主谓一致讲义-2025届高三英语上学期语法专项复习

主谓一致 主谓一致 一致原则 考点详解 例句 一 语法一致 （谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致） 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式； 主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago. 2. 由连接词and或both …and…连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，along with，together with，except，but，like，besides，as well as，rather than，more than，in addition to，apart from，without，no less than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式； 若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 也可以记作为：就前一致 Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。 Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。从句主语和先行词保持一致。 He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 7. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 8.Many a，more than one与单数名词组成的短语，谓语动词用单数。 Many a boy has seen it. More than one student is required to redo the homework. 例题解剖： 1. （2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months. A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give 【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 2. （2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming. 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。 3. He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him. A. has；anyone likes B. have；does anyone like C. has；no one likes D. have；anyone likes 【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。 4. It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve. A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take 【答案】A 【解析】主谓一致指＂人称＂和＂数＂方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。 一致原则 考点详解 例句 二 意义一致 （主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致） 1. what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your bag？Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 2. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of, half of +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注：a number of 与the number of的区别 3. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Ten miles is too long. 4. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。 这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, team, govement, group等。 Class Four is on the third floor四班在三楼 Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 四班同学不能就班长人选达成一致 注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。 如：The police are looking for the lost child. 5.某些名词如people, police, cattle等，形式上是单数，但是意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数。 people指民族的时候，是例外 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill. 6.不定代词作主语，谓语动词要用单数，如someone, somebody, something, anybody, nobody, nothing 等 Someone is asking for you. 7. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 8. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 9. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 10. 一些名词是以 –s 结尾,如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news，works, plastics等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn‘t easy to study. 11. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, jeans, pants,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.  12. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 The old are taken good care of. 13. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here. 注意：quantities一般用复数。 Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 14.a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数； large amounts of 修饰不可数名词， 作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 15.单复数同形的名词，作主语时，其谓语动词要由上下文决定，这类名词有：means、works、deer、fish、sheep、Chinese、Japanese等。 Not every means is useful. Not means are useful. 16. a number of 作主语时，谓语动词用复数； 以the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50. 三 就近一致 （谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语） 1. 当两个主语由either...or...，neither...nor...，whether...or...，not only...but also...，not...but...连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. 2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. Here引导的句子用法同上。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you. 3.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$