精品解析：浙江省杭州第十四中学（康桥）2024-2025学年高一上学期10月阶段性测试英语试卷

2024年杭十四中（康桥）高一年级10月阶段性测试英语学科试卷 第一部分：听力（略） 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15个小题；每题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Ideas of making the first week of high school easy Frank, Aged 21 I think almost every kid feels both nervous and excited before their first day of high school. You will probably love it. I know I did. You should join some sports or activities that will make your high school experience more enjoyable. Good luck! Sharon, Aged 22 The most important thing to keep in mind when going into high school is to be yourself. Besides, I don’t know what your middle school was like, but high school teachers will not care about things such as how much homework you already have in one night. It’s best to learn to deal with things and manage your time wisely so you can achieve everything you need to do. Eddie, Aged 20 When I started high school, I was really nervous too, especially since I had been homeschooled (家中教学) all through middle school and didn’t really know anyone. I suppose the best advice would be to just relax. The first couple of days can be a little bit hard, but things will become easier before you know it. David, Aged 19 I’m not going to lie. The first day is kind of frightening. But you’ll get used to it. Don’t be afraid of anyone; upperclassmen (高年级学生) will pick on you more if you let them know you’re afraid. Just take it easy. Making some friends and staying with them will greatly help you get used to high school quickly. After the first week it’s really not bad at all. Don’t worry. 1. What can we infer (推断) from Sharon about high school? A. Teachers are quite strict. B. Students often stay up at night. C. Teachers provide much care for students. D. Students should make good use of their time. 2. How did Eddie feel on his first day of high school? A. Bored. B. Excited. C. Worried. D. Relaxed. 3. Who mentions the importance of friends? A. Frank. B. Eddie. C. Sharon. D. David. B “Lives of great men all remind us that we can make our lives sublime (崇高的)” is a line from A Psalm of Life (《人生颂》) that Chen Lin read in a Learn video when he was 96 years old. With a “life is to give, not to take” attitude, Chen Lin devoted his life to the development of foreign language education in China. Born in 1922, Chen worked in foreign education for more than 70 years. In 1950, he started teaching at Beijing Foreign Studies University. At the university, Chen was known for his nickname of “Three UP Professor”, since he always insisted on “standing up” and “speaking up” when teaching. Also, when class was over, he would instantly “shut up”. In the 1980s, in most English classes, teachers did most of the speaking, while students mostly only listened. But Chen encouraged students to speak and practice more. Outside of class, Chen still tried his best to popularize English among common people. In 1981, he took part in the TV program Follow Me (《跟我学》) and taught people English in a fun way, which started a craze for learning English. In 1999, Chen led experts to develop English curriculum standards (课程标准). Before that, English teaching goals from primary to university were not connected. But the standards changed the situation, making English education work like “one package”. To help students learn English more effectively, Chen advised providing suitable English-learning material for students at different levels. “I have been a teacher all my life, and I want to be an English teacher again in my next life.” Chen said. “I think there is no more noble profession than to teach and make students useful to the people.” 4. What can we know according to the passage? A. Chen Lin was the leading expert in developing English curriculum standards. B. Most teachers encouraged students to speak and practice more in the 1980s. C. Chen Lin was famous for his attitude toward life. D. Chen Lin created Follow Me alone to encourage students to learn English. 5. Why did Chen Lin teach people English in the TV program Follow Me? A. To become more famous in China. B. To make English popular among common people. C. To encourage more people to attend his class. D. To show his fun way of teaching English. 6. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Chen Lin decided to teach English again. B. Chen Lin thought only teaching was a noble profession. C. Chen Lin was proud of being an English teacher. D. Chen Lin hoped more people could become English teachers. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Chen Lin? A. Humorous and generous. B. Devoted and enthusiastic. C Intelligent and independent. D. Energetic and honest. C What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.” Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent. But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges. Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post-intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles. 8. Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists? A. They lack interest in science. B. They don’t possess inborn talent, C. They are short of confidence. D. They have no ability to study science 9. What’s the purpose of the intervention? A. To introduce some inspirational stories to students. B. To expose students to scientists’ great achievements. C. To ensure students will become scientists in the future. D. To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work. 10 The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. delicate B. permanent C. doubtful D. apparent 11. What can we learn from the research? A. Science ability has nothing to do with efforts. B. Students are more motivated by achievement stories. C. Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs. D. Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists. D People with high levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B3, in their blood may be more likely to have a heart attack or stroke than those with lower levels. Excessive amounts of the vitamin, which is routinely added to fortified food and can be taken as a supplement, may inflame blood vessels. Heart attacks and stroke are leading causes of death worldwide. While researchers have made significant strides over the past few decades in discovering the risk factors for these conditions, they haven’t identified them all. In an effort to fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio and his colleagues collected blood samples from 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Europe who had elected to undergo cardiovascular screenings. The team analysed the samples for substances called metabolites, byproducts of metabolic processes such as digestion. The researchers then tracked incidents of cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strokes, among the participants over three years. They found that people with elevated levels of a metabolite called 4PY, which only arises when the body breaks down excess niacin, were around 60 percent more likely, on average, to experience such an event than those with lower levels. And it was found in further experiment that 4PY causes blood vessel inflammation, a major contributor to the development of heart disease, in rodents. It isn’t uncommon for people to have high niacin levels, Hazen says. This is partially due to certain foods, such as cereals and flours, being routinely fortified with the vitamin in countries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are also increasingly popular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. Plus, it wasn’t until recently that doctors stopped prescribing high-dose niacin to people at risk of cardiovascular disease, as it was initially thought the vitamin protected people from these conditions by lowering cholesterol. “I think this study really shows that sometimes, when it comes to vitamins, you can have too much of a good thing,” says Jenny Jia at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. However, this research was mainly conducted in people of European ancestry. It is therefore unclear if similar results would occur in people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds, says Jia. 12. What is presented in paragraph 3? A. Theoretical models. B. Research procedures. C. Practical examples. D. Historical findings. 13. What does the underlined phrase “such an event” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Increased 4PY. B. Extra niacin. C. Blood vessel inflammation. D. Cardiovascular diseases. 14. What might not be the reason for people to have high niacin levels? A. Having niacin supplement is fashionable. B. Food with niacin can rapid aging. C. Certain vitamins are added to foods. D. Niacin was prescribed to people. 15. What attitude might Jia have to the study? A. Neutral. B. Supportive. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful. 第二节（共5个小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? ____16____. It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" every day. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. ____17____. If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? ____18____. Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. ____19____. Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. ___20___. They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak! A. Some people don't like Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy. C. Music is playing in the background. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E Muzak tends to help people understand music better. F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world. 第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：完形填空（共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从31~50各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 When Susan was a high school student, her English teacher, Fred DiMeo, asked her to carry out a task: Recite (背诵) a poem in front of the whole class. “I had a mild stutter (口吃), which tried the ____21____ of my classmates,” Susan said. The thought of ____22____ in front of the class and stuttering through the ____23____ was too much to bear. When the day of the recitation came, Susan, painfully shy and ____24____, recited the poem. Once she was done, DiMeo said something she’d never ____25____ before: that he liked listening to her voice. For the first time, she ____26____ that public speaking didn’t have to be a source of ____27____. “I think in his mind he just wanted me to ____28____ I have nothing to be afraid of,” Susan said. Susan went on to graduate from high school and go to college. She never got to ____29____ thank DiMeo. Sometime after college, she managed to _____30_____ a job as a trainer. The work made her know how big an _____31_____ DiMeo had had on her confidence. “It’s so _____32_____ to stand up in front of people and speak with them. And I do it all the time,” she said. Susan recently found a way to _____33_____ her teacher, and sent him a letter expressing her _____34_____. “ You played a big role in my life,” she wrote. “I don't know where I would’ve gone if I felt like I had to keep my voice _____35_____ because I was afraid of embarrassing (使尴尬) myself. ” 21. A. ability B. patience C. knowledge D. pleasure 22. A. getting up B. falling over C. setting off D. crying out 23. A. notice B. poem C. speech D. room 24. A. brave B. relaxed C. nervous D. sleepy 25. A. repeated B. changed C. heard D. seen 26. A. forgot B. imagined C. wrote D. realized 27. A. time B. fear C. luck D. risk 28. A. explain B. require C. understand D. warn 29. A. hurriedly B. easily C. properly D. secretly 30. A. miss B. save C. share D. find 31. A. influence B. offer C. agreement D. order 32. A. awful B. fair C. early D. nice 33. A. help B. contact C. follow D. protect 34. A. questions B. works C. hobbies D. thanks 35. A. quiet B. busy C. loud D. soft 第二节(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面的短文，在标有序号的空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Teenage life is full of adventures and challenges. Doing voluntary work is popular among some teenagers and extra-curricular activities _____36_____ (prefer) by others, such as organising debates, studying literature, dancing ballet and cleaning up the greenhouses. But more people sign up for advanced courses out of curiosity. Actually, some teenagers feel confused in their youth, and their behaviours are sometimes _____37_____ (confuse). They think there is a generation gap between _____38_____ (they) and adults, so experts are trying to find a suitable solution. Johnson, _____39_____ outgoing freshman, was so attracted to Chinese literature that he _____40_____ (quit) his studies in Chicago and came to China. Obviously, with the help of his teacher, his Chinese has improved greatly and he can speak fluent Chinese _____41_____ campus now. As _____42_____ (schedule), he will graduate next year. ____43____ he is concentrating on is the ancient Chinese literature and he is fascinated by Tang poetry. The topic of his research content is “the differences between Eastern and Western literature”. An editor that acts ______44______ (responsible) has recommended him______45______ (read) some classical Chinese literature first. The recommendation means a lot to him. 第四部分：写作（共三节，满分40分） 第一节：单词拼写（共10个小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下列句子，根据首字母或中文提示填空，将完整的单词写在答题纸上。 46. Your encouragement made me more c__________of my future. I am sure I will win. (根据首字母单词拼写) 47. After seeing the horror movie, he felt f__________when walking alone in the street. (根据首字母单词拼写) 48. The young man finished the design ahead of s__________.（根据首字母单词拼写） 49. The Palace Museum is one of the most famous tourist a__________of China. (根据首字母单词拼写) 50. After g __________from a key university, he worked in a top IT company in Hangzhou. (根据首字母单词拼写) 51 We always get a __________ (恼人) when the advertisements interrupt the program we are watching. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 52. Out of __________ (好奇) I checked their blogs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 53. He was standing there, with his eyes__________(聚焦的)on the painting. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 54. She is waiting for her son’s returning with a sense of__________(焦虑). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 55. We will hold a party to celebrate the teenager’s ________ (幸存，生存). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 第二节：句子翻译（共5个小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 阅读下列各小题，将句子翻译成英文，并将答案写在答题纸上。 56. 他宁愿接受挑战也不愿轻易放弃。(prefer) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 57. 我建议你报名参加一个线上写作课程。(recommend) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 58. 杭州西湖的美景和当地美食给外国游客留下了深刻的印象。(impress) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 59. 很明显，那个沉迷于网络游戏的男孩无法专注于学习。(addict) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 60. 大部分学生认为记笔记对他们学好英语很有帮助。(it作形式宾语) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 第三节：应用文写作（满分15分） 61. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack在学习汉语的过程中遇到了一些困难，给你发电子邮件询问一些如何学汉语的建议。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容要点如下： 1.表示理解； 2.给出建议和理由； 3表达祝愿； 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024年杭十四中（康桥）高一年级10月阶段性测试英语学科试卷 第一部分：听力（略） 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15个小题；每题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Ideas of making the first week of high school easy Frank, Aged 21 I think almost every kid feels both nervous and excited before their first day of high school. You will probably love it. I know I did. You should join some sports or activities that will make your high school experience more enjoyable. Good luck! Sharon, Aged 22 The most important thing to keep in mind when going into high school is to be yourself. Besides, I don’t know what your middle school was like, but high school teachers will not care about things such as how much homework you already have in one night. It’s best to learn to deal with things and manage your time wisely so you can achieve everything you need to do. Eddie, Aged 20 When I started high school, I was really nervous too, especially since I had been homeschooled (家中教学) all through middle school and didn’t really know anyone. I suppose the best advice would be to just relax. The first couple of days can be a little bit hard, but things will become easier before you know it. David, Aged 19 I’m not going to lie. The first day is kind of frightening. But you’ll get used to it. Don’t be afraid of anyone; upperclassmen (高年级学生) will pick on you more if you let them know you’re afraid. Just take it easy. Making some friends and staying with them will greatly help you get used to high school quickly. After the first week it’s really not bad at all. Don’t worry. 1. What can we infer (推断) from Sharon about high school? A. Teachers are quite strict. B. Students often stay up at night. C. Teachers provide much care for students. D. Students should make good use of their time. 2. How did Eddie feel on his first day of high school? A. Bored. B. Excited. C. Worried. D. Relaxed. 3. Who mentions the importance of friends? A. Frank. B. Eddie. C. Sharon. D. David. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要讲述了四位已毕业的同学对高一开学一周的看法。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据Sharon, Aged 22下的“It’s best to learn to deal with things and manage your time wisely so you can achieve everything you need to do.(最好学会处理事情，明智地管理你的时间，这样你就能完成你需要做的一切)”可推知，Sharon认为高中生应该学会利用好自己的时间。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Eddie, Aged 20下的“When I started high school, I was really nervous too, especially since I had been homeschooled (家中教学) all through middle school and didn’t really know anyone.(当我开始上高中的时候，我也很紧张，特别是因为我整个初中都是在家自学的，不认识任何人)”可知，Eddie上高中的第一天感到紧张。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据David, Aged 19下的“Making some friends and staying with them will greatly help you get used to high school quickly.(交一些朋友并和他们呆在一起将极大地帮助你迅速适应高中生活)”可知，David提到了朋友的重要性。故选D项。 B “Lives of great men all remind us that we can make our lives sublime (崇高的)” is a line from A Psalm of Life (《人生颂》) that Chen Lin read in a Learn video when he was 96 years old. With a “life is to give, not to take” attitude, Chen Lin devoted his life to the development of foreign language education in China. Born in 1922, Chen worked in foreign education for more than 70 years. In 1950, he started teaching at Beijing Foreign Studies University. At the university, Chen was known for his nickname of “Three UP Professor”, since he always insisted on “standing up” and “speaking up” when teaching. Also, when class was over, he would instantly “shut up”. In the 1980s, in most English classes, teachers did most of the speaking, while students mostly only listened. But Chen encouraged students to speak and practice more. Outside of class, Chen still tried his best to popularize English among common people. In 1981, he took part in the TV program Follow Me (《跟我学》) and taught people English in a fun way, which started a craze for learning English. In 1999, Chen led experts to develop English curriculum standards (课程标准). Before that, English teaching goals from primary to university were not connected. But the standards changed the situation, making English education work like “one package”. To help students learn English more effectively, Chen advised providing suitable English-learning material for students at different levels. “I have been a teacher all my life, and I want to be an English teacher again in my next life.” Chen said. “I think there is no more noble profession than to teach and make students useful to the people.” 4. What can we know according to the passage? A. Chen Lin was the leading expert in developing English curriculum standards. B. Most teachers encouraged students to speak and practice more in the 1980s. C. Chen Lin was famous for his attitude toward life. D. Chen Lin created Follow Me alone to encourage students to learn English. 5 Why did Chen Lin teach people English in the TV program Follow Me? A. To become more famous in China. B. To make English popular among common people. C. To encourage more people to attend his class. D. To show his fun way of teaching English. 6. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Chen Lin decided to teach English again. B. Chen Lin thought only teaching was a noble profession. C. Chen Lin was proud of being an English teacher. D. Chen Lin hoped more people could become English teachers. 7. Which of the following words can best describe Chen Lin? A. Humorous and generous. B. Devoted and enthusiastic. C. Intelligent and independent. D. Energetic and honest. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了陈琳教授对中国外语教育事业的发展所做出的贡献。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“In 1999, Chen led experts to develop English curriculum standards (课程标准). Before that, English teaching goals from primary to university were not connected. But the standards changed the situation, making English education work like “one package”(1999年，陈教授带领专家制定了英语课程标准。在此之前，从小学到大学的英语教学目标是没有联系的。但标准改变了这种情况，使英语教育像“一个体系”一样运作。)”可知，陈琳是制定英语课程标准的权威专家。故选A项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Outside of class, Chen still tried his best to popularize English among common people. In 1981, he took part in the TV program Follow Me and taught people English in a fun way, which started a craze for learning English.(在课堂之外，陈仍然尽他最大的努力在普通人中普及英语。1981年，他参加了电视节目《跟我学》，用一种有趣的方式教人们英语，从而掀起了学习英语的热潮。)”可知，陈琳在电视节目《跟我学》中教人们英语，是为了在普通民众中普及英语。故选B项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段陈琳所说的话““I think there is no more noble profession than to teach and make students useful to the people.”(“我认为没有比教书育人更高尚的职业了。”)”可以推论出，陈琳为自己是一名英语老师而感到自豪。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“With a “life is to give, not to take” attitude, Chen Lin devoted his life to the development of foreign language education in China.(陈琳本着“生命是给予，而不是索取”的态度，将自己的一生奉献给了中国外语教育事业的发展。)”可知，陈琳是热衷于中国外语教育事业的。根据第三段的句子“At the university, Chen was known for his nickname of “Three UP Professor”, since he always insisted on “standing up” and “speaking up” when teaching.(在大学里，陈被称为“三up教授”，因为他在教学中总是坚持“站起来”和“说出来”。)”可以推论出，陈琳教授是充满热情的。故选B项。 C What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.” Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent. But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges. Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post-intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles. 8. Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists? A. They lack interest in science. B. They don’t possess inborn talent, C. They are short of confidence. D. They have no ability to study science 9. What’s the purpose of the intervention? A. To introduce some inspirational stories to students. B. To expose students to scientists’ great achievements. C. To ensure students will become scientists in the future. D. To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work. 10. The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. delicate B. permanent C. doubtful D. apparent 11. What can we learn from the research? A. Science ability has nothing to do with efforts. B. Students are more motivated by achievement stories. C. Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs. D. Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员向九年级和十年级的学生提出“什么样的人可以成为科学家”这个问题时，几乎每个学生的回答都是“努力学习的人”或“对科学领域感兴趣的人”。为了解除这种误解，研究人员设计了一项干预，即，了解更多关于科学家的奋斗可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学，结果发现，听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生在干预后的科学表现都有所提高。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as ‘I’m not good at science’ and ‘Even if I work hard, I will not do well.’ It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.(同样是这些学生中的许多人都很难将自己想象成科学家，理由是“我不擅长科学”和“即使我努力工作，也不会做得很好”。他们很容易将科学家的工作视为天生的才能。)”可知，这些学生认为能够成为科学家是天生的才能，“自己不擅长”或“即使努力也无法做好”这样的理由可以看作为他们在科学这一方面缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。故选C项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.(教师学院、哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一种干预措施，让学生了解有成就的科学家在科学努力中如何努力和克服挑战的故事，从而改变学生们认为科学成就反映的是能力而不是努力的观念。)”可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们如何努力奋斗克服挑战的，以改变学生对于“科学家工作”的误解。故选D项。 【10题详解】 词义猜测题。分析可知，非限制性定语从句“for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories(对他们来说，接触奋斗故事比阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上表现更好)”的先行词为“lower performing students(成绩差的学生)”，因此可知，在“干预”后，接触奋斗故事的成绩差的学生和阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上都有了好的表现，且二者之间通过对比出现了“更好”，由此可推知，干预对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，“The effect was especially pronounced”应是“效果显著”的意思，由此可推知，“pronounced”应是“显著的；明星的”含义，与选项D“apparent(显而易见的)”含义相同。故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容“By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize with the scientists during their own struggles.(通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，并介绍他或她为完成伟大的工作而应用的成长心态，学生们能够在他们自己的奋斗过程中与科学家产生共鸣。)”可知，通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，学生们使得自己在奋斗过程中能够产生与科学家的共鸣，从而能够改变之前的对于科学家工作的误解。由此可推知，科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的信念。故选C项。 D People with high levels of niacin, also known as vitamin B3, in their blood may be more likely to have a heart attack or stroke than those with lower levels. Excessive amounts of the vitamin, which is routinely added to fortified food and can be taken as a supplement, may inflame blood vessels. Heart attacks and stroke are leading causes of death worldwide. While researchers have made significant strides over the past few decades in discovering the risk factors for these conditions, they haven’t identified them all. In an effort to fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio and his colleagues collected blood samples from 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Europe who had elected to undergo cardiovascular screenings. The team analysed the samples for substances called metabolites, byproducts of metabolic processes such as digestion. The researchers then tracked incidents of cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strokes, among the participants over three years. They found that people with elevated levels of a metabolite called 4PY which only arises when the body breaks down excess niacin, were around 60 percent more likely, on average, to experience such an event than those with lower levels. And it was found in further experiment that 4PY causes blood vessel inflammation, a major contributor to the development of heart disease, in rodents. It isn’t uncommon for people to have high niacin levels, Hazen says. This is partially due to certain foods, such as cereals and flours, being routinely fortified with the vitamin in countries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are also increasingly popular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. Plus, it wasn’t until recently that doctors stopped prescribing high-dose niacin to people at risk of cardiovascular disease, as it was initially thought the vitamin protected people from these conditions by lowering cholesterol. “I think this study really shows that sometimes, when it comes to vitamins, you can have too much of a good thing,” says Jenny Jia at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. However, this research was mainly conducted in people of European ancestry. It is therefore unclear if similar results would occur in people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds, says Jia. 12. What is presented in paragraph 3? A. Theoretical models. B. Research procedures. C. Practical examples. D. Historical findings. 13. What does the underlined phrase “such an event” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Increased 4PY. B. Extra niacin. C. Blood vessel inflammation. D. Cardiovascular diseases. 14. What might not be the reason for people to have high niacin levels? A. Having niacin supplement is fashionable. B. Food with niacin can rapid aging. C. Certain vitamins are added to foods. D. Niacin was prescribed to people. 15. What attitude might Jia have to the study? A. Neutral. B. Supportive. C. Indifferent. D. Doubtful. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于血液中烟酸含量高的人可能比含量低的人更容易患心脏病或中风的一项研究。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“In an effort to fill these gaps, Stanley Hazen at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio and his colleagues collected blood samples from 2331 adults in the US and 832 adults in Europe who had elected to undergo cardiovascular screenings. The team analysed the samples for substances called metabolites, byproducts of metabolic processes such as digestion. The researchers then tracked incidents of cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strokes, among the participants over three years. (为了填补这些空白，俄亥俄州克利夫兰诊所的Stanley Hazen和他的同事收集了2331名美国成年人和832名欧洲成年人的血液样本，这些成年人选择接受心血管筛查。研究小组分析了这些样本中被称为代谢物的物质，这是消化等代谢过程的副产品。然后，研究人员在三年的时间里追踪了参与者的心脏事件，比如心脏病发作和中风。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究的程序步骤。故选B项。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。划线词句前文“The researchers then tracked incidents of cardiac events, such as heart attacks and strokes, among the participants over three years. (然后，研究人员在三年的时间里追踪了参与者的心脏病事件，比如心脏病发作和中风。)”说明研究人员追踪了参与者的心脏病事件，从而推知划线词句“They found that people with elevated levels of a metabolite called 4PY, which only arises when the body breaks down excess niacin, were around 60 percent more likely, on average, to experience such an event than those with lower levels. (他们发现，一种叫做4PY的代谢物水平升高的人比那些水平较低的人平均有60%的可能性经历such an event。)”其中划线部分指的是“心血管疾病”。故选D项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“It isn’t uncommon for people to have high niacin levels, Hazen says. This is partially due to certain foods, such as cereals and flours, being routinely fortified with the vitamin in countries that include the UK and the US. Niacin supplements are also increasingly popular as evidence suggests they have anti-ageing benefits, says Hazen. Plus, it wasn’t until recently that doctors stopped prescribing high-dose niacin to people at risk of cardiovascular disease, as it was initially thought the vitamin protected people from these conditions by lowering cholesterol. (Hazen说，人们体内烟酸含量高并不罕见。这在一定程度上是由于某些食物，如谷物和面粉，在包括英国和美国在内的国家经常添加维生素。Hazen说，烟酸补充剂也越来越受欢迎，因为有证据表明它们具有抗衰老的功效。此外，直到最近，医生才停止给有心血管疾病风险的人开大剂量的烟酸处方，因为人们最初认为维生素可以通过降低胆固醇来保护人们免受这些疾病的侵害。)”可知，人们烟酸水平高的原因有某些维生素被添加到食物中、服用烟酸补充剂是一种时尚以及烟酸是给人开的处方。原因中不包含B项，故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘I think this study really shows that sometimes, when it comes to vitamins, you can have too much of a good thing,’ says Jenny Jia at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. However, this research was mainly conducted in people of European ancestry. It is therefore unclear if similar results would occur in people of different racial or ethnic backgrounds, says Jia. (伊利诺斯州芝加哥西北大学的Jenny Jia说：‘我认为这项研究确实表明，有时候，当谈到维生素时，你可能是当作好东西吃得太多了。’然而，这项研究主要是在欧洲血统的人身上进行的。因此，还不清楚不同种族或民族背景的人是否会出现类似的结果，Jia说。)”可知，Jia对这项研究的态度是没有倾向性的，中立的。故选A项。 第二节（共5个小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? ____16____. It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" every day. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. ____17____. If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? ____18____. Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. ____19____. Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. ___20___. They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak! A. Some people don't like Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy. C. Music is playing in the background. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better. F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world. 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. F 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了缪扎克音乐受到越来越多美国人的欢迎，但有些人认为缪扎克音乐很无聊，但不管怎样缪扎克音乐影响着每个人。 【16题详解】 根据上文“你听到了什么音乐”，根据下文“这和你听的音乐很相似，但不完全一样”。选项承上启下。故C选项“背景音乐正在播放。”切题。故选C项。 【17题详解】 根据上文“早上十点到十一点之间，下午三点到四点之间，人们比较累的时候，这种音乐就可以起作用了”。选项承接上文。故B选项“音乐给了他们额外的能量”切题，故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“如果你仔细听背景音乐，你可能会认出许多歌曲的名字。 有些音乐家或作曲家不希望自己的歌曲被用作音乐，但有些人选择自己的歌曲时很高兴。 为什么？”可知，选项在对上句进行回答。故F选项“如果他们的歌被使用，他们每年可以得到400万美元”切题。故选F项。 【19题详解】 根据下文“在超市购物的人会多买38%的杂货。”。选项与下文为并列关系，说明这种音乐的益处。故D选项“工厂工人的产量增加了13%”切题。故选D项。 【20题详解】 根据下文“他们说一直听同样的歌很无聊”。选项与下文话题一致。故A选项“有些人不喜欢缪扎克音乐”切题。故选A项。 第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：完形填空（共15个小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从31~50各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 When Susan was a high school student, her English teacher, Fred DiMeo, asked her to carry out a task: Recite (背诵) a poem in front of the whole class. “I had a mild stutter (口吃), which tried the ____21____ of my classmates,” Susan said. The thought of ____22____ in front of the class and stuttering through the ____23____ was too much to bear. When the day of the recitation came, Susan, painfully shy and ____24____, recited the poem. Once she was done, DiMeo said something she’d never ____25____ before: that he liked listening to her voice. For the first time, she ____26____ that public speaking didn’t have to be a source of ____27____. “I think in his mind he just wanted me to ____28____ I have nothing to be afraid of,” Susan said. Susan went on to graduate from high school and go to college. She never got to ____29____ thank DiMeo. Sometime after college, she managed to _____30_____ a job as a trainer. The work made her know how big an _____31_____ DiMeo had had on her confidence. “It’s so _____32_____ to stand up in front of people and speak with them. And I do it all the time,” she said. Susan recently found a way to _____33_____ her teacher, and sent him a letter expressing her _____34_____. “ You played a big role in my life,” she wrote. “I don't know where I would’ve gone if I felt like I had to keep my voice _____35_____ because I was afraid of embarrassing (使尴尬) myself. ” 21. A. ability B. patience C. knowledge D. pleasure 22. A. getting up B. falling over C. setting off D. crying out 23. A. notice B. poem C. speech D. room 24. A. brave B. relaxed C. nervous D. sleepy 25. A. repeated B. changed C. heard D. seen 26. A. forgot B. imagined C. wrote D. realized 27. A. time B. fear C. luck D. risk 28. A. explain B. require C. understand D. warn 29. A. hurriedly B. easily C. properly D. secretly 30. A. miss B. save C. share D. find 31. A. influence B. offer C. agreement D. order 32. A. awful B. fair C. early D. nice 33. A. help B. contact C. follow D. protect 34. A. questions B. works C. hobbies D. thanks 35. A. quiet B. busy C. loud D. soft 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁是记叙文。主要讲述了苏珊在高中时期，因为一位名叫迪梅奥的英语老师给予的鼓励和启发，从而克服了公开演讲的恐惧，并最终对教师表达了感激之情。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有轻微的口吃，这让我的同学们很难忍受。A. ability能力；B. patience耐心；C. knowledge知识；D. pleasure快乐。根据上文“I had a mild stutter(我有轻微的口吃)”以及下文“was too much to bear(太难以忍受)”可知此处上下文说的是作者的口吃让同学们很难忍受，这考验了同学的耐心，故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一想到站在全班同学面前结结巴巴地读完这首诗，我就难以忍受。A. getting up起立；B. falling over倒下；C. setting off出发；D. crying out执行。根据上文“asked her to carry out a task: Recite (背诵) a poem in front of the whole class(让她完成一项任务：在全班同学面前背诵一首诗)”可知此处上下文说的是作者要起立在同学们面前背诵。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. notice通知；B. poem诗；C. speech演讲；D. room房间。根据上文“asked her to carry out a task: Recite (背诵) a poem in front of the whole class(让她完成一项任务：在全班同学面前背诵一首诗)”可知此处说的是作者要背诵一首诗，故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：背诵的日子来临了，苏珊因过于害羞和紧张，艰难地背诵了这首诗。A. brave勇敢的；B. relaxed放松的；C. nervous紧张的；D. sleepy困的。根据上文“I had a mild stutter(我有轻微的口吃)”以及“painfully shy(极度害羞)”可知，此处说的是作者要当众背诵，因口吃而害羞，可推理出作者当时很紧张，故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她背诵完后，迪梅奥说了一句她以前从未听说过的话：他喜欢听她的声音。A. repeated重复；B. changed改变；C. heard听见；D. seen看见。根据下文“he liked listening to her voice(他喜欢听她的声音)”可知此处是苏珊听到的话，故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一次，她意识到公开演讲不必是恐惧的来源。A. forgot忘记；B. imagined想象；C. wrote写；D. realized意识到。根据下文“public speaking didn’t have to be a source of(公开演讲不必是……的来源)”可知，下文说的是作者意识到的内容，故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. time时间；B. fear恐惧；C. luck运气；D. risk风险。根据下文“I have nothing to be afraid of(我没有什么好可怕的)”可知此处上下文说的是公开演讲不是一件可怕的事，故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想在他心里，他只是想让我明白，我没有什么可害怕的。A. explain解释；B. require需要；C. understand理解，明白；D. warn警告。根据上文“I think in his mind he just wanted me to(我想在他心里，他只是想让我……)”以及下文“I have nothing to be afraid of(我没有什么可害怕的)”可知此处上下文说的是迪梅奥希望苏珊理解没有什么可害怕的，可知空白处应填表示“理解”含义的表达，故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她始终未好好地感谢过迪梅奥。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. easily容易地；C. properly正确地；D. secretly秘密地。根据下文“Susan recently found a way to________ her teacher, and sent him a letter expressing her________.”可知，作者从没有好好地感谢过迪梅奥，故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大学毕业后的一段时间，她设法找到了一份培训师的工作。A. miss思念；B. save拯救；C. share分享；D. find找到。根据下文“a job as a trainer(一份培训师的工作)”可知此处上下文说的是找到一份培训师的工作，故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项工作让她知道迪梅奥对她的信心有多大的影响。A. influence影响；B. offer出价；C. agreement同意；D. order订单。根据下文“on her confidence(对她的自信心的……)”并结合苏珊在老师的鼓励后的进步可知，此处上下文说的是迪梅奥对作者的自信心有影响，可推理出空白处应填表示“影响”含义的名词，故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：能站在人们面前与他们交谈真是太好了。A. awful令人讨厌的；B. fair公平的；C. early早的；D. nice美好的。根据下文“I do it all the time(我一直都在这么做)”可知此处说的是作者经常站在人们面前与他们交谈，可推理出作者感觉站在人们面前与他们交谈是一件很美好的事，故选D项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏珊最近找到了联系她老师的方法，并给他写了一封感谢信。A. help帮助；B. contact联系；C. follow跟随；D. protect保护。根据下文“sent him a letter(寄给他一封信)”可知作者给迪梅奥寄了一封信，可推理出作者联系上了迪梅奥，故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. questions问题；B. works著作；C. hobbies爱好；D. thanks感谢。根据下文“You played a big role in my life(你在我生活中起了很大的作用)”可知此处上下文说的是作者认为迪梅奥在她的生活中起了很大的作用，可推理出作者写信是为了感谢迪梅奥，且上文“ She never got to 9 thank DiMeo. ”也是提示。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我因为害怕让自己尴尬而必须保持沉默的话，我真不知道我会走到哪里。A. quiet寡言少语的；B. busy忙的；C. loud大声的；D. soft柔软的。根据下文“I was afraid of embarrassing (使尴尬) myself(因为我害怕让自己尴尬)”可知此处上下文说的是作者使用了虚拟语气的表达方式，想象着如果当时自己因为害怕让自己尴尬而保持沉默的话，她不知道自己会变成什么样子，故选A项。 第二节(10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面的短文，在标有序号的空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Teenage life is full of adventures and challenges. Doing voluntary work is popular among some teenagers and extra-curricular activities _____36_____ (prefer) by others, such as organising debates, studying literature, dancing ballet and cleaning up the greenhouses. But more people sign up for advanced courses out of curiosity. Actually, some teenagers feel confused in their youth, and their behaviours are sometimes _____37_____ (confuse). They think there is a generation gap between _____38_____ (they) and adults, so experts are trying to find a suitable solution. Johnson, _____39_____ outgoing freshman, was so attracted to Chinese literature that he _____40_____ (quit) his studies in Chicago and came to China. Obviously, with the help of his teacher, his Chinese has improved greatly and he can speak fluent Chinese _____41_____ campus now. As _____42_____ (schedule), he will graduate next year. ____43____ he is concentrating on is the ancient Chinese literature and he is fascinated by Tang poetry. The topic of his research content is “the differences between Eastern and Western literature”. An editor that acts ______44______ (responsible) has recommended him______45______ (read) some classical Chinese literature first. The recommendation means a lot to him. 【答案】36. are preferred 37. confusing 38. themselves 39. an 40. quit 41. on 42. scheduled 43. What 44. responsibly 45. to read 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以Johnson为例讲述了一些青少年所面临的机遇与挑战。 【36题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在一些青少年中，做志愿工作很受欢迎，而另一些人则更喜欢课外活动，比如组织辩论、学习文学、跳芭蕾舞和打扫温室。结合句意及“by others”可知，主语extra-curricular activities和动词prefer之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填are preferred。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：事实上，一些青少年在他们的青年时期感到困惑，他们的行为有时令人困惑。空处应填形容词作表语，主语behaviours指物，使用形容词confusing，故填confusing。 【38题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：他们认为自己和成年人之间存在代沟，所以专家们正试图找到一个合适的解决方案。空处作between的宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，使用反身代词，故填themselves。 【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：Johnson是一名外向的大一新生，他被中国文学深深吸引，于是放弃了在芝加哥的学业，来到了中国。此处泛指“一名外向的大一新生”，使用不定冠词，且outgoing是以元音音素开头，故填an。 【40题详解】 考查一般过去时。句意：同上。结合came可知此处使用一般过去时，quit的过去式是quit，故填quit。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：显然，在老师的帮助下，他的汉语有了很大的提高，现在他在校园里可以说一口流利的汉语。on campus“在校园”，固定搭配，故填on。 【42题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：按计划，他将于明年毕业。as scheduled“按照计划”，固定短语。故填scheduled。 【43题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：他所专注的是中国古代文学，他对唐诗着迷。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少介词on的宾语，指物，因此用连接代词what，首字母应大写。故填What。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：一位负责任的编辑建议他先读一些中国古典文学。空处处修饰动词acts，因此需要使用副词。故填responsibly。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。“推荐某人做某事”recommend sb to do sth.。故填to read。 第四部分：写作（共三节，满分40分） 第一节：单词拼写（共10个小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下列句子，根据首字母或中文提示填空，将完整的单词写在答题纸上。 46. Your encouragement made me more c__________of my future. I am sure I will win. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】confident##onfident 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你的鼓励让我对未来更有信心。我确信我会赢。根据单词首字母以及句意“有信心的”可知，应填形容词confident，作宾语补足语，根据空前more可知，空处应填形容词原级。故填confident。 47. After seeing the horror movie, he felt f__________when walking alone in the street. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】frightened##rightened 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：看完恐怖电影后，他独自走在街上时感到害怕。根据单词首字母以及句意“感到害怕的”可知，应填形容词frightened，作表语。故填frightened。 48. The young man finished the design ahead of s__________.（根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】schedule##chedule 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个年轻人提前完成了设计。空处应填名词作of的宾语，结合句意及首字母提示可知，schedule“日程安排”，名词，ahead of schedule“提前”，故填schedule。 49. The Palace Museum is one of the most famous tourist a__________of China. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】attractions##ttractions 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：故宫博物院是中国最著名的旅游景点之一。根据常识和句中“The Palace Museum”可知，故宫博物院是中国最著名的旅游“景点”之一，结合首字母提示，用名词attraction，且“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定短语，所以应用其复数形式attractions。故填attractions。 50. After g __________from a key university, he worked in a top IT company in Hangzhou. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】graduating##raduating 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从一所重点大学毕业后，他在杭州一家顶尖的IT公司工作。根据单词首字母以及句意“毕业”以及上文介词after可知，应填动名词graduating，作宾语，故填graduating。 51. We always get a __________ (恼人) when the advertisements interrupt the program we are watching. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】annoyed##nnoyed 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当广告打断我们正在观看的节目时，我们总是很恼火。get意为“变得”，后面需接形容词，作表语，根据中英文提示“恼人的”和主语We 可知，此处应填形容词annoyed。故填annoyed。 52. Out of __________ (好奇) I checked their blogs. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】curiosity 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：出于好奇，我查看了他们的博客。根据汉语提示“好奇”可知，此处应填名词curiosity，作宾语，为不可数名词，且构成短语out of curiosity，意为“出于好奇”。故填curiosity。 53. He was standing there, with his eyes__________(聚焦的)on the painting. （根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】focused 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语。“聚焦”英文为fucus，空处在with的复合宾语结构中作宾补，和宾语“his eyes”构成被动关系，需用其过去分词形式。故填fucused。 54. She is waiting for her son’s returning with a sense of__________(焦虑). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】anxiety 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她正怀着一种焦虑的心情等待儿子归来。根据汉语提示“焦虑”可知，此处应填不可数名词anxiety作宾语。故填anxiety。 55. We will hold a party to celebrate the teenager’s ________ (幸存，生存). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】survival 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们将举行一个聚会来庆祝这名少年的幸存。根据汉语提示“生存，幸存”可知，此处应填名词survival，作宾语，为不可数名词。故填survival。 第二节：句子翻译（共5个小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 阅读下列各小题，将句子翻译成英文，并将答案写在答题纸上。 56. 他宁愿接受挑战也不愿轻易放弃。(prefer) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】He prefers taking on challenges to giving up easily.或He prefers to take on challenges rather than give up easily. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语。叙述客观事实，时态为一般现在时。“宁愿……也不……”使用动词短语prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.或prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.，“接受挑战”译为take on challenges，“放弃”译为give up，“轻易”使用副词easily。故翻译为：He prefers taking on challenges to giving up easily.或He prefers to take on challenges rather than give up easily. 57. 我建议你报名参加一个线上写作课程。(recommend) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】I recommend that you (should) sign up for an online writing course. 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。“建议”使用动词recommend，句子是描述当前的情况，使用一般现在时，“你报名参加一个线上写作课程”译为一个宾语从句，使用虚拟语气，谓语部分使用“(should)+动词原形”，“报名参加”使用动词短语sign up for，“一个线上课程”译为an online writing course，从句结构、意义完整，使用that引导，故翻译为：I recommend that you (should) sign up for an online writing course. 58. 杭州西湖的美景和当地美食给外国游客留下了深刻的印象。(impress) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Foreign visitors are deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou West Lake and the local food. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。“给某人留下深刻印象”使用固定短语be deeply impressed by，“外国游客”译为foreign visitors，作主语，句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，be动词使用are，“杭州西湖的美景和当地美食”译为the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou West Lake and the local food，故翻译为：Foreign visitors are deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou West Lake and the local food. 59. 很明显，那个沉迷于网络游戏的男孩无法专注于学习。(addict) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Obviously, the boy who is addicted to online games can’t concentrate on studies. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、动词短语和时态。句子描述一个客观事实，时态需用一般现在时。表示“很明显”可用副词obviously，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“那个男孩”应用名词短语the boy，作主语，后接一个定语从句，the boy先行词，指人，可用who引导定语从句，为单数主语，故定语从句谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式；表示“沉迷于”应用动词短语be addicted to；表示“网络游戏”应用名词短语online games，作宾语；表示“无法”应用情态动词can’t，后接动词原形；表示“专注于学习”应用动词短语concentrate on studies。故翻译为：Obviously, the boy who is addicted to online games can’t concentrate on studies.。 60. 大部分学生认为记笔记对他们学好英语很有帮助。(it作形式宾语) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Most students think it very helpful to take notes to learn English well. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致和it作形式宾语。本句描述的是一个客观事实，时态应用一般现在时。表示“大部分学生”可用名词短语most students，作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写；表示“认为”应用动think，作谓语，主语为复数名词，谓语动词需用动词原形，本题考查句式think it+形容词+to do sth.，意为“认为做某事是……样的”，it为形式宾语，形容词为宾语补足语，不定式为真正的宾语；表示“很有帮助”应用形容词短语very helpful，作宾语补足语；表示“记笔记”应用动词短语take notes；表示“学好英语”应用动词短语learn English well，本句中to learn English well为目的状语。故翻译为：Most students think it very helpful to take notes to learn English well.。 第三节：应用文写作（满分15分） 61. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack在学习汉语的过程中遇到了一些困难，给你发电子邮件询问一些如何学汉语的建议。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容要点如下： 1.表示理解； 2.给出建议和理由； 3.表达祝愿； 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Jack, I’m really pleased to hear from you. You mentioned in the email that you had trouble in learning Chinese, which actually is very common as Chinese is a hard language. There are some pieces of advice that may help you. To begin with, Talking with Chinese friends or writing in Chinese will serve as good options. Besides, it may be of great help with a professional teacher helping you. Last but not the least, stick to it. While the process can be hard, all the efforts you make will pay off. I’m looking forward to the day when we can talk freely in Chinese. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。英国笔友Jack在学习汉语的过程中遇到了一些困难，要求考生给他回信对于其问题提出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：pleased→ glad 此外：besides→ what’s more 充当：serve as→ act as 坚持：stick to→ persist in 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： I’m really pleased to hear from you. 拓展句： I’m really pleased when I hear from you. 【点睛】【高分句型1】You mentioned in the email that you had trouble in learning Chinese, which actually is very common as Chinese is a hard language.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I’m looking forward to the day when we can talk freely in Chinese.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $