Word and Expression 词汇讲义 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 人教版2019高中英语 2024-2025学年高二同步一线课堂 教师版+学生版 7-1-1

Word and Expression词汇讲义 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 人教版高中英语2024-2025学年高二同步一线课堂 英语24字整体教学 超前集中 教师版 7-1-1 目 录 第一节 认识与记忆 · 逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读 · 默写词汇 英译汉 · 默写词汇 汉译英 · 发音规则——辅音连缀 第二节 透析与拓展 · 重点精讲 例析拓展 · 核心单词 · 核心词块 第三节 应用与提升 · 分类默写 精准记忆 · 识单词英汉相互匹配 · 词汇拓展 · 核心词块匹配 · 重点句型 · 语境实战 翻译提升 第一节 认识与记忆 · 逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读 （“逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读”是一种有效的高中英语词汇记忆策略。在词汇学习过程中，我们提出“一目四项”的策略，即每次学习一个单词时，我们专注于四个方面：单词拼写、音标、基本词义及词性。这种方法能帮助学习者全面地把握一个单词的各个方面，提高词汇记忆的效率和准确性。通过疯狂诵读，强化记忆） · 单元词汇 fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 小说；虚构的事 science fiction /informal sci-fi/ [abbr. SF] 科幻小说（或影片等） test out 检验；测试 bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 意外收获；奖金；红利 more like 更像是；更接近 ridiculous/rɪˈdɪkjələs/ adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 integrity/ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 诚实正直；完整；完好 dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ n. 庄重；庄严；尊严 salary /ˈsæləri/ n. 薪水；薪金 absurd /əbˈsɜːd/ adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的 appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 预约；约会；委任 nail /neɪl/ n. 指甲；趾甲；钉子vt. （用钉子）钉牢；固定 saleswoman /ˈseɪlzwʊmən/ n. 女售货员；女推销员 guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 suspend /səˈspend/vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 ladder /ˈlædə(r)/ n. 梯子；阶梯 dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/vt. 表明；宣称；公布 whereas /ˌweərˈæz/ conj. 然而；但是；尽管 rumour /ˈruːmə(r)/ n. 谣言；传闻 presume / prɪˈzjuːm；NAmE -'zuːm/vt. & vi. 假设；假定 fare /feə(r)/ n. 车费；船费；飞机票价 weekly /ˈwiːkli/ adj. 每周的 n. 周刊 on a . . . basis根据；以……的方式（基准） calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/vt. 计算；核算；预测 chairwoman /ˈtʃeəwʊmən/ n. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长 gramme [ NAmEɡram] /ɡræm/ n. 克（重量单位） flour /ˈflaʊə(r)/ n. 面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉 venue /ˈvenjuː/ n. 活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等） salesman /ˈseɪlzmən/ n. 售货员；推销员 alien /ˈeɪliən/ n. 外星人（生物）；外国人 adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的 pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 blurred /blɜːd/ adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)； sjuː-/ adj. 更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的 superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹 take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 inaction /ɪnˈækʃn/ n. 无行动；不采取措施 conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n. 劳动（者）；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作 leather /ˈleðə(r)/ n. 皮革；[pl. ]皮衣；皮外套 lever / ˈliːvə(r)；NAmE ˈlevər / n. 操纵杆；杠杆 panel /ˈpænl/ n. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 inch /ɪntʃ/ n. 英寸（长度单位，等于2. 54厘米） backwards /ˈbækwədz/ [NAmE backward] adv. 向后；倒着；往回 grip /ɡrɪp/vt. & vi. 紧握；抓紧 hazy /ˈheɪzi/ adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 niece /niːs/ n. 侄女；外甥女 fetch /fetʃ/vt. （去）拿来；（去）请来 handkerchief /ˈhæŋkətʃɪf / n. 手帕；纸巾 lamp /læmp/ n. 灯；台灯 turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 pace /ˈpeɪs/ n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 fall away （逐渐）减少；消失 division /dɪˈvɪʒn/ n. 分开；分隔；差异；除（法） puff /pʌf/ n. （烟、气等的）一缕；少量；喘息 urge /ɜːdʒ/ n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐 have anurge to有强烈的欲望做某事 random /ˈrændəm/ adj. 随机的；不可思议的 maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 explode /ikˈspləʊd/ vi. & vt. 爆炸；爆破 jolt /dʒəʊlt/ n. 震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt. & vi. （使）震动；摇晃 flip /flɪp/vt. & vi. （使）快速翻转；（用手指）轻抛 stun /stʌn/vt. 使震惊，使昏迷 mud /mʌd/ n. 泥；泥浆 overstatement /ˈəʊvəsteɪtmənt/ n. 夸大；夸张 Isaac Asimov /aizək æzimɒf/ 艾萨克・阿西莫夫 Larry Belmont / 'læri belmɒnt/ 拉里・贝尔蒙特 Claire /kleəs(r)/ 克莱尔 Gladys Claffern /'glædis klæfən/ 格拉迪丝・克拉芬 Braille (also braille) /breil/ 布拉耶盲文（凸点符号） The Three- Body Problem《三体》 Hugo /hjugəu/ Award 雨果奖 · 写词汇 英译汉 英文 汉义 1. fiction n. 2. science fiction [informal sci-fi] [abbr. SF] 3. test out 4. bonus n. 5. more like 6. ridiculous adj. 7. integrity n. 8. dignity n. 9. salary n. 10. absurd adj. 11. appointment n. 12. nail n. vt. 13. saleswoman n. 14. guilty adj. 15. suspend vt. 16. ladder n. 17. dismiss vt. 18. declare vt. 19. whereas conj. 20. rumour n. 21. presume vt. & vi. 22. fare n. 23. weekly adj. n. 24. on a . . . basis 25. calculate vt. 26. chairwoman n. 27. gramme [ NAmE ɡram] n. 28. flour n. 29. venue n. 30. salesman n. 31. alien n. adj. 32. pros and cons 33. blurred adj. 34. superior adj. 35. superior to 36. take over 37. inaction n. 38. conflict with 39. labour n. vi. 40. leather n. [pl. ] 41. lever n. 42. panel n. 43. inch n. 44. backwards [NAmE backward] adv. 45. grip vt. &vi. 46. hazy adj. 47. niece n. 48. fetch vt. 49. handkerchief n. 50. lamp n. 51. turn out 52. pace n. vt. &vi. 53. fall away 54. division n. 55. puff n. 56. urge n. vt. 57. have an urge to 58. random adj. 59. maximum adj. n. 60. explode vi. & vt. 61. jolt n . vt. & vi. ; 62. flip vt. & vi. 63. stun vt. ， 64. mud n. 65. overstatement n. · 默写词汇 汉译英 英文 汉义 1. n. 小说；虚构的事 2. [informal sci-fi] [abbr. SF] 科幻小说(或影片等) 3. 检验；测试 4. n. 意外收获；奖金；红利 5. 更像是；更接近 6. adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 7. n. 诚实正直；完整；完好 8. n. 庄重；庄严；尊严 9. n. 薪水；薪金 10. adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的 11. n. 预约；约会；委任 12. n. 指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt. (用钉子)钉牢；固定 13. n. 女售货员；女推销员 14. adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 15. vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 16. n. 梯子；阶梯 17. vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 18. vt. 表明；宣称；公布 19. conj. 然而；但是；尽管 20. n. 谣言；传闻 21. vt. & vi. 假设；假定 22. n. 车费；船费；飞机票价 23. adj. 每周的 n. 周刊 24. 根据；以……的方式(基准) 25. vt. 计算；核算；预测 26. n. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长 27. n. 克(重量单位) 28. n. 面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉 29. n. 活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等) 30. n. 售货员；推销员 31. n. 外星人(生物)；外国人 adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的 32. 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 33. adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 34. adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 35. 比……更好；更胜一筹 36. 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 37. n. 无行动；不采取措施 38. 与……冲突或抵触 39. n. 劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作 40. n. 皮革；[pl. ]皮衣；皮外套 41. n. 操纵杆；杠杆 42. n. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 43. n. 英寸(长度单位，等于2. 54厘米) 44. [NAmE backward] adv. 向后；倒着；往回 45. vt. &vi. 紧握；抓紧 46. adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 47. n. 侄女；外甥女 48. vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来 49. n. 手帕；纸巾 50. n. 灯；台灯 51. 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 52. n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt. &vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 53. (逐渐)减少；消失 54. n. 分开；分隔；差异；除(法) 55. n. (烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息 56. n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐 57. 有强烈的欲望做某事 58. adj. 随机的；不可思议的 59. adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 60. vi. & vt. 爆炸；爆破 61. n . 震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt. & vi. (使)震动;摇晃 62. vt. & vi. (使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛 63. vt. 使震惊，使昏迷 64. n. 泥；泥浆 65. n. 夸大；夸张 第二节 透析与拓展 重点精讲 例析拓展 · 核心单词+核心句型+核心词块 1. appointment n. 预约；约会；委任 (1)make/have/fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约/约定(时间) keep/break an appointment 守/失约 (2)appoint vt. 任命，委派；约定；指定 appoint sb. (as/to be). . . 指定/任命某人为…… appoint sb. to do sth. 委派/任命某人去做某事 ❶We made/had/fixed an appointment that we will go there together again. 我们约定我们会再一次一起去那儿。 ❷A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and never breaks an appointment. 一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，并且从不违约。 ❸We appointed him (as/to be) chairman. 我们指定他为主席。 ❹I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day. 我被任命负责安排那天所有的活动。 高考助记： ①I have an appointment with my dentist at 11：30. 我约好11点半去看牙医。 ②Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George. 山姆被任命为工程部经理，接替乔治。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①I ________ (appoint) as head of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) 20 years ago. ②I hope I shall get a teaching ________ (appoint) at the new school. ③They appointed him ________ chairman. ④They appointed him ________ (catch) all the rats. ⑤Do you have an appointment ________ the dentist? ⑥We've made ________ appointment with them to meet at the gate of the museum. 2. guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 (1)feel guilty about/at. . . 对……感到内疚 (2)be guilty of. . . 犯……罪 (3)guilt n. 内疚；自责；犯罪 ❶I feel really guilty at forgetting her birthday. 我忘记了她的生日，感到非常内疚。 ❷I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. 我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。 ❸They were found guilty of murder. 他们被判谋杀罪成立。 ❹Don't you have any feelings of guilt about leaving David? 你离开戴维难道就没有一点内疚吗？ 语境助记： He was guilty of serious misconduct and he was guilty about it. 他犯有严重失职罪并且他对此感到很内疚。 [即学即练]　完成句子 ①当他回忆过去时，他感到非常惭愧。 He ________________________ when looking back on the past. ②他对于未给老妇人让座这件事感到内疚。 He ____________________________ not giving his seat to the old lady. 3. dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；不受理(案子) dismiss sb. from. . . 解雇 dismiss sb. for sth. 因某事解雇某人 dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind 消除心中的恐惧/疑虑 近义词：fire解雇；开除 ❶The class was dismissed early today. 今天这个班级提早放学。 ❷He was dismissed from his job for incompetence. 他因为不称职而被解雇了。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Last month the case ________ (dismiss) owing to lack of evidence. ②Employees can ________ (dismiss) for causing great losses to the company. 4. declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布 declare for/against (doing) 声明赞成/反对(做)…… declare war on. . . 向……宣战 declare sb. /sth. ＋adj. 宣布某人/某物…… declare sb. /sth. (to be). . . 宣布某人/某物为…… declare (that). . . 宣布/宣称…… ❶They declared against building a new bridge. 他们声明反对修建新桥。 ❷Germany declared war on France on 3 August, 1914. 德国于1914年8月3日向法国宣战。 ❸I now declare this meeting open. 我现在宣布会议开始。 ❹The painting was declared to be a forgery. 这幅画被判定为赝品。 ❺He declared that he was in love with her. 他声称自己已爱上她。 辨析比较： announce 指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息 declare 指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众发表”，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等 He declared his loyalty to the government. 他向政府宣誓效忠。 The manager announced a sale on the samples of TV this morning. 今天早晨，经理公布了电视机样品的一个特价。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Jones won the match and ________ (declare) the winner. ②The workers declared ________ the offer of increasing pay and holidays. ③In September 1939, Britain declared war ________ Germany after Germany invaded Poland. 5. more than超过；非常；不仅仅 more than的用法： (1)后接数词时，意为“多于，超过”，相当于over； (2)后接名词时，意为“不只是，不仅仅”； (3)后接形容词时，意为“非常，十分”； (4)后接从句时，从句中常有情态动词can或could，意为“超过……所能”。 名师点津： more than one意为“不止一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 So far, more than one man has been dismissed. 到目前为止，不止一人被解雇了。 ❶There are more than 20 kinds of birds on the small island. 在那个小岛上有超过20种鸟。 ❷He is more than a father. He is a friend. 他不仅仅是一位父亲，还是一位朋友。 ❸I'm more than happy to take you there in my car. 我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。 ❹That is more than I can understand. 那非我能理解的。 [即学即练]　写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思/完成句子 ①The result was much more than he could imagine. ____________ ②In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. ____________ ③She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl. ____________ ④The test takes more than an hour. ____________ ⑤已经不止一位农民歌手出现在春节联欢晚会的舞台上了。 ____________________________________ on the stage of the Spring Festival Gala. 6. (教材P2)As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. 作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。 [句式分析]　该句中使用了“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。make是使役动词，意为“使……做某事，使……成为，使……怎么样”。 (1)“make＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”意为“使……处于某种状态”。 ❶The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient. 互联网使我们的生活变得容易、方便。 (2)“make＋宾语＋名词(短语)”意为“使或让……成为……；使……当……”。 ❷We made him our team leader last week. 上周我们推选他当我们的队长。 ❸Most pop singers make music their career. 很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。 (3)“make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式”表示“迫使、强制某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。 ❹My parents often make me do some extra homework. 我的父母经常让我做一些额外的家庭作业。 在主动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式不带to；而在被动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式必须带上to。 ❺I was made to finish the work before nine. 别人让我9点前完成工作。 (4)“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使/让……被……”。宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。 ❻You should make your views known. 你应该让别人了解你的观点。 ❼His actions made him universally respected. 他的行为使他处处受到尊敬。 ❽I speak slowly to make myself understood. 我说得很慢，以便大家都能听懂我的话。 (5)“make＋宾语＋介词短语”意为“使某人/某物(变得)……”。 ❾He made the computer in good condition again. 他又把计算机修好了。 ⑩You made him into an honest one. 你使他成为一个诚实的人。 特别提示： 当不定式短语或宾语从句作宾语时，为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，即：make＋it＋宾补＋不定式短语/宾语从句。 They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job. 他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作不但重要，而且是必不可少的。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Can you make yourself ________ (understand) in Russian? ②Nothing will make me ________ (change) my mind. ③Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ________ (break) into small pieces. ④我们任命他为我们足球队的队长。 We ________________ of our football team. ⑤在车流的喧闹声中，他无法使别人听到他的声音。 He couldn't ________________ above the noise of the traffic. 7. (教材P2)Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”. 克莱尔感谢托尼，告诉他他是“爱人”。 [句式分析]　现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主谓关系。 (1)现在分词除在句中作状语时，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。 (2)现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。 ❶As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not moving, and asked myself what I was going to do. 当信号灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问将要做什么。 ❷Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 把它们全部加起来，我们就可以找到答案。 ❸Gathering around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. 那些旅行者们聚集在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。 名师点津： (1)现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果时，相当于一个状语从句；表示伴随情况时，相当于并列句。 (2)现在分词的一般式(v. ­ing)表示该动作与句子的谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生。 (3)现在分词的完成式(having＋v. ­ed)表示该动作在句子的谓语动词动作之前发生。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换 ①When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. ②________ (be) too old, he couldn't walk that far. ③My cousin came to see me from the countryside, ________ (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits. ④Her mother died, ________ (leave) her with four younger brothers. ⑤________ (not, feel) well, he went to see the doctor. ⑥While I was walking along the street, I met her. →________________ along the street, I met her. 8. (教材P2)As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在身后。 [句式分析]　该句使用了一个完全倒装句。 完全倒装是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面。常见的有以下几种类型： (1)地点副词(here, there等)、时间副词(now, then)以及方位副词(away, down, in, off, out, back等)置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词多为be, go, come等表示位置移动或状态的不及物动词。 ❶There goes the bell. (＝The bell is ringing. )铃响了。 ❷Down came Stout Santa in a single bound. 胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跳就下来了。(正常语序为：Stout Santa came down in a single bound. ) (2)There be句型(be动词还可以替换为appear, exist, lie, stand, remain, live等表示“存在”含义的动词)。 ❸There exists an ancient temple in this town, which attracts many visitors. 这个小镇上有一座古庙，吸引着许多游客。 (3)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词是be, lie, stand, sit等时，句子要完全倒装。 ❹Under that tree stands a beautiful girl who is reading a book. 那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘，她正在读书。(正常语序为：A beautiful girl who is reading a book stands under that tree. ) 特别提示： 此类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语是代词，则不倒装。 Out they ran. 他们跑出去了。 [即学即练]　用完全倒装改写下列句子 ①A castle stands on the hill. ________________________________________________________________________ ②A national flag hangs on the front wall of the classroom. ________________________________________________________________________ ③The attractive scenery I had been told about lay below me. ________________________________________________________________________ ④我还没来得及说一个字，孩子们就跑开了。 ________________________________________________________________________ ⑤最后一班火车开走了。 ________________________________________________________________________ ⑥我的妈妈坐在窗边，手里端着一杯咖啡。 ________________________________________________________________________ 9. on a. . . basis根据；以……的方式(基准) on a daily basis 每天 on a weekly basis 每周 on a regular basis 定期的，有规律的 on a solid basis 建立在牢固的基础之上 ❶He had the patients telling him on a daily basis the horrors they saw on the battlefield. 每天他都会从病人那里听到他们在战场上所见过的可怕情形。 ❷The group meets on a regular basis, usually weekly or biweekly. 这个小组定期会面，通常是每周或每两周一次。 [相关用法]　be based on/upon以……为基础，以……为根据 Although it is a fiction, it is based on the fact. 虽然它是虚构的事，但它是以事实为基础的。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子 ①Their marketing strategy ________ (base) on a study of consumer spending. ②The film is based ________ a novel by D. H. Lawrence. ③我们的政策应建立在自力更生(self­reliance)的基础上。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ④我们将定期在那里会面。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [名师点津]　basis n. 基础；根据，多用于抽象。base n. 基础；底部；底座；基地；总部，多用于具体。 10. calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测　calculation n. 计算，推测；算计　calculator n. 计算器　calculating adj. 工于心计的 calculate on sth. 指望，期望某物 calculate on sb. /sth. doing sth. 指望某人/某物做某事 be calculated to do sth. 旨在做某事，用意在于做某事 calculate that. . . 计算……；预测…… It is calculated that. . . 据估算…… ❶This might seem like an easy figure to calculate. 这个数字可能看上去很容易计算。 ❷This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children. 这个广告旨在吸引儿童。 ❸Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000 m3 of water. 建好了9个这样的冰窖后，诺菲尔预测他已经储存了大约20万立方米的水。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①She lied with cold ________ (calculate). ②Thomas was a cold and ________ (calculate) guy. ③She carries a pocket ________ (calculate) everywhere. ④We calculated ________ an early start. [词块积累]　depend on依靠，指望；reply on依靠，指望 11. superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 be superior to 比……优越(to为介词) be inferior to 比……低级 be senior to 比……年长；比……地位高 be junior to 比……年轻；比……地位低 ❶He works in a company that supplies superior wines to the restaurant trade. 他在一家为餐饮业提供上等葡萄酒的公司里工作。 ❷Tsinghua University and Peking University are clearly superior to other universities in China. 很明显，在中国，清华大学和北京大学要优于其他大学。 ❸Modern music is often considered to be inferior to that of the past. 现代音乐常被认为不如过去的音乐。 ❹He is also a diplomat, but senior to me. 他也是一名外交官，但资历比我深。 名师点津： superior, inferior和senior这几个词作形容词时，没有比较级和最高级；表示“比某人/某物……”时，通常与介词to搭配，而不与介词than搭配。 [即学即练]　完成句子 ①我比他大三岁，而你比他小三岁。 I am three years ________________ him while you are three years ________________ him. ②这些桔子没我上星期买的好。 These oranges ________________ I bought last week. 12. take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 take up 占去(时间/空间)；从事……；拿起；改短(衣服) take off 脱(衣服)；起飞；成名 take in 吸收；领会；包含；收留(某人) take on 呈现；雇用 take down 记下；取下；拆除 ❶Would you like me to take over the driving for a while？我替你开会儿车怎么样？ ❷CBS Records was taken over by Sony. 哥伦比亚广播公司的唱片公司已被索尼公司收购。 ❸Helen always helps her mother even though her studies take up most of her day. 尽管学业占用了海伦一天中的大部分时间，她还总是帮助妈妈。 ❹She took off my wet coat and made me sit by the fire. 她脱下我的湿外套，让我在火炉旁坐下。 ❺Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. 她在电视上亮相后，歌唱事业迅速发展。 ❻Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 鱼用鳃吸取氧气。 ❼Halfway through the chapter I realized I hadn't taken anything in. 这一章我读到一半才意识到我根本没有看懂。 ❽The chameleon can take on the colours of its background. 变色龙可以变成周围环境的颜色。 ❾I can't take on any extra work. 我不能承担任何额外的工作。 高考助记： ①It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。 ②Many business started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. 由于良好的创业环境，大学生开办的许多公司已有起色。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken ________. ②Briggs will take ________ as the general manager when Mitchell retires. ③Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took ________ a new look. ④The house I lived in when I was small has been taken ________ and replaced by an office building. 13. conflict vi. (思想、信仰、说法等)冲突，抵触　n. 冲突；争执；争论；抵触；矛盾；不一致 conflict with. . . 与……冲突，抵触 in conflict (with. . . ) (与……)有冲突，有抵触 come into conflict with 和……冲突，与……有分歧 ❶These results conflict with earlier findings. 这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。 ❷Many of these rules appear to be in conflict with each other. 这些规则中有许多看上去似乎是相互矛盾的。 ❸She often comes into conflict with her mother­in­law. 她经常与婆婆发生争执。 语境助记： Nowadays, many teenagers' opinions conflict with their parents. That's why they are often in conflict with each other. 现今，许多青少年的观点与父母的观点不一致，这就是为什么他们总是有冲突的原因。 [即学即练]　选词填空(in conflict with, conflict with)/翻译句子 ①Their opinion on the accident ________________ ours. ②She found herself ________________ her parents over her future career. ③约翰经常和他的老板发生冲突。(come into conflict) ________________________________________________________________________ ④你应避免与你的邻居们冲突。(conflict with) ________________________________________________________________________ 14. turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是；制造，生产 turn up 调大；出现 turn down 调小；拒绝 turn to 转向；求助于 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn in 上交；交还 ❶The factory turns out 10,000 computers per week. 这家工厂每周生产10 000台电脑。 ❷It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack. 原来他的兄弟死于心脏病发作。 ❸He promised he would come, but he hasn't turned up yet. 他承诺会来，但他还没有露面。 ❹She turned down the job offer because she wanted more money. 她拒绝了那份工作，因为她想要更高的工资。 ❺Before this I should have smiled and turned her down. 在这之前，我本该笑着拒绝她。 ❻I don't know who to turn to. 我不知道向谁求助。 ❼I want to turn on the television. 我想打开电视。 ❽The light is a bit too harsh. You can turn it off. 灯光有点太刺眼了。你可以把灯关掉。 ❾I went back to the station­house to turn in my badge and gun. 我回到警局，交还了我的警徽和佩枪。 特别提示： turn out当“结果是”讲时通常用于中 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①You must turn ________ your equipment before you leave the army. ②I can't hear the radio very well. Could you turn it ________ a bit? ③The experiment turned ________ to be a great success. ④He tried to join the army but was turned ________ because of poor health. ⑤The child turned ________ his mother for comfort. ⑥It's getting dark. Please turn ________ the light. 15. pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏；步速；一步　vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏；来回踱步，走来走去 pace of. . . ……的速度 keep pace with sth. /sb. 与某物/某人步伐一致，并驾齐驱 at a/an. . . pace 以……的速度 ❶The runners have noticeably quickened their pace. 赛跑者明显加快了脚步。 ❷Traffic jams frequently reduce traffic to walking pace. 交通阻塞经常把车流的速度降低得如同步行一样缓慢。 ❸We have adjusted ourselves to the pace of the life. 我们已经使自己适应了生活的节奏。 ❹She walks so fast that I can't keep pace with her. 她走得如此快，我跟不上她。 ❺As they waited, Kravis paced the room nervously. 在他们等待的时候克拉维斯在屋里不安地踱来踱去。 ❻It was a tough race and I had to pace myself. 这是场艰苦的比赛，我不得不控制好自己的节奏。 名师点津： 近义词辨析： ①speed n. 速度，速率 普通用词，指交通工具等运动的速率或事情发生的速度。 The train went by at high speed. 火车疾驶而过。 ②pace n. 步速，速度 指人步行的速度。 He quickened his pace. 他加快了步伐。 ③rate n. 速度，速率 常指某事在一段时间内发生的速度，可与speed换用。 His money was running out at an alarming rate/speed. 他的钱用的很快，速度惊人。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①He'd only gone a few ________(pace) before he stopped again. ②Many people were not satisfied with the pace ________ reform. ③Farmers are angry because the price rise fails to keep pace ________ inflation (通货膨胀). ④The train was moving now ________ a snail's pace. 16. urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动　vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐 (1) 催促某人做某事 urge that. . . (should) do sth. 极力主张；强调…… It is urged that. . . (should) do sth. 坚决要求…… (2)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 (3)urgency n. 紧迫；急事 ❶Our teacher urges us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near. 随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。 ❷It is strongly urged by students that the library (should) be kept open during the weekend. 学生们极力主张图书馆周末也开放。 ❸It's of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid growth of online shopping. 随着网上购物的迅速发展，我们急需制定相关的法律。 高考助记： Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals. 吃饭时摄入充足的脂肪和盐会减少两餐之间想吃零食的欲望。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①They urged that the Science Museum ________ (keep) open during the vacation. ②He urged me ________ (accept) his suggestion. 他要求我们立即采取行动。 ③________________________________________________________________________ ④________________________________________________________________________ ⑤________________________________________________________________________ 17. (教材P8)It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career. 就在今天十点钟，第一台时光机器开始运行了。 [句式分析]　本句中用到了强调句式 为了突出句子中的某一部分，我们通常会使用强调句，英语中表示强调时有一个很重要的句型：It is/was. . . that/who. . . ，可以强调除谓语以外的句子成分，如主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等；强调人时，用who和that均可，其他情况用that。 ❶It was they that/who cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天是他们打扫的教室。(强调主语) ❷It was in the small house that he spent his childhood. 他就是在这所小房子里度过了他的童年时代。(强调地点状语) 特别提示： ①要判断一句话是否是强调句，只需要把It is/was和that/who去掉，如果去掉后句子依然成立，即句子的结构和语义均完整，则该句就是强调句，反之就不是。 ②It is/was not until. . . that. . . 是一种特殊的强调句型。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realised she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。 [即学即练]　翻译句子 ①昨天我母亲就是在街上遇到了汤姆。 ________________________________________________________________________ ②正是闪电造成了去年那场森林火灾。 ________________________________________________________________________ ③直到我朋友告诉我，我才知道真相。 ________________________________________________________________________ 18. (教材P8)Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. 夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯熄灭了，转眼间，白昼降临了。 [句式分析]　(1)as if＝as though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。 (2)as if引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下： 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were) 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done) 与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用would/could/might do ❶Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move. 快点！看起来火车要开了。 ❷It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？ ❸A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. 一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。 ❹He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 特别提示： (1)如果as if/as though从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有be动词，则可省略从句的主语和be动词。 He acted as though (he were) a fool. 他表现得像个傻瓜。 (2)as if/as though后还可直接跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式及其他短语，实际上也是从句省略形式。 如：①He opened his mouth as if to say something. 他张开嘴，好像要说什么。 ②The football player is rolling on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg. 那位足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好像是腿部受了重伤。 ③The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something lost on the sports ground. 这个男孩急躁地跑来跑去，好像是在找丢在操场上的什么东西。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She loves the boy as though/as if she ________ (be) his mother. ②He talked about the moon as if/as though he ________ (be) there. ③我童年的一切一下子都涌进了我的脑海，仿佛刚刚发生的一样。 Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind ________________________________________. 第3节 应用与提升 语境实战 翻译提升 Ⅰ. 单词语境填空(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词) 1. The salesman wants to live in an apartment, _______________(然而) his wife would rather live in a flat. 2. No matter how rich you are, you must treat the old with _______________ (尊严). 3. In the dry seasons, the villagers have to walk several miles to _______________ (取) water for daily use. 4. It has been _______________ (计算) that at least 47，000 employees were dismissed last year. 5. My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep the _______________ (步伐) of advances in science. Ⅱ. 词汇拓展单句填空。(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空) 1. My teacher made a suggestion that I should apologise to you for failing to keep the _______________ (appoint). 2. The traditional labour _______________ (divide) between men and women is gradually disappearing. 3. Now that there is little time left, we should settle down to dealing with something really _______________ (urge). 4. The _______________ (explode) was caused by burst of a gas pipe, which made the boss explode with anger. 5. I am guilty of the silly mistake I made yesterday and no words can express my _______________ (guilty). III. 词块语法单句填空 pros and cons, fall away, turn out, on a . . . basis, take over 1. The weather forecast said that it would be rainy but it _______________to be fine. 2. His supporters _______________as his popularity declined. 3. Some people believe that robots will _______________ the world one day. What if that is the case? 4. The equipment is checked _______________ regular _______________. 5. It is necessary that we weigh the _______________ of including English words in Chinese dictionaries. IV. 重点句式仿写 1. 至于环境保护，起作用的不是我们说什么，而是我们做什么。(强调句型) As for the environmental protection, _________________________________makes a difference. 2. 他考试又没及格。 在我看来，与其说他愚蠢，倒不如说他懒惰。(more . . . than . . . ) He failed in the exam again. In my view, he _________________________________. 3. 在我们的教学楼前面矗立着两棵大树，它们使得我们的校园更加美丽。(完全倒装) In front of our teaching building _________________________________，which add to the beauty of our school. V. 课文语法填空。(Reading and Thinking部分) The company for which Larry worked was to have a newly­made robot 1. ________ (call) Tony, which was going to be tested out by his wife Claire at home. At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt 2. ________ (alarm). She thought 3. ________ was ridiculous that a robot should look so much like human, 4. ________ his smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed. On the second morning, Tony wanted to help her to dress, which made Claire 5. ________ (embarrass) and she refused him. But later she was glad that Tony could make her home 6. ________ (elegance), give her a new hairstyle and improve her makeup. To decorate her home, he could also write out a list of 7. ________ (item) for her to buy. And finally, Tony helped Claire to finish all the work. Tony suggested Claire that she 8. ________ (invite) Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was 9. ________ (leave) and Larry was to return. 10. ________ made us unbelievable was that Tony didn't want to leave Claire in the end! 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Word and Expression词汇讲义 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 人教版高中英语2024-2025学年高二同步一线课堂 英语24字整体教学 超前集中 教师版 7-1-1 目 录 第一节 认识与记忆 · 逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读 · 默写词汇 英译汉 · 默写词汇 汉译英 · 发音规则——辅音连缀 第二节 透析与拓展 · 重点精讲 例析拓展 · 核心单词 · 核心词块 第三节 应用与提升 · 分类默写 精准记忆 · 识单词英汉相互匹配 · 词汇拓展 · 核心词块匹配 · 重点句型 · 语境实战 翻译提升 第一节 认识与记忆 · 逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读 （“逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读”是一种有效的高中英语词汇记忆策略。在词汇学习过程中，我们提出“一目四项”的策略，即每次学习一个单词时，我们专注于四个方面：单词拼写、音标、基本词义及词性。这种方法能帮助学习者全面地把握一个单词的各个方面，提高词汇记忆的效率和准确性。通过疯狂诵读，强化记忆） · 单元词汇 fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 小说；虚构的事 science fiction /informal sci-fi/ [abbr. SF] 科幻小说（或影片等） test out 检验；测试 bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 意外收获；奖金；红利 more like 更像是；更接近 ridiculous/rɪˈdɪkjələs/ adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 integrity/ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 诚实正直；完整；完好 dignity /ˈdɪɡnəti/ n. 庄重；庄严；尊严 salary /ˈsæləri/ n. 薪水；薪金 absurd /əbˈsɜːd/ adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的 appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 预约；约会；委任 nail /neɪl/ n. 指甲；趾甲；钉子vt. （用钉子）钉牢；固定 saleswoman /ˈseɪlzwʊmən/ n. 女售货员；女推销员 guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 suspend /səˈspend/vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 ladder /ˈlædə(r)/ n. 梯子；阶梯 dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/vt. 表明；宣称；公布 whereas /ˌweərˈæz/ conj. 然而；但是；尽管 rumour /ˈruːmə(r)/ n. 谣言；传闻 presume / prɪˈzjuːm；NAmE -'zuːm/vt. & vi. 假设；假定 fare /feə(r)/ n. 车费；船费；飞机票价 weekly /ˈwiːkli/ adj. 每周的 n. 周刊 on a . . . basis根据；以……的方式（基准） calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/vt. 计算；核算；预测 chairwoman /ˈtʃeəwʊmən/ n. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长 gramme [ NAmEɡram] /ɡræm/ n. 克（重量单位） flour /ˈflaʊə(r)/ n. 面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉 venue /ˈvenjuː/ n. 活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等） salesman /ˈseɪlzmən/ n. 售货员；推销员 alien /ˈeɪliən/ n. 外星人（生物）；外国人 adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的 pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 blurred /blɜːd/ adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)； sjuː-/ adj. 更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的 superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹 take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 inaction /ɪnˈækʃn/ n. 无行动；不采取措施 conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 labour /ˈleɪbə(r)/ n. 劳动（者）；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作 leather /ˈleðə(r)/ n. 皮革；[pl. ]皮衣；皮外套 lever / ˈliːvə(r)；NAmE ˈlevər / n. 操纵杆；杠杆 panel /ˈpænl/ n. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 inch /ɪntʃ/ n. 英寸（长度单位，等于2. 54厘米） backwards /ˈbækwədz/ [NAmE backward] adv. 向后；倒着；往回 grip /ɡrɪp/vt. & vi. 紧握；抓紧 hazy /ˈheɪzi/ adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 niece /niːs/ n. 侄女；外甥女 fetch /fetʃ/vt. （去）拿来；（去）请来 handkerchief /ˈhæŋkətʃɪf / n. 手帕；纸巾 lamp /læmp/ n. 灯；台灯 turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 pace /ˈpeɪs/ n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 fall away （逐渐）减少；消失 division /dɪˈvɪʒn/ n. 分开；分隔；差异；除（法） puff /pʌf/ n. （烟、气等的）一缕；少量；喘息 urge /ɜːdʒ/ n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐 have anurge to有强烈的欲望做某事 random /ˈrændəm/ adj. 随机的；不可思议的 maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 explode /ikˈspləʊd/ vi. & vt. 爆炸；爆破 jolt /dʒəʊlt/ n. 震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt. & vi. （使）震动；摇晃 flip /flɪp/vt. & vi. （使）快速翻转；（用手指）轻抛 stun /stʌn/vt. 使震惊，使昏迷 mud /mʌd/ n. 泥；泥浆 overstatement /ˈəʊvəsteɪtmənt/ n. 夸大；夸张 Isaac Asimov /aizək æzimɒf/ 艾萨克・阿西莫夫 Larry Belmont / 'læri belmɒnt/ 拉里・贝尔蒙特 Claire /kleəs(r)/ 克莱尔 Gladys Claffern /'glædis klæfən/ 格拉迪丝・克拉芬 Braille (also braille) /breil/ 布拉耶盲文（凸点符号） The Three- Body Problem《三体》 Hugo /hjugəu/ Award 雨果奖 · 写词汇 英译汉 英文 汉义 1. fiction n. 2. science fiction [informal sci-fi] [abbr. SF] 3. test out 4. bonus n. 5. more like 6. ridiculous adj. 7. integrity n. 8. dignity n. 9. salary n. 10. absurd adj. 11. appointment n. 12. nail n. vt. 13. saleswoman n. 14. guilty adj. 15. suspend vt. 16. ladder n. 17. dismiss vt. 18. declare vt. 19. whereas conj. 20. rumour n. 21. presume vt. & vi. 22. fare n. 23. weekly adj. n. 24. on a . . . basis 25. calculate vt. 26. chairwoman n. 27. gramme [ NAmE ɡram] n. 28. flour n. 29. venue n. 30. salesman n. 31. alien n. adj. 32. pros and cons 33. blurred adj. 34. superior adj. 35. superior to 36. take over 37. inaction n. 38. conflict with 39. labour n. vi. 40. leather n. [pl. ] 41. lever n. 42. panel n. 43. inch n. 44. backwards [NAmE backward] adv. 45. grip vt. &vi. 46. hazy adj. 47. niece n. 48. fetch vt. 49. handkerchief n. 50. lamp n. 51. turn out 52. pace n. vt. &vi. 53. fall away 54. division n. 55. puff n. 56. urge n. vt. 57. have an urge to 58. random adj. 59. maximum adj. n. 60. explode vi. & vt. 61. jolt n . vt. & vi. ; 62. flip vt. & vi. 63. stun vt. ， 64. mud n. 65. overstatement n. · 默写词汇 汉译英 英文 汉义 1. n. 小说；虚构的事 2. [informal sci-fi] [abbr. SF] 科幻小说(或影片等) 3. 检验；测试 4. n. 意外收获；奖金；红利 5. 更像是；更接近 6. adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 7. n. 诚实正直；完整；完好 8. n. 庄重；庄严；尊严 9. n. 薪水；薪金 10. adj. 荒谬的；荒唐的 11. n. 预约；约会；委任 12. n. 指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt. (用钉子)钉牢；固定 13. n. 女售货员；女推销员 14. adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 15. vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 16. n. 梯子；阶梯 17. vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除 18. vt. 表明；宣称；公布 19. conj. 然而；但是；尽管 20. n. 谣言；传闻 21. vt. & vi. 假设；假定 22. n. 车费；船费；飞机票价 23. adj. 每周的 n. 周刊 24. 根据；以……的方式(基准) 25. vt. 计算；核算；预测 26. n. 女主席；女董事长；女委员长 27. n. 克(重量单位) 28. n. 面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉 29. n. 活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等) 30. n. 售货员；推销员 31. n. 外星人(生物)；外国人 adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的 32. 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 33. adj. 模糊不清的；难以区分的 34. adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 35. 比……更好；更胜一筹 36. 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 37. n. 无行动；不采取措施 38. 与……冲突或抵触 39. n. 劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作 40. n. 皮革；[pl. ]皮衣；皮外套 41. n. 操纵杆；杠杆 42. n. 控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组 43. n. 英寸(长度单位，等于2. 54厘米) 44. [NAmE backward] adv. 向后；倒着；往回 45. vt. &vi. 紧握；抓紧 46. adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 47. n. 侄女；外甥女 48. vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来 49. n. 手帕；纸巾 50. n. 灯；台灯 51. 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 52. n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt. &vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 53. (逐渐)减少；消失 54. n. 分开；分隔；差异；除(法) 55. n. (烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息 56. n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐 57. 有强烈的欲望做某事 58. adj. 随机的；不可思议的 59. adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 60. vi. & vt. 爆炸；爆破 61. n . 震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt. & vi. (使)震动;摇晃 62. vt. & vi. (使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛 63. vt. 使震惊，使昏迷 64. n. 泥；泥浆 65. n. 夸大；夸张 第二节 透析与拓展 重点精讲 例析拓展 · 核心单词+核心句型+核心词块 1. appointment n. 预约；约会；委任 (1)make/have/fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约/约定(时间) keep/break an appointment 守/失约 (2)appoint vt. 任命，委派；约定；指定 appoint sb. (as/to be). . . 指定/任命某人为…… appoint sb. to do sth. 委派/任命某人去做某事 ❶We made/had/fixed an appointment that we will go there together again. 我们约定我们会再一次一起去那儿。 ❷A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and never breaks an appointment. 一个守时的人有在适当的时候做一件事的习惯，并且从不违约。 ❸We appointed him (as/to be) chairman. 我们指定他为主席。 ❹I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day. 我被任命负责安排那天所有的活动。 高考助记： ①I have an appointment with my dentist at 11：30. 我约好11点半去看牙医。 ②Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George. 山姆被任命为工程部经理，接替乔治。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①I ________ (appoint) as head of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) 20 years ago. ②I hope I shall get a teaching ________ (appoint) at the new school. ③They appointed him ________ chairman. ④They appointed him ________ (catch) all the rats. ⑤Do you have an appointment ________ the dentist? ⑥We've made ________ appointment with them to meet at the gate of the museum. 2. guilty adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 (1)feel guilty about/at. . . 对……感到内疚 (2)be guilty of. . . 犯……罪 (3)guilt n. 内疚；自责；犯罪 ❶I feel really guilty at forgetting her birthday. 我忘记了她的生日，感到非常内疚。 ❷I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. 我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。 ❸They were found guilty of murder. 他们被判谋杀罪成立。 ❹Don't you have any feelings of guilt about leaving David? 你离开戴维难道就没有一点内疚吗？ 语境助记： He was guilty of serious misconduct and he was guilty about it. 他犯有严重失职罪并且他对此感到很内疚。 [即学即练]　完成句子 ①当他回忆过去时，他感到非常惭愧。 He ________________________ when looking back on the past. ②他对于未给老妇人让座这件事感到内疚。 He ____________________________ not giving his seat to the old lady. 3. dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；不受理(案子) dismiss sb. from. . . 解雇 dismiss sb. for sth. 因某事解雇某人 dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind 消除心中的恐惧/疑虑 近义词：fire解雇；开除 ❶The class was dismissed early today. 今天这个班级提早放学。 ❷He was dismissed from his job for incompetence. 他因为不称职而被解雇了。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Last month the case ________ (dismiss) owing to lack of evidence. ②Employees can ________ (dismiss) for causing great losses to the company. 4. declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布 declare for/against (doing) 声明赞成/反对(做)…… declare war on. . . 向……宣战 declare sb. /sth. ＋adj. 宣布某人/某物…… declare sb. /sth. (to be). . . 宣布某人/某物为…… declare (that). . . 宣布/宣称…… ❶They declared against building a new bridge. 他们声明反对修建新桥。 ❷Germany declared war on France on 3 August, 1914. 德国于1914年8月3日向法国宣战。 ❸I now declare this meeting open. 我现在宣布会议开始。 ❹The painting was declared to be a forgery. 这幅画被判定为赝品。 ❺He declared that he was in love with her. 他声称自己已爱上她。 辨析比较： announce 指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息 declare 指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众发表”，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等 He declared his loyalty to the government. 他向政府宣誓效忠。 The manager announced a sale on the samples of TV this morning. 今天早晨，经理公布了电视机样品的一个特价。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Jones won the match and ________ (declare) the winner. ②The workers declared ________ the offer of increasing pay and holidays. ③In September 1939, Britain declared war ________ Germany after Germany invaded Poland. 5. more than超过；非常；不仅仅 more than的用法： (1)后接数词时，意为“多于，超过”，相当于over； (2)后接名词时，意为“不只是，不仅仅”； (3)后接形容词时，意为“非常，十分”； (4)后接从句时，从句中常有情态动词can或could，意为“超过……所能”。 名师点津： more than one意为“不止一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 So far, more than one man has been dismissed. 到目前为止，不止一人被解雇了。 ❶There are more than 20 kinds of birds on the small island. 在那个小岛上有超过20种鸟。 ❷He is more than a father. He is a friend. 他不仅仅是一位父亲，还是一位朋友。 ❸I'm more than happy to take you there in my car. 我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。 ❹That is more than I can understand. 那非我能理解的。 [即学即练]　写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思/完成句子 ①The result was much more than he could imagine. ____________ ②In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. ____________ ③She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl. ____________ ④The test takes more than an hour. ____________ ⑤已经不止一位农民歌手出现在春节联欢晚会的舞台上了。 ____________________________________ on the stage of the Spring Festival Gala. 6. (教材P2)As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant. 作为报答，托尼答应帮助克莱尔使她自己更漂亮，使她的家更优美。 [句式分析]　该句中使用了“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。make是使役动词，意为“使……做某事，使……成为，使……怎么样”。 (1)“make＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”意为“使……处于某种状态”。 ❶The Internet makes our lives easy and convenient. 互联网使我们的生活变得容易、方便。 (2)“make＋宾语＋名词(短语)”意为“使或让……成为……；使……当……”。 ❷We made him our team leader last week. 上周我们推选他当我们的队长。 ❸Most pop singers make music their career. 很多流行歌手把音乐当作他们的事业。 (3)“make＋宾语＋不带to的不定式”表示“迫使、强制某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。 ❹My parents often make me do some extra homework. 我的父母经常让我做一些额外的家庭作业。 在主动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式不带to；而在被动语态中，这种结构中的动词不定式必须带上to。 ❺I was made to finish the work before nine. 别人让我9点前完成工作。 (4)“make＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“使/让……被……”。宾补与宾语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。 ❻You should make your views known. 你应该让别人了解你的观点。 ❼His actions made him universally respected. 他的行为使他处处受到尊敬。 ❽I speak slowly to make myself understood. 我说得很慢，以便大家都能听懂我的话。 (5)“make＋宾语＋介词短语”意为“使某人/某物(变得)……”。 ❾He made the computer in good condition again. 他又把计算机修好了。 ⑩You made him into an honest one. 你使他成为一个诚实的人。 特别提示： 当不定式短语或宾语从句作宾语时，为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面，即：make＋it＋宾补＋不定式短语/宾语从句。 They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job. 他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作不但重要，而且是必不可少的。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Can you make yourself ________ (understand) in Russian? ②Nothing will make me ________ (change) my mind. ③Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ________ (break) into small pieces. ④我们任命他为我们足球队的队长。 We ________________ of our football team. ⑤在车流的喧闹声中，他无法使别人听到他的声音。 He couldn't ________________ above the noise of the traffic. 7. (教材P2)Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a “dear”. 克莱尔感谢托尼，告诉他他是“爱人”。 [句式分析]　现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主谓关系。 (1)现在分词除在句中作状语时，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。 (2)现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。 ❶As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not moving, and asked myself what I was going to do. 当信号灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问将要做什么。 ❷Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 把它们全部加起来，我们就可以找到答案。 ❸Gathering around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. 那些旅行者们聚集在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。 名师点津： (1)现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果时，相当于一个状语从句；表示伴随情况时，相当于并列句。 (2)现在分词的一般式(v. ­ing)表示该动作与句子的谓语动词动作同时发生或在其后发生。 (3)现在分词的完成式(having＋v. ­ed)表示该动作在句子的谓语动词动作之前发生。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/句型转换 ①When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. ②________ (be) too old, he couldn't walk that far. ③My cousin came to see me from the countryside, ________ (bring) me a full basket of fresh fruits. ④Her mother died, ________ (leave) her with four younger brothers. ⑤________ (not, feel) well, he went to see the doctor. ⑥While I was walking along the street, I met her. →________________ along the street, I met her. 8. (教材P2)As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 当她转过身时，发现格拉迪丝·克拉芬就站在身后。 [句式分析]　该句使用了一个完全倒装句。 完全倒装是将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，把谓语移到主语前面。常见的有以下几种类型： (1)地点副词(here, there等)、时间副词(now, then)以及方位副词(away, down, in, off, out, back等)置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子要完全倒装。其谓语动词多为be, go, come等表示位置移动或状态的不及物动词。 ❶There goes the bell. (＝The bell is ringing. )铃响了。 ❷Down came Stout Santa in a single bound. 胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跳就下来了。(正常语序为：Stout Santa came down in a single bound. ) (2)There be句型(be动词还可以替换为appear, exist, lie, stand, remain, live等表示“存在”含义的动词)。 ❸There exists an ancient temple in this town, which attracts many visitors. 这个小镇上有一座古庙，吸引着许多游客。 (3)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词，谓语动词是be, lie, stand, sit等时，句子要完全倒装。 ❹Under that tree stands a beautiful girl who is reading a book. 那棵树下站着一位美丽的姑娘，她正在读书。(正常语序为：A beautiful girl who is reading a book stands under that tree. ) 特别提示： 此类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语是代词，则不倒装。 Out they ran. 他们跑出去了。 [即学即练]　用完全倒装改写下列句子 ①A castle stands on the hill. ________________________________________________________________________ ②A national flag hangs on the front wall of the classroom. ________________________________________________________________________ ③The attractive scenery I had been told about lay below me. ________________________________________________________________________ ④我还没来得及说一个字，孩子们就跑开了。 ________________________________________________________________________ ⑤最后一班火车开走了。 ________________________________________________________________________ ⑥我的妈妈坐在窗边，手里端着一杯咖啡。 ________________________________________________________________________ 9. on a. . . basis根据；以……的方式(基准) on a daily basis 每天 on a weekly basis 每周 on a regular basis 定期的，有规律的 on a solid basis 建立在牢固的基础之上 ❶He had the patients telling him on a daily basis the horrors they saw on the battlefield. 每天他都会从病人那里听到他们在战场上所见过的可怕情形。 ❷The group meets on a regular basis, usually weekly or biweekly. 这个小组定期会面，通常是每周或每两周一次。 [相关用法]　be based on/upon以……为基础，以……为根据 Although it is a fiction, it is based on the fact. 虽然它是虚构的事，但它是以事实为基础的。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子 ①Their marketing strategy ________ (base) on a study of consumer spending. ②The film is based ________ a novel by D. H. Lawrence. ③我们的政策应建立在自力更生(self­reliance)的基础上。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ④我们将定期在那里会面。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [名师点津]　basis n. 基础；根据，多用于抽象。base n. 基础；底部；底座；基地；总部，多用于具体。 10. calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测　calculation n. 计算，推测；算计　calculator n. 计算器　calculating adj. 工于心计的 calculate on sth. 指望，期望某物 calculate on sb. /sth. doing sth. 指望某人/某物做某事 be calculated to do sth. 旨在做某事，用意在于做某事 calculate that. . . 计算……；预测…… It is calculated that. . . 据估算…… ❶This might seem like an easy figure to calculate. 这个数字可能看上去很容易计算。 ❷This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children. 这个广告旨在吸引儿童。 ❸Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000 m3 of water. 建好了9个这样的冰窖后，诺菲尔预测他已经储存了大约20万立方米的水。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①She lied with cold ________ (calculate). ②Thomas was a cold and ________ (calculate) guy. ③She carries a pocket ________ (calculate) everywhere. ④We calculated ________ an early start. [词块积累]　depend on依靠，指望；reply on依靠，指望 11. superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 be superior to 比……优越(to为介词) be inferior to 比……低级 be senior to 比……年长；比……地位高 be junior to 比……年轻；比……地位低 ❶He works in a company that supplies superior wines to the restaurant trade. 他在一家为餐饮业提供上等葡萄酒的公司里工作。 ❷Tsinghua University and Peking University are clearly superior to other universities in China. 很明显，在中国，清华大学和北京大学要优于其他大学。 ❸Modern music is often considered to be inferior to that of the past. 现代音乐常被认为不如过去的音乐。 ❹He is also a diplomat, but senior to me. 他也是一名外交官，但资历比我深。 名师点津： superior, inferior和senior这几个词作形容词时，没有比较级和最高级；表示“比某人/某物……”时，通常与介词to搭配，而不与介词than搭配。 [即学即练]　完成句子 ①我比他大三岁，而你比他小三岁。 I am three years ________________ him while you are three years ________________ him. ②这些桔子没我上星期买的好。 These oranges ________________ I bought last week. 12. take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 take up 占去(时间/空间)；从事……；拿起；改短(衣服) take off 脱(衣服)；起飞；成名 take in 吸收；领会；包含；收留(某人) take on 呈现；雇用 take down 记下；取下；拆除 ❶Would you like me to take over the driving for a while？我替你开会儿车怎么样？ ❷CBS Records was taken over by Sony. 哥伦比亚广播公司的唱片公司已被索尼公司收购。 ❸Helen always helps her mother even though her studies take up most of her day. 尽管学业占用了海伦一天中的大部分时间，她还总是帮助妈妈。 ❹She took off my wet coat and made me sit by the fire. 她脱下我的湿外套，让我在火炉旁坐下。 ❺Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. 她在电视上亮相后，歌唱事业迅速发展。 ❻Fish take in oxygen through their gills. 鱼用鳃吸取氧气。 ❼Halfway through the chapter I realized I hadn't taken anything in. 这一章我读到一半才意识到我根本没有看懂。 ❽The chameleon can take on the colours of its background. 变色龙可以变成周围环境的颜色。 ❾I can't take on any extra work. 我不能承担任何额外的工作。 高考助记： ①It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying. 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。 ②Many business started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. 由于良好的创业环境，大学生开办的许多公司已有起色。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken ________. ②Briggs will take ________ as the general manager when Mitchell retires. ③Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took ________ a new look. ④The house I lived in when I was small has been taken ________ and replaced by an office building. 13. conflict vi. (思想、信仰、说法等)冲突，抵触　n. 冲突；争执；争论；抵触；矛盾；不一致 conflict with. . . 与……冲突，抵触 in conflict (with. . . ) (与……)有冲突，有抵触 come into conflict with 和……冲突，与……有分歧 ❶These results conflict with earlier findings. 这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。 ❷Many of these rules appear to be in conflict with each other. 这些规则中有许多看上去似乎是相互矛盾的。 ❸She often comes into conflict with her mother­in­law. 她经常与婆婆发生争执。 语境助记： Nowadays, many teenagers' opinions conflict with their parents. That's why they are often in conflict with each other. 现今，许多青少年的观点与父母的观点不一致，这就是为什么他们总是有冲突的原因。 [即学即练]　选词填空(in conflict with, conflict with)/翻译句子 ①Their opinion on the accident ________________ ours. ②She found herself ________________ her parents over her future career. ③约翰经常和他的老板发生冲突。(come into conflict) ________________________________________________________________________ ④你应避免与你的邻居们冲突。(conflict with) ________________________________________________________________________ 14. turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是；制造，生产 turn up 调大；出现 turn down 调小；拒绝 turn to 转向；求助于 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn in 上交；交还 ❶The factory turns out 10,000 computers per week. 这家工厂每周生产10 000台电脑。 ❷It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack. 原来他的兄弟死于心脏病发作。 ❸He promised he would come, but he hasn't turned up yet. 他承诺会来，但他还没有露面。 ❹She turned down the job offer because she wanted more money. 她拒绝了那份工作，因为她想要更高的工资。 ❺Before this I should have smiled and turned her down. 在这之前，我本该笑着拒绝她。 ❻I don't know who to turn to. 我不知道向谁求助。 ❼I want to turn on the television. 我想打开电视。 ❽The light is a bit too harsh. You can turn it off. 灯光有点太刺眼了。你可以把灯关掉。 ❾I went back to the station­house to turn in my badge and gun. 我回到警局，交还了我的警徽和佩枪。 特别提示： turn out当“结果是”讲时通常用于中 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①You must turn ________ your equipment before you leave the army. ②I can't hear the radio very well. Could you turn it ________ a bit? ③The experiment turned ________ to be a great success. ④He tried to join the army but was turned ________ because of poor health. ⑤The child turned ________ his mother for comfort. ⑥It's getting dark. Please turn ________ the light. 15. pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏；步速；一步　vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏；来回踱步，走来走去 pace of. . . ……的速度 keep pace with sth. /sb. 与某物/某人步伐一致，并驾齐驱 at a/an. . . pace 以……的速度 ❶The runners have noticeably quickened their pace. 赛跑者明显加快了脚步。 ❷Traffic jams frequently reduce traffic to walking pace. 交通阻塞经常把车流的速度降低得如同步行一样缓慢。 ❸We have adjusted ourselves to the pace of the life. 我们已经使自己适应了生活的节奏。 ❹She walks so fast that I can't keep pace with her. 她走得如此快，我跟不上她。 ❺As they waited, Kravis paced the room nervously. 在他们等待的时候克拉维斯在屋里不安地踱来踱去。 ❻It was a tough race and I had to pace myself. 这是场艰苦的比赛，我不得不控制好自己的节奏。 名师点津： 近义词辨析： ①speed n. 速度，速率 普通用词，指交通工具等运动的速率或事情发生的速度。 The train went by at high speed. 火车疾驶而过。 ②pace n. 步速，速度 指人步行的速度。 He quickened his pace. 他加快了步伐。 ③rate n. 速度，速率 常指某事在一段时间内发生的速度，可与speed换用。 His money was running out at an alarming rate/speed. 他的钱用的很快，速度惊人。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①He'd only gone a few ________(pace) before he stopped again. ②Many people were not satisfied with the pace ________ reform. ③Farmers are angry because the price rise fails to keep pace ________ inflation (通货膨胀). ④The train was moving now ________ a snail's pace. 16. urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动　vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐 (1) 催促某人做某事 urge that. . . (should) do sth. 极力主张；强调…… It is urged that. . . (should) do sth. 坚决要求…… (2)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 (3)urgency n. 紧迫；急事 ❶Our teacher urges us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near. 随着高考的临近，老师敦促我们努力学习。 ❷It is strongly urged by students that the library (should) be kept open during the weekend. 学生们极力主张图书馆周末也开放。 ❸It's of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid growth of online shopping. 随着网上购物的迅速发展，我们急需制定相关的法律。 高考助记： Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals. 吃饭时摄入充足的脂肪和盐会减少两餐之间想吃零食的欲望。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译 ①They urged that the Science Museum ________ (keep) open during the vacation. ②He urged me ________ (accept) his suggestion. 他要求我们立即采取行动。 ③________________________________________________________________________ ④________________________________________________________________________ ⑤________________________________________________________________________ 17. (教材P8)It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career. 就在今天十点钟，第一台时光机器开始运行了。 [句式分析]　本句中用到了强调句式 为了突出句子中的某一部分，我们通常会使用强调句，英语中表示强调时有一个很重要的句型：It is/was. . . that/who. . . ，可以强调除谓语以外的句子成分，如主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语等；强调人时，用who和that均可，其他情况用that。 ❶It was they that/who cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天是他们打扫的教室。(强调主语) ❷It was in the small house that he spent his childhood. 他就是在这所小房子里度过了他的童年时代。(强调地点状语) 特别提示： ①要判断一句话是否是强调句，只需要把It is/was和that/who去掉，如果去掉后句子依然成立，即句子的结构和语义均完整，则该句就是强调句，反之就不是。 ②It is/was not until. . . that. . . 是一种特殊的强调句型。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realised she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。 [即学即练]　翻译句子 ①昨天我母亲就是在街上遇到了汤姆。 ________________________________________________________________________ ②正是闪电造成了去年那场森林火灾。 ________________________________________________________________________ ③直到我朋友告诉我，我才知道真相。 ________________________________________________________________________ 18. (教材P8)Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. 夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯熄灭了，转眼间，白昼降临了。 [句式分析]　(1)as if＝as though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。 (2)as if引导状语从句。当说话人认为从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下： 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were) 与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done) 与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用would/could/might do ❶Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move. 快点！看起来火车要开了。 ❷It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it? 打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？ ❸A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. 一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。 ❹He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 特别提示： (1)如果as if/as though从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有be动词，则可省略从句的主语和be动词。 He acted as though (he were) a fool. 他表现得像个傻瓜。 (2)as if/as though后还可直接跟现在分词、过去分词、不定式及其他短语，实际上也是从句省略形式。 如：①He opened his mouth as if to say something. 他张开嘴，好像要说什么。 ②The football player is rolling on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg. 那位足球运动员在地上滚来滚去，好像是腿部受了重伤。 ③The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something lost on the sports ground. 这个男孩急躁地跑来跑去，好像是在找丢在操场上的什么东西。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①She loves the boy as though/as if she ________ (be) his mother. ②He talked about the moon as if/as though he ________ (be) there. ③我童年的一切一下子都涌进了我的脑海，仿佛刚刚发生的一样。 Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind ________________________________________. 【答案】 1. ①was appointed　②appointment　③as　④to catch　⑤with　⑥an 2. ①feels quite guilty　②felt guilty about/at 3. ①was dismissed　②be dismissed 4. ①was declared　②for　③on 5. ①超出……所能　②非常　③不仅仅　④多于，超过　⑤More than one farmer singer has appeared 6. ①understood　②change　③to break　④made him captain　⑤make himself heard 7. ①telling　②Being　③bringing　④leaving　⑤Not feeling　⑥While walking 8. ①On the hill stands a castle. ②On the front wall of the classroom hangs a national flag. ③Below me lay the attractive scenery I had been told about. ④Away ran the children before I could say a single word. ⑤There went the last train. ⑥By the window sat my mother with a cup of coffee in her hand. 9. ①is based　②on/upon　③Our policy should be based on self­reliance. /Our policy should be established on the basis of self­reliance. 　④We're going to/will meet there on a regular basis. 10. ①calculation　②calculating　③calculator　④on 11. ①senior to　junior to　②are inferior to those 12. ①up　②over　③on　④down 13. ①conflicted with　②in conflict with　③John often comes into conflict with his boss. 　④You should avoid conflicting with your neighbors. 14. ①in　②up　③out　④down　⑤to　⑥on 15. ①paces　②of　③with　④at 16. ①(should) be kept　②to accept　③He urged us to take an immediate action. 　④He urged us into taking an immediate action. 　⑤He urged that we (should) take an immediate action. 17. ①It was in the street that my mother met Tom yesterday. 　②It was lighting that caused the forest fire last year. 　③It was not until my friend told me that I knew the truth. 18. ①were　②had been　③as if/as though they had just happened 第3节 应用与提升 语境实战 翻译提升 Ⅰ. 单词语境填空(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词) 1. The salesman wants to live in an apartment, _______________(然而) his wife would rather live in a flat. 2. No matter how rich you are, you must treat the old with _______________ (尊严). 3. In the dry seasons, the villagers have to walk several miles to _______________ (取) water for daily use. 4. It has been _______________ (计算) that at least 47，000 employees were dismissed last year. 5. My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep the _______________ (步伐) of advances in science. 【答案】 1． whereas 2． dignity 3． fetch 4． calculated 5． pace Ⅱ. 词汇拓展单句填空。(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空) 1. My teacher made a suggestion that I should apologise to you for failing to keep the _______________ (appoint). 2. The traditional labour _______________ (divide) between men and women is gradually disappearing. 3. Now that there is little time left, we should settle down to dealing with something really _______________ (urge). 4. The _______________ (explode) was caused by burst of a gas pipe, which made the boss explode with anger. 5. I am guilty of the silly mistake I made yesterday and no words can express my _______________ (guilty). 【答案】 1． appointment 2． division 3． urgent 4． explosion 5． guilt III. 词块语法单句填空 pros and cons, fall away, turn out, on a . . . basis, take over 1. The weather forecast said that it would be rainy but it _______________to be fine. 2. His supporters _______________as his popularity declined. 3. Some people believe that robots will _______________ the world one day. What if that is the case? 4. The equipment is checked _______________ regular _______________. 5. It is necessary that we weigh the _______________ of including English words in Chinese dictionaries. 【答案】 1． turned out 2． fell away 3． take over 4． on a 5． basis 6． pros and cons IV. 重点句式仿写 1. 至于环境保护，起作用的不是我们说什么，而是我们做什么。(强调句型) As for the environmental protection, _________________________________makes a difference. 2. 他考试又没及格。 在我看来，与其说他愚蠢，倒不如说他懒惰。(more . . . than . . . ) He failed in the exam again. In my view, he _________________________________. 3. 在我们的教学楼前面矗立着两棵大树，它们使得我们的校园更加美丽。(完全倒装) In front of our teaching building _________________________________，which add to the beauty of our school. 【答案】 1． it is not what we say but what we do that 2． was more lazy than stupid 3． stand two big trees V. 课文语法填空。(Reading and Thinking部分) The company for which Larry worked was to have a newly­made robot 1. ________ (call) Tony, which was going to be tested out by his wife Claire at home. At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt 2. ________ (alarm). She thought 3. ________ was ridiculous that a robot should look so much like human, 4. ________ his smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed. On the second morning, Tony wanted to help her to dress, which made Claire 5. ________ (embarrass) and she refused him. But later she was glad that Tony could make her home 6. ________ (elegance), give her a new hairstyle and improve her makeup. To decorate her home, he could also write out a list of 7. ________ (item) for her to buy. And finally, Tony helped Claire to finish all the work. Tony suggested Claire that she 8. ________ (invite) Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was 9. ________ (leave) and Larry was to return. 10. ________ made us unbelievable was that Tony didn't want to leave Claire in the end! 【答案】 1. called　2. alarmed　3. it　4. with　5. embarrassed　6. elegant　7. items　8. (should) invite　9. to leave　10. What 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$