2024-2025学年高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册教材助读 清单

教材助读 UNIT 4　INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 教材原文助读1 词汇积累 ①say vt.[熟词生义] 表明(某人的性格或某物的特质)是…… say a lot about...充分表明了…… ②2D(2­dimensional)adj.二维的，平面的 ③appear vi.[熟生词义] 出现，首次使用 ④role­playing computer games n．[C，U]角色扮演电脑游戏 [构词法]role­playing是由“名词＋ v.­ing”构成的复合名词。类似的词还有bird­watching(赏鸟)、surf­riding(冲浪)、weight­lifting(举重)等。 ⑤a wide variety of...各种各样的 variety [və'raIəti]n.[sing.]多样化，变化 ⑥web chats网络聊天 ⑦self n．[C](自己的)通常的行为方式，本来面目，惯常心态 one's real self某人真实的自我 ⑧dress...in...给……穿…… ⑨the opposite sex异性 opposite['ɒpəzIt] adj.相反的；对立的 sex [seks]n.[C，U]性别 ⑩sensible ['sensəbl]adj. 朴素实用的；明智的，合理的 ⑪good­looking adj.漂亮的，好看的 ⑫room n．[U][熟词生义] 可能性，机会。后常与for连用。 room for improvement改进的余地 ⑬creativity [ˌkriːeI'tIvəti]n.[U]创造力；独创性 room for creativity发挥创造力的机会 develop/encourage creativity开发创造力/鼓励创新 ⑭blog [blɒɡ] n．[C]博客，网络日志vt.发表博客 blog posts博文；博客帖子 blogger n．[C]博客作者；博主 microblog微博 ⑮more or less几乎，差不多；大概 ⑯obviously['ɒbviəsli]adv.(用于说明某种情况或事实)显而易见地，明显地 obvious adj.明显的，显然的 ⑰experiment[Ik'sperImənt]vi.[熟词生义] 尝试，试用 experiment with...尝试…… ⑱hairstyle['heəstaIl]n.[C]发型，发式 ⑲nowadays['naʊədeIz]adv.现今，现时 ⑳selection [sI'lekʃən] n．[C]供选择的同类物品；[U]选择 a wide selection of...多种多样的……可供选择 [近义]a wide range of...各种各样的…… ㉑ready­made adj.已做好的，现成的 ㉒type in将(文字等)输入，键入 type [taIp] vt. & vi.打；打字 n．[C]类型，种类 ㉓attend classes上课 ㉔concern[kən'sɜːn] n．[C，U]担忧，忧虑vt.与……有关；使担心 ㉕risk n．[C]会带来风险的事物 ㉖cheat [tʃiːt] vt.欺骗；欺诈 ㉗view [vjuː] vt.看，把……视为 ㉘in a．..light从……的角度 view...in a positive light从积极的角度来看待…… light n．[C] [熟词生义] 见解，角度，眼光 ㉙look forward to(高兴地)盼望，期待(to为介词) 读文清障 The avatar you choose says① a lot about you. The article will help you understand your choice of avatars better. When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. [1]These digital identities, known as avatars, are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves. [1]本句的主干是“These digital identities are a key part”。其中known as avatars是过去分词短语作定语；“how people use...express themselves”是宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。 The first simple 2D② avatars appeared③ in role­playing computer games④ in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of⑤ forms and uses. [2]By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats⑥. [2]本句中使用了过去完成时的被动语态。此处they指代前文提到的avatars，与use是动宾关系，故用被动语态。时间状语By the late 1990s 提示本句谓语应用过去完成时。 When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves⑦ at all. They could dress their avatars in⑧ fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex⑨， and call themselves “Andy” instead of “Anna”！ When Internet users realised that their avatars [3]would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar: a sensible⑩ one for work; a friendly, good­looking⑪ one for meeting people; and a silly one for having fun. Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room⑫ for creativity⑬. [3]此处使用了过去将来时的被动语态。see与their avatars之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；又因see表示的动作发生在realised之后，但仍发生在过去的时间里，故用过去将来时。 Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog⑭ avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “I like relaxing and having fun”. Well­known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I'm a really funny person”. [4]Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less⑮ like them and act like them. However, nearly all avatars are tall, young and nice­looking, so people obviously⑯ make their avatars look better than they do in real life. They also experiment⑰ with things like different hairstyles⑱ — which says a lot, perhaps, about what they want to look like. [4]本句是主从复合句。其中两个that引导的定语从句均修饰同一个先行词avatars。在这种句型中，通常用并列连词将两个定语从句连接起来。在正式文体中，第二个定语从句须重复相同的关系代词。 Nowadays⑲， avatars are everywhere. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection⑳ of ready­made images, or create their own images. [5]You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message. The avatars in online worlds can talk, walk and fly around, meet people, go shopping and attend classes. [5]本句为主从复合句。“that move around and talk”是定语从句，修饰先行词avatars。“when you type in your message”为when引导的时间状语从句。 The use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online. However, other users view avatars in a more positive light. They look forward to [6]a time when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around bigger, more exciting virtual worlds ． [6]此处“when their...worlds”为定语从句，修饰先行词a time。 原文翻译 你选择的虚拟形象能透露出你的很多信息。这篇文章将帮助你更好地理解关于虚拟形象的选择。 当你上网时，你可以是任何人或任何事物。你可以创设自己的形象，并且拥有新的个性。这些数学身份被称作“虚拟形象”，是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。 简单的二维码虚拟形象最早出现在20世纪80年代的角色扮演电脑游戏中。然而，很少有人知道未来的虚拟形象会有如此广泛的形式和用途。到20世纪90年代末，虚拟形象就已经用于网络聊天中了。 当人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设新的身份，这种身份在相貌和行为上可以与真正的自我完全不同。他们可以给自己的虚拟形象穿上华丽的衣服，或者尝试换个性别，并给自己取名为“安迪”，而不是“安娜”！当互联网用户意识到很多人会看到他们的虚拟形象，而不仅仅是他们的朋友时，他们开始使用多个虚拟形象：朴素实用的虚拟形象用于工作；友好的、漂亮的虚拟形象用于交友；可笑的虚拟形象用于取乐。虚拟形象让你可以表达自己，还给你很多创造的空间。 当然，你所选择的虚拟形象会在很大程度上显露你的个性。如果你的博客头像是一只可爱的猫，你传递的信息是“我喜欢放松和享受”。著名的卡通角色或大笑的猴子表示“我是个很有趣的人”。大多数人创设的虚拟形象与他们的个性有着相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，在行为上也像他们。然而，几乎所有的虚拟形象都个头高挑、年轻、面容姣好，所以人们显然想让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好。人们还进行尝试，例如换不同的发型，这可能从很大程度上透露了他们希望自己看起来是什么样子。 现在，虚拟形象无处不在。在大多数网络聊天中，人们都是从现成的图片中选择一个作为虚拟形象，或者创建自己的图像。你还可以使用在输入信息时能够活动或说话的虚拟形象。网络世界中的虚拟形象可以交谈、行走、四处飞行，还可以结识他人、购物和上课。 虚拟形象的使用也引起了一些担忧。一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界中花费太多时间，以至于变得害怕在现实世界中与人见面。使用多个虚拟形象也可能会带来风险，因为有人可能会在网上使用虚拟形象欺骗他人。但是，其他用户则以更积极的态度看待虚拟形象。他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。 教材原文助读2 词汇积累 ①be no replacement for不能替代 replacement [rI'pleIsmənt] n．[U]替换，更换 replace[rI'pleIs]vt.取代；接替 ②face­to­face contact面对面的接触 contact ['kɒntækt] n．[U]& vt.联络，联系 ③real­life adj.现实的，现实生活中的 ④hug [hʌɡ] n．& vt.拥抱；紧抱 ⑤parenting expert育儿专家 ⑥concentrate['kɒnsəntreIt] vi. 专注，专心；集中注意力 ⑦show kindness to sb.对某人友好 ⑧social skill社交技能 ⑨develop lifelong friendship发展终身的友谊 lifelong ['laIflɒŋ]adj.终身的 ⑩but [熟生词义] prep.除了 ⑪be concerned with...关心…… ⑫follower n．[C](微博客上某人的)关注者；拥护者；效仿者 ⑬the number of...……的数量 ⑭compare to...与……相比(to为介词) ⑮long­term adj.长期的，长远的，长期有效的 ⑯rewarding [rI'wɔːdIŋ] adj.有益的；有意义的；报酬高的 ⑰in addition除此之外 ⑱content ['kɒntent] n．[U，sing.]内容 ⑲social media社交媒体 ⑳shallow ['ʃæləʊ]adj.肤浅的， 浅薄的 ㉑trivial['trIviəl]adj.没有什么价值的；微不足道的 ㉒not necessarily不一定 ㉓be built on the basis of...建立在……的基础上 basis ['beIsIs]n.[C]基础；基点 ㉔percent n．百分比；百分数 ㉕be honest about...对……诚实 ㉖particularly [pə'tIkjələli] adv.尤其，特别 ㉗trusting ['trʌstIŋ]adj.轻信的，轻易信赖别人的 ㉘in one's opinion在某人看来(相当于in one's view) opinion [ə'pInjən] n. [C]意见；看法；主张 ㉙focus on关注 focus ['fəʊkəs] vi.给予某物关注 n．焦点 ㉚way to do sth.(＝way of doing sth.)做某事的方法 ㉛maintain[meIn'teIn]vt.保持；维持 读文清障 The Internet Harms Friendships [1]While the Internet can bring people closer together, it can also harm friendships. [1]此处为while引导的让步状语从句，while在此意为“虽然”。　　Firstly, [2]talking online is no replacement for① face­to­face contact② —images really cannot replace a real­life③ smile or hug④. According to a parenting expert⑤， Denise Daniels, [3]communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate⑥ or show kindness to others⑦. [4] As we know, important social skills⑧ are developed through direct contact with other people.[5] It is these skills that enable us to develop lifelong friendships⑨. [2]此处为v.­ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 [3]“communicating through a screen”是v.­ing短语作主语。“makes it...to others”属于“make it ＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.”结构，it为形式宾语，不定式短语“to concentrate or show kindness to others”是真正的宾语。 [4]此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。as we know意为“众所周知”。 [5]本句为强调句，强调主语these skills。　　Secondly, the Internet can make people self­centred — not thinking of anyone or anything but⑩ themselves. [6]For example, instead of having proper conversations with their friends, some people are only concerned with⑪ their online popularity—How many “likes” did I get? How many followers⑫ do I have? — though we know that the number of⑬ “likes” or followers cannot compare to⑭ having long­term⑮ and rewarding⑯ friendships. In addition⑰， a lot of the content⑱ [7]posted on social media⑲ is shallow⑳ or trivial. Posts about funny cat images do not necessarily help form meaningful relationships. [6]本句的主干是“some people are only concerned with their online popularity”。破折号之间的两个疑问句是对前面内容的解释和说明。“though we know...rewarding friendships”是though引导的让步状语从句，其中含有一个that引导的宾语从句。 [7]此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰content。 Thirdly, online relationships may not be [8]what they appear to be. Friendships are built on the basis of trust, and with online communication you can never be 100 percent sure [9]that the people you are chatting to are being honest about who they are. Because of this, going online can be particularly dangerous for people [10]who are easily influenced or too trusting. [8]what在此引导表语从句，what在从句中作表语。 [9]此处为that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中的“you are chatting to”是省略关系词who/whom/that的定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作宾语。“who they are”为who引导的宾语从句。 [10]此处为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people，who在定语从句中作主语。 In my opinion, friends should focus more on face­to­face communication, and less on online communication. This is the best way to maintain healthy relationships. 原文翻译 互联网对友谊有害 虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。 首先，网上聊天不能代替面对面的接触——图片确实无法代替现实生活中的微笑或拥抱。根据育儿专家丹尼斯·丹尼尔斯的说法，通过屏幕交流会使儿童更难集中注意力或对他人表示善意。众所周知，重要的社交技能是通过直接与他人接触培养的。正是这些技能使我们发展终生的友谊。 其次，互联网使人们以自我为中心，即不去想除自己之外的任何人或任何事。例如，一些人不再和朋友好好地交谈了，他们只关心自己网上的人气——我得了多少个“赞”？多少人关注了我？——尽管我们知道有多少个“赞”或关注者无法与拥有长期和有意义的友谊相比。此外，很多发布在社交媒体上的内容都很肤浅或琐碎。(在网上)发布搞笑猫咪的图片并不一定会帮助建立有意义的关系。 第三，网络关系可能并不是它们看起来的样子。友谊建立在信任的基础上，通过线上交流，你永远不能百分之百地确信与你交谈的人是否以诚相待。因此，对于那些容易受影响或太过轻信的人来说，上网会尤其危险。 在我看来，朋友们应该更多地关注面对面的交流，少进行线上交流。这是保持健康关系的最佳方式。 教材原文助读3 词汇积累 ①in many ways在很多方面 ②stay in touch with...与……保持联系 ③smartphone ['smɑːtfəʊn] n．[C]智能手机 ④tablet ['tæblIt] n．[C]平板电脑；药片；碑，牌 ⑤be in contact接触；联络 ⑥on the move在行进中，在移动中 ⑦traditional [trə'dIʃənl] adj.传统的，惯例的 tradition [trə'dIʃn] n．传统 ⑧limiting ['lImItIŋ] adj.局限的，限制性的 ⑨take time花费时间 ⑩brief [briːf] adj.简洁的，简明的 ⑪a response to...对……的回应 response [rI'spɒns] n. [C，U]反应；回答，答复 ⑫emoji [I'məʊdʒi] n．[C]表情符号 ⑬creative [kri'eItIv] adj.创造性的 ⑭click[klIk] n．[C](对计算机鼠标的)点按，单击 ⑮immediately [I'miːdiətli] adv.立即，马上，即刻 ⑯provide useful suggestions提供有用的建议 ⑰care for照顾，照料(病、老、幼者等)；深深地爱，非常喜欢 ⑱thought­provoking ['θɔːt prəvəʊkIŋ] adj.发人深省的，令人深思的 ⑲point out指出 point at/to指向 ⑳benefit ['benIfIt] n. [C，U] 益处，好处 beneficial [ˌbenI'fIʃl] adj.有利的，有裨益的，有用的 ㉑authority [ɔː'θɒrəti] n．[C]权威人士；专家 读文清障 The Internet Helps Friendships The Internet can help develop friendships in many ways①. Firstly, the Internet makes communication much more convenient. You can stay in touch with② friends [1]no matter where you are or what you are doing. [2]Using a smartphone③， a tablet④ or a computer, you can be in contact⑤ at home and also when you are on the move⑥. [1]or为并列连词，连接两个“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导的让步状语从句，what you are doing前省略了no matter。 [2]此处为现在分词短语作状语。 Secondly, the Internet has also made communication more fun. Traditional⑦ ways of communicating, like letters and phone calls, can be limiting⑧ and take time⑨. However, you can share photos, videos, news stories and websites with your friends online. You can give a brief ⑩ response to⑪ a message with an emoji⑫ or a picture. There are so many online tools [3]you can use to be creative⑬！ [3]此处是省略了关系词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词tools。 Thirdly, online communication can actually bring people closer to each other. Nowadays, your friends are just a click⑭ away. [4]Whenever someone needs help, friends from all over the world can immediately⑮ provide useful suggestions⑯ or information. This makes friends feel loved and cared for⑰. To me, this is a very thought­provoking⑱ argument, [5]as it points out⑲ the benefits⑳ of online friendships. [6]As Eileen Kennedy­Moore, an authority on the subject, points out, online friends “fill holes real­life friends can't”． [4]此处为whenever引导的时间状语从句，相当于no matter when。 [5]此处为as引导的原因状语从句，as在此意为“因为、由于”。 [6]as在此引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。“real­life friends can't”为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰holes，can't后省略了动词fill。 Finally, I believe the Internet brings people closer together and makes communication with friends more convenient and interesting. 原文翻译 互联网有助于友谊 互联网在很多方面都有助于友谊发展。 首先，互联网使交流更加便捷。你无论在哪里，在做什么，都可以和朋友保持联系。通过使用智能手机、平板电脑或电脑，你无论在家里还是在外面都能与他人联络。 其次，互联网也使交流变得更加有趣了。传统的沟通方式，如信件和电话，又局限又费时。但是(通过互联网)，你可以在线与朋友共享照片、视频、新闻故事和网站。你可以用一个表情符号或一张图片简短地回复信息。你可以使用这么多的在线工具，让交流变得有创意！ 第三，在线交流实际上可以让人们彼此更亲近。现在，只要点一下鼠标，就能找到你的朋友。无论何时有人需要帮助，来自世界各地的朋友可以立即提供有用的建议或信息。这能让朋友们感到被爱和被关心。对我来说，这是一个非常发人深省的论点，因为它指出了线上友谊的好处。正如这一方面的权威人士艾琳·肯尼迪·穆尔所指出的，网络朋友“填补了现实生活中朋友无法填补的空白”。 最后，我相信互联网能使人们更紧密地联系在一起，让朋友间的交流更加方便和有趣。 UNIT 5　HUMANS AND NATURE 教材原文助读1 词汇积累 ①soul [səʊl] n．灵魂，心灵 ②risk vt.冒险n.[C，U]风险；危险 risk doing sth.冒险做某事 take a risk冒险 ③all at once突然，忽然 at once立即，马上；同时 once again/once more 再一次，再次 (every) once in a while偶尔地，间或 once or twice一两次，几次 once upon a time(用于故事的开头)从前，很久以前 ④frightened ['fraItnd] adj.受惊的，害怕的 frightening adj.令人害怕的 ⑤in the direction of...朝着……的方向 ⑥hopeless adj.无望的 ­less是常见后缀，可用于构成形容词，表示“无……的，不……的” ⑦feel sick作呕；感觉病了 ⑧round and round(尤指徒劳地)兜兜转转 ⑨horrible ['hɒrəbəl] adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 ⑩on the edge of...在……的边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) ⑪calm [kɑːm] adj.镇定的，沉着的 ⑫the power of nature大自然的力量 ⑬be over结束 ⑭moment after moment一刻又一刻 ⑮at great speed快速地 at the speed of...以……的速度 ⑯barrel ['bærəl] n．[C]桶 ⑰become curious about... 对……变得好奇 ⑱make observations进行观察 observation [ˌɒbzə'veIʃən] n．[U，C]观察；观察结果 under observation受到监视 powers of observation观察力 observe v．观察 ⑲equal [iːkwəl] adj.相等的；相同的 ⑳extent [Ik'stent] n．[sing.，U]面积，长度；范围；程度，限度 to a certain/some extent 在某种程度上 ㉑tube [tjuːb] n．[C]圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁 ㉒tie...to...把……捆(系，绑)到……上 ㉓wild adj.狂暴的；暴风雨的 [反义词]calm风平浪静的；平静的 ㉔clear adj.无云(或雾)的；晴朗的 ㉕in the end最后 ㉖pick up搭救，营救 ㉗be unable to do sth. 不能做某事 ㉘recognise vt.辨认出 读文清障 About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. [1]That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul①. You think I am a very old man—but I am not. It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. [1]本句中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the day。从句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是to break my body and soul。从句使用了句型it takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth.，意为“(某人)花费时间做某事”。 One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands [2]where we often risked② going and got more fish than others. All at once③， the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea. My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out “Moskoe­strom！” [3]The moment I heard the word I became very frightened④. [4]I knew what he meant by that one word well enough. [2]此处where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the islands。 [3]本句中The moment引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。 [4]本句中what引导宾语从句，在从句中作meant的宾语。 With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of⑤ the whirlpool. We were hopeless⑥. Nothing could save us. I felt sick⑦， [5]as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. We went round and round⑧， nearer and nearer to the horrible⑨ edge of the whirlpool. It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of⑩ the whirlpool, I felt calmer⑪ than when we were moving towards it. [6]I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature⑫. Suddenly, we went over the edge. I thought my life was over⑬. But moment after moment⑭ passed, and I was still safe. [5]此处as if引导方式状语从句。 [6]本句中主句为I began to think，两个how均引导宾语从句，作think的宾语。 The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed⑮. I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool—trees and barrels⑯. After a while, I became curious about⑰ the whirlpool itself. I then made three important observations⑱. The first, [7]the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal⑲ extent⑳， round objects fell down more rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, objects [8]shaped like a tube fell down more slowly. So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. I tried to make my brother understand, but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat. Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape. [7]此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……就越……”。 [8]此处“shaped like a tube”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰objects。 As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision. Some time after I left the boat, with my brother in it, it was pulled into the bottom of the whirlpool. Soon after that, the whirlpool became less wild. Then the sky was clear, the wind calmer, and the moon was shining. I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area [9]where the other fishermen were. In the end, a boat picked me up. I was very tired. The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable to recognise me. When I told them my story, they did not believe it. Now I have told you, and [10]I cannot expect you to believe me any more than the fishermen did． [9]此处where引导定语从句，修饰先行词an area。 [10]此处than引导比较状语从句。　 原文翻译 大约3年前，我遭遇了一件极其可怕的事情。那天，仅仅6个小时的时间就使我的身心遭受重创。你会觉得我年纪已长，但事实并非如此。我只是在不到一天的时间里，满头黑发尽数变白。 一天，我和我的两个兄弟从我们经常去探险的岛屿返回，并且抓的鱼比其他人都多。突然之间，天空布满了乌云，不到一分钟，我们便陷入了可怕的风暴中。一个巨浪淹没了我们的船，我的弟弟掉进了海里。我的哥哥把嘴贴近我耳边大喊：“大漩涡！”一听到这个词，我就感到万分恐惧。我非常清楚那个词所代表的意义。 在巨风猛浪的裹挟下，我们朝着漩涡的方向移动。我们绝望了。谁也救不了我们。我感到一阵恶心，仿佛在梦里从山顶坠落。我们一圈又一圈地转动着，越来越靠近那个可怕的漩涡边缘。这么说可能显得奇怪，不过那个时候，当我们处在漩涡边缘时，我反而比向漩涡移动时更平静。我不禁开始思考，以这种方式死去是多么令人难以置信的事啊！能看到大自然的力量是多么美妙啊！突然，我们越过了边缘。我想，我的生命结束了。但是时间一分一秒流逝着，我依旧安然无恙。 船只进入巨大的漩涡，我们开始高速旋转。我清楚地看到，漩涡里还有其他东西——大树和桶。过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。然后我开始观察漩涡，并有了三个重要发现。第一，物体越大，下落速度就越快；第二，两个同等面积的物体，圆形物体下落得较快；第三，两个同等大小的物体，圆管形的物体下落得较慢。于是，我把自己绑在一只桶上，好让自己漂浮起来。我试图让哥哥也能明白这一点，但他实在太害怕了，坚持留在笨重的船上。没等多久，我一跃跳进海里，试图逃生。 如你所见，我还能在这里讲述这个故事，就是因为我做了正确的决定。我从船上跳下之后，哥哥还在上面，过了一段时间，船被吸入漩涡底部。此后不久，漩涡变得温和了。然后天气晴朗，风平浪静，月亮也明亮起来。我一直被绑在桶上，很快，海浪把我带到其他渔民所在的地方。最后，我被一艘船救起。我疲惫极了。这些渔民都是我的老朋友了，却没能认出我来。我向他们讲述自己的经历时，他们表示无法相信。现在，我又将这段经历告诉了你们，或许你们会和渔民一样，感到难以置信吧。 教材原文助读2 词汇积累 ①captain ['kæptIn] n．(海军)上校，(陆军或美国空军的)上尉；船长，机长；队长；组长 ②on the way to...在去……的途中 ③polar ['pəʊlə] adj.极地的，地极的 a polar bear北极熊 the polar regions极地地区 polar explorers极地探险家 ④food bases食品储备点 base [beIs] n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地 ⑤in preparation for... 为……做准备 ⑥anxiously ['æŋkʃəsli] adv. 焦虑地；不安地 anxious ['æŋkʃəs] adj.焦虑的，担心的 anxiety [æŋ'zaIəti] n．[U]焦虑，忧虑；担心，害怕 ⑦sledge [sledʒ] n．[C]雪橇 ⑧ski [skiː] n．滑雪板 vi.滑雪 skiing ['skiːIŋ] n．[U]滑雪(运动) go skiing去滑雪 ⑨make rapid progress取得迅速的进展 ⑩break down停止运转，出故障 ⑪with the snow and the cold 由于大雪和严寒 ⑫prepare for the return journey准备返程 ⑬ahead of...早于…… ⑭ambition [æm'bIʃən] n．[U]抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿 ⑮in the history of... 在……历史上 ⑯tired adj.疲倦的，疲劳的，困倦的 tiring adj.令人困倦的，使人疲劳的，累人的 ⑰weather conditions天气情况 condition n．状态；状况 ⑱cheerful ['tʃIəfəl] adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的 ⑲all the way一路上；自始至终 ⑳at one time曾经有一个时期，一度 at a time每次 ㉑the distant past很久以前，遥远的过去 distant ['dIstənt] adj.久远的；遥远的 ㉒continent ['kɒntInənt] n．[C]洲，大洲；大陆 the continent of Antarctica 南极大陆 ㉓have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 have difficulty with... 在……方面有困难 ㉔meet the end过世 end n．[usually sing.]辞世，过世(婉辞，与death同义) ㉕carry on继续移动 ㉖tent [tent] n．[C]帐篷 put up/take down a tent 搭/拆帐篷 ㉗price n．[熟词生义]代价 ㉘honesty ['ɒnəsti] n．[U]坦诚；诚实，正直 honest ['ɒnIst] adj.坦诚的；诚实的，正直的 ㉙sincerity [sIn'serəti] n．[U]真诚，真挚，诚实 sincere [sIn'sIə(r)] adj.真诚的，诚挚的；诚实的 ㉚bravery ['breIvəri] n．[U]勇气；勇敢的行为 读文清障 On 1 June, 1910, Captain① Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica. [1]While he was on the way to② Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too. Then the race to the South Pole began! [1]本句为主从复合句。While引导时间状语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词a message。 During the polar③ summer of 1910－1911, both teams organised food bases④ in preparation for⑤ their journeys the next year. [2]Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously⑥ for spring. [2]本句为副词提前引起的完全倒装句。正常语序为“The total darkness of the polar winter came then.”。 [3]Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. He [4]had teams of dogs pulling the sledges⑦ and all his men were on skis⑧. Because of this, he made rapid progress⑨. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges broke down⑩ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold⑪. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves. [3]本句包含“the＋序数词＋动词不定式”结构，to leave作后置定语，修饰the first。 [4]此处是“have sb./sth. doing sth.”结构，意为“让某人/某物一直做某事”。 Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey⑫. Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912, ten days ahead of⑬ their planned schedule. Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912. They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote in his diary：“Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition⑭ and must face 800 miles of [5]hard pushing—and goodbye to most of our dreams．” [5]此处pushing指的是上文提到的“push the sledges themselves”，用hard pushing表示返程的艰难；goodbye是say goodbye的意思。 The return journey was one of the worst in the history of⑮ exploration. The men were soon very tired⑯ and were running out of food. The weather conditions⑰ were terrible. Scott started to realise their hopeless situation：“[6]We are very cheerful⑱， but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. [7]Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.” [6]此处是what引导的宾语从句作guess的宾语，正常语序应该为“I can only guess what each man feels in his heart”。 [7]本句中v.­ing短语“Putting on our shoes”作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；这句和上一句话表达了当时人们的绝望之情。 However, on their way back they found time to look for rocks. They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way⑲ with them. Later, these rocks proved that at one time⑳ in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants. Then disaster came. Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall. The next [8]to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking. Scott recorded his death: “He said, ‘[9]I am just going outside and may be some time.’．.. [10]We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit, and certainly the end is not far.” [8]此处作后置定语修饰The next。这里的The next to go指“下一个去世的人”。 [9]本句是奥茨和队友的告别。面对死亡，他只是说“我只是出去走走，可能要待上一会儿。”这说明了他的勇敢。 [10]本句是由but连接的并列复合句；第二个分句中含有一个though引导的让步状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。 Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent. Scott spent some of his last hours writing. He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen: “I could tell you lots and lots about this journey. What stories you would have for the boy...but what a price to pay.” Scott's diary also told the story of their end: “We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can't be far. It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.” The news of Scott's death shocked the world. Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man”. Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage [11]shown by Scott and his men made them heroes. [11]此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the great courage。 原文翻译 1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始他的南极之旅。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的消息，说他也要去南极。于是，一场南极探险比赛开始了！ 在1910－1911年的极地夏季期间，两支队伍都为来年的探险建了食品储备点。之后，完全漆黑的极地冬天来了。斯科特和阿蒙森焦急地等待着春天的到来。 1911年9月8日，阿蒙森率先出发。他让几队狗拉着雪橇，所有的队员都坐滑雪板前行。因此，他进展很快。11月1日，斯科特出发，不久就遇到了麻烦。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，然后马匹开始因大雪和严寒天气出现严重问题。没过多久，斯科特和他的队员不得不自己推着雪橇前行。 1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达南极，在那里插上了挪威国旗，然后准备返程。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的队伍安全返回出发基地，比他们的原计划提前了10天。 1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员最终抵达南极。他们看到挪威国旗时深感震惊。斯科特在他的日记中写道： “好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们雄伟的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦路途——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想告别。” 此次回程堪称探险史上最艰难的返程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了，天气情况也很恶劣。斯科特开始意识到他们的绝望处境：“我们(看上去)都很高兴，但每个人心里的感受我却只能猜测。大家早上鞋子穿得越来越慢了。” 然而，返程途中，他们还花时间找岩石，一路带着20公斤的岩石行进。后来，这些石块证实，在遥远的过去，南极大陆曾经被植被覆盖。 之后，灾难来袭。埃德加·埃文斯得了重病，重重地跌倒后去世了。下一个去世的是奥茨上校，他走路非常吃力。斯科特记录了他的死亡：“他说，‘我只是出去(走走)，可能要待上一会儿’……我们都知道，可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们也曾试图阻止他，但我们都明白，这是一个勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望以同样的精神挺到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。” 斯科特和两名队员继续前进，到达了离他们的一处食品储备点不足11英里的地方。但是，紧接着一场可怕的暴风雪袭来，他们完全不能离开帐篷。在他生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。他给妻子凯瑟琳写了一封充满悲伤的信：“我有好多好多关于这次旅行的事情要告诉你，你将会有多棒的故事可以讲给儿子听啊……但这付出了多大的代价啊。” 斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：“我们越来越虚弱，死亡不会远了。很遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。” 斯科特去世的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也被斯科特的离世打动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真挚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切品质。” 斯科特没能赢得南极探险的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员们表现出的巨大勇气使他们成了英雄。 UNIT 6　THE ADMIRABLE 教材原文助读1 词汇积累 ①stage [steIdʒ] n．[C]舞台；(发展或进展的)时期，阶段，状态；段，步，步骤 ②award [ə'wɔːd] vt.授予；给予n.奖品；奖 ③committee [kə'mIti] n．[C]委员会 ④lead to 导致 [联想]表示“导致”的其他词语：cause、result in、contribute to等。 ⑤honour ['ɒnə] n．[U]荣誉vt.感到荣幸 ⑥recognition [ˌrekəɡ'nIʃən] n．表彰；赞扬 ⑦encouragement [In'kʌrIdʒmənt] n. 鼓励；激励 ⑧academy [ə'kædəmi] n．[C]研究院；学会 ⑨gain a deep knowledge 获得渊博的知识 gain [ɡeIn] v．获得，赢得，取得；受益．好处；利益 ⑩practice n．[U，C][熟词生义](医生、律师的)工作，业务活动 ⑪establish [I'stæblIʃ] vt. 建立，创立，设立 ⑫across/throughout the world全世界 ⑬chemical ['kemIkəl] n．[C]化学制品，化学品adj.化学的 ⑭herb [hɜːb] n．[C]药草；香草 ⑮literature ['lItərətʃə] n. 文献资料；著述；文学 literature on sth.关于某事物的文献/著作/资料 ⑯traditional Chinese medicine 传统中药 ⑰recipe ['resIpi] n. [sing.]方法，秘诀，诀窍；[C]烹饪法，食谱；处方 ⑱anti­malarial adj. 抗疟疾的 ⑲limited resources有限的资源 limited ['lImItId] adj.有限的 resource [rI'zɔːs] n. [C，usually pl.]资源，财力；物力 natural resources 自然资源 ⑳staff [stɑːf] n．(集合名词)全体职员(或雇员)，员工 medical/teaching staff 全体医务人员/全体教师 ㉑eventually [I'ventʃuəli] adv. 最终；终于 ㉒come across 偶遇；碰见；发现 ㉓promising ['prɒmIsIŋ] adj.大有希望的，有前途的，有出息的 ㉔volunteer to do sth.志愿做某事 ㉕subject n．[C] [熟词生义] 接受试验者，实验对象 ㉖success n．[C]成功的事 ㉗fame [feIm] n．[U]名声，名誉，名气 achieve/win fame 获得/赢得名声 rise/shoot to fame overnight 一夜之间成名 ㉘internationally adv.世界地，国际性地 ㉙be selected by...as...被……选为…… ㉚influential [ˌInflu'enʃl]adj.有很大影响的，有支配力的 influence vt. & n．[U，C]影响 have an influence on对……有影响 ㉛figure ['fIɡə(r)] n. [C]人物；数字符号；数字 v．认为；计算；出现 ㉜along with 除……以外(还)，与……同样地 [注意]主语后有with、along with、together with 等时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。 ㉝be noted for＝ be famous/known for 以……著名/闻名 ㉞bridge [熟词生义] vt.结合(极为不同的两者) conduct research 进行研究 despite [dI'spaIt] prep. 即使，尽管(相当于in spite of) ；虽然 wisdom ['wIzdəm] n. [U]知识，学问；智慧 wise adj.充满智慧的，明智的 potential [pə'tenʃəl] n. [U]潜力；可能性 adj. 潜在的，可能的 advance [əd'vɑːns] n. [C，U]发展；进步 integrate ['IntIɡreIt] vi. & vt.(使)结合；(使)成为一体 integrate A into/with/and B使A和B结合在一起 读文清障 At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84­year­old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage①.She began to talk about the life­saving drug, artemisinin, [1]which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s．The woman was Tu Youyou, [2]the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded② a Nobel Prize for her work．A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee③ called Hans Forssberg explained that“the discovery of artemisinin has led to④ the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”．[3]When thanking the Committee for the honour⑤， Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition⑥ of and encouragement⑦ for all scientists in China.” [1]此处为which 引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为artemisinin。 [2]此处为Tu Youyou的同位语；scientist前有序数词the first 修饰，故其后用了动词不定式to be awarded作后置定语，award与逻辑主语scientist之间为动宾关系，故不定式用了被动语态。 [3]本句中When thanking...honour为“连词＋现在分词”结构，thank与其逻辑主语Tu Youyou之间为主谓关系。直接引语中包含“not only...but also...”结构，意为“不仅……而且……”。 Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre.After graduation, she became a member of China Academy⑧ of Chinese Medical Sciences. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field [4]from whom she gained a deep knowledge⑨ about traditional practices⑩. [4]此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词experts。 In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish⑪ a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year. Across the world⑫， scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240，000 chemicals⑬ with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea [5]that Chinese herbs⑭ might hold the secret．She studied ancient Chinese medical literature⑮ and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine⑯.She researched hundreds of traditional recipes⑰ connected to anti­malarial⑱ cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one. [5]此处为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。 This was not an easy task. [6]The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources⑲.[7]They did not have enough staff⑳， and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know [8]if it was safe for humans．Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human a subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success.The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's most effective drug for fighting malaria. [6]本句为主从复合句。why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason; that引导表语从句。 [7]本句为并列复合句。and连接两个并列句； in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词laboratory。 [8]此处为if引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。 [9]Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned.In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. [10]Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. According to Tu Youyou，“From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated ”． [9]本句为主从复合句。Even though引导让步状语从句；whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientist, whose在从句中作work的定语。 [10]本句为主从复合句。本句的主体为Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery, her ability and the fact; ability后是动词不定式短语作定语。 that引导同位语从句；saving millions of lives 为现在分词短语作结果状语。 原文翻译 在2015年12月7日的诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一位84岁的中国女士慢慢地走上领奖台。她开始谈论挽救生命的药物，青蒿素，这种药是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的。这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位因工作成果而获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。诺贝尔奖委员会的一位名叫汉斯·福斯伯格的科学家解释说：“青蒿素的发现使得新药得以开发，这些药物拯救了数百万人的生命。”感谢诺贝尔奖委员会授予自己这项荣誉时，屠呦呦说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的肯定和鼓励。” 1930年12月30日，屠呦呦出生于中国浙江省。她曾在北京大学健康科学中心学习医学。毕业后，她成为中国中医科学院的一员。后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医，从他们身上获得了有关传统医学工作的渊博知识。 1969年，屠呦呦被选中组建一个团队来寻找疟疾的治疗方法——一种每年导致数百万人死亡的疾病。世界各地的科学家都在试图找到治疗方法。他们测试了超过24万种化学物质，都没有成功。然而，屠呦呦认为中药草可能是秘诀所在。她研究了古代中国的医学文献，拜访了传统中医界的专家。她研究了数百种与抗疟疾治疗有关的传统配方。随后，屠呦呦和她的团队开始采用现代的研究方法对这些中药草逐一进行研究。 这不是一项容易的任务。这项任务困难的原因是团队资源有限，他们没有足够的工作人员，并且他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。然而，经历了数百次失败的实验后，他们最终发现了一种有望成功的化学物质。这种物质在动物实验中效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。当他们准备开始测试时，屠呦呦勇敢地志愿成为第一个人类实验对象，团队中的其他人也紧随其后。这次测试很成功。她们发现的药物——青蒿素现在已经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物。 尽管屠呦呦对声名不感兴趣，但她已成为一位工作成果享誉国际的科学家。2019年她被英国广播公司选为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、艾伦·麦席森·图灵齐名。屠呦呦在中国科学的困难时期勇敢地(选择)做一名科研人员，能够用古老的智慧和新的方法实现目标，而且，实际上她的工作将东西方世界结合了起来，拯救了数百万人的生命，这使她闻名。如今，尽管屠呦呦年事已高，但她仍在继续做研究。据屠呦呦所述：“从发现青蒿素的研究经验中，我们学到了中医和西医背后的智慧。如果这两种智慧能够完全融合，未来将有巨大的发展潜力。” 教材原文助读2 词汇积累 ①wildly adv. 极其，非常 ②the horror of sth. 某事物带来的震惊/恐怖 horror ['hɒrə] n．令人惊恐的事 ③life­threatening adj. 可能致命的，威胁着生命的 ④superhero ['suːpəhIərəʊ] n. [C](pl.­oes)(小说、电影等中的)超级英雄，(现实中的)杰出英雄 ⑤be regarded as被认为，被看作 regard [rI'gɑːd] vt. 认为，看作 ⑥novelist ['nɒvəlIst] n. [C]小说家 novel ['nɒvl] n．[C](长篇)小说 ⑦journalist ['dʒɜːnəlIst] n. [C]新闻工作者 ⑧passion ['pæʃən] n. 强烈的爱好，热爱；激情 have a passion for... 酷爱…… ⑨star in... 在……中担任主角 star vi.(在电影，电视节目等中)担任主角，主演 ⑩try out for...参加……选拔(或试演) ⑪a lead role 主角的角色 lead n．[C] [熟词生义 ](戏剧，电影等中的)主角，扮演主角的演员 ⑫the opportunity to do sth. 做某事的机会 opportunity [ˌɒpə'tjuːnəti] n．[C，U]机会；时机 ⑬gain a reputation 获得名誉 reputation [ˌrepjə'teIʃən] n. [C，U]名誉；名望 ⑭raise awareness 加强意识 awareness [ə'weənəs] n．认识；意识　 ⑮organisation [ˌɔːɡənaI'zeIʃən] n．组织；团体；机构 ⑯speak out about 坚定而公开地就……发表意见(尤指为某事辩护) ⑰in need在困境中 ⑱strike [straIk] vi. & vt.突然发生(某种不幸)；突然有坏的影响；打，击 ⑲severe [sə'vIə] adj.很严重的 ⑳movement ['muːvmənt] n．[C，U](身体部位的)运动，动作，活动；[C](具有共同思想或目标的)运动 ㉑breathe [briːð] vi. & vt.呼吸 ㉒depression [dI'preʃən] n．[U，C]忧郁，沮丧，消沉；抑郁症 ㉓last vi.(不用于进行时)持续，继续，延续 ㉔due to 由于，因为 ㉕ongoing ['ɒnˌɡəʊIŋ] adj.继续进行的，不断发展的 ㉖the will to do sth.做某事的意志/毅力 will n．[C，U]意志，毅力，自制力 ㉗follow vt. & vi.(时间或顺序上)在……后发生，因……而发生 ㉘focus one's attention on sth.把注意力集中在某事上 ㉙commitment [kə'mItmənt] n．投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 ㉚undertake [ˌʌndə'teIk] vt.着手做(某事)，承担 ㉛intense [In'tens] adj.强烈的，剧烈的 ㉜engage in (使)从事，参加 engage [In'ɡeIdʒ] vi.参加，参与(活动) design [dI'zaIn]vt.计划，设计 shortly after 不久之后，很快 energetic [ˌenə'dʒetIk] adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 energy n．[U]精力，活力，干劲 advocate ['ædvəkeIt]n.[C]提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者 disability [ˌdIsə'bIləti] n．[C]伤残，残障，障碍 in support of 支持 a positive attitude 积极的态度 attitude ['ætItjuːd] n．[C]看法，态度 be stuck in 困于，陷于 be remembered as...作为……而被记住 读文清障 The story of Christopher Reeve's life is one that is almost impossible to imagine—from a wildly① successful Hollywood career, to the horror of② life­threatening③ injury; Reeve experienced both. [1]Thus, not only is he known as a superhero④ in the Superman films, but he is also regarded as⑤ a superhero to many in real life. [1]本句包含“not only...but also...”结构，not only位于句首，其所在的分句采用了部分倒装结构。 Reeve was born on 25 September, 1952 in New York—the son of Franklin Reeve, [2]a teacher and novelist⑥， and Barbara Pitney, a journalist⑦. He found his passion⑧ in acting and starred in⑨ his first school play at the age of eight. [3]Although he believed he would only ever act on stage, Reeve tried out for⑩， and was eventually given the lead role⑪ in a Superman film. [2]此处为Franklin Reeve 的同位语。其后的a journalist也是同样的用法，作Barbara Pitney的同位语。 [3]此处为Although 引导的让步状语从句。 Reeve starred in four Superman films from 1978 to 1987. He realised that his roles in these films had given him the opportunity to be⑫ a real­life superman, and he soon gained a reputation⑬ for raising awareness⑭ for good causes. He visited sick children in hospitals and worked with organisations⑮ such as Save the Children, speaking out about⑯ health, education and child protection to help those most in need⑰. Unfortunately, in 1995 disaster struck⑱ Reeve. While horseback riding, he was thrown off his horse and broke his neck. [4]His injuries were so severe⑲ that he had no movement⑳ or feeling in his body at all and even needed a machine to help him breathe.At first, his doctors did not believe that he would survive. During this time, Reeve felt like he had lost all hope. [5]Having once been a healthy and successful young man to being trapped in a broken body was like a living nightmare to him. [6]He admitted that during the early stages of living with his injury, he wished that he was dead and even thought of ending his own life.He fell into a depression which lasted for many months. [7]It was only due to the ongoing support of his wife, family and friends that he eventually found the will to live again.For the years that followed he focused his attention on his goal of one day walking again. [4]本句包含“so...that”结构，that 在此引导结果状语从句。 [5]此处为v.­ing短语作主语。 [6]本句为主从复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，作admitted的宾语，该宾语从句中又包含一个that引导的宾语从句，作wished的宾语。 [7]本句为强调句型，强调原因状语“due to the ongoing support of his wife, family and friends”。 With a new sense of energy and commitment, Reeve undertook an intense exercise programme to help him achieve this goal. He engaged in a wide range of exercises designed to rebuild muscle, and made remarkable progress. Shortly afterB34, he managed to return to his film career by directing, producing and even starring in films. He also wrote a biography and returned to his charity work. Reeve became a passionate and energetic advocate for people [8]with back injuries and disabilities，raising millions of dollars in support of medical research.“[9]What I do is based on powers we all have inside us...and you don't have to be a ‘superman’ to do it.” His positive attitude inspired many people who were stuck in illness.“With the progress of new medical research, I'm confident that people like me would be able to walk again one day. So you can see, I'm too busy with living to think of giving up！” [8]本句中的“with back injuries and disabilities”为介词短语作后置定语；“raising...medical research”为v.­ing短语作状语。 [9]此处为what引导的主语从句。 Sadly, on 10 October, 2004, Christopher Reeve passed away. He will always be remembered asB41 a superhero—in more ways than one. 原文翻译 克里斯托弗·里夫的一生几乎难以想象——从极其成功的好莱坞生涯，到致命伤带来的恐惧，里夫都经历过。因此，他不仅是广为人知的《超人》电影中的超级英雄，在现实生活中也被许多人视为超级英雄。 1952年9月25日，里夫出生于纽约，他的父亲是教师兼小说家富兰克林·里夫，母亲是记者芭芭拉·皮特尼。他发现自己热衷于表演，并在八岁时第一次在学校的戏剧中担任主角。尽管里夫认为自己只会在舞台上表演，但他还是去试演并最终获得了电影《超人》中的主角角色。 从1978年到1987年，里夫主演了四部《超人》电影。他意识到自己在这些电影中的角色给了他在现实生活中成为真正超人的机会，他很快就因加强公益意识而获得了声誉。他去看望医院的患病儿童，并与“救助儿童会”等组织合作，支持健康、教育和儿童保护(等事业)，帮助那些最需要帮助的人。 不幸的是，1995年，灾难降临在里夫身上。他在骑马时从马上坠落，摔断了颈部。他的伤势非常严重，以至于身体完全丧失了运动能力和知觉，甚至连呼吸都需要借助机器。起初，他的医生认为他无法活下来。在这段时间里，里夫觉得他失去了所有的希望。他曾经是一个健康、成功的年轻人，现在却被困在一副受伤的躯体里，这对他来说就像一个真实的噩梦。他承认，在他受伤的早期阶段，他希望自己已经死掉，甚至想过结束自己的生命。他陷入了持续数月的抑郁状态。正是因为妻子、家人和朋友的不断支持，他才最终找到了重新生活的意愿。在那之后的几年里，他把注意力集中在了有朝一日能再次行走这个目标上。 为了达成目标，里夫凭借一种新的力量和使命感，开始了高强度的运动计划。他进行了一系列旨在重建肌肉的运动，并取得了显著的进步。不久之后，他重返电影事业，担任导演和制片人，甚至主演了电影。他还写了一本传记，并且再度从事慈善工作。里夫成为脊背受伤者和残疾人士的热情而积极的支持者，他筹集了数百万美元以支持医学研究。“我所做的是基于我们每个人体内都拥有的力量……而你不必成为‘超人’就能做到。”他积极乐观的态度鼓舞了很多疾病缠身的人。“随着新的医学研究的发展，我相信像我这样的人总有一天能再次行走。所以你可以看到，我忙于生活，无暇考虑放弃！” 令人难过的是，2004年10月10日，克里斯托弗·里夫去世了。他将作为超级英雄永远被铭记——不止在一个方面。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$