary and middle schools. 16.Amy is my best friend. She’s always there to be a good ________(listen). difference stamps players education listener 17.We’re going to make vegetable salad. How many __________(tomato) do we need? 18.World Health Day is used to highlight(强调) the ____________(important) of personal health. 19.The ________(win) of this year’s Spelling Bee is... Daniel! 20.—What did you do in class this morning, Sally? —We had a __________(discuss) about Chinese culture. tomatoes importance winner discussion Ⅱ.根据中文意思,补全英语译文 1.我希望学生们的书包轻一点儿。 I hope students’ _______ ______will be lighter. 2.李琳给朋友送了一个红色的杯子作为礼物。 Li Lin gave her friend a ____ _____ as a present. 3.我的外祖父很喜欢喝绿茶。 My grandpa likes drinking ______ ____ a lot. 4.你认为骑自行车是很好的运动方式吗? Do you think cycling is a ______ _____ to exercise? school bags red cup green tea good way 5.不要嘲笑那些犯错误的人。 Don’t laugh at those who ______ _________. 6.在消防员的帮助下,人们扑灭了这场大火。 With the help of the firefighters, people put out the ____ ____. 7.事实上,我们在生活中可以做很多事情去帮助濒危动物。 In fact, we can do many things to help endangered animals in _____ _____. 8.我认为吃得少并不是一种健康的减肥方式。 I don’t think it is a healthy way to eat less to _____ _______. make mistakes big fire our lives lose weight Ⅲ.短文填空 Zhao Pei, 15, Zhejiang 　　Huangmei Opera is my favourite kind of art. It’s a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation. 　　I don’t have any singing 1.______(skill) myself, 2.____ I do enjoy listening to it. Huangmei Opera’s songs are soft and beautiful. Its stories are lively. What’s more, its costumes that 3.___________(perform) wear are beautiful and the philosophy (哲理) within its stories is true. skills but performers 　　However, Huangmei Opera is less popular than it used to be. Fewer 4. ________ (people) are willing to watch it. I hope more people will understand and love it in the future.This cultural heritage(遗产) needs to be passed on from generation (一代人) to generation. Hu Xinyue, 13, Guangdong 　　Out of all 5._______(sport), I like table tennis best. I think it is not only a sport, but also 6.____ art form. It is a culture of 7._______(China).It’s a game that needs both strength and skill. people sports an China 　　For most people, table tennis doesn’t take strength.That’s not true. 8._______ we play table tennis, we need to judge (判断) the direction and hit the ball with great strength in order to beat our opponent (对手). After a match, you will feel very tired if you have tried your best. 　　The ball moves very quickly during 9._________(match). And if you watch professional play, you’ll notice that the 10.________(player) movements are beautiful. 　　Playing table tennis can not only help build up our bodies, but also train our brains. Even though I’m not good at it, I’m quite confident that I can get better. When matches players’ $$