Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Reading and Thinking Describe a natural disaster Warm up Watch the video and discuss with your partner: What can happen to a city during a big earthquake? 2 Buildings were ruined. Bridges, tunnels(隧道) and dams collapsed (坍塌). 3 Roads and railways were destroyed and traffic was held up(受阻). 4 Water, gas, electricity and communication were cut off. 5 Buildings, roads and dams cracked (开裂）. 6 People were buried, injured or killed. 7 Pre-reading Look at the title and the two pictures at the bottom of P50 & 51, guess: What might happen on the night? What is the text about? THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP 8 Read and check: What’s the text mainly about? Then find out the topic sentence of each paragraph. ---The passage is mainly about a terrible earthquake of Tangshan. Note: The topic sentences may be the first, the middle or the last sentence of the paragraph. Skimming 9 Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. Para.1 At 3:42, everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Para.2 There was nothing but ruins everywhere. Para.3 But hope was not lost. Para.4 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. Para.5 Warning signs before the big quake The rescue work The revival of the city The happening of the big quake The effects of the big quake Skimming In what order are the events organized? Main idea 10 Time order In what order is the text organized? later that afternoon soon after the quakes For several days At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976 At 3:42 a.m. Skimming 11 Para. Main idea 1 Warning sighs before the earthquake. 2 The happening of the big earthquake. 3 The immediate effects of the earthquake. 4 The rescue work. 5 The revival of the city. According to the time line, how many parts can the text be divided into? 3 Parts Warning signs before the earthquake Damage during the earthquake Revival after the earthquake 12 Read for details Topic sentences can tell us the main idea, but it’s details that can give us a clearer picture about what’s happening. Now let’s read it more carefully to find details of each period, and fill in the table. 13 Part1 Warning signs before the earthquake Read for details 14 THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP Time What happened People’s reaction The result Before the earthquake The well water: __________________ ________________________________ Chicken and pigs: ________________ Dogs: ___________________________ Mice: ___________________________ Fish: ____________________________ ___________ were seen in the sky and loud noises were heard. People were 6. ______ as usual. refused to go inside buildings. ran out of the fields Bright lights asleep People paid no attention to them and did nothing. rose and fell,  well walls cracked and some smelly gas came out. were too nervous to eat jumped out of the water 15 Part2 Damage during the earthquake Read for details 16 Time What happened People’s reaction The result During the earthquake Everything began to shake. A large city lay in ______. Another___________ shook Tangshan again. People were _______, wondering how long it would last. Two thirds of the people who lived there were _______________, thousand of children were ______________________________. ruins big quake in shock dead or injured left without parents 17 How does the writer show it was a deadly earthquake that caused great damages? How do you feel when seeing these figures? Why are these data used? to make the article more credible (可信的), more impressive, and the damage described more shocking. of the nation felt the earthquake . A huge crack that was kilometres long and metres wide cut across houses. In less than minute a large city lay in ruins. of the people died or were injured during the earthquake. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than . All of the city’s hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone. 1/3 8 30 1 2/3 400,000 75% 90% 18 --- By giving data/figures 18 19 Part3 Revival after the earthquake Read for details 20 Time What happened People’s reaction The result After the earthquake ________ were sent to dig out and bury people, _________________ came to provide medical care and _________ built shelters for survivors. ____________ were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to _______ again. With strong support from _____ __________ and efforts of people, a new Tangshan was built upon the _______. People were hopeful and _______. People unified and used their _______ to rebuild a new Tangshan. breathe ruins positive wisdom Soldiers doctors and nurses workers Let’s watch a video to see what the new Tangshan is like. Water and food the government 21 22 The change of people's feeling ignorant shocked hopeless hopeful before the earthquake during the earthquake after the earthquake when the rescue came 23 Language features Apart from the example and figures given in text, which sentences impressed you most? Why? What does the author mean by “Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt”? What does the author mean by “Slowly, the city began to breathe again”? What does the author mean by “Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet”? How do you understand the title? Do you think the title is a good one? If not, can you give another title to the text? In groups 24 1. Lots of Examples are given when talking of warning signs, such as the water, cracks, chickens, pigs, dogs, …; 2. Lots of Data/Numbers are used when referring to the terrible effects, such as nearly one third of the whole nation, two thirds of the people, more than 400,000, about 75%, 90 %, tens of thousands of, … ; 3. Use figure of speech (修辞格）: The night the earth didn’t sleep Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, Slowly, the city began to breathe again Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. metaphor simile personification personification personification What’s the meaning of this word? How do you know? Language features 25 Guessing Guess what they mean from the context. brick ruin trap bury brick (Para. 3) Used to describe the buildings that have fallen. They are red like leaves, but also heavy, because the wind cannot move them. ruin (Para. 2) This word describes the city straight after the earthquake. In a short time, a lot of damage was done, so it must describe a place that has been badly/completely destroyed. Use context to understand new words When you See a word you do not know, do not stop and look it up in a dictionary. If you continue reading . th context will probably help you understand what it means. 26 Guess what they mean from the context. brick ruin trap bury Trap (Para. 4) This verb is used to describe people who are not dead, but they need help to be dug out. So it must mean they cannot move because they are stuck somewhere. Bury (Para.4) This verb is used to describe what happens to the dead bodies. They are often put into the ground and covered. So that might be what this means. Guessing Use context to understand new words When you See a word you do not know, do not stop and look it up in a dictionary. If you continue reading . th context will probably help you understand what it means. 27 Text type What type of text is it? Literary journalism usually describes real historical events and real characters. The usage of the figures of speech can stimulate readers' feelings and thus touch the readers. 28 Text type Similarities and differences between a literary journalism (LJ)文学新闻 and a news report (NR) 新闻报道? Similarities: time, place, damage, numbers, rescue work, Differences: NR: Greetings; Some expressions for NR only, like “Breaking news/Top news.../More news about…/Early reports said that…” LJ: A much longer passage, with a vivid description of more details about people, emotions, surrounding, etc. Usage of figures of speech like personification, simile, metaphor, etc. 29 After-reading In groups, discuss the following questions. What helped the revival of Tangshan city? 2. What can people do in face of natural disasters? 30 31 After-reading We should pay attention to some warning signs. learn how to protect ourselves during different disasters. unify and stay positive to rebuild for a brighter future. Respect and protect nature/the earth. … 32 R: Where were you when the earthquake began? S: I was... R: What did you see and hear? S: I remembered... ; I saw...; The city... R: How was your feeling? S: I felt...; I’ll never forget... … Prepare a role-play (the reporter, the survivor, the rescue worker, etc.) to present an interview after an earthquake. R = reporter S = survivor Role play 33 Language points 34 1. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. ruin n. 破坏；毁坏 be/lie in ruins 成为废墟 come/fall into ruin 毁灭，灭亡；衰落 ruin vt. 毁坏，破坏，糟蹋；使破产（或失去地位等） ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 35 【即学即练】 1.He ____________________ through drinking when he was young. 他年轻时喝酒毁了他的健康。 2.A large number of churches fell ________ ruin after the big flood. 3.Sadly, the building was almost____________: fires burned everywhere. in ruins ruined his health into 36 2. People were in shock. shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 【词汇拓展】 shocked adj.震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的，骇人听闻的 【知识归纳】 in shock 震惊；吃惊 give sb. a shock 使某人震惊 to one's shock 令某人震惊的是 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊 be shocked at/by 对...感到震惊 37 【即学即练】 (1)I was ________ (shock)to hear that he had resigned. (2)________ his shock, his house was burned when he arrived home. (3)I was shocked _______ this sudden change in their attitude. (4)It is ________ (shock)that the accident caused four deaths and nine people injured. shocked To at shocking People ________________ that the UFO was flying over the city. The ____________ news ____________ all the people around，which was also a great ____________ people all over the country. 人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物在这座城市的上空飞行，这个让人震惊的消息震动了周围的人们，也使全国各地的人们感到震惊。 were shocked to see shocking shocked shock to 38 3. ... to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套，使陷入困境 n.困境；陷阱 体会trap的用法和意义： When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued. The police trapped him into telling the truth. If you choose this way, you’re likely to fall into a trap. be trapped in 被困在……中；陷入……中 trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人(做)某事 fall into the trap (of doing sth.) 落入圈套/陷阱 We set traps in the field for the mice. avoid the trap (of doing sth.) 落入圈套/陷阱 set a trap for 为...设陷阱 39 4. bury vt.埋葬，安葬，掩埋；沉浸，使陷入，掩藏（感情、错误等） 体会bury的用法和意义 She buried her face in her hands and wept. Since his wife left, he’s buried himself in his work. He was buried in a novel, so he didn’t notice me come in. If you find yourself wanting to bury your feelings deep inside you, don’t do it. Instead, express them in a reasonable way. bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面 bury oneself in... = be buried in ... 专心致志于... bury one’s feelings 隐藏感情 40 专心于： Concentrate on Focus on Be absorbed in Devoted oneself to = be devoted to Be lost in 41 5. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of ... effort n. (U)尽力，艰难的尝试；(U, C) 努力，费力气的事 【知识归纳】 make an effort/efforts to do sth. 努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事 with/ without effort 费力地/毫不费力地 42 【即学即练】 (1)We will make _______ (effort)to offer you the best service. (2)People should spare no effort ________ (protect)our hometown. (3) The company has laid off 500 workers ______________ money. 公司为节省资金遣散了500名工人。 (4) It’s a long climb to the top, but well worth the _______. efforts to protect in an effort to save effort 43 6. suffer vt.遭受, 蒙受 vi.受苦，受折磨，常与from连用　 【词汇拓展】 sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者　 suffering n.(U) 疼痛，折磨；（pl.) 痛苦，苦恼 【知识归纳】 suffer from 受...之苦，患...病 suffer from a serious illness 患重病 suffer pain/hardship 遭受痛苦/困苦 suffer a defeat/a loss/punishment 失败/损失/惩罚 44 【即学即练】 1.He is ___________________several mental disorder. 他患有严重的精神疾病。 2.The old man is said to have gone through varieties of _________ during the war. 据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。 3.(2017 浙江)A young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students when he took control of a bus after its driver ____________ (suffer)a serious heart attack. suffering from suffered sufferings 45 as if 在表语从句中相当于that = It seemed that the world was at an end! 7. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日! as if引导表语从句 as if 意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导表语从句和方式状从。其意义和用法与as though相同。 （1）引导表语从句，常置于系动词look, seem, sound, feel, smell等之后。 Dark clouds are gathering. It seems as if it is going to rain. 46 as if的语气 （2）as if/as though引导的从句的语气： 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或者极有可能发生或存在的事时，用陈述语气 当说话人认为句子所陈述的是不真实或极不可能发生或存在的情况，用虚拟语气 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。 如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。 如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might/should＋动词原形”。 47 【练一练】 1.从他的说话的样子来看他是醉了。 He talks as if he _____ drunk . 真实语气 4.他张开嘴好像要说什么。 He opened his mouth as if he ___________ something. is 2.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那儿似的。 He talks about Rome as if he _________ there before. had been 3.你看上去好像并不在乎。 You look as if you ______ care. didn’t would say 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 48 8. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. 大多数桥梁坍塌或不能安全通行。 “主语+be+adj. (for sb.) +todo” 句型的具体用法： （1）形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词。常见的此类形容词 有easy, hard, difficult, safe, imteresting, heavy, plesant, good, nice, comfortable, impossible等 。 （2）当不定式和句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式表示被动含义。 The shirt is comfortable to wear and easy to wash. The book is very interesting to read. （3）当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要在其后加上适当的介词。 Though small, the house is comfortable to live in. 49 【练一练】 1. This machine is very easy _____________ (operate）. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 2. I often miss Jack, an old friend of mine, who everyone thinks is pleasant to get along ________. 3. Last week, I bought a bed which was comfortable to sleep ________. to operate with on 50 Thank you 51 Lavf58.12.100 Lavf57.41.100 $$