2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级上册 综合复习 比较级讲义

八年级上册 综合复习 语法 形容词和副词的比较级 I. 形容词和副词： 1.形容词（adj）的功能作表语或定语 be+adj ( be beautiful ) adj+n. ( a good teacher) 2.副词（adv）的功能作状语 v.+adv ( study hard) adv+adj/adv (very good, very well) II.原级的用法: 1. 同级比较： 1) A +谓v.+ as+adj./adv原级+as B A 和B 一样… 2) A... not as/so+原级+as B A 不如（没有）B… a. Jim is 10 years old. Lisa is 10 years old, too. =Jim is as old as Lisa. b.This room is not as big as that one. c. He doesn’t run as/ so fast as me. 2.修饰adj./ adv. 原级的词： very, quite, too, really, so, such, enough(足够的) eg: He is so/ quite/ very healthy. III. 比较级的用法: 1.比较级构成 1）规则变化 ①一般的加er: tall-taller young-younger ②e结尾的加r: nice-nicer late-later ③变y为i加er: busy-busier heavy-heavier ④双写末尾辅音字母再加er: big-bigger thin-thinner (热湿大胖子，悲伤红瘦子) ⑤部分双音节和多音节词在原级前加more: beautiful---more beautiful 　tired---more tired（分词形容词） 2）不规则变化P114 good /well---better---best bad /ill /badly---worse---worst many /much---more---most little---less---least far---farther /further---farthest / furthest old---older /elder---oldest /eldest 2. 比较级的基本用法 1) A+谓语v.+adj./ adv比较级+than + B(宾格/ 主格+be/助/情) A比B 更… He is shorter than me. Tom is more serious than his sister (is). Mary runs faster than her. 2)A+谓v.+ less +adj./adv.原级(多音节词)+than B. “A 不如B…” a.英语没有数学困难。 English is not as difficult as math. =English is less difficult than math. =English is easier than math. = Math is more difficult than English. b.Mike finishes homework less quickly than Jane. = Mike doesn’t finish homework as quickly as Jane. = Jane finishes homework more quickly than Mike. Who/Which + 谓v. +比较级，A or B? 谁/ 哪一个更…，是A 还是B？ a. Who works harder, Lily or Lucy? b.Which city is more beautiful, Chongqing or Chengdu? 1. 比较级前常用much, a lot, a little, even（甚至）等修饰。 He is much fatter than me. Today is even colder than yesterday. 2. 比较级的特殊用法： 1）比较级+and+比较级(单音节) “越来越…” more and more+原级(多音节) a. When summer comes, the day gets longer and longer. b. Our country gets more and more beautiful. 2) the+比较级，the+比较级 “越…，越…” a. The more, the better. 越多越好。 b. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越仔细，犯的错越少。 c. The less you eat, the thinner you will be. 3）the+比较级+of the (two/twins/parents) 两者中较…（那一个） a. He is the taller of the twins. b.My mother is the busier of my parents. 5. 注意事项: 1) 比较对象要一致 a. His hair is longer than mine. =He has longer hair than me. a. My bag is heavier than Tom’s. b. Swimming is more popular than running. 2) 根据语境用比较级 a. This book is too expensive for me. Please give me a cheaper one. b. --Are you feeling a little better?--Yes, I’m fine now. 3) 在比较级than句型中，当后一比较对象重复时，用that代不可数名词或单数名词，用those代复数名词。 a.The weather in Chongqing is hotter than that in Beijing. b.The bike in this shop is cheaper than that in that shop. c.The pictures on the wall are more beautiful than those on the desk. 巩固练习 一、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. My twin brother is _____________ (outgoing) than me. 2. I think I am _______________ (good) at English than my friend, Kate. 3. Huang Bo is much ____________ (funny) than Huang Lei. 4. Yao Ming is very ___________ (tall). 5. Pizza is _________________ (delicious) than hamburgers. 6. Which animal is ___________ (heavy), the elephant or the tiger? 7. This year red isn’t as ____________ (popular) as blue. 8. Does he run ____________ (fast) than his brother? 9. It was __________ yesterday. But it’s even ___________ today. (cold) 10. The shirt is too big. Could you give me a ________ (small) one? 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. That boy looks as _________ as a basketball player.  A. strong      B. stronger     C. more  stronger   D. more strong ( ) 2. Then Summer Palace is ___________ than Zhong Shan park. A. biger     B. more big     C. the biggest      D. bigger ( ) 3. Which do you like _____, apples or oranges? A. good     B. better    C. best     D. well ( ) 4. I’m  sure that Mary can sing ________ Ann.  A. as well as    B. as good as    C. as better as     D. so good as ( ) 5. I study very________. My friend Lily studies _________ than me. A. hard, hard  B. harder, harder    C. hard, harder    D. harder, hard ( ) 6. I think your bike is nicer than _________. A. me   B. mine   C. he    D. him ( ) 7. Uncle Tom is not so ________at sports as Uncle Bill. A. good    B. better    C. well     D. much better ( ) 8. —Oh, the food is bad.   —I think so. And the service(服务) is even ______.  A. bad      B.  bader    C. worse      D. badder ( ) 9. Lesson 2 is ___________ than Lesson1. Many of us can’t understand it. A. difficult     B.  difficulter    C. much difficult  D. much more difficult ( ) 10. I have ______ apples and ______milk than you. A. many, little    B. more, less    C. few, less       D. many, less 三、句型转换  1. Mike is 12 years old. Sam is 10 years old. （合并为一句） Mike is _______ ________ Sam. = Sam is ________ __________ Mike. 2. Mr. Li is 1.75 meters tall. Mr. Liu is 1.78 meters tall, too. （合并为一句） Mr .Li is ______ _________ ________ Mr. Liu. 3. I have shorter hair than Lucy. （同义句） My hair is _________ than __________ . 4. Renming Park is more beautiful than Central Park. （同义句） =Central Park _______ ______ _________ ________ Renming Park. = Central Park is ________ ___________ than Renming Park. 5. He is more hard-working than me. （同义句） He ________ ________ than me. 1. both 两者（都）… 1)用在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词 之前。  a. We should both thank Tom.  我们两个都应该感谢汤姆 b. We are both students.我们两个都是学生 2) both of the/one’s +复数名词 / 代词（宾格）， a. 她的两个孩子都是蓝眼睛。 Both of her children have blue eyes. b. Both of them are good at math. 3) both + 复数名词，意为“两者的，双方的”两本书都很贵。Both books are expensive.  4) both表示 “两者都…”，  all 表示“（三者或三者以上的人/物）都…”  a. Look at the twins. They are both from the USA. b. Where are your classmates , Kate? They are all in the library. 5) both...and...“…和..，谓语用复数。 It’s 6:00. Both Lucy and Lily are having supper. 2. work hard 动词短语，努力工作/学习 hard work 名词短语，艰苦的工作 hard-working adj. 工作努力的，辛勤的  a. 他努力学习英语，他是一个勤奋的好学生。  He works hard at English and he is a hard-working student.  b. 我们的成功来自于我们艰苦的工作。 Our success is from our hard work. 3. quietly adv. 轻声地, 反义词 loudly do sth. quietly 静静地做… quiet adj. keep/ be quiet 保持安静 温馨提示：形容词加ly构成副词，类似的有： loud—loudly, clear---clearly, true--truly a. He walks quietly into a quiet room. b. Someone is knocking at the door loudly. c. The song doesn’t have clear words, so we can’t hear it clearly 4. which 疑问代词“哪一个/些”，既指人又指物， 对后置定语提问。 a. Which is more interesting, Class 13 or Class 30? b. Which subject do you like better, PE. or music? c. The boy under the tree is Tom. Which boy is Tom? c. The girl in red is his sister. Which girl is his sister? 5. win v. 赢，获胜　 (过）won winner cn. 获胜者 win the game / match / the hat a. They won the football match last night. So they were the winners. 巩固练习题 I. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Larry is __________ (friendly) than her sister. 2. Jack is ________________(hard-working) than Jenny in science, so he is__________ (good) at it. 3. The baby is sleeping. Please walk into the room __________(quiet). 4. My mother gets up ____________ (early) than my father. 5. Lucy’s apple is___________ (big) than Lily’s. 6. He is a little __________ (thin) than me, but he is as _______(strong) as me. 7. Nick is much________________ (fun) than Tim. 8. The weather of this winter is ____________ (bad) than _________(those) of last winter. 9. Watching TV is _______________ (interesting) than ______________ (play) football. 10. He _________the basketball match yesterday. He was the __________ (win). II. 单项选择 ( ) 1. I love the girl ______ long hair. She is kind and beautiful. A. at B. for C. to D. with ( ) 2. Does Tara dance as _____ as Julie? A. good B. well C. better D. worse ( ) 3. We both like sports, _______ he does better than I. A. until B. so C. or D. but ( ) 4. I think this bag is nicer than ___________. A. you B. them C. her D. yours ( ) 5. My sister is ________ than me. She likes talking and making friends. A. quieter B. thinner C. more outgoing D. heavier ( ) 6. —Do you think March is ______ than January? —Yes, it’s _______ warmer. A. worse; very B. well; much C. better; a little D. nicer; little ( )7. It’s too noisy in the museum, so we can’t hear what the guide said________. A. clearly B. quietly C. loudly D. heavily ( ) 8. Look! Betty’s dress is beautiful, but my dress is _______ more beautiful than _______! A. very; her B. much; hers C. very; hers D. much; her ( ) 9. The apples on the table are more delicious than ______ in the box. A. that B. those C. \ D. them ( )10. _______he is tired, he still keeps working. A. But B. Though C. Because D. So III. 完成句子 1. Tom is thin. Jim is thinner .(合并一句) Tom is __________ __________Jim. Jim is ___________ _________ Tom. 2. Lily is hard-working. Lucy is hard-working, too. (合并为一句) _________ Lily _________ Lucy are hard-working. 3. I speak more quietly than Jane. (同义句转换) Jane _________ ________ _________ than I. 4. They both have big eyes. (同义句) ________ of ________ have big eyes. 5. My sister is better at studying than I. (同义句) I am ___________ ___________ good at studying __________ my sister. 6. The boy with short hair is Bob. (对划线部分提问) __________ __________ is Bob? 7. 谁更聪明，你的妈妈还是你的爸爸？ Who is _________, your mother ______ your father? IV. 完形填空 There is nobody in the world the same 1 you. You are unique (独特唯一的)! Everybody is 2 from everyone else. That is good! 3 it makes the world (世界) an interesting place. There are people taller 4 you, and shorter than you. Maybe your hair is the same color as your friend's hair, but maybe it is longer than 5 . Another difference is your hair may be straight, hers may be curly. I am sure you have some friends who are 6 than you. And you also have some friends, they are as 7 at sports as you. But there are also people around you who are not good at some things. 8 does your best friend look like? Do you both 9 to finish your homework at school? Do you both want to wear the same clothes every day? I think 10 some ways you are the same, but in many other ways you are different. So say loudly to the world, "I am who I am-I'm unique!" ( ) 1. A. with B. as C. of D. from ( ) 2. A. better B. different C. smart D. good ( ) 3. A. Because B. But C. or D. Although ( ) 4. A. after B. than C. then D. in front of ( ) 5. A. her B. herself C. hers D. she ( ) 6. A. smart B. smarter C. more smarter D. a smart ( ) 7. A. bad B. better C. well D. good ( ) 8. A. Where B. What C. How D. How often ( ) 9. A. like B. would like C. enjoy D. break ( ) 10. A. through B. by C. in D. on V. 短文填词 People from all over the world enjoy sports. Playing sports helps people to keep in good 1 . People play 2 sports in different seasons. For example, people like to 3 in summer and go skating in winter. Some sports are very popular, such 4 ping-pong and basketball. In China, men and women, boys and girls 5 like to play ping-pong and basketball. People also enjoy 6 the ping-pong and basketball games. If two men like to watch the 7 sports program, they may become good friends. 8 you want to be healthy, you must do sports every day. 1. ___________ 2. ____________ 3. ___________ 4. ____________ 5. ___________ 6. ____________ 7. ___________ 8. ____________ 1. care v. /n. careful adj. 仔细的 carefully adv.仔细地 1) care about 担心，关心，在乎 2) care for 照顾，照看 3) 作名词表示 “注意” “小心” “关心” take (good) care of sb. 照顾，照料(好)某人 = look after sb. (well) = care for sb.(well) a. Tom listens to his teacher carefully in class. b. Do you care about your future(将来)？ c. We must take good care of our children. 4. truly adv. 真正的 truth n. 真相 true adj. 真实的，正确的 come true实现 to tell the truth 说实话 a. To tell the truth, this movie is boring. b. It’s true that TF boys came to our school yesterday. 3. necessary adj. It’s necessary (for sb.) to do （对某人来说）做...是必要的。 a. It’s necessary for her to study English well. b. It's not necessary for you to finish this work today. 4. serious adj. 严肃的； seriously adv. 认真地 1) nothing serious 没什么大不了的 2) be serious about sb./ sth. =take sb/sth. seriously 认真对待某人/某事 a. —What's wrong with your leg？ —Nothing serious. b. My father is a serious man, he is serious about everything. c. Bob, can you take your homework seriously ? 5. make v. made 1) make sb sth= make sth for sb 为某人制造某物 2) make sb/ sth+ adj. 使某人/某物... 3) make sb/ sth do sth 使某人/某物做某事 a. Mother made Jack a big cake on his birthday. = Mother made a big cake for Jack on his birthday. b. He often makes his mother angry. c. Who made the baby cry? 6. as long as 1)与...一样长（久） 2)只要= so long as a. Is this ruler as long as yours? b. 只要不下雨，我们就可以去踢球。 As long as it doesn’t rain, we will play soccer. 7. grade n. 1) get good grades 取得好的成绩 2) Grade Eight 八年级 a. Lucy studied hard these days, because she wanted to get good grades in the next test. b. —Which grade are you in? —I’m in Grade One Class Three. 8. heart n. 1) lose (one’s) heart 灰心 2) touch one’s heart 触动某人的心灵 3) put one’s heart into doing 致力于做... a. Never lose (your) heart because of the failure(失败). b. This book touches all the students’ heart. c. Yuang Longping puts his heart into studying rice all his life time. 9. 1) that’s why “那就是...的原因”后接事情发生的结果 2) that's because“那是因为”后接事情发生的原因 a. He got up late. That's why she missed the first bus. b. She missed the first bus. That’s because she got up late. 10. reach v. 1) reach sp = arrive in/at sp= get to sp到达某地 reach home/ here/there 到家/那儿/这儿 2) 伸手 vi. reach for... 伸手够… a. He got to/ arrived in /reached China yesterday. b.The teacher reached here at 10 p.m. because of the heavy rain. c. The ball is on the top of the tree, the little girl can’t reach for it. (伸手够到) 11. touch v. 1) touch sth 触碰某物 2) keep/ be in touch with sb 和某人保持联系 3) touch one’s heart 触动某人的心灵 a. Don't touch the broken dish! It’s dangerous. b. Are you still in touch with your Chinese teacher in primary school? c. The movie touched the girl’s heart. 12. should 情态动词 “应该；可以” 否定：shouldn’t “不应该” 表示劝告，建议 a. You should follow your father’s advice. (表建议) b. You shouldn’t do like that. 你不应该那样做的 13. break v.（使）破，裂，损坏 （过）broke broken adj. 破碎的；骨折的 a. He broke his left leg. b. My watch is broken. = My watch isn’t working. 14. share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 be similar to ... ...相似 bring out 使...显现，使...表现出 巩固练习题 I. 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Li Ping is a little_________________ than me. (outgoing) 2. Which is ________________ in China, tea or coffee? (popular) 3. Liu Long sings a lot _________ than her sister, but she dances as __________ as him. (good) 4. He is not so ___________ (funny) as the other students in his class. 5. His mother often makes him_______________ (clean) his room on weekends. 6. There is ___________ (many) more snow in winter than last year. 7. Watching TV is____________ (interesting) than ___________ (do) housework. 8. My hair is even______________ ( short) than ___________ (she). 9. Kim was so_______ (ill) yesterday. His brother felt even_______ (ill) than him. 10. A true friend ___________ (reach)for your hand and __________ (touch)your heart. II. 单项选择 ( ) 1. He has a friend who talks ________ and do _______ than him . A. less, more B. little, more C. more, little D. much, less ( ) 2. They ________ students. They ________ to watch TV. A. are both, like both B. both are, both like C. are both, both like D. both are, like both ( ) 3. The building is ______than that one. A. more tall B. not tall C. much taller D. many taller ( ) 4. For my friend, I like doing the same thing ______. A. like him B. like he does C. as he does D. as he is ( ) 5. — When did you_____ Chongqing? — I __________three hours ago. A. arrived, got B. reach, reached C. get to, arrived D. arrive in, reach ( ) 6. No one can make us ______ quiet because we are very excited. A. keep B. to keep C. kept D. keeping ( ) 7. Tina is ______ of the twins. ______ she does her homework ______. A. the more carefully; That’s why; better B. more careful; That’s because; better C. the more careful; That’s why; better D. more carefully; That’s why; better ( ) 8 I think you should sing _________than you_________ two years ago. A. clearly, do B. more clearly, are C. clearer, does D. more clearly, did ( ) 9. My parents ____ doctors. They and I ____ watching TV. A. both are, all like B. are both, all like C. are all, all like D. are both, both like ( ) 10. Just now Bob ______ his mother’s glasses. That ______ his mother ________ with him. A. broke; let; angry B. broke; made; angry C. broke; made; strict D. broke; lets; strict ( ) 11. —The apple pies here taste _______ than those from anywhere else. —Yes. But it will be better if they are______. A. more delicious; more expensive B. less delicious; more expensive C. more delicious; less expensive D. less delicious; less expensive ( ) 12. The T-shirt is too ______ for me ,please give me a ______ one. A. bigger; small B. big; small C. bigger; smaller D. big; smaller III. 完成句子 1. My mother is a teacher. My father is a teacher, too. (同义句) ________ of my ________ are teachers. 2. Jane is different from Laura.(同义句) Jane isn’t _________ _________ _________ Laura. 3. Lucy doesn’t sing as well as Lily. (同义句) Lily __________ ___________ __________ Lucy. 4. He is serious. His sister is more serious. (变同义句) He is _________ _________ _________ his sister. 5. This math problem is more difficult than that one. (变同义句) This math problem ________ ________ ________ ________ that one. 6.只要你说实话，我们就会帮助你。 ________ ________ ________ you tell the truth, we’ll help you. 7. Larry isn’t the same as her friend. (同义句) Larry is_______ _______ her friend. 8. My mother is more serious than my father. (同义句） My father is ________ serious _________ my mother. =My father isn’t ________ serious _________ my mother. 9. My friend likes fruit. I like fruit, too.(合并为一句) _______ my friend _______ I ________ fruit. IV. 阅读理解 Jump Rope (绳) for Heart (心脏) is a healthy heart program in Australia. It started in 1983. Now it’s one of Australia’s popular activities in schools. Each year over 400,000 students in over 2,000 schools take part in it. There children jump rope to help their hearts. They jump rope to help other children’s hearts, too. People give money when the children jump rope. The money helps doctors find new ways to help people with unhealthy hearts. How can you keep your heart healthy? Doctors say exercise is good for your heart. Exercise helps keep the heart strong and healthy. Your heart has important work to do. Here are some ways you can help your heart. * Get a lot of exercise. Run, jump or dance! * Visit the doctor. Get a check-up (检查) once a year. * Get a lot of sleep. Your body needs to relax. * Eat healthy foods. Eat lots of fruit and vegetables every day. Take part in this fun activity! You can learn about your heart and raise(筹集) money to help others. ( ) 1. Jump Rope for Heart has a history of ______ years. A. 27 B. 29 C. 31 D. 36 ( ) 2. What does the writer mean by saying “They jump rope to help other children’s hearts, too”? A. They teach others rope jumping B. They jump rope with other children C. They raise money for other children D. They give money to other children ( ) 3. According to the passage, we can keep our hearts healthy in ______ ways. A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven ( ) 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage? A. About 2,000 students take part in Jump Rope for Heart every year. B. Eating fruit and vegetables can help our hearts. C. Children should jump rope once a year to keep their hearts healthy. D. Doing a lot of exercise is bad for our hearts. ( ) 5. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Your important part—heart. B. New ways to help people’s hearts. C. Healthy foods make healthy hearts. D. Children jump rope for healthy hearts. V. 短文填词 My best friend Lisa is quite different from me. She is a great girl. She is more hard-working in study than I, so she always gets better 1 . I’m shyer than most kids, that’s 2 it’s not easy for me to make friends. But she often says to me, “try to talk with others more, then you’ll be more 3 .” She helps me to bring out the best in me. When I do 4 bad, She never laughs at me. She also truly 5 about my health. When I came into Bachuan Middle School, I 6 very short. However, she takes exercise with me every day, I’m 7 taller than before. I love my friend Lisa, though someone says, “a good friend is 8 a mirror”. In my eyes, I don’t care if my friends are the same or different as long as they are good. 1. ___________ 2. ____________ 3. ___________ 4. ____________ 5. ___________ 6. ____________ 7. ___________ 8. ____________ 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$