新概念英语第三册非谓语动词练习课件

非谓语动词 非谓语动词 动词不定式 to do 动词-ed 过去分词 动词 -ing 现在分词 -ing 动名词 Review:What is 谓语? 主+谓 I laugh. 主+谓+宾 I answered the question. 主+谓+表 I am a student. Is it correct? Tom was lost in thought, Tom almost ran into the car in front of him. Note:逗号不能连接两个句子 How to correct? Tom was lost in thought. Tom almost ran into the car in front of him. Tom was lost in thought, so Tom almost ran into the car in front of him. 连词可以连接两个句子 How to correct? Being lost in thought, Tom almost ran into the car in front of him. Note:一个句子有且只能有一个谓语动词,如果出现多个动词,第二个动词起需要变成非谓语动词。 1. 谓语动词:在在句子中担任谓语的动词 2. 非谓语动词:是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件: 一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 概述 动词不定式 to do 一、基本构成:由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式:to do sth 否定式:not to do sth. 被动式:to be done 完成式:to have done 二、动词不定式的句法作用法 动词不定式 To do that sort of thing is foolish。 I want to see you this evening All you have to do is to finish it quickly. We found a house to live in. She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 (1)作主语 不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe. Not to get there in time is your fault. 注:常用it做形式主语,将to do放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。 头重脚轻 It is your fault not to get there in time. 句型1:It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour to get there by bus. 句型2:It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty to help the poor. It is a great enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains. 句型3:It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. It is + adj + for sb to do sth (用来形容人的品质的) (用来形容事物的性质的) It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is + adj + of sb to do sth It is very kind of you to give me some help. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. (2)作宾语 I want to know this matter. I don’t expect to meet you here. 1) 接不定式做宾语 1. They wanted ( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? 2. He said he wished ( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. My daughter preferred ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He had promised ( give ) me a hand. to get to be to go to dance to give 2) 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… know, show, discover, see(understand) He taught us how to use the tool. =He taught us how we can use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. =No one could tell me where I can get the book. I hope you’ll advise me what to do. =I hope you’ll advise me what I can do. (相当于宾语从句的省略) (3) it作形式宾语 I feel that to work with him is interesting. I feel it interesting to work with him. 注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。 结构:主语+ find/think/feel/make/consider… it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.Do you consider _ better not go? 2. I feel my duty change all that. 3.We think important obey the law. 4.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day. it to it to it to it to (4) 不定式作状语 表示目的、原因、结果或条件 I came here to see you. We were very excited to hear the news. He hurried to the school to find nobody there. To have finished my homework, I would have more time to play. (目的) (原因) (结果) (条件) only + 不定式 含义:only+不定式这一结构表示一种出乎意料或非主观希望的结果,该结构常常用逗号与前面的句子隔开。 意为“不料……; 反而……; 想不到……; 结果却……” He hurried to that house, only to be told that the party was cancelled. He ran to the station, only to find the train had left. 不带to的不定式 1. 使役动词:have, let make等动词后,不定式作宾补时不用to She won’t let her poor son suffer like this. He made a face and made everybody laugh. 2. 感官动词及词组:feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch等动词后,不定式作宾补时不用to I heard him sing a song. 不定式的时态 一、不定式的一般式 to+动词原形,所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的 She was seen to enter the hall. (was seen与to enter两个动作同时发生) 二、不定式的进行式 to be+动词-ing,所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的,而且正在进行着 They seem to be having a meeting. He is said to be studying in New York. 三、不定式的完成式 to have+过去分词,表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 He is said to have left Shanghai. She seems to have read the book before. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 2.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told D B 3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects B 4.A number of paintings in the castle are believed _in a fire. A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed D 动名词 动名词由动词+ing构成,兼有动词的特征和名词的功能,可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 动名词的基本构成: 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定形式:not+动名词 ② 用形式主语it,把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾。 Asking her advice is no use. = It (形式主语)is no use asking her advice (真正主语). Learning without practice is no good. = It is no good learning without practice. 二、动名词作宾语 ①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有 避免错过少延期 avoid, miss, put off, delay 建议完成多练习 suggest, finish, practice 喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy, imagine, can't help 承认否定与妒忌 admit, deny, envy 逃避冒险莫原谅 escape, risk, excuse 忍受保持感介意 stand, keep, appreciate, mind 二、动名词作宾语 有些动词既能以不定式作宾语,又能以动名词作宾语,但意思不同。 Note:to do表未做,doing表做过 If I had remembered to close the window, the thief would not have got in. (记得要去做某事) I remembered seeing her once somewhere. (记得曾经做过某事) prefer…..to….. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in can`t help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) 作介词/短语动词的宾语: 主语 + 谓语 + 介词+ doing e.g. ①She sat there without speaking. ②I look forward to seeing him again. ③Are you used to living there alone? 注意: 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义: (1)当need, want, require意为“需要”,且前面的主语时指物的名词或代词时,其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示被动意义。deserve也有这种用法: Your shirts needs . 你的衬衣需要洗一洗。 This house requires . 这个房子需要整修。 washing/to be washed repairing/to be repaired 动名词的时态 一、动名词的一般式 动词原形+-ing, 所表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 Children enjoy reading story books. (enjoy 与reading同时发生) 二、动名词的完成式 having+过去分词, 所表示的动作通常在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。 He accused me of having broken my word. I regret having told her the news. 2. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done The library needs _, but it’ll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned A D 3. I can’t imagine_ with such a famous author. A. work B. to work C. be working D. working D 分词 含义:分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式,它有两种形式:现在分词和过去分词。 现在分词:动词-ing 过去分词:动词-ed 分词的作用: 一、作定语:分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置定语。 现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词,放在被修饰的名词前;如果是短语,放就放在被修饰的名词之后。 前置定语: Be quiet. There’s a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 后置定语: The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. The bridge built last month needs repairing. 二、作表语: 分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如: She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令从鼓舞。 三、作宾语补足语 He heard the wind blowing outside. I had my computer repaired yesterday. 四、作状语 现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别: Seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. Seen from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成 Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. = When they heard the bad new, … Given more time, we could do it better. = If we had been given more time, … 现在分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成 分词作状语,相当于状语从句的省略 现在分词时态 一、现在分词的一般式:动词原形+-ing Someone saw him entering the room from the back door at that time. 二、现在分词的完成式:having+过去分词 Having finished his speech, he answered our questions. The person having experienced difficulties of life will not be discouraged easily. 现在分词的完成被动式:having been+过去分词 Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work. Having been told many times, she still couldn’t understand it. 1. the house on fire, he dialed 119. A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen 2. a post office, I stopped some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy B B 3. a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon. A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given 4. a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly. A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given B A 5.The child sat in the dentist‘s chair . A. tremble B. trembling C. trembled D. to trembled 6. many times, he still couldn’t understand. A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. telling B A Summary doing:表主动、表进行 done:表被动、表完成 to do:表目的、表将来 独立主格结构 The machine was fixed. The worker found that he could work smoothly. 如何合并为一句话? The machine fixed, the worker found that he could work smoothly. 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 特点:1. 与句子的主语不同,它独立存在; 2. 位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句中或句尾; 3. 一般用逗号与句子分开,但与句子之间不适用任何连接词。 Given more time, we could do it better. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. 1.独立主格结构的形式: (1)名词 / 代词 + 不定式 So much work to do, I will have to work this Sunday. (2) 名词 / 代词 + 现在分词 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. (3) 名词 / 代词 + 过去分词 Nothing given, we can’t finish the job on time. (4) 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 The teacher entered the classroom, book in hand. (5) 名词 / 代词 + 形容词/副词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. (6) There being + 名词 / 代词 There being nothing else to do, we went home. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 二、with + 复合宾语结构 这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。 在这种结构中,with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语,其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的,可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时,with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。 二、with + 复合宾语结构 常用结构:with+宾语+宾补 With so many tasks to complete, I can not spare a minute. With night falling, they stopped playing outside and went home. With her glasses broken, she was unable to see the people five meters away clearly.