2025年高考英语语法复习专题讲义二介词，形容词，副词

介词（讲义） 课前导入： 1．表示方位的介词 We walked across① the beach，through② the woods and finally came to③ the house which was under④the big tree marked in⑤ the map.After stepping into⑥ the house，we found a small black table，over⑦ which was a lamp.Then we looked around⑧，only to find nothing.My friend found something special—an empty box.Beneath⑨ it was a note saying，“Stand beside⑩ the window and look out of⑪ it.” From⑫ the window we saw another house beyond⑬ a small hill. [规则感悟]　①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。③to指“到某处，去某处”。④under在……下面，无接触面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(无接触面)；on在……上面(有接触面)。⑧around在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside在……旁边。⑪out of向/在……外面。⑫from从……。⑬beyond 在/向……较远的一边，超出。 2．表示时间的介词 It happened on① a Saturday morning in② November,2021.My parents left home at③ 6：00 am to meet my uncle at the airport and told me they would come back in② two hours.However，it wasn’t long before④ someone knocked at the door，and I looked through the peephole and saw a stranger.I quickly locked the door from the inside，and didn’t open it until⑤ my parents came back.During⑥ the two hours，the stranger always tried to tell me something but I wouldn’t listen to him.On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have been waiting out of the door for⑦ two hours since 6：10 am.” Why had my uncle changed so much over⑧ the years? [规则感悟]　①on指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……时候。⑥during在……期间。⑦for表示延续一段时间。⑧over表示“在……期间”，表延续。 3．表示原因的介词 John was punished for① cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/over② it and he trembled with③ anger because of④ John’s bad behaviour. [规则感悟]　①for表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④because of/owing to/due to/thanks to之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。 4．其他重要介词 Between① the two opinions，I am for② the first one but against③ the second one.By④ wearing school uniforms，students can be treated equally by④ others despite⑤ the different economic backgrounds among⑥ them.Besides⑦，the price is within⑧ students’ reach.Most students except⑨ a minority of them say school uniforms are good except for⑩ the fact that they are not fashionable. [规则感悟]　①between表示“两者之间”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反对”。④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“尽管”，等于in spite of。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(还)”。⑧within表示“在……范围之内”。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。 一、介词的省略 1．当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。 We watched an exciting football match last week. 上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。 Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。 2．表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天一个苹果，医生远离我。 3．习惯搭配中介词的省略。 一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend some time (in) doing sth，waste some time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy (in) doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。 Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up. 弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉，虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。 二、介词不可省略的问题 1．在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能省略。 The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten. 这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。 2．当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to. 这个问题很值得关注。 3．在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。 The library which we often go to is not far away from our school. 我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。 三、介词短语 1．介词与名词构成的搭配： (1)at＋名词 at a loss不知所措 at the cost of以……的代价 at peace处于和平状态 at the risk of冒……的危险 at war处于战争状态 at the mercy of在……支配下；由……摆布 at the same time同时 (2)on＋名词 on exhibition/show/display在展出 on account of因为 on fire着火 on average平均；一般地 on sale出售；打折 on behalf of代表 on no account/condition决不 on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation在度假 (3)by＋名词 by accident/chance偶然地 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by the day按天算 by coincidence碰巧 by nature天生地 (4)in＋名词 in cash用现金付款 in charge of掌管 in depth在深度上 in return作为回报 in detail详细地 in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危 in height在高度上 in spite of尽管 in length在长度上 in exchange for作为交换 in favor of支持，赞成 in no time立刻 in case of万一；如果；假使 in no way决不 in support of为支持…… in place of代替 in honour of为向……表示敬意 in possession of拥有，占有 in memory of为了纪念…… in addition to另外 (5)of＋名词 of benefit有益处的 of significance有意义的 of help有帮助的 of use有用的 of importance重要的 of value有价值的 (6)out of＋名词 out of balance失去平衡 out of order发生故障 out of breath上气不接下气 out of sight看不见 out of control失去控制 out of the question不可能 out of date过期 out of work失业 out of touch失去联系 (7)under＋名词 under attack遭到袭击 under treatment在治疗中 under pressure在压力下 under control处于控制之中 under repair在修理中 under discussion在讨论中 (8)with＋名词 with delight/joy高兴地 with fear害怕地 with difficulty困难地 with pleasure乐意地 with ease轻而易举地 (9)beyond＋名词 beyond compare无与伦比 beyond description难以描述 beyond reach够不到 beyond expression/words难以表达 2．形容词与介词构成的搭配： (1)be＋adj.＋about be anxious about为……忧虑 be curious about对……好奇 be particular about对……讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about对……担心 (2)be＋adj.＋at be angry at因/对……生气 be good at擅长 be astonished at对……吃惊 be present at出席 (3)be＋adj.＋in be absorbed in专注于…… be active in积极于…… be dressed in穿着…… be engaged in忙于…… be rich in富含…… be occupied in忙于…… (4)be＋adj.＋for be eager for渴望…… be famous for因……著名 be fit for适合，胜任…… be ready for准备好…… be sorry for对……感到抱歉 be prepared for为……做好准备 (5)be＋adj.＋from be absent from缺席 be different from不同于 be far from远离 be free from不受……影响 (6)be＋adj.＋to be close to接近…… be devoted to致力于…… be equal to等于……；胜任…… be familiar to对……熟悉 be friendly to对……友好 be harmful to对……有害 be kind to对……友好 be similar to与……相似 be grateful to对……心存感激 (7)be＋adj.＋of be aware of意识到…… be fond of喜欢…… be proud of因……而自豪 be short of缺乏…… be critical of对……挑剔 (8)be＋adj.＋with be busy with忙于…… be familiar with对……熟悉 be combined with与……结合 be patient with对……有耐心 be popular with受……欢迎 be pleased with对……感到满意 be angry with (sb)对(某人)生气 3．介词与其他词构成的搭配： but for要不是 instead of代替 regardless of不管，不顾 apart from除……之外 up to直到；由……决定 according to根据 along with随着 together with连同 by means of用……办法；借助…… owing to因为 四、动词与介词构成的搭配 1．“动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构 accuse sb of sth指责/控告某人某事 cure sb of sth治好某人的某种疾病 rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某物 cheat sb of sth骗走某人某物 remind sb of sth使某人想起某事 inform sb of sth通知某人某事 rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物 warn sb of sth警告某人某事 convince sb of sth使某人确信某事 suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事 2．“动词＋sb＋for＋doing sth”结构 blame sb for doing sth指责某人做某事 批评某人做某事 原谅某人做某事 punish sb for doing sth因做某事而惩罚某人 thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做某事 3．“动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing) sth”结构 prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth阻止某人/物做某事 protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done保护某人/物免于被…… ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth禁止某人/物做某事 4．其他常考的动词与介词的搭配 account for 占……(比例)；解释……(原因) act as 充当；起作用 break away from 脱离；逃离 bring about 引起；导致；造成 call for (去)接；需要；(公开)要求 carry out 履行；实施；执行 carry through 帮助……渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现 come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；发现 come to an end 终止，结束 come up with 提出 do harm to 对……有害 do without 没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去 end up with 以……结束 get across 被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚 get around 传播；流传；各处走动 get down to 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事 get over 解决；克服；控制 get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱 get through 正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等) give rise to使发生 give way to屈服；退让；让步 go against违反；与……不符 go in for参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好 go through经历 keep in touch with与……保持联系 look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起 look into调查；审查 make the best of充分利用；尽力而为 be made up of由……组成 put up with忍受，容忍 see through看穿；识破 see to照料；处理 set about着手做 show around/round领(某人)参观 show off炫耀；展示 take in吸入；理解，领会 take on承担；呈现，具有 work out计算出；制定出 介词易错题  1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _______ the coast of Bermuda Island.       A. off B. along       C. on D. around       2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just ______ this Monday.”       A. on B. since       C. until D. after       3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no way to get out.       A. in 　 B. between       C. among 　 D. on       4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain ______ flood.”       A. as well as B. so long as       C. because of D. in case of       5. _____ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.       A. Given B. Supposed       C. Considered D. Concluded       6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week.       A. until B. in       C. by D. to       7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done?       A. Because of B. Except       C. Besides D. But for       8. “How did the robber get in?” “______ an open window on the first floor.”       A. Past B. From       C. Over D. Through       9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months.       A. Except B. except for       C. except that D. in addition        10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains.       A .except B. except when       C. except for D. except that       11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.       A. besides B. except for       C. except D. except that       12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.       A. Except B. Except for       C. But D. Besides       13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.       A. in spite of B. instead of       C. in case of D. in favor of       14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane.       A. around B. abroad       C. aboard D. ahead       答案       1. 选A。off 用作介词时可表示距离，此时尤其用于指距离某一大路或靠近某海面。又如：       Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我们家离大路大约有20米远。       The ship anchored a mile off the coast. 轮船抛锚停泊在离海岸1英里的地方。       2. 选B。此答句为省略句，补充完整为：I’ve stayed in this hotel since this Monday.       3. 选 B。between floors 指在两层楼之间。类例地，以下各例也选between：       Don’t eat anything ______ meals if you want to lose weight.       4. 选D。复合介词in case of有两个意思，一是表示条件，意为“如果”;二是表示目的，意为“以防”。如：       In case of fire, call 119. 万一失火，就打119电话。       Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把雨伞，以防下雨。       5. 选A，given 在此用作介词，意为“考虑到”。又如：Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考虑到价格很低，我决定把它买下。       6. 选C，by 意为“最迟到……之前，到……的时候已经”。类例地，下面一题也选by：         7. 选C。besides 意为“除……之外，还”。又如：       He has another car besides this. 除了这辆车外，他还有一辆。       Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外，他还是位诗人。       Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他还有没有别的什么举动?       8. 选D。through 意为“穿过，贯穿，经过，透过”。又如：       The train ran through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。       I saw you through the window. 我是透过窗子看到你的。       9. 选 C。在四个选项中，只有except that 后可接句子。       10. 选B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子，但前者含“当……的时候”的意思，而后者则没有这个意思。       11. 选B。except 与 except for的区别是：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西;后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有时含有惋惜之意。       12. 选B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示谈论不同类的对象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。       13. 选A。比较：in spite of=虽然，尽管…仍;instead of=代替，取而代之;in case of=假设，万一;in favour of=赞同，有利于。       14. 选C。aboard 用作介词时意思“在(船、飞机、车)上”、“上(船、飞机、车)”。 高考模拟试题 1．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）The remote island was ______ modern technology, making communication difficult. A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of C．at the mercy of D．on the side of 【答案】B 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个偏远的岛屿远离现代科技，通讯很困难。根据making communication difficult（通讯很困难）可知，这个岛应该是“远离”现代科技。A. in the shape of以……的形式；B. beyond the reach of超出……的控制范围；C. at the mercy of受制于；D. on the side of在某方面。B项符合句意，故选B。 2．（2024·天津·三模）The little boat is ________ but safe, so I won’t take it. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：小船一点也不安全，所以我不会乘坐它。A. something某些事情；B. anything任何事情；C. everything每件事情；D. nothing没什么事情。根据“so I won’t take it”可知，此处指小船一点也不安全，固定短语anything but“绝不，一点也不”符合语境，故选B。 3．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—Is that your headmaster? —You mean the man ________ blue? A．on B．with C．in D．at 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词。句意：——那是你们的校长吗？——你是说那个穿蓝衣服的人？“in+颜色”在英语中通常用来表示某人穿着某种颜色的衣服，in blue：穿着蓝色衣服，此处修饰man作定语。故选C。 4．（2024·天津河西·一模）The result is not the same ______they had expected, ______was rather disappointing. A．what, as B．as, that C．as, which D．that, which 【答案】C 【详解】考查介词和定语从句。句意：结果和他们预期的不一样，这是相当令人失望的。the same as是固定短语，意为“与……一样”，因此第一空用as；第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此第二空用which引导定语从句，故选C。 5．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Sima Qian’s writing had a profound effect ________ me, and I have this to thank for my passion ________ Chinese literature. A．with, to B．on, to C．with, for D．on, for 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词搭配。句意：司马迁的写作对我影响深远，这是我对中国文学的热爱。第一空表示“对……有深远影响”短语为have a profound effect on；第二空为短语passion for表示“对……的热爱”。故选D。 6．（2024·山东日照·一模）Judy won the first prize in the spelling contest. She spelling 300 words in 5 minutes． A．successful in B．succeeded in C．successfully in D．success in 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：朱迪在拼写比赛中获得了第一名。她在5分钟内拼了300个单词。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处应该用动词作谓语，表示“成功做某事”用succeed in doing something或be successful in something；由上一句的won可知，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故选B项。 7．（2024·山东青岛·一模）There 5.5 magnitude (震级) earthquake Pingyuan, Shandong province August 6th, 2023. A．is a; in; in B．was a; in; on C．was an; in; on D．was an; on; in 【答案】B 【详解】考查冠词，介词，时态和主谓一致。句意：2023年8月6日，山东平原发生5.5级地震。由August 6th, 2023可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，earthquake是单数，说明是一次地震，5.5是辅音音素开头，因此前面的不定冠词用a，因此空格处用was a；Pingyuan是一个地方，表示“在平原”介词用in；August 6th, 2023是具体的某一天，表示在具体某天介词用on，故选B。 8．（2024·山东烟台·一模）—What do you usually do at home after finishing your homework? —I have a chat__________ my friend__________ WeChat. A．about; on B．with; on C．on; with D．in; with 【答案】B 【详解】考查介词。句意：——你做完作业后通常在家做什么？——我和朋友在微信上聊天。have a chat with sb.意为“和某人聊天”，因此第一空是with；on WeChat意为“在微信上”，因此第二空是on，故选B。 9．（2024·湖南株洲·模拟预测）Mr.Smith is friendly us. But he is very strict studies. A．for:with B．to;in C．to:with D．with:with 【答案】B 【详解】考查介词。句意：史密斯对我们友好，但是他对我们的学习要求严格。分析句子可知，这里考查be friendly to sb.表“对某人友好”；be strict in sth.表“对某事严格”均为固定搭配。故选B项。 10．（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）But after graduation, _________ my surprise, I, as an A student, could not find a job. A．in B．at C．with D．to 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词。句意：但毕业后，令我惊讶的是，我，一个优等生，找不到工作。A. in在……里；B. at在，向；C. with用；D. to向，朝着。此处是固定搭配：to one’s surprise意为“使……惊讶的是”。故选D项。 形容词副词（讲义） 精讲（一）形容词和副词的基本用法 课前导入： I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let go of it.Worried③ about my study，my mother took it away.However，I found my mother absorbed④ in it. My mother is reading the novel attentively⑤ now and she is quite⑤ moved by it.Obviously⑥，she won’t return the book to me soon. [规则感悟]　①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。 1．形容词的构词规则 (1)名词转换为形容词的规则 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，wind→windy，salt→salty 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted，talent→talented，experience→experienced，detail→detailed，age→aged 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，remark→remarkable，fashion→fashionable，reason→reasonable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→humorous 词尾变-ce为-t absence→absent，confidence→confident，difference→different，elegance→elegant，persistence→persistent，significance→significant 词尾(去e)加-al music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional，profession→professional 词尾去-e加-al或-ial agriculture→agricultural，culture→cultural，globe→global，universe→universal，virtue→virtual，commerce→commercial，finance→financial 词尾加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden，wool→woolen 词尾去-e或-y加-etic/-ic athlete→athletic，energy→energetic，scene→scenic，economy→economic， history→historic 其他常见变化 habit→habitual，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific，medicine→medical，day→daily，influence→influential，south→southern 注意　以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。 (2)动词转换为形容词的规则 类别 例词 词前加-a live→alive，wake→awake，sleep→asleep 词尾加-ed/-d excite→excited，educate→educated，relax→relaxed，challenge→challenged，crowd→crowded，balance→balanced 词尾(去e)加-ing surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting 词尾(去e)加-able accept→acceptable，respect→respectable，enjoy→enjoyable，adjust→adjustable，afford→affordable，bear→bearable，suit→suitable，recognize→recognizable 词尾(去e)加-ive/-ative/-itive act→active，attract→attractive，compare→comparative，compete→competitive，create→creative，impress→impressive，relate→relative，select→selective 注意　以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。 2．形容词变副词的规则 类别 例词 (1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly。 quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously (2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly。 immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly (3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y。 possible→possibly，probable→probably (4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly。 happy→happily，healthy→healthily (5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。 economic→economically，basic→basically (6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。 full→fully，dull→dully 注意　下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whole→wholly　public→publicly 3．常见的以-ly结尾的形容词 (1)表示时间的形容词：hourly每小时的；daily 每天的；weekly 每周的；monthly 每月的；yearly 每年的；timely及时的，适时的。 (2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；womanly 女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly 慈父般的；comradely 同志般的。 (3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lovely可爱的；friendly 友好的；ugly 难看的；lively 活泼的；lonely 孤独的；unfriendly 不友好的；kindly 亲切的；sickly多病的；elderly 年长的。 (4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；orderly 整齐的；deadly 致命的；chilly 寒冷的；disorderly 乱七八糟的；unlikely 不大可能发生的。 4．如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词 (1)-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。 (2)-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。 He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。 5．常考的连接性副词 though然而，可是；meanwhile 在此期间；therefore/thus/consequently因此，所以；moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，还有；however然而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhow尽管，即使这样；otherwise否则。 The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one. 那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。 The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I’d grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。 6．意义不同的同根副词 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 精讲（二）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 课前导入： In my family，my mother is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as③ my mother，and becoming fatter and fatter④.He is quite worried because the fatter⑤ he is，the more likely⑤ he is to be ill. [规则感悟]　①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或most。 两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。 ②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。 ③倍数表达法： ·A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B ·A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B ·A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B ④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。 ⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。 1．少数以-er，-ow，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。 clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest easy→easier→easiest simple→simpler→simplest 2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。 这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。 3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。 good/well→better→best bad/ill→worse→worst many/much→more→most little→less→least old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上) far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上) 4．比较级的基本用法 (1)同级比较 ①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……” Since people are fond of humour，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else. 因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。 ②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as... I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 (2)比较级比较 “形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。 I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it. 我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。 5．比较级的特殊用法 ①“more＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. 与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。 ②“more than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。 ③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。 Of the two sisters，Mary is the cleverer. 这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。 6．比较级形式表示最高级含义 在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。 ①比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数 ②比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数 ③比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else ④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数 ⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。 China is the largest country in Asia.That is，it is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。 No man is better than you in the world. 人世间没有人比你好。 I haven’t read a more interesting novel. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。 7．最高级的基本用法 (1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 (2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. ＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。 (3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。 形容词副词易错点 词性转换类易混易错点 It is an ancient _________ (architecture) complex with a history of more than 600 years. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, twenty-four emperors lived here ruling China for nearly 500 years. 易错分析：1.不认识单词。2.不熟悉其形容词的正确形式。3.不熟悉complex的名词意思“建筑群”。 【答案】architectural 【解析】考查形容词。句意：它是一个有600多年历史的古代建筑群。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“complex”，表示“建筑的”。故填architectural。 “Hospitable Shandong” has become an __ (influence) tourism brand. 易错分析：对长难单词的构词变化掌握不牢，平时学习中需要大量积累。 【答案】influential 【解析】考查形容词。句意：“好客山东”成为有影响力的旅游品牌。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语修饰名词tourism，influence的形容词为influential，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。 The treatment is based on the TCM principle, which is _______ (effect) for coughs, asthma (哮喘) and other diseases. 【答案】effective 【解析】考查形容词。句意：治疗是基于中医的原则，这是有效的咳嗽，哮喘和其他疾病。此处应用形容词effective作表语，故填effective。 China is one of the world’s most biologically (diversity) countries. 【答案】diverse 【解析】考查形容词。句意：中国是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词修饰名词countries。故填diverse。 It listed the two-part Vietnamese bridge as the world’s ____ (long), at 632 metres. 易错分析：忽略句子的逻辑意思而单纯变为比较级或副词。 【答案】longest 【解析】考查形容词最高等级。句意：它把这座由两部分组成的越南大桥列为世界上最长的大桥，全长632米。根据空前的the world’s可知，此处用形容词的最高等级，故填longest。 In fact, the story is much_______ (complex), according to findings that Dr. Wang, now an ecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, published last month in Biological Conservation. 【答案】more complex 【解析】考查比较级。句意：事实上，根据王博士上个月发表在《生物保护》杂志上的研究结果，情况要复杂得多，王博士现在是上海复旦大学的生态学家。此处指与上文的情况相比，情况更加复杂，应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more complex。 As the weather turns warmer and air becomes _____ __ (dry), it is recommended that people eat fresh vegetables and juicy fruits to keep themselves hydrated (保持水分). 易错分析：忽略形容词级别变化的特殊形式，误以为都在词尾加-er或-est。 【答案】drier 【解析】考查比较级。句意：随着天气变暖，空气变得干燥，建议人们吃新鲜的蔬菜和多汁的水果来保持自己的水分。根据上文“As the weather turns warmer and air becomes”可知，此处使用比较级。故填drier。 The system sends messages to people (little) than two second after the earthquake happens. 【答案】less 【解析】考查副词比较级。句意：该系统在地震发生后不到两秒就会向人们发送信息。空处修饰动词sends，需用副词，结合than可知，此处需用副词比较级。故填less。 用法类易混易错点 It has appealed to audiences of all ages, who _______ (enthusiastic) recite poetry alongside the characters on screen, taking them on a fantastic journey. 易错分析：1.句子结构分析出错，修饰谓语动词应当使用副词。2.-ic结尾形容词大多加-ally。 publicly除外。 【答案】enthusiastically 【解析】考查副词。句意：它吸引了各个年龄段的观众，他们热情地与银幕上的角色一起背诵诗歌。此处修饰动词recite，应用副词作状语。故填enthusiastically。 Meanwhile, they found that cancer rates were just as high in excessive consumers of artificial sweetener and excessive sugar intake may be _ (equal) associated with cancer risk, according to the authors. 【答案】equally 【解析】考查副词。句意：同时，他们发现，过量食用人造甜味剂的人癌症发病率同样高，根据作者的说法，过量食用糖可能与癌症风险同样相关。空处修饰形容词associated，应填副词形式作状语，equally是副词，表示“同样地”，符合题意。故填equal Besides, people around the globe can have access to Confucius ideas in Confucius Institutes and Chinese Culture Centers abroad _______ (free). 【答案】freely 【解析】考查副词。句意：此外，世界各地的人们可以在海外孔子学院和中国文化中心自由地接触到孔子的思想。free为形容词，需要副词freely修饰，故填freely。 When it comes to sharing, one of the _______ (great) gifts China gave to the world through the ancient Silk Road was the technology of making paper on an industrial scale. 易错分析：长难句导致的句子结构划分不清，从而句意理解出错，名词复数gifts前应当被形容词修饰。 【答案】greatest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：说到分享，中国通过古丝绸之路给世界的最大礼物之一是工业规模的造纸技术，这一技术彻底改变了科学和哲学从8世纪开始在阿拉伯和伊斯兰世界一路传播到欧洲的过程。此处是“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”，表示“最……的……之一”，故填greatest。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1．（2024·山东济南·二模）She doesn’t speak ______her friend, but her handwriting is excellent. A．as well as B．so often as C．so much as D．as good as 【答案】A 【详解】考查“as...as...”结构和副词。句意：她说的不像她朋友说得一样好，但她的字写得很好。该句中应为副词作状语修饰speak，结合“her handwriting is excellent”可知，此处描述的是“她书法好”，所以此处表示“她说的没她朋友说的好”，所以此处使用副词well，用于同级作比较时为ad well as。故选A项。 2．（2024·山东泰安·一模）A craftsman is a man who makes things ________ with his hands. A．skill B．skillful C．skillfully D．skills 【答案】C 【详解】考查副词。句意：能工巧匠是指能巧妙地用手制作东西的人。A. skill技巧；B. skillful熟练的；C. skillfully巧妙地；D. skills技巧（复数形式）。本空用副词skillfully“巧妙地”，作状语，修饰动词makes。故选C。 3．（2024黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Students are expected to dress _________, suitable for weather conditions, and in good taste. A．accurately B．adequately C．essentially D．attractively 【答案】B 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：学生们要穿着得体，适应天气条件，有品位。A. accurately准确地、精确地；B. adequately足够地、合乎需要地；C. essentially本质上、大体上；D.  attractively迷人地、有吸引力地。根据句意可知，此处指根据不同天气情况穿衣，还要具有良好品味，说明要衣着得体，应用adequately。故选B项。 4．（2024·河南洛阳·二模）Don’t let the child who is ________ go to school. A．so young as to B．not old enough to C．not old enough D．too young to 【答案】C 【详解】考查形容词和副词。句意：不要让年龄不够大的孩子上学。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词who引导的定语从句。is后接形容词old作表语，enough修饰形容词放在形容词之后。故选C项。 5．（2024·天津二模）While it is crucial to learn and grow from the disappointments, it is________ important to recognize accomplishments. A．slightly B．equally C．increasingly D．widely 【答案】B 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然从失望中学习和成长至关重要，但认可成就也同样重要。A. slightly轻微地；B. equally同样地；C. increasingly越来越多地；D. widely普遍地。根据上文“it is crucial to learn and grow from the disappointments(从失望中学习和成长)”以及下文“to recognize accomplishments(认可成就)”可知，句子表达的是“这两者同等重要”，应选择表示“同样地”含义的副词，故选B项。 6．（2024天津·一模）It is quite annoying if our close friend _________ checks the cellphone and ignores our heartfelt words. A．properly B．constantly C．officially D．physically 【答案】B 【详解】考查副词的词义辨析。句意：如果我们的密友不断查看手机而不理会我们真诚的话，那就太烦人了。A. properly正确地，适当地；B. constantly不断地；C. officially官方地；D. physically身体上，根本上。根据句意，此处表示“不断地查看手机”，故用constantly，作状语，修饰checks，故选B。 二、单词拼写 7．（2024·江苏·模拟预测）He lifted the baby (温柔地) out of its cot (婴儿床). 【答案】gently 【详解】考查副词。句意：他轻轻地把婴儿从婴儿床上抱起来。空处修饰空前的动词lifted，应用副词修饰，根据所给中文提示词，应是gently意为“温柔地”。故填gently。 8．（2024·陕西西安·一模）The report is based on a survey of over 21,000 (随机地) selected employers from July to September. 【答案】randomly 【详解】考查副词。句意：该报告是基于从7月到9月对21,000多名随机选择的雇主的调查得出的。根据汉语提示“随机地”可知，此处为副词randomly，作状语，修饰过去分词selected。故填randomly。 9．（2024·湖南株洲·模拟预测） (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a self-service store.   【答案】Recently 【详解】考查副词。句意：最近，陆河的公民有机会体验自助服务商店。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，根据所给中文提示词，应是recently意为“最近”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Recently。 10．（2024吉林长春·模拟预测）To all the villagers’ disappointment, the rescue attempt failed (悲惨地)． 【答案】tragically 【详解】考查副词。句意：令所有村民失望的是，营救行动不幸失败了。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用副词tragically，修饰动词failed，作状语。故填tragically。 11．（2024吉林长春·模拟预测）The thieves (天才) triggered the alarm and hid inside the house. 【答案】geniusly 【详解】考查副词。句意：小偷们巧妙地触发了警报，躲进了房子里。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用副词geniusly“巧妙地”，修饰动词triggered，作状语。故填geniusly。 12．（2024·陕西西安·模拟预测）“You are an artist,” she said (恭敬地). 【答案】respectfully 【详解】考查副词。句意：她恭敬地说：“你是一个艺术家。”根据汉语提示和句意可知，副词respectfully符合题意，做状语，修饰动词said。故填respectfully。 13．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）The police decided to investigate (进一步). 【答案】further 【详解】考查副词。句意：警方决定进一步调查。根据汉语提示可知应填副词further，作状语。故填further。 14．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）This course will teach you to think (创造性). 【答案】creatively 【详解】考查副词。句意：这门课程将教你创造性地思考。根据汉语提示可知应填副词creatively，作状语。故填creatively。 15．（2024·广东江门·一模）I thought Little Tom was in his room, but a (实际上) he was in the garden. 【答案】actually 【详解】考查副词。句意：我认为小汤姆在屋内，但实际上他在花园。分析句子可知，此处应该为副词作状语。根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，actually意为“实际上”符合句意。故填actually。 16．（2024·山东济南模拟预测）Luckily, his health is g (逐渐地) improving. 【答案】gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他的健康正在逐渐改善。副词修饰动词，作状语，根据汉语提示和首字母可知，“逐渐”的副词是gradually。故填gradually。 17．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）According to observers, the plane exploded (不久) after take-off. 【答案】shortly 【详解】考查副词。句意：据观察员说，飞机起飞后不久就爆炸了。此处“不久”应用副词shortly作状语，故填shortly。 18．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）The speech was (故意地) designed to embarrass the prime minister. 【答案】deliberately 【详解】考查副词。句意：这次演讲是故意设计来使首相难堪的。“故意地”应用副词deliberately作状语，修饰动词designed，故填deliberately。 19．（2024·河北衡水·一模）The dictionary is (尤其) useful for beginners. 【答案】particularly/especially 【详解】考查副词。句意：这本词典对初学者特别有用。根据句意可知此处是副词修饰形容词，故答案为particularly/especially。 20．（2024·陕西西安·三模）__________(如今) more and more students are addicted to computer games. 【答案】Nowadays 【详解】考查副词。句意：现如今越来越多的学生沉迷于电脑游戏。根据词义提示可知，使用副词nowadays作状语，修饰后面的句子，首字母大写。故填Nowadays。 21．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The smoke rose___________(直直地) up into the air and disappeared. 【答案】straight 【详解】考查副词。句意：烟一直升到空中，消失了。根据汉语提示可知，使用副词straight修饰动词rose作状语。故填straight。 22．（2024·陕西西安·三模）—Do you mean that we are stuck here? —__________(确实如此), my dear. 【答案】Exactly 【详解】考查副词。句意：——你的意思是我们被困在这里了？——确实如此，亲爱的。根据词义提示可知，使用副词exactly，作状语，首字母大写。故填Exactly。 23．（2024·吉林·二模）As a consequence of smoking, my father coughs ____________ (频繁). 【答案】frequently/constantly 【详解】考查副词。句意：因为吸烟，我父亲频繁地咳嗽。根据谓语动词coughs应由副词修饰，可知空处应填副词形式frequently或constantly，表示“频繁地”。故填frequently/constantly。 三、翻译 24．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）人工智能使我们得以见证一个日新月异的新时代。 (witness) (汉译英) 【答案】Artificial intelligence is enabling us to witness an ever-evolving/a constantly-changing new era/ a new era which/that changes with each passing day/a new era which/that changes quickly/rapidly. 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词、名词、定语从句、时态。表示“人工智能”用artificial intelligence，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“使某人做某事”用enable us to do sth.，结合语境可知事情正在发生，故时态用现在进行时，且主语为第三人称单数，故be动词用is。表示“我们”用us，作宾语。表示“见证”用witness，用不定式，作us的补足语。表示“日新月异的”用ever-evolving/constantly-changing，作定语，修饰“时代”。此处泛指“一个日新月异的新时代”，且ever-evolving以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an；constantly-changing以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。表示“新时代”用new era，作witness的宾语。或者表示“新月异的”用定语从句，先行词是a new era，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/wich引导，表示“变化”用change，从句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，故谓语用第三人称单数形式changes；表示“快速地”用副词quickly/rapidly，作状语，修饰changes；或者“日益，一天天”用with each passing day。故翻译为Artificial intelligence is enabling us to witness an ever-evolving/a constantly-changing new era/ a new era which/that changes with each passing day/a new era which/that changes quickly/rapidly. 25．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）他考试的时候太紧张了，完全想不起这个单词。(escape) (汉译英) 【答案】He was so nervous in/ during the exam that the word escaped him completely. 【详解】考查一般过去时，形容词，结果状语从句，介词，副词。根据汉语提示可知，此处“由于考试太紧张，以至于他完全想不起这个单词”，所以需要使用结果状语从句，so+adj.+that从句。表示“紧张的”用nervous，“在考试中”用during/in the exam；“完全想不起这个单词”意味着这个单词“逃离了他”。“单词”为word；“escape”意为逃脱，逃离；“完全地”为completely；此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故答案为He was so nervous in/ during the exam that the word escaped him completely. 26．（2024·上海松江·二模）我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(convince)(汉译英) 【答案】I’m always convinced that a person can better fight against emotional disorders when he sleeps well/adequately. 【详解】考查固定句型及动词短语。句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时。“我一直相信”可以使用固定句型，译为I’m always convinced that，“一个人”译为a person，“才能更好地抵御”译为can better fight against，“情绪紊乱”译为emotional disorders，“睡眠充足了”可以使用when引导时间状语从句，译为when he sleeps well/adequately。故翻译为I’m always convinced that a person can better fight against emotional disorders when he sleeps well/adequately. 27．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）有了无人机，救援人员就可以安全地评估灾区的受灾状况。(enable)(汉译英) 【答案】Drones enable rescue workers to assess the damage in the disaster area safely. 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语、副词和时态。无人机翻译为“drone”，位于句首首字母大写，表示无人机这一类应该为drones，enable表示“使能够”，enable sb to do sth表示“使某人能做……”，救援人员翻译为“rescue workers”，灾区翻译为“disaster area”，评估受灾状况翻译为“assess the damage”，安全地翻译为“safely”。本句为一般现在时，故翻译为Drones enable rescue workers to assess the damage in the disaster area safely。 28．（2024·上海·模拟预测）情况是在不断地变化，要使自己的思想适应新的情况，就得学习。(adapt) （汉译英） 【答案】The situation is constantly changing. To adapt your thinking to new situations, you have to learn. / Situations are changing continually, so we must study to adapt our thinking to new situations. 【详解】考查动词短语。“情况”使用名词situation，situation是可数名词，此处可表示特指，用单数形式，其前加定冠词the，“不断地”可使用副词constantly，“变化”使用动词change，句子应用现在进行时，故“情况是在不断地变化”可译为The situation is constantly changing.；“使……适应……”使用动词短语adapt...to...，“思想”使用名词thinking，“新情况”译为new situations，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故译为To adapt your thinking to new situations，“就得”使用固定短语have to“不得不，必须”，后接动词原形，“学习”使用动词learn，人称使用第二人称，综上，故本句可译为：The situation is constantly changing. To adapt your thinking to new situations, you have to learn. /“情况”使用名词situation，是可数名词，此处可用复数表示泛指，“不断地”使用副词continually，“变化”使用动词change，句子用现在进行时，故“情况是在不断地变化”可译为Situations are changing continually；“就得学习”与上文是因果关系，此可用连词so连接，使用第一人称复数we作主语，“就得”使用情态动词must，后接动词原形，“学习”可使用动词study，“要使自己的思想适应新的情况”表示目的，可译为动词不定式作目的状语，“使……适应……”使用动词短语adapt...to...，“思想”使用名词thinking，“新情况”译为new situations，所以本句可译为：Situations are changing continually, so we must study to adapt our thinking to new situations.故答案为：The situation is constantly changing. To adapt your thinking to new situations, you have to learn. / Situations are changing continually, so we must study to adapt our thinking to new situations. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$介词(讲义) 课前导入: 1.表示方位的介词 We walked across① the beach,through② the woods and finally came to③ the house which was under④the big tree marked in⑤ the map.After stepping into⑥ the house,we found a small black table,over⑦ which was a lamp.Then we looked around⑧,only to find nothing.My friend found something special—an empty box.Beneath⑨ it was a note saying,“Stand beside⑩ the window and look out of⑪ it.” From⑫ the window we saw another house beyond⑬ a small hill. [规则感悟] ①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。③to指“到某处,去某处”。④under在……下面,无接触面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(无接触面);on在……上面(有接触面)。⑧around在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside在……旁边。⑪out of向/在……外面。⑫from从……。⑬beyond 在/向……较远的一边,超出。 2.表示时间的介词 It happened on① a Saturday morning in② November,2021.My parents left home at③ 6:00 am to meet my uncle at the airport and told me they would come back in② two hours.However,it wasn’t long before④ someone knocked at the door,and I looked through the peephole and saw a stranger.I quickly locked the door from the inside,and didn’t open it until⑤ my parents came back.During⑥ the two hours,the stranger always tried to tell me something but I wouldn’t listen to him.On seeing my parents,the stranger said,“I have been waiting out of the door for⑦ two hours since 6:10 am.” Why had my uncle changed so much over⑧ the years? [规则感悟] ①on指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前,或者指上/下午或晚上;也可用在表示一段时间的词之前,表示“多久之后”。③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……时候。⑥during在……期间。⑦for表示延续一段时间。⑧over表示“在……期间”,表延续。 3.表示原因的介词 John was punished for① cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/over② it and he trembled with③ anger because of④ John’s bad behaviour. [规则感悟] ①for表示原因,后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后,后面跟代词或名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④because of/owing to/due to/thanks to之后不跟陈述句,跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。 4.其他重要介词 Between① the two opinions,I am for② the first one but against③ the second one.By④ wearing school uniforms,students can be treated equally by④ others despite⑤ the different economic backgrounds among⑥ them.Besides⑦,the price is within⑧ students’ reach.Most students except⑨ a minority of them say school uniforms are good except for⑩ the fact that they are not fashionable. [规则感悟] ①between表示“两者之间”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反对”。④by表示“借助/通过……”,也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“尽管”,等于in spite of。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(还)”。⑧within表示“在……范围之内”。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。 一、介词的省略 1.当表示时间的词前有this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all等时,介词常省略。 We watched an exciting football match last week. 上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。 Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。 2.表示时间的名词前有不定冠词,且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时,其前不用介词。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天一个苹果,医生远离我。 3.习惯搭配中介词的省略。 一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略,常见的此类搭配有spend some time (in) doing sth,waste some time (in) doing sth,have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth,be busy (in) doing sth,stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。 Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up. 弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉,虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。 二、介词不可省略的问题 1.在被动语态中,动词短语中的介词不能省略。 The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten. 这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。 2.当非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to. 这个问题很值得关注。 3.在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时,必须加上介词。 The library which we often go to is not far away from our school. 我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。 三、介词短语 1.介词与名词构成的搭配: (1)at+名词 at a loss不知所措 at the cost of以……的代价 at peace处于和平状态 at the risk of冒……的危险 at war处于战争状态 at the mercy of在……支配下;由……摆布 at the same time同时 (2)on+名词 on exhibition/show/display在展出 on account of因为 on fire着火 on average平均;一般地 on sale出售;打折 on behalf of代表 on no account/condition决不 on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation在度假 (3)by+名词 by accident/chance偶然地 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by the day按天算 by coincidence碰巧 by nature天生地 (4)in+名词 in cash用现金付款 in charge of掌管 in depth在深度上 in return作为回报 in detail详细地 in danger (of) 在危险中,垂危 in height在高度上 in spite of尽管 in length在长度上 in exchange for作为交换 in favor of支持,赞成 in no time立刻 in case of万一;如果;假使 in no way决不 in support of为支持…… in place of代替 in honour of为向……表示敬意 in possession of拥有,占有 in memory of为了纪念…… in addition to另外 (5)of+名词 of benefit有益处的 of significance有意义的 of help有帮助的 of use有用的 of importance重要的 of value有价值的 (6)out of+名词 out of balance失去平衡 out of order发生故障 out of breath上气不接下气 out of sight看不见 out of control失去控制 out of the question不可能 out of date过期 out of work失业 out of touch失去联系 (7)under+名词 under attack遭到袭击 under treatment在治疗中 under pressure在压力下 under control处于控制之中 under repair在修理中 under discussion在讨论中 (8)with+名词 with delight/joy高兴地 with fear害怕地 with difficulty困难地 with pleasure乐意地 with ease轻而易举地 (9)beyond+名词 beyond compare无与伦比 beyond description难以描述 beyond reach够不到 beyond expression/words难以表达 2.形容词与介词构成的搭配: (1)be+adj.+about be anxious about为……忧虑 be curious about对……好奇 be particular about对……讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about对……担心 (2)be+adj.+at be angry at因/对……生气 be good at擅长 be astonished at对……吃惊 be present at出席 (3)be+adj.+in be absorbed in专注于…… be active in积极于…… be dressed in穿着…… be engaged in忙于…… be rich in富含…… be occupied in忙于…… (4)be+adj.+for be eager for渴望…… be famous for因……著名 be fit for适合,胜任…… be ready for准备好…… be sorry for对……感到抱歉 be prepared for为……做好准备 (5)be+adj.+from be absent from缺席 be different from不同于 be far from远离 be free from不受……影响 (6)be+adj.+to be close to接近…… be devoted to致力于…… be equal to等于……;胜任…… be familiar to对……熟悉 be friendly to对……友好 be harmful to对……有害 be kind to对……友好 be similar to与……相似 be grateful to对……心存感激 (7)be+adj.+of be aware of意识到…… be fond of喜欢…… be proud of因……而自豪 be short of缺乏…… be critical of对……挑剔 (8)be+adj.+with be busy with忙于…… be familiar with对……熟悉 be combined with与……结合 be patient with对……有耐心 be popular with受……欢迎 be pleased with对……感到满意 be angry with (sb)对(某人)生气 3.介词与其他词构成的搭配: but for要不是 instead of代替 regardless of不管,不顾 apart from除……之外 up to直到;由……决定 according to根据 along with随着 together with连同 by means of用……办法;借助…… owing to因为 四、动词与介词构成的搭配 1.“动词+sb+of+sth”结构 accuse sb of sth指责/控告某人某事 cure sb of sth治好某人的某种疾病 rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某物 cheat sb of sth骗走某人某物 remind sb of sth使某人想起某事 inform sb of sth通知某人某事 rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物 warn sb of sth警告某人某事 convince sb of sth使某人确信某事 suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事 2.“动词+sb+for+doing sth”结构 blame sb for doing sth指责某人做某事 批评某人做某事 原谅某人做某事 punish sb for doing sth因做某事而惩罚某人 thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做某事 3.“动词+sb/sth+from+(doing) sth”结构 prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth阻止某人/物做某事 protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done保护某人/物免于被…… ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth禁止某人/物做某事 4.其他常考的动词与介词的搭配 account for 占……(比例);解释……(原因) act as 充当;起作用 break away from 脱离;逃离 bring about 引起;导致;造成 call for (去)接;需要;(公开)要求 carry out 履行;实施;执行 carry through 帮助……渡过难关;成功完成;顺利实现 come across (偶然)遇见,碰见;发现 come to an end 终止,结束 come up with 提出 do harm to 对……有害 do without 没有……也行;没有……而设法对付过去 end up with 以……结束 get across 被传达;被理解;把……讲清楚 get around 传播;流传;各处走动 get down to 开始做某事;开始认真注意(或对待)某事 get over 解决;克服;控制 get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,摆脱 get through 正式通过;(用电话)接通,联系上;顺利通过(考试等) give rise to使发生 give way to屈服;退让;让步 go against违反;与……不符 go in for参加考试(或竞赛);对某事物有兴趣,爱好 go through经历 keep in touch with与……保持联系 look down on/upon轻视;瞧不起 look into调查;审查 make the best of充分利用;尽力而为 be made up of由……组成 put up with忍受,容忍 see through看穿;识破 see to照料;处理 set about着手做 show around/round领(某人)参观 show off炫耀;展示 take in吸入;理解,领会 take on承担;呈现,具有 work out计算出;制定出 介词易错题 1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _ the coast of Bermuda Island. A. off B. along C. on D. around 2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just _ this Monday.” A. on B. since C. until D. after 3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _ floors. People in it had no way to get out. A. in B. between C. among D. on 4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain _ flood.” A. as well as B. so long as C. because of D. in case of 5. _ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job. A. Given B. Supposed C. Considered D. Concluded 6. They promise that the work would all be finished _ next week. A. until B. in C. by D. to 7. _ reading the letter, what has he done? A. Because of B. Except C. Besides D. But for 8. “How did the robber get in?” “_ an open window on the first floor.” A. Past B. From C. Over D. Through 9. She knew nothing about his journey _ he was likely to be away for three months. A. Except B. except for C. except that D. in addition 10. He usually goes to work by bike _ it rains. A .except B. except when C. except for D. except that 11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _ the hot weather. A. besides B. except for C. except D. except that 12. _ the weather, we had a pleasant time. A. Except B. Except for C. But D. Besides 13. He always did well at school _ having to do part-time jobs every now and then. A. in spite of B. instead of C. in case of D. in favor of 14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got _ the plane. A. around B. abroad C. aboard D. ahead 高考模拟试题 1.(2024 天津南开 模拟预测)The remote island was _ modern technology, making communication difficult. A.in the shape of B.beyond the reach of C.at the mercy of D.on the side of 2.(2022 天津 三模)The little boat is _ but safe, so I won’t take it. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 3.(2024 山东泰安 一模)—Is that your headmaster? —You mean the man _ blue? A.on B.with C.in D.at 4.(2024 天津河西 一模)The result is not the same _they had expected, _was rather disappointing. A.what, as B.as, that C.as, which D.that, which 5.(2024 天津南开 模拟预测)Sima Qian’s writing had a profound effect _ me, and I have this to thank for my passion _ Chinese literature. A.with, to B.on, to C.with, for D.on, for 6.(2024 山东日照 一模)Judy won the first prize in the spelling contest. She spelling 300 words in 5 minutes. A.successful in B.succeeded in C.successfully in D.success in 7.(2024 山东青岛 一模)There 5.5 magnitude (震级) earthquake Pingyuan, Shandong province August 6th, 2023. A.is a; in; in B.was a; in; on C.was an; in; on D.was an; on; in 8.(2024 山东烟台 一模)—What do you usually do at home after finishing your homework? —I have a chat_ my friend_ WeChat. A.about; on B.with; on C.on; with D.in; with 9.(2024 湖南株洲 模拟预测)Mr.Smith is friendly us. But he is very strict studies. A.for:with B.to;in C.to:with D.with:with 10.(2024 辽宁 模拟预测)But after graduation, _ my surprise, I, as an A student, could not find a job. A.in B.at C.with D.to 形容词副词(讲义) 精讲(一)形容词和副词的基本用法 课前导入: I bought an interesting① novel yesterday.The book is so interesting② that I can hardly let go of it.Worried③ about my study,my mother took it away.However,I found my mother absorbed④ in it. My mother is reading the novel attentively⑤ now and she is quite⑤ moved by it.Obviously⑥,she won’t return the book to me soon. [规则感悟] ①修饰名词,往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后,往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词+宾语”之后,形容词可以作宾补,说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首,作评论性状语,修饰整个句子。 1.形容词的构词规则 (1)名词转换为形容词的规则 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud cloudy,luck lucky,health healthy,wind windy,salt salty 词尾加-(e)d gift gifted,talent talented,experience experienced,detail detailed,age aged 词尾加-ful/-less meaning meaningful/meaningless,care careful/careless,help helpful/helpless,harm harmful/harmless,colour colourful/colourless,use useful/useless,thank thankful/thankless 词尾加-able comfort comfortable,knowledge knowledgeable,remark remarkable,fashion fashionable,reason reasonable 词尾加-ous danger dangerous,courage courageous,humor humorous 词尾变-ce为-t absence absent,confidence confident,difference different,elegance elegant,persistence persistent,significance significant 词尾(去e)加-al music musical,person personal,nation national,education educational,tradition traditional,profession professional 词尾去-e加-al或-ial agriculture agricultural,culture cultural,globe global,universe universal,virtue virtual,commerce commercial,finance financial 词尾加-ly friend friendly,week weekly,love lovely 词尾加-en wood wooden,wool woolen 词尾去-e或-y加-etic/-ic athlete athletic,energy energetic,scene scenic,economy economic, history historic 其他常见变化 habit habitual,fool foolish,pleasure pleasant/pleased,science scientific,medicine medical,day daily,influence influential,south southern 注意 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y,如:sun sunny,fun funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y,如:noise noisy,ice icy,taste tasty等。 (2)动词转换为形容词的规则 类别 例词 词前加-a live alive,wake awake,sleep asleep 词尾加-ed/-d excite excited,educate educated,relax relaxed,challenge challenged,crowd crowded,balance balanced 词尾(去e)加-ing surprise surprising,convince convincing,frighten frightening,appeal appealing,reward rewarding,invite inviting 词尾(去e)加-able accept acceptable,respect respectable,enjoy enjoyable,adjust adjustable,afford affordable,bear bearable,suit suitable,recognize recognizable 词尾(去e)加-ive/-ative/-itive act active,attract attractive,compare comparative,compete competitive,create creative,impress impressive,relate relative,select selective 注意 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y,如:sun sunny,fun funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y,如:noise noisy,ice icy,taste tasty等。 2.形容词变副词的规则 类别 例词 (1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly。 quick quickly,anxious anxiously (2)以辅音字母+e结尾的形容词直接加-ly,以元音字母+e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly。 immediate immediately,polite politely,true truly (3)以辅音字母+le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y。 possible possibly,probable probably (4)以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly。 happy happily,healthy healthily (5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。 economic economically,basic basically (6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。 full fully,dull dully 注意 下面这两个单词是特殊的形式:whole wholly public publicly 3.常见的以-ly结尾的形容词 (1)表示时间的形容词:hourly每小时的;daily 每天的;weekly 每周的;monthly 每月的;yearly 每年的;timely及时的,适时的。 (2)表示人的形容词:manly有男子气概的;womanly 女性特有的;motherly慈母般的;fatherly 慈父般的;comradely 同志般的。 (3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词:lovely可爱的;friendly 友好的;ugly 难看的;lively 活泼的;lonely 孤独的;unfriendly 不友好的;kindly 亲切的;sickly多病的;elderly 年长的。 (4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词:likely可能的;orderly 整齐的;deadly 致命的;chilly 寒冷的;disorderly 乱七八糟的;unlikely 不大可能发生的。 4.如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词 (1)-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事,表示事物的性质或特征,常译为“令人……的”。 (2)-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受,常译为“感到……的”,也可以修饰事物,多修饰smile(微笑),appearance(外貌),face(面部表情),voice(声音),look(表情),expression(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。 He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。 5.常考的连接性副词 though然而,可是;meanwhile 在此期间;therefore/thus/consequently因此,所以;moreover/furthermore而且,此外;besides而且,另外,还有;however然而;instead相反,代替;anyway/anyhow尽管,即使这样;otherwise否则。 The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead,he bought a used one. 那个年轻人买不起新车,便买了一辆二手的。 The house was too expensive and too big.Besides,I’d grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且,我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。 6.意义不同的同根副词 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 精讲(二)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 课前导入: In my family,my mother is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me,but he is twice as heavy as③ my mother,and becoming fatter and fatter④.He is quite worried because the fatter⑤ he is,the more likely⑤ he is to be ill. [规则感悟] ①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级,一般直接加-er或-est;以e结尾的直接加-r或-st;以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母;以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,将y变为i再加-er或-est;多音节词前面加more或most。 两者或两部分之间比较,多用比较级;三者或三者以上的比较,可以使用最高级。 ②比较级常常和than连用,并且可以被much,a little,a bit,even,far,still 等词修饰。 ③倍数表达法: A+谓语+倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than+B A+谓语+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级(+名词)+as+B A+谓语+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height,weight等)+of+B ④“adj./adv.比较级+and+adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。 ⑤“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,就越……”。 1.少数以-er,-ow,-y或-le结尾的双音节词,可以加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级。 clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest easy easier easiest simple simpler simplest 2.有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。 这类形容词有right(正确的),wrong(错误的),possible(可能的),empty(空的),first(第一的),wooden(木制的),final(最后的),east(东方的),last(最后的)等。 3.有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化,需牢记。 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least old older/elder oldest/eldest far farther farthest(指具体空间上) far further furthest(指抽象程度上) 4.比较级的基本用法 (1)同级比较 ①as+adj./adv.(原级)+as...“和……一样”;not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as...“不如……” Since people are fond of humour,it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else. 因为人们喜欢幽默,所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。 ②当as...as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构: as+形容词原级+a(n)+n.+as... as+many+可数名词复数+as... as+much+不可数名词+as... I’m not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累,我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 (2)比较级比较 “形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。 I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind,nothing can change it. 我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心,没有什么能够改变。 5.比较级的特殊用法 ①“more+原级+than+原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. 与其说这个女孩是受了伤,不如说是受到了惊吓。 ②“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能;……不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。 ③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词,但如果出现表示范围的短语时,就需要加定冠词。 Of the two sisters,Mary is the cleverer. 这两姐妹中,玛丽更聪明。 6.比较级形式表示最高级含义 在某个特定范围内,同类事物对比,可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。 ①比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数 ②比较级+than+the other+可数名词复数 ③比较级+than+anyone/anything else ④比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数 ⑤“否定词+比较级”也可表示最高级含义。 China is the largest country in Asia.That is,it is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。 No man is better than you in the world. 人世间没有人比你好。 I haven’t read a more interesting novel. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。 7.最高级的基本用法 (1)形容词最高级(+名词)+表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 (2)one of+形容词最高级+名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. =Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。 (3)序数词+形容词最高级+名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。 形容词副词易错点 词性转换类易混易错点 It is an ancient _ (architecture) complex with a history of more than 600 years. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, twenty-four emperors lived here ruling China for nearly 500 years. 易错分析:1.不认识单词。2.不熟悉其形容词的正确形式。3.不熟悉complex的名词意思“建筑群”。 “Hospitable Shandong” has become an _ (influence) tourism brand.易错分析:对长难单词的构词变化掌握不牢,平时学习中需要大量积累。 The treatment is based on the TCM principle, which is _ (effect) for coughs, asthma (哮喘) and other diseases. China is one of the world’s most biologically (diversity) countries. It listed the two-part Vietnamese bridge as the world’s _ (long), at 632 metres.易错分析:忽略句子的逻辑意思而单纯变为比较级或副词。 In fact, the story is much_ (complex), according to findings that Dr. Wang, now an ecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, published last month in Biological Conservation. As the weather turns warmer and air becomes _ _ (dry), it is recommended that people eat fresh vegetables and juicy fruits to keep themselves hydrated (保持水分). 易错分析:忽略形容词级别变化的特殊形式,误以为都在词尾加-er或-est。 The system sends messages to people (little) than two second after the earthquake happens. 用法类易混易错点 It has appealed to audiences of all ages, who _ (enthusiastic) recite poetry alongside the characters on screen, taking them on a fantastic journey. 易错分析:1.句子结构分析出错,修饰谓语动词应当使用副词。2.-ic结尾形容词大多加-ally。 publicly除外。 Meanwhile, they found that cancer rates were just as high in excessive consumers of artificial sweetener and excessive sugar intake may be _ (equal) associated with cancer risk, according to the authors. Besides, people around the globe can have access to Confucius ideas in Confucius Institutes and Chinese Culture Centers abroad _ (free). When it comes to sharing, one of the _ (great) gifts China gave to the world through the ancient Silk Road was the technology of making paper on an industrial scale. 易错分析:长难句导致的句子结构划分不清,从而句意理解出错,名词复数gifts前应当被形容词修饰。 高考模拟试题 一、单项选择 1.(2024 山东济南 二模)She doesn’t speak _her friend, but her handwriting is excellent. A.as well as B.so often as C.so much as D.as good as 2.(2024 山东泰安 一模)A craftsman is a man who makes things _ with his hands. A.skill B.skillful C.skillfully D.skills 3.(2024黑龙江哈尔滨 二模)Students are expected to dress _, suitable for weather conditions, and in good taste. A.accurately B.adequately C.essentially D.attractively 4.(2024 河南洛阳 二模)Don’t let the child who is _ go to school. A.so young as to B.not old enough to C.not old enough D.too young to 5.(2024 天津二模)While it is crucial to learn and grow from the disappointments, it is_ important to recognize accomplishments. A.slightly B.equally C.increasingly D.widely 6.(2024天津 一模)It is quite annoying if our close friend _ checks the cellphone and ignores our heartfelt words. A.properly B.constantly C.officially D.physically 二、单词拼写 7.(2024 江苏 模拟预测)He lifted the baby (温柔地) out of its cot (婴儿床). 8.(2024 陕西西安 一模)The report is based on a survey of over 21,000 (随机地) selected employers from July to September. 9.(2024 湖南株洲 模拟预测) (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a self-service store. 10.(2024吉林长春 模拟预测)To all the villagers’ disappointment, the rescue attempt failed (悲惨地). 11.(2024吉林长春 模拟预测)The thieves (天才) triggered the alarm and hid inside the house. 12.(2024 陕西西安 模拟预测)“You are an artist,” she said (恭敬地). 13.(2024 吉林长春 模拟预测)The police decided to investigate (进一步). 14.(2024 吉林长春 模拟预测)This course will teach you to think (创造性). 15.(2024 广东江门 一模)I thought Little Tom was in his room, but a (实际上) he was in the garden. 16.(2024 山东济南模拟预测)Luckily, his health is g (逐渐地) improving. 17.(2024 吉林长春 模拟预测)According to observers, the plane exploded (不久) after take-off. 18.(2024 吉林长春 模拟预测)The speech was (故意地) designed to embarrass the prime minister. 19.(2024 河北衡水 一模)The dictionary is (尤其) useful for beginners. 20.(2024 陕西西安 三模)_(如今) more and more students are addicted to computer games. 21.(2024 陕西西安 三模)The smoke rose_(直直地) up into the air and disappeared. 22.(2024 陕西西安 三模)—Do you mean that we are stuck here? —_(确实如此), my dear. 23.(2024 吉林 二模)As a consequence of smoking, my father coughs _ (频繁). 三、翻译 24.(2024 上海徐汇 二模)人工智能使我们得以见证一个日新月异的新时代。 (witness) (汉译英) 25.(2024 上海浦东新 二模)他考试的时候太紧张了,完全想不起这个单词。(escape) (汉译英) 26.(2024 上海松江 二模)我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(convince)(汉译英) 27.(2024 上海浦东新 二模)有了无人机,救援人员就可以安全地评估灾区的受灾状况。(enable)(汉译英) 28.(2024 上海 模拟预测)情况是在不断地变化,要使自己的思想适应新的情况,就得学习。(adapt) (汉译英) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$