Unit1 Relationships【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记•巧练（北师大版选择性必修一）

Unit 1 Relationships Unit1 话题 人际关系 词汇 passionate, host, occasionally, grateful, practical, pour, lack, presentation, access, worthwhile preference, upset, ashamed, intention, demanding, raise, manner, reality, dominate, chase desperate, rude, appointment, invitation, organise, behalf, engagement, belong, approval defend, contrast 短语 for the first time, have access to, belong to, pour into, associate with, in contrast to, set off obsess over, a couple of, used to, on behalf of sb, take up 句型 1.if only... 2.the first day/time 引导时间状语从句 3.“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义 4.序数词+to do... 5.否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 6.现在分词作伴随状语 语法 过去完成时 写作 邀请信 考点1. occasionally　adv.偶尔；偶然 [教材原句](教材P105)It's good that we take some time occasionally to remember some of the positive things in life, don't you agree？　我们偶尔花点时间回忆一下生活中积极的事情是好的，你不同意吗？ 【拓展】 (1)occasion n.　　　　　 时刻；时机；盛会；场合 on occasion 偶尔，有时 on this/that occasion 在这个/那个时候 on one occasion 有一次；曾经 (2)occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1) (2020·江苏卷) ____ the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. (2)I can remember very few occasions _______ he had to cancel because of ill health. (3)This is not an occasion for laughter, _______ you must take everything seriously. 同义替换 (4)As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only occasionally. →As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only _______________． 【经典例句】 On one occasion, she called me in the middle of the night. 有一次，她深更半夜给我打电话。 [温馨提示] 当occasion表示时间，意为“时刻；机会”时，用关系副词when引导定语从句；当occasion表示地点，意为“场合”时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。 考点2. grateful　adj.感激的，感谢的 【拓展】 (1)be grateful (2)I would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将感激不尽。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1) I was extremely grateful ___ her for her help during my stay in England. (2)He _______________(grateful) accepted the money donated by his friends. 一句多译 如果你能帮我的忙，我将非常感激。 (3)_______________________ if you could lend me a hand.(grateful adj.) (4)_______________________ if you could lend me a hand.(appreciate v．) 【经典例句】 ①(2021·全国卷乙) She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. 她感激医疗和护理团队为她所做的一切。 ②He will be grateful to know that he will host the party.　 知道他将主持这次晚会，他会很感激的。 考点3. lack　vi.& vt.缺乏；没有　n．缺乏；短缺 [教材原句](教材P8)The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself. 问题在于我对自己缺乏信心。 【拓展】 (1)(a) lack of...　　　　　　缺少…… for/through lack of... 由于缺少…… lack (for) nothing 没有欠缺 (2)lacking adj. 缺少的；缺乏的 be lacking in... 缺少…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Though _____________(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university. (2)Despite his lack in experience, he got the job.___________ 一句多译 因为缺钱，这个男孩没有上学。 (3)The boy didn't go to school because he _________________．(lack v．) (4)The boy didn't go to school because he ____________________．(lacking adj.) (5)The boy didn't go to school ___________________________．(lack n．) 【经典例句】 ①(2020·江苏卷) Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment. 后来，他在非洲工作，那里许多人因为缺乏恰当的治疗而失明。 ②I'll see that you lack for nothing while you attend college. 你上大学时我会保证你的一切需要的。 [温馨提示] lack作及物动词时，其后直接跟宾语，但通常不用被动语态和进行时；lack作名词时，常与of连用。 考点4. presentation　n.报告；陈述，说明 [教材原句](教材P8)I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. 我对恒星和行星的研究很感兴趣，他让我向全班做报告。 【拓展】 (1)make/give a presentation 做报告/陈述 (2)present v. 授予；提交；展示 adj. 目前的；出席的，在场的 n. 礼物；目前，现在 present sb.with sth. (＝present sth. to sb.) 授予/给予某人某物 be present at... 出席…… make sb.a present of sth. 将某物赠送给某人 at present 现在；目前 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中present的词性及含义 (1) (2020·全国卷Ⅲ) When he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.____________ (2)We do not have any more information at the present time. _____________ (3)There were 200 people present at the meeting. _______________ (4)At present, some countries do not have enough water to produce the food their people need.____________ (5)She bought a birthday present for her mother. ______________ 【经典例句】 ①The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products. 销售经理将举行一次新产品发布会。 ②It is said that many teachers and parents were present at the meeting. 据说许多老师和父母出席了这次会议。 [温馨提示] present作前置定语时，意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。 考点5. access　n.进入；接触的机会；(接近的)方法 [教材原句](教材P9)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn. 作为一名教师的意义在于，当孩子们的思维开放并渴望学习的时候，你有机会接触他们的思想。 【拓展】 (1)have/get/obtain/gain access to... 拥有……的机会；接近；可以利用 give access to 接近；准许进入 (2)accessible adj.　　　　 可接近的；可达到的；易取得的 be accessible to... 可接近/可靠近；可使用…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Medicine should not be kept where it is ________________(access) to children. (2)The only access of that cottage is across the farmland.______________ 一句多译 我们学校的每一个学生都可以使用新图书馆。 (3)Our new school library _______________________ every student in our school.(accessible adj.) (4)Every student in our school ____________________________ our new school library.(access n．) 【经典例句】 ①Thus I have been allowed to gain access to the living environment of the educationalist. 因此，我被允许接触这个教育家的居住环境。 ②He raised to make jazz more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. 他提议使爵士乐更容易接近，并且保留它的历史和文化。 考点6. worthwhile　adj.值得的；值得做的；重要的；有益的 [教材原句](教材P9)If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile. 如果作为一名教师，我所做的能将一个像格雷厄姆一样的孩子转变成一个如此成功的大人，那么我知道我现在所做的都是值得的。 【拓展】 (1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 做某事是值得的。 (2)worth adj. 值得的 be worth doing... 做……是值得的 (3)worthy adj. 值得的 be worthy of being done/to be done 做……是值得的 【练练不忘】 一句多译 这个问题不值得一次又一次地讨论。 (1)_____________________________________________________ again and again. (worthwhile) (2)_____________________________________________________ again and again.(worth) (3)_____________________________________________________ again and again.(worthy) 【经典例句】 ①It is worthwhile listening/to listen to the presentation again. 这个报告值得再听一遍。 ②This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated/to be translated. 这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。 考点7. preference　n.喜爱，偏爱，偏好 【拓展】 (1)have a preference for　　 更喜欢…… in preference to 优先于；而不是 (2)prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿 prefer to do/doing... 更喜欢做…… prefer sb.to do... 更喜欢让某人做…… prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) We prefer ___________________(describe) emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. (2)I would usually choose living in a small town in preference for living in a big city.__________ 一句多译 毕竟，所有的孩子都喜欢表扬而不是批评(scold)。 (3)After all, all kids ____________________________________________________________． (4)After all, all kids ____________________________________________________________． 【经典例句】 ①As a matter of fact, I have a preference for black tea.　事实上，我偏爱红茶。 ②The old woman used to prefer sitting in the sofa to walking in the sun.　 比起在太阳底下散步，这位老太太过去更喜欢坐在沙发上。 考点8. upset　adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　 vt.使不安；使生气，使心烦意乱；打翻，碰倒；打扰 【拓展】 (1)be/get upset about/over/at... 对……感到心烦意乱 be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安 (2)It upsets/upset sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人感到不舒服/不安 It upsets/upset sb.that... 让某人感到不高兴的是…… 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中upset的词性及含义 (1)(2020·天津卷7月)Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.　________ (2)Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. _________________________ (3)I couldn't join in the Chinese Calligraphy Exhibition, which upset me.________________ 句式升级 (4)I didn't know how to get along with my roommates and that upset me. →________________________ I didn't know how to get along with my roommates.(it作形式主语) →________________________ I didn't know how to get along with my roommates.(what引导主语从句) 【经典例句】 ①There is no point in getting upset about the death of the host. 为这个主持人的去世难过没有意义。 ②It upsets me to think of her alone in that big house. 想到她孤身一人守着那栋大房子，我就感到不安。 [温馨提示] upset作动词时，其过去式和过去分词形式均为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。 考点9. ashamed 　adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的 【拓展】 (1)be ashamed of　　　对……感到羞愧 be ashamed to do... 耻于做…… (2)shame n.　　　　　羞耻；羞愧；惭愧；令人遗憾的事 It's a shame that... ……是令人遗憾的事 (3)shameful adj. 可耻的；丢脸的；不体面的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)I felt ____________(shame) of taking advantage of his sympathy, and I finally apologized to him. (2)It is shame that you cannot join us in this reunion.______________ 完成句子 (3)我不好意思告诉他我英语考试不及格。 I _______________________________ that I had failed in the English exam. 【经典例句】 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 我们常常对自己的缺点、错误和失败感到羞愧。 ②It is shameful to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress. 违反校规、自私或不努力取得进步都是可耻的。 考点10. associate with　与某人交往 【拓展】 (1)associate...with...　 把……和……联系起来 (2)associated adj. 有关联的，相关的；联合的 be associated with 和……有关 (3)association n. 协会；社团；联合；结合；交往 in association with 和……联合；与……有关 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, she says, some of the injuries _______________(associate) with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. (2)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air _______ health care. 同义替换 (3)There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking. →There are many serious health problems ___________________________ smoking. 【经典例句】 ①If you associate with positive­thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. 如果你与积极思考的人交往，你肯定会取得成功。 ②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. 竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家园有关。 考点11. reality　n.真实；事实，现实(的事物) [教材原句](教材P15)They say that phones bring people closer together but in reality, my mind is always a million miles away.　他们说手机使人们更亲近，但事实上，我的思绪始终在千里之外。 【拓展】 (1)in reality 事实上，实际上 come into reality (梦想)实现 become a reality 成为现实 turn...into reality 把……变为现实 make sth. a reality 实现某事 (2)real adj. 真实的 realize vt. 实现；意识到；了解 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)You never know when what you learn today will make your dream __ reality. (2)He seems self­confident，but ___ reality he is very shy.　 一句多译 他上大学的梦想已经实现了。 (3)His dream of going to college __________________________． (4)His dream of going to college __________________________． (5)His dream of going to college __________________________． (6)His dream of going to college _________________________． 【经典例句】 Scientists are trying to turn the dream into reality. 科学家正努力把这一梦想变为现实。 考点12. desperate 　adj.绝望的；拼命的 [教材原句](教材P15)I'm desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides. 我就非常渴望回到网络世界和它提供的紧张活动中。 【拓展】 (1)be desperate for　 　　极想要……；渴望…… be desperate to do sth. 极想做某事 in desperate need of 急需…… (2)desperately adv. 绝望地；不顾一切地 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)After ten years of hard study, he is desperate ___________(pass) the College Entrance Examination. (2)The player, my niece, was desperate about the gold medal, but she failed._____________ 完成句子 (3)海地目前急需更多的医生和护士来帮助它控制霍乱疫情。 Haiti is _____________________________________ to help it manage a cholera crisis. 【经典例句】 ①He cut desperately at the rope in an attempt to free his foot. 他拼命地割绳子，试图把脚挣脱出来。 ②Occasionally, we are desperate to search for something but it is just under our noses. 有时，我们拼命地找某个东西，但其实它就在我们的面前。 考点13. depressed　adj.(感到)沮丧的，忧愁的 [教材原句](教材P15)I constantly feel depressed, dissatisfied and alone. 我经常感到沮丧、不满和孤独。 【拓展】 (1)be/get depressed at/about/by 对……感到沮丧 (2)depression n. 抑郁；沮丧；萧条 suffer from depression 得了抑郁症 to one's depression 让某人感到沮丧的是 (3)depress v. 使沮丧；使意志消沉；使心灰意冷 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·天津卷7月)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to _________________(depress) and even crimes. (2)Looking for a job these days can be very __________________(depress) sometimes. 句型转换 (3)What depressed her was that she lost her purse on her way to work. →_____________________ ,she lost her purse on her way to work. 【经典例句】 ①There is no point in getting depressed about it now—it's no use crying over spilt milk. 现在为这件事感到沮丧是没有意义的，为洒了的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。 ②She suffered from severe depression after losing her job.　她失业后患了严重的抑郁症。 考点14. delay　v.延迟；延期，推迟　n．延期；延误 【拓展】 delay doing sth.　　　　　 延迟做某事 without delay 立即；毫不耽搁 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Never delay ________(do) something you should finish today. (2)Traffic ________________(delay) by the bad weather. 词汇升级 (3)Those who were exposed to pig flu were separated and treated at once. →Those who were exposed to pig flu were separated and treated __________________． 【经典例句】 ①(2020·江苏卷) They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed. 他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免耽搁。 ②Problems, if any, should be solved without delay. 有问题要立即解决。 考点15. complain　vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚；投诉 [教材原句](教材P15)On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone. 在去年夏天的一次度假中，我的妹妹一直在抱怨她需要给她的手机充电。 【拓展】 (1)complain to sb.of/about　　 向某人抱怨；诉说 (2)complaint n. 抱怨，怨言；不满，委屈 make a complaint of/about... 投诉/抱怨…… make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨/投诉 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)He complained ___ me that he had done everything with all his strength, but failed to pass the tests. (2)The patient is making a __________________(complain) to the doctor of his bad headache. 句型转换 (3)She complained that her work was too hard. →She complained __________________________________． 【经典例句】 ①Several passengers complained to the air company about the bad service on the flight. 许多旅客向航空公司投诉班机上服务差。 ②I'd like to make a complaint about my holiday in Hawaii last week. 我想抱怨我上周在夏威夷度假的事。 考点16. appointment　n.约定；约会；预约；任命，委派 [教材原句](教材P15)I can't even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments, invitations and news updates you would miss! 我甚至不能想象一周没有社交网络——想一下你会错过的所有重要的约会、邀请和最新的新闻！ 【拓展】 (1)have/make/fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 (2)appoint vt. 任命；委派 appoint sb.as/to be... 任命某人为…… appoint sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事 (3)appointed adj. 指定的；约定的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed _____________(guard) her. (2)—Good morning, Mr. Lee's office. —Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment _____ next Wednesday afternoon. (3)I regret to tell you that I can't accompany you to Beijing at the appointing time.____________________ 句式升级 (4)He was appointed as headmaster of the school. He spared no effort to improve its teaching quality. →__________________________ ,he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.(分词作状语)　 【经典例句】 ①I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment. 我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。 ②He was extremely honored to be appointed as sales manager of the company. 被任命为公司的销售经理，他感到非常荣幸。 考点17. behalf　n.代表…… [教材原句](教材P18)I'm writing on behalf of the school's Student Union.　 我代表学校的学生会写信。 【拓展】 on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf 代表或代替某人；为了某人的利益 【练练不忘】 一句多译 我将代表我们学校参加运动会。 (1)I will ______________________________________________________________． (2)I will ______________________________________________________________． 【教考衔接】 (2021·浙江卷1月) I'm honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our school. 我很荣幸能代表我们学校在这里向你们表示热烈的欢迎。 考点18. engagement　n.参与；订婚；约定；雇用 [教材原句](教材P18)Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation, clarity and fluency, and also progression of ideas and audience engagement. 参与者的发音、清晰度和流畅度，以及想法的进展和观众的参与度都是评判的标准。 【拓展】 (1) have an engagement with　与……有约定 (2)engage vi. 参加；参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣) engage in 从事；参与 engage one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 engage sb./oneself in... 使某人/自己参与 (3)engaged adj.忙于……的；已订婚的；被占用的 be engaged in 忙于…… be/get/become engaged to sb.　和某人订婚 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)(2019·天津卷)A study shows the students who are __________(engage) in after­school activities are happier than those who are not. (2)She made a promise that her daughter would be engaged with a man with good quality._______ 同义替换 (3)The whole family engage themselves in the preparation for the coming holiday. →The whole family ______________________ the preparation for the coming holiday. 【经典例句】 He had an engagement with her at eight tonight. 他今晚8点和她有个约会。 考点19. take up　拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间、空间等) [教材原句](教材P18)We would not take up too much of your time. 我们不会占用你太多时间的。 【拓展】 take in　　　收留(某人)；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗；包括 take off (飞机等)起飞；脱下 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take out 取出；切除，摘除 take over 接管 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中take up的含义 (1)Thinking twice, she finally took up his invitation._______ (2)Joan took up the story when her sister forgot the next detail.________ (3)The girl took up her bag and left the dorm._________ (4)That big clock will have to go; it takes up too much space in the small dorm._______ (5)At the age of sixty he took up the study of Russian.__________ 词汇升级 (6)Don't be fooled by his promises for he never realizes them. →Don't be _____________ by his promises for he never realizes them. 【经典例句】 The city has been developing very fast and it has taken on a new look. 这座城市飞速发展，已经呈现出新的面貌。 考点20. belong　v. 应在(某处)；适应；属于 [教材原句](教材P21)We all want to be part of a group and feel like we belong to our community.　我们都想成为小组中的一份子，也都想感觉我们属于我们的社区。 【拓展】 (1)belong to　　　 是……的成员；属于 (2)belonging n. 归属　 a sense of belonging 归属感 (3)belongings n. 所有物；财产 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their __________ (belong)? (2)In my opinion, you'd better put the book which it belongs._______________ 句型转换 (3)A tiger is a large fierce animal. It belongs to the cat family. (用非谓语动词合并为一句) →A tiger is a large fierce animal ___________________________． 【经典例句】 ①(2021·全国卷甲改编) What message the author seems to convey in the text is that children need a sense of belonging.　作者在文本中传达的信息似乎是，孩子们需要一种归属感。 ②Paper­cutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which belongs to traditional Chinese art. 剪纸有1 500多年的历史了， 它属于中国传统艺术。 [温馨提示] belong to无被动语态，无进行时，后接名词或代词的宾格形式，其现在分词形式可作后置定语。 考点21. approval　n.赞成，同意；通过；认可；批准；赞许 【拓展】 (1)meet with one's approval　　得到某人的赞许 give one's approval to sth. 某人批准某事 (2)approve vi. 赞成，同意 vt. 批准 approve of 赞成，同意 (3)approving adj. 赞许的；许可的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)My son made an incredible decision without my _______________(approve). (2)She doesn't approve ____ my leaving school this year. 一句多译 老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们的在校经历。 (3)The teacher ___________________________ to record our experiences at school. (approval n．) (4)The teacher ___________________________ to record our experiences at school. (approve v．) 【经典例句】 ①She didn't give approval to her daughter going out for the appointment. 她不同意女儿出去赴约。 ②My mother doesn't approve of my attending such a party, because it finishes at midnight. 我母亲不同意我参加这样的晚会，因为它在午夜结束。 [温馨提示] approve意为“赞成，同意”时，是不及物动词，“赞成某人做某事”不可译成approve sb.to do sth.或在其后跟that从句，应用approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth.。 考点22. defend 　vi.& vt.保护，保卫 [教材原句](教材P21)Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend.　欺凌者选择容易的目标——那些在同伴群体之外并且该群体不太可能会保护的人。 【拓展】 (1)defend...from/against (doing...) 保护……免受…… defend oneself 自卫 (2)defence n. 防御；保卫，保证 in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one's defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The female hormones help the body defend itself _____________ some kinds of infections. (2)We shouldn't forget the soldiers who died ___ defence of our country. 一句多译 看到这条蛇，他冲过去保护他的侄女。 (3)Seeing the snake, he rushed _____________ his niece.(defend v．) (4)Seeing the snake, he rushed _________________ his niece.(defence n．) 【经典例句】 ①My principle is that when someone attacks me, I will defend myself. 我的原则是当有人攻击我时，我就要保护自己。 ②I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。 考点23. “if only...”意为“要是……就好了” [教材原句](教材P8)Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 有时我甚至想，要是能打电话征求他的意见就好了！ 【拓展】 (1)“if only...”意为“要是……就好了”，句中要用虚拟语气。 ①若表示与将来事实相反的情况，句中谓语则用would/could＋do； ②若表示与现在事实相反，句中谓语则用动词的过去式(be用were)； ③若表示与过去事实相反，句中谓语则用had done。 (2)“only if”意为“只有，只要……就”，only仅起强调作用。only if引导的状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)My niece said, “If only I ________________(come) to the party yesterday！” (2)If only the committee __________________(approve) the regulations and put them into effect. 句式升级 (3)A student is allowed to leave the classroom only if a teacher has given permission. →________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(倒装) 【经典例句】 If only I had the chance to become an educationalist! 要是我有机会成为一个教育家，那该多好！ 考点24. the first day/time引导时间状语从句 [教材原句](教材P9)The first day he walked into my class, he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored... 他第一天走进我的班级时，书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子…… 【拓展】 (1)the first day用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一天……时”。 (2)引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有every time、each time、the last time、the moment、the minute、the second、the instant、the month、the year等，起从属连词的作用。 【练练不忘】 完成句子 (1)我每次见他，他都随身带着他的笔记本电脑。 _________________________________________ ,he always carries his notebook computer. (2)铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。 _______________________________________________________ ,out rushed the children. 【经典例句】 Next time you come, do remember to bring your nephew here. 下次来的时候，一定记着把你侄子带来。 考点25. “否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 [教材原句](教材P14) But he's also never felt more alone. 但他却也从未感到如此孤独。 【拓展】 最高级含义的其他表达： (1)比较级＋than＋ (2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as (3)the＋形容词/副词最高级 【练练不忘】 一句多译 汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。 (1)Tom is more intelligent than ___________________ student in his class. (2)Tom is more intelligent than ______________ the other students in his class. (3)Tom is more intelligent than all __________________ students in his class. (4)Tom is more intelligent than anyone _______ in his class. (5)_______________ is as intelligent as Tom in his class. (6)No one is ___________ intelligent than Tom in his class. (7)Tom is __________________ intelligent student in his class. 【经典例句】 ①The whole family couldn't be happier to be together. 全家人都很高兴能在一起。 ②In his view, nothing is more enjoyable than reading books in the original in his spare time. 在他看来，在空闲时间阅读原著最有趣。 考点26. 序数词＋to do... [教材原句](教材P14) If you're one of my 500 friends online, you'll always be the first to know. 如果你是我的500个网友之一，你会一直是第一个知道的。 【拓展】 (1)英语中序数词、最高级或no、all、any等限定词后，常用不定式作后置定语。 (2)ability、chance、opportunity、attempt、anxiety、decision、curiosity、desire、plan、promise、offer、tendency、wish、way、need等名词后常跟不定式作后置定语。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)You haven't kept your promise _______________(write) us regularly. (2)I think sport is the best thing _________(do) because it helps you to relax and keeps you in a great shape and a healthy body. 完成句子 (3)她很幸运因为她是这次事故唯一的幸存者。 She was lucky because she was _________________________________________． (4)我认为亨利不是做这项工作的最佳人选。 I don't think Henry is _______________________________________． 【经典例句】 His ability to get along well with others is his chief advantage. 他能和他人相处融洽是他的最大优势。 考点27. 否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 [教材原句](教材P15)...not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. ……她一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。 【拓展】 not once置于句首时要用部分倒装，即将系动词/情态动词/助动词等提到主语前面，其他否定意义的副词如neither、nor、never、hardly、seldom、not、little等位于句首时也需部分倒装。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)If you don't agree to our plan, neither ______ they. (2)Having not seen my nephew for ten years, hardly did I remember what he looks like.________ 句式升级 (3)You can in no way miss the chance to be sent abroad for further education. →_______________________________________ to be sent abroad for further education.(倒装) 【经典例句】 ①Not once did I have access to attending the presentation of the famous educationalist. 我一次也没参加过那个著名教育学家的报告。 ②I don't know about his secrets.Nor/Neither do I care. 我不知道他的秘密，我也不关心。 一．语法精讲——过去完成时 观察句子 Last night, after I ①had finished supper, I went to the cinema with Xiao Ming. When we got to the cinema, the film ②hadn't begun, but most of the audience had taken their seats. After the film began, the audience quieted down immediately. It was the first time that I ③had seen the documentary, so I watched it especially attentively. This was the best film I had ever seen and I ④hadn't thought it would be so attractive. 我的领悟 1．加黑处①和加黑处②表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一动作以前已经完成了的动作，句中常有after、before、when等引导时间状语从句。 2．加黑处③用于固定句型It/This/That was the first/second/...time that...，意为“这/那是第一/二/……次……。” 3．加黑处④表示过去未曾实现的想法。 语法知识精讲 一、构成 过去完成时由“had＋动词的过去分词”构成。 二、基本用法 1．表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 ◆By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 ◆When they arrived, the enemy had abandoned the town and run away. 他们到达时，敌人已经放弃了那个镇子，逃走了。 2．表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。常与for、since等表示一段时间的状语连用。 ◆When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.　杰克到达时才得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。 3．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。后接动词不定式时，意为“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。表示希望或打算的动词有hope、want、expect、think、suppose、plan、mean、intend等。 ◆I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train. 我原本希望昨天晚上回来，但我没有赶上火车。 4．用于特殊句型中。 hardly/scarcely...when..., It/This/That was the first/second/...time (that) ..., no sooner...than... ◆No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.　他刚到就又走了。 ◆It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.　这是他那一年第三次失业了。 [对点练习1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)Hardly ______ he __________(begin) to speak when the audience interrupted him. (2)It was the third time that he __________________(donate) money to the disaster area. (3)(2019·天津卷)I _____________(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. (4)(2020·江苏卷)Instead of getting down to a new task as I _______________(expect), he examined the previous work again. (5)He said he ___________________(work) in that factory since 1999. (6)(2020·浙江卷7月)By about 6000 BC, people __________________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 三、过去完成时与其他时态的区别 1．过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 ◆I have lived in China for ten years so far. 到目前为止，我在中国已经生活10年了。 ◆I had lived in China for ten years before I came to Japan.　在去日本之前，我已经在中国生活10年了。 2．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 (1)时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 ◆They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 昨天他们10点钟到的车站。 (2)在没有明确的时间状语作为标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须根据上下文来判断。先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。 ◆I had finished my homework before my mother came back.　在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。 (3)先后发生的一系列动作，但并不强调先后时，最后两个动词用then、and、but等连接，用一般过去时。在before、after、as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 ◆He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 他走进房间，打开灯，然后看晚报。 ◆I (had) called her before I left the office. 我离开办公室前给她打了电话。 (4)叙述历史事实或标志词为“in＋过去的年份”时，用一般过去时。 ◆Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 我们的老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 [对点练习2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)The scientist is doing experiments no one ___________________(attempt) so far. (2)Six hundred trees _________________________(plant) before last Wednesday. (3)After he __________________(do) his homework, he went to bed. (4)He _______________(live) here since five years ago. (5)All the tickets ___________________(sell) out when Mary got to the cinema. (6)I _________________(finish) cooking dinner before you came back. (7)(2021·全国卷甲改编)The Xi'an City Wall ____________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty. (8)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Actually, I __________(start) to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, yet I have long been out of practice. 二．写作精讲——邀请信 文体感知 邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，要说明活动的内容、时间、地点及其精彩之处。在写作时，要注意邀请信的交际性，语气要热情有礼，态度要诚恳真挚。 1．根据邀请信的性质可将其分为普通邀请信和正式邀请信。普通邀请信对内容和格式的要求都不高，只要说明活动的内容、时间、地点等即可。正式邀请信的措辞要正式、语气要热情有礼，态度要诚恳； 2．邀请信的末尾要表达希望对方参加或出席的愿望； 3．时态：多用一般将来时。 4．具体写作结构为： 增分佳句 1．I am writing to invite you to.../I'm writing to tell you that there will be a(n)... 2．I am very pleased to invite you to participate in...to be held from...to...in... 3．I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in... 4．It is my pleasure to extend an invitation to you to...with me. 5．I wonder if you can come... 6．It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to... 7．Here are some details about this activity./The following are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as follows. 8．Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to...? 9．If you are interested in it, let me know and I'll send you more information. 10．My family and I would feel much honored if you could come. 11．I am sure you will have a good time at... 12．I sincerely hope to meet you there and please do let me know your decision soon. 满分作文特训 写作要求 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ) 假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友艾伦(Allen)参加，内容包括： 1．时间； 2．活动安排； 3．欢迎他表演节目。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 审题谋篇 第一步： 审题构思很关键 第二步： 补全句子雏形现 1．你一定听说了即将举办的音乐节。(must have done) You _______________________________________________________ Music Festival. 2．音乐节将在我们学校举行。(被动语态) This festival _____________________________________________. 3．你对音乐非常感兴趣。(take interest in) You ______________________________________________ music. 4．我写信邀请你和我一起参加音乐节。(invite sb.to do sth., participate in) I'm writing to ____________________________________________________________． 5．根据安排，音乐节将于下周日的下午5点到8点在操场举行。(as scheduled) _____________________________________________ from 5 p．m. to 8 p．m. next Sunday. 6．我们将坐在草地上，享受着赞助商提供的美味食品和饮料。(过去分词作后置定语) We'll sit on the grass and enjoy the tasty food and drinks ___________________________． 7．我们将完全沉浸在美妙的节目中。(be absorbed in) We'll ____________________________________________________________________． 第三步： 句式升级造亮点 1．用过去分词短语连接第二步中的句1和句2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 2．用since原因状语从句连接第二步中的句3和句4 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 3．用分词作状语连接第二步中的句6和句7 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . 第四步： 过渡衔接连成篇 ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ occasionally　adv.偶尔；偶然 【搭配】on occasion 偶尔，有时 【联想】occasion n.　　时刻；时机；盛会；场合 grateful　adj.感激的，感谢的 【搭配】I would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将感激不尽。 lack　vi.& vt.缺乏；没有　 n．缺乏；短缺 【搭配】a lack of...　　缺少…… 【联想】lacking adj. 缺少的；缺乏的 presentation　n.报告；陈述，说明 【搭配】at present现在；目前 【联想】present v.授予；提交；展示 adj.目前的；出席的，在场的 n.礼物；目前，现在 access　n.进入；接触的机会；(接近的)方法 【搭配】have/get/obtain/gain access to... 　　　拥有……的机会；接近；可以利用 【联想】accessible adj.　可接近的；可达到的；易取得的 worthwhile　adj.值得的；值得做的；重要的；有益的 【联想】worthy adj. 值得的 【搭配】be worth doing... 做……是值得的 preference　n.喜爱，偏爱，偏好 【联想】prefer v.更喜欢；宁愿 【搭配】prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B upset　adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　vt.使不安；使生气，使心烦意乱；打翻，碰倒；打扰 【搭配】be/get upset about/over/at...对……感到心烦意乱 be upset to do sth.对做某事感到不安 ashamed 　adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的 【搭配】be ashamed of　　对……感到羞愧 【联想】shame n.　　羞耻；羞愧；惭愧；令人遗憾的事 associate with　与某人交往 【搭配】be associated with和……有关 【联想】association n协会；社团；联合；结合；交往 reality　n.真实；事实，现实(的事物) 【搭配】in reality事实上，实际上 【联想】real adj.真实的 realize vt.实现；意识到；了解 desperate 　adj.绝望的；拼命的 【搭配】be desperate for　 极想要……；渴望…… 【联想】desperately adv. 绝望地；不顾一切地 depressed　adj.(感到)沮丧的，忧愁的 【搭配】be/get depressed at/about/by对……感到沮丧 【联想】depression n.抑郁；沮丧；萧条 delay　v.延迟；延期，推迟　n．延期；延误 【搭配】delay doing sth.　　延迟做某事 without delay 立即；毫不耽搁 complain　vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚；投诉 【搭配】make a complaint of/about... 投诉/抱怨…… make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨/投诉 【联想】complaint n. 抱怨，怨言；不满，委屈 appointment　n.约定；约会；预约；任命，委派 【搭配】have/make/fix an appointment with sb. 　　　　与某人约会/预约 【联想】)appoint vt. 任命；委派 1. Wine and meat friends are easy to find, but hardships are rare. 酒肉朋友易找，患难之交难逢。 2. Honey is the sweetest. Friendship is sweeter than honey. 蜜糖算最甜，友谊的话比蜜糖还甜。 3. Make friends and be trustworthy.　与朋友交，言而有信。 4. It's better to choose friends than to make friends.　广交不如择友，投师不如访友。 5. Water trees and roots to make friends.　浇树浇根，交友交心。 6. Weighing can weigh light, words can energize the hearts and minds of the people. 称能称轻重，话能量人心。 7. Blame is a gift from a friend.　责备是朋友给的礼物。 8. Help others to forget, others help to remember.　 帮助别人要忘掉，别人帮助要记牢。 9. A friend is a road, an enemy is a wall.　一个朋友一条路，一个冤家一堵墙。 10. Pearls hang around the neck, friendship is embedded in the heart. 珍珠挂在颈上，友谊嵌在心上。 11. Benevolence makes friends, and friendship helps benevolence.　以仁会友，以友辅仁。 12. Losing friends is respectful and far away, while benefiting friends is respectful and dear. 　 损友敬而远，益友敬而亲。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Relationships Unit1 话题 人际关系 词汇 passionate, host, occasionally, grateful, practical, pour, lack, presentation, access, worthwhile preference, upset, ashamed, intention, demanding, raise, manner, reality, dominate, chase desperate, rude, appointment, invitation, organise, behalf, engagement, belong, approval defend, contrast 短语 for the first time, have access to, belong to, pour into, associate with, in contrast to, set off obsess over, a couple of, used to, on behalf of sb, take up 句型 1.if only... 2.the first day/time 引导时间状语从句 3.“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义 4.序数词+to do... 5.否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 6.现在分词作伴随状语 语法 过去完成时 写作 邀请信 考点1. occasionally　adv.偶尔；偶然 [教材原句](教材P105)It's good that we take some time occasionally to remember some of the positive things in life, don't you agree？　我们偶尔花点时间回忆一下生活中积极的事情是好的，你不同意吗？ 【拓展】 (1)occasion n.　　　　　 时刻；时机；盛会；场合 on occasion 偶尔，有时 on this/that occasion 在这个/那个时候 on one occasion 有一次；曾经 (2)occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1) (2020·江苏卷) On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. (2)I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel because of ill health. (3)This is not an occasion for laughter, where you must take everything seriously. 同义替换 (4)As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only occasionally. →As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only on__occasion． 【经典例句】 On one occasion, she called me in the middle of the night. 有一次，她深更半夜给我打电话。 [温馨提示] 当occasion表示时间，意为“时刻；机会”时，用关系副词when引导定语从句；当occasion表示地点，意为“场合”时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。 考点2. grateful　adj.感激的，感谢的 【拓展】 (1)be grateful (2)I would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将感激不尽。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1) I was extremely grateful to her for her help during my stay in England. (2)He gratefully(grateful) accepted the money donated by his friends. 一句多译 如果你能帮我的忙，我将非常感激。 (3)I__would__be__very__grateful if you could lend me a hand.(grateful adj.) (4)I__would__appreciate__it if you could lend me a hand.(appreciate v．) 【经典例句】 ①(2021·全国卷乙) She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. 她感激医疗和护理团队为她所做的一切。 ②He will be grateful to know that he will host the party.　 知道他将主持这次晚会，他会很感激的。 考点3. lack　vi.& vt.缺乏；没有　n．缺乏；短缺 [教材原句](教材P8)The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself. 问题在于我对自己缺乏信心。 【拓展】 (1)(a) lack of...　　　　　　缺少…… for/through lack of... 由于缺少…… lack (for) nothing 没有欠缺 (2)lacking adj. 缺少的；缺乏的 be lacking in... 缺少…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Though lacking(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university. (2)Despite his lack in experience, he got the job.in→of 一句多译 因为缺钱，这个男孩没有上学。 (3)The boy didn't go to school because he lacked__money．(lack v．) (4)The boy didn't go to school because he was__lacking__in__money．(lacking adj.) (5)The boy didn't go to school for__lack__of__money．(lack n．) 【经典例句】 ①(2020·江苏卷) Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment. 后来，他在非洲工作，那里许多人因为缺乏恰当的治疗而失明。 ②I'll see that you lack for nothing while you attend college. 你上大学时我会保证你的一切需要的。 [温馨提示] lack作及物动词时，其后直接跟宾语，但通常不用被动语态和进行时；lack作名词时，常与of连用。 考点4. presentation　n.报告；陈述，说明 [教材原句](教材P8)I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. 我对恒星和行星的研究很感兴趣，他让我向全班做报告。 【拓展】 (1)make/give a presentation 做报告/陈述 (2)present v. 授予；提交；展示 adj. 目前的；出席的，在场的 n. 礼物；目前，现在 present sb.with sth. (＝present sth. to sb.) 授予/给予某人某物 be present at... 出席…… make sb.a present of sth. 将某物赠送给某人 at present 现在；目前 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中present的词性及含义 (1) (2020·全国卷Ⅲ) When he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.v.提交 (2)We do not have any more information at the present time. adj.目前的 (3)There were 200 people present at the meeting. adj.出席的 (4)At present, some countries do not have enough water to produce the food their people need.n.现在 (5)She bought a birthday present for her mother. n.礼物 【经典例句】 ①The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products. 销售经理将举行一次新产品发布会。 ②It is said that many teachers and parents were present at the meeting. 据说许多老师和父母出席了这次会议。 [温馨提示] present作前置定语时，意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。 考点5. access　n.进入；接触的机会；(接近的)方法 [教材原句](教材P9)The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn. 作为一名教师的意义在于，当孩子们的思维开放并渴望学习的时候，你有机会接触他们的思想。 【拓展】 (1)have/get/obtain/gain access to... 拥有……的机会；接近；可以利用 give access to 接近；准许进入 (2)accessible adj.　　　　 可接近的；可达到的；易取得的 be accessible to... 可接近/可靠近；可使用…… 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible(access) to children. (2)The only access of that cottage is across the farmland.of→to 一句多译 我们学校的每一个学生都可以使用新图书馆。 (3)Our new school library is__accessible__to every student in our school.(accessible adj.) (4)Every student in our school has/gets/obtains/gains__access__to our new school library.(access n．) 【经典例句】 ①Thus I have been allowed to gain access to the living environment of the educationalist. 因此，我被允许接触这个教育家的居住环境。 ②He raised to make jazz more accessible, and preserve its history and culture. 他提议使爵士乐更容易接近，并且保留它的历史和文化。 考点6. worthwhile　adj.值得的；值得做的；重要的；有益的 [教材原句](教材P9)If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile. 如果作为一名教师，我所做的能将一个像格雷厄姆一样的孩子转变成一个如此成功的大人，那么我知道我现在所做的都是值得的。 【拓展】 (1)It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 做某事是值得的。 (2)worth adj. 值得的 be worth doing... 做……是值得的 (3)worthy adj. 值得的 be worthy of being done/to be done 做……是值得的 【练练不忘】 一句多译 这个问题不值得一次又一次地讨论。 (1)It__is__not__worthwhile__discussing/to__discuss__the__question again and again. (worthwhile) (2)The__question__is__not__worth__discussing again and again.(worth) (3)The__question__is__not__worthy__of__being__discussed/to__be__discussed again and again.(worthy) 【经典例句】 ①It is worthwhile listening/to listen to the presentation again. 这个报告值得再听一遍。 ②This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated/to be translated. 这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。 考点7. preference　n.喜爱，偏爱，偏好 【拓展】 (1)have a preference for　　 更喜欢…… in preference to 优先于；而不是 (2)prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿 prefer to do/doing... 更喜欢做…… prefer sb.to do... 更喜欢让某人做…… prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) We prefer to__describe/__describing(describe) emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. (2)I would usually choose living in a small town in preference for living in a big city.for→to 一句多译 毕竟，所有的孩子都喜欢表扬而不是批评(scold)。 (3)After all, all kids prefer__to__be__praised__rather__than__be__scolded． (4)After all, all kids prefer__being__praised__to__being__scolded． 【经典例句】 ①As a matter of fact, I have a preference for black tea.　事实上，我偏爱红茶。 ②The old woman used to prefer sitting in the sofa to walking in the sun.　 比起在太阳底下散步，这位老太太过去更喜欢坐在沙发上。 考点8. upset　adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　 vt.使不安；使生气，使心烦意乱；打翻，碰倒；打扰 【拓展】 (1)be/get upset about/over/at... 对……感到心烦意乱 be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安 (2)It upsets/upset sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人感到不舒服/不安 It upsets/upset sb.that... 让某人感到不高兴的是…… 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中upset的词性及含义 (1)(2020·天津卷7月)Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents.　vt.打扰 (2)Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple. adj.心烦意乱的；不安的 (3)I couldn't join in the Chinese Calligraphy Exhibition, which upset me.__vt.使不安；使心烦 句式升级 (4)I didn't know how to get along with my roommates and that upset me. →It__upset__me__that I didn't know how to get along with my roommates.(it作形式主语) →What__upset__me__was__that I didn't know how to get along with my roommates.(what引导主语从句) 【经典例句】 ①There is no point in getting upset about the death of the host. 为这个主持人的去世难过没有意义。 ②It upsets me to think of her alone in that big house. 想到她孤身一人守着那栋大房子，我就感到不安。 [温馨提示] upset作动词时，其过去式和过去分词形式均为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。 考点9. ashamed 　adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的 【拓展】 (1)be ashamed of　　　对……感到羞愧 be ashamed to do... 耻于做…… (2)shame n.　　　　　羞耻；羞愧；惭愧；令人遗憾的事 It's a shame that... ……是令人遗憾的事 (3)shameful adj. 可耻的；丢脸的；不体面的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)I felt ashamed(shame) of taking advantage of his sympathy, and I finally apologized to him. (2)It is shame that you cannot join us in this reunion.在shame前加a 完成句子 (3)我不好意思告诉他我英语考试不及格。 I was__ashamed__to__tell__him that I had failed in the English exam. 【经典例句】 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 我们常常对自己的缺点、错误和失败感到羞愧。 ②It is shameful to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress. 违反校规、自私或不努力取得进步都是可耻的。 考点10. associate with　与某人交往 【拓展】 (1)associate...with...　 把……和……联系起来 (2)associated adj. 有关联的，相关的；联合的 be associated with 和……有关 (3)association n. 协会；社团；联合；结合；交往 in association with 和……联合；与……有关 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated(associate) with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. (2)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. 同义替换 (3)There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking. →There are many serious health problems in__association__with smoking. 【经典例句】 ①If you associate with positive­thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. 如果你与积极思考的人交往，你肯定会取得成功。 ②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. 竹子与健康、富足和幸福的家园有关。 考点11. reality　n.真实；事实，现实(的事物) [教材原句](教材P15)They say that phones bring people closer together but in reality, my mind is always a million miles away.　他们说手机使人们更亲近，但事实上，我的思绪始终在千里之外。 【拓展】 (1)in reality 事实上，实际上 come into reality (梦想)实现 become a reality 成为现实 turn...into reality 把……变为现实 make sth. a reality 实现某事 (2)real adj. 真实的 realize vt. 实现；意识到；了解 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)You never know when what you learn today will make your dream a reality. (2)He seems self­confident，but in reality he is very shy.　 一句多译 他上大学的梦想已经实现了。 (3)His dream of going to college has__been__realized． (4)His dream of going to college has__come__true． (5)His dream of going to college has__become__a__reality． (6)His dream of going to college has__come__into__reality． 【经典例句】 Scientists are trying to turn the dream into reality. 科学家正努力把这一梦想变为现实。 考点12. desperate 　adj.绝望的；拼命的 [教材原句](教材P15)I'm desperate to get back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides. 我就非常渴望回到网络世界和它提供的紧张活动中。 【拓展】 (1)be desperate for　 　　极想要……；渴望…… be desperate to do sth. 极想做某事 in desperate need of 急需…… (2)desperately adv. 绝望地；不顾一切地 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)After ten years of hard study, he is desperate to__pass(pass) the College Entrance Examination. (2)The player, my niece, was desperate about the gold medal, but she failed.about→for 完成句子 (3)海地目前急需更多的医生和护士来帮助它控制霍乱疫情。 Haiti is in__desperate__need__of__more__doctors__and__nurses to help it manage a cholera crisis. 【经典例句】 ①He cut desperately at the rope in an attempt to free his foot. 他拼命地割绳子，试图把脚挣脱出来。 ②Occasionally, we are desperate to search for something but it is just under our noses. 有时，我们拼命地找某个东西，但其实它就在我们的面前。 考点13. depressed　adj.(感到)沮丧的，忧愁的 [教材原句](教材P15)I constantly feel depressed, dissatisfied and alone. 我经常感到沮丧、不满和孤独。 【拓展】 (1)be/get depressed at/about/by 对……感到沮丧 (2)depression n. 抑郁；沮丧；萧条 suffer from depression 得了抑郁症 to one's depression 让某人感到沮丧的是 (3)depress v. 使沮丧；使意志消沉；使心灰意冷 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)(2020·天津卷7月)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression(depress) and even crimes. (2)Looking for a job these days can be very depressing(depress) sometimes. 句型转换 (3)What depressed her was that she lost her purse on her way to work. →To__her__depression,__she lost her purse on her way to work. 【经典例句】 ①There is no point in getting depressed about it now—it's no use crying over spilt milk. 现在为这件事感到沮丧是没有意义的，为洒了的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。 ②She suffered from severe depression after losing her job.　她失业后患了严重的抑郁症。 考点14. delay　v.延迟；延期，推迟　n．延期；延误 【拓展】 delay doing sth.　　　　　 延迟做某事 without delay 立即；毫不耽搁 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Never delay doing(do) something you should finish today. (2)Traffic was__delayed(delay) by the bad weather. 词汇升级 (3)Those who were exposed to pig flu were separated and treated at once. →Those who were exposed to pig flu were separated and treated without__delay． 【经典例句】 ①(2020·江苏卷) They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't be delayed. 他们决定为这项工程增加工人，以免耽搁。 ②Problems, if any, should be solved without delay. 有问题要立即解决。 考点15. complain　vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚；投诉 [教材原句](教材P15)On a family holiday last summer, my sister spent all her time complaining that she needed to charge her phone. 在去年夏天的一次度假中，我的妹妹一直在抱怨她需要给她的手机充电。 【拓展】 (1)complain to sb.of/about　　 向某人抱怨；诉说 (2)complaint n. 抱怨，怨言；不满，委屈 make a complaint of/about... 投诉/抱怨…… make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨/投诉 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)He complained to me that he had done everything with all his strength, but failed to pass the tests. (2)The patient is making a complaint(complain) to the doctor of his bad headache. 句型转换 (3)She complained that her work was too hard. →She complained of/about__her__work__being__too__hard． 【经典例句】 ①Several passengers complained to the air company about the bad service on the flight. 许多旅客向航空公司投诉班机上服务差。 ②I'd like to make a complaint about my holiday in Hawaii last week. 我想抱怨我上周在夏威夷度假的事。 考点16. appointment　n.约定；约会；预约；任命，委派 [教材原句](教材P15)I can't even imagine going without social networking for a week—think of all the important appointments, invitations and news updates you would miss! 我甚至不能想象一周没有社交网络——想一下你会错过的所有重要的约会、邀请和最新的新闻！ 【拓展】 (1)have/make/fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会/预约 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 (2)appoint vt. 任命；委派 appoint sb.as/to be... 任命某人为…… appoint sb.to do sth. 指派某人做某事 (3)appointed adj. 指定的；约定的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed to__guard(guard) her. (2)—Good morning, Mr. Lee's office. —Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon. (3)I regret to tell you that I can't accompany you to Beijing at the appointing time.appointing→appointed 句式升级 (4)He was appointed as headmaster of the school. He spared no effort to improve its teaching quality. →Appointed__as__headmaster__of__the__school,__he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.(分词作状语)　 【经典例句】 ①I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment. 我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。 ②He was extremely honored to be appointed as sales manager of the company. 被任命为公司的销售经理，他感到非常荣幸。 考点17. behalf　n.代表…… [教材原句](教材P18)I'm writing on behalf of the school's Student Union.　 我代表学校的学生会写信。 【拓展】 on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf 代表或代替某人；为了某人的利益 【练练不忘】 一句多译 我将代表我们学校参加运动会。 (1)I will take__part__in__the__sports__meeting__on__behalf__of__our__school． (2)I will represent__our__school__to__take__part__in__the__sports__meeting． 【教考衔接】 (2021·浙江卷1月) I'm honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you on behalf of our school. 我很荣幸能代表我们学校在这里向你们表示热烈的欢迎。 考点18. engagement　n.参与；订婚；约定；雇用 [教材原句](教材P18)Competitors should be judged on their pronunciation, clarity and fluency, and also progression of ideas and audience engagement. 参与者的发音、清晰度和流畅度，以及想法的进展和观众的参与度都是评判的标准。 【拓展】 (1) have an engagement with　与……有约定 (2)engage vi. 参加；参与(活动) vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣) engage in 从事；参与 engage one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 engage sb./oneself in... 使某人/自己参与 (3)engaged adj.忙于……的；已订婚的；被占用的 be engaged in 忙于…… be/get/become engaged to sb.　和某人订婚 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)(2019·天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged(engage) in after­school activities are happier than those who are not. (2)She made a promise that her daughter would be engaged with a man with good quality.with→to 同义替换 (3)The whole family engage themselves in the preparation for the coming holiday. →The whole family are__engaged__in the preparation for the coming holiday. 【经典例句】 He had an engagement with her at eight tonight. 他今晚8点和她有个约会。 考点19. take up　拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间、空间等) [教材原句](教材P18)We would not take up too much of your time. 我们不会占用你太多时间的。 【拓展】 take in　　　收留(某人)；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗；包括 take off (飞机等)起飞；脱下 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take out 取出；切除，摘除 take over 接管 【练练不忘】 写出下列句中take up的含义 (1)Thinking twice, she finally took up his invitation.接受 (2)Joan took up the story when her sister forgot the next detail.继续 (3)The girl took up her bag and left the dorm.拿起 (4)That big clock will have to go; it takes up too much space in the small dorm.占据 (5)At the age of sixty he took up the study of Russian.开始从事 词汇升级 (6)Don't be fooled by his promises for he never realizes them. →Don't be taken__in by his promises for he never realizes them. 【经典例句】 The city has been developing very fast and it has taken on a new look. 这座城市飞速发展，已经呈现出新的面貌。 考点20. belong　v. 应在(某处)；适应；属于 [教材原句](教材P21)We all want to be part of a group and feel like we belong to our community.　我们都想成为小组中的一份子，也都想感觉我们属于我们的社区。 【拓展】 (1)belong to　　　 是……的成员；属于 (2)belonging n. 归属　 a sense of belonging 归属感 (3)belongings n. 所有物；财产 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings (belong)? (2)In my opinion, you'd better put the book which it belongs.which→where 句型转换 (3)A tiger is a large fierce animal. It belongs to the cat family. (用非谓语动词合并为一句) →A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging__to__the__cat__family． 【经典例句】 ①(2021·全国卷甲改编) What message the author seems to convey in the text is that children need a sense of belonging.　作者在文本中传达的信息似乎是，孩子们需要一种归属感。 ②Paper­cutting has a history of over 1，500 years, which belongs to traditional Chinese art. 剪纸有1 500多年的历史了， 它属于中国传统艺术。 [温馨提示] belong to无被动语态，无进行时，后接名词或代词的宾格形式，其现在分词形式可作后置定语。 考点21. approval　n.赞成，同意；通过；认可；批准；赞许 【拓展】 (1)meet with one's approval　　得到某人的赞许 give one's approval to sth. 某人批准某事 (2)approve vi. 赞成，同意 vt. 批准 approve of 赞成，同意 (3)approving adj. 赞许的；许可的 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)My son made an incredible decision without my approval(approve). (2)She doesn't approve of my leaving school this year. 一句多译 老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们的在校经历。 (3)The teacher gave__his__approval__to__us__making__a__video to record our experiences at school. (approval n．) (4)The teacher approved__of__us__making__a__video to record our experiences at school. (approve v．) 【经典例句】 ①She didn't give approval to her daughter going out for the appointment. 她不同意女儿出去赴约。 ②My mother doesn't approve of my attending such a party, because it finishes at midnight. 我母亲不同意我参加这样的晚会，因为它在午夜结束。 [温馨提示] approve意为“赞成，同意”时，是不及物动词，“赞成某人做某事”不可译成approve sb.to do sth.或在其后跟that从句，应用approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth.。 考点22. defend 　vi.& vt.保护，保卫 [教材原句](教材P21)Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend.　欺凌者选择容易的目标——那些在同伴群体之外并且该群体不太可能会保护的人。 【拓展】 (1)defend...from/against (doing...) 保护……免受…… defend oneself 自卫 (2)defence n. 防御；保卫，保证 in defence (of) 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one's defence 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)The female hormones help the body defend itself from/against some kinds of infections. (2)We shouldn't forget the soldiers who died in defence of our country. 一句多译 看到这条蛇，他冲过去保护他的侄女。 (3)Seeing the snake, he rushed to__defend his niece.(defend v．) (4)Seeing the snake, he rushed in__defence__of his niece.(defence n．) 【经典例句】 ①My principle is that when someone attacks me, I will defend myself. 我的原则是当有人攻击我时，我就要保护自己。 ②I have to say in her defence that she knew nothing about it beforehand. 我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。 考点23. “if only...”意为“要是……就好了” [教材原句](教材P8)Sometimes I think, if only I could call him and ask for his opinion! 有时我甚至想，要是能打电话征求他的意见就好了！ 【拓展】 (1)“if only...”意为“要是……就好了”，句中要用虚拟语气。 ①若表示与将来事实相反的情况，句中谓语则用would/could＋do； ②若表示与现在事实相反，句中谓语则用动词的过去式(be用were)； ③若表示与过去事实相反，句中谓语则用had done。 (2)“only if”意为“只有，只要……就”，only仅起强调作用。only if引导的状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)My niece said, “If only I had__come(come) to the party yesterday！” (2)If only the committee would/could__approve(approve) the regulations and put them into effect. 句式升级 (3)A student is allowed to leave the classroom only if a teacher has given permission. →Only__if__a__teacher__has__given__permission__is__a__student__allowed__to__leave__the__classroom.(倒装) 【经典例句】 If only I had the chance to become an educationalist! 要是我有机会成为一个教育家，那该多好！ 考点24. the first day/time引导时间状语从句 [教材原句](教材P9)The first day he walked into my class, he was dragging his schoolbag behind him and looking bored... 他第一天走进我的班级时，书包在身后拖着，一副百无聊赖的样子…… 【拓展】 (1)the first day用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一天……时”。 (2)引导时间状语从句的名词短语还有every time、each time、the last time、the moment、the minute、the second、the instant、the month、the year等，起从属连词的作用。 【练练不忘】 完成句子 (1)我每次见他，他都随身带着他的笔记本电脑。 Every/Each__time__I__meet__him,__he always carries his notebook computer. (2)铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。 The__moment/The__minute/The__second/The__instant__the__bell__rang,__out rushed the children. 【经典例句】 Next time you come, do remember to bring your nephew here. 下次来的时候，一定记着把你侄子带来。 考点25. “否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 [教材原句](教材P14) But he's also never felt more alone. 但他却也从未感到如此孤独。 【拓展】 最高级含义的其他表达： (1)比较级＋than＋ (2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as (3)the＋形容词/副词最高级 【练练不忘】 一句多译 汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。 (1)Tom is more intelligent than any__other student in his class. (2)Tom is more intelligent than any__of the other students in his class. (3)Tom is more intelligent than all the__other students in his class. (4)Tom is more intelligent than anyone else in his class. (5)No__one is as intelligent as Tom in his class. (6)No one is more intelligent than Tom in his class. (7)Tom is the__most intelligent student in his class. 【经典例句】 ①The whole family couldn't be happier to be together. 全家人都很高兴能在一起。 ②In his view, nothing is more enjoyable than reading books in the original in his spare time. 在他看来，在空闲时间阅读原著最有趣。 考点26. 序数词＋to do... [教材原句](教材P14) If you're one of my 500 friends online, you'll always be the first to know. 如果你是我的500个网友之一，你会一直是第一个知道的。 【拓展】 (1)英语中序数词、最高级或no、all、any等限定词后，常用不定式作后置定语。 (2)ability、chance、opportunity、attempt、anxiety、decision、curiosity、desire、plan、promise、offer、tendency、wish、way、need等名词后常跟不定式作后置定语。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空 (1)You haven't kept your promise to__write(write) us regularly. (2)I think sport is the best thing to__do(do) because it helps you to relax and keeps you in a great shape and a healthy body. 完成句子 (3)她很幸运因为她是这次事故唯一的幸存者。 She was lucky because she was the__only__one__to__survive__the__accident． (4)我认为亨利不是做这项工作的最佳人选。 I don't think Henry is the__best__man__to__do__the__job． 【经典例句】 His ability to get along well with others is his chief advantage. 他能和他人相处融洽是他的最大优势。 考点27. 否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 [教材原句](教材P15)...not once did she lift her head to enjoy the view outside her window. ……她一次也没有抬起头欣赏窗外的景色。 【拓展】 not once置于句首时要用部分倒装，即将系动词/情态动词/助动词等提到主语前面，其他否定意义的副词如neither、nor、never、hardly、seldom、not、little等位于句首时也需部分倒装。 【练练不忘】 单句语法填空/单句改错 (1)If you don't agree to our plan, neither will they. (2)Having not seen my nephew for ten years, hardly did I remember what he looks like.did→do 句式升级 (3)You can in no way miss the chance to be sent abroad for further education. →In__no__way__can__you__miss__the__chance to be sent abroad for further education.(倒装) 【经典例句】 ①Not once did I have access to attending the presentation of the famous educationalist. 我一次也没参加过那个著名教育学家的报告。 ②I don't know about his secrets.Nor/Neither do I care. 我不知道他的秘密，我也不关心。 一．语法精讲——过去完成时 观察句子 Last night, after I ①had finished supper, I went to the cinema with Xiao Ming. When we got to the cinema, the film ②hadn't begun, but most of the audience had taken their seats. After the film began, the audience quieted down immediately. It was the first time that I ③had seen the documentary, so I watched it especially attentively. This was the best film I had ever seen and I ④hadn't thought it would be so attractive. 我的领悟 1．加黑处①和加黑处②表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一动作以前已经完成了的动作，句中常有after、before、when等引导时间状语从句。 2．加黑处③用于固定句型It/This/That was the first/second/...time that...，意为“这/那是第一/二/……次……。” 3．加黑处④表示过去未曾实现的想法。 语法知识精讲 一、构成 过去完成时由“had＋动词的过去分词”构成。 二、基本用法 1．表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 ◆By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 ◆When they arrived, the enemy had abandoned the town and run away. 他们到达时，敌人已经放弃了那个镇子，逃走了。 2．表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。常与for、since等表示一段时间的状语连用。 ◆When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.　杰克到达时才得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。 3．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。后接动词不定式时，意为“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。表示希望或打算的动词有hope、want、expect、think、suppose、plan、mean、intend等。 ◆I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train. 我原本希望昨天晚上回来，但我没有赶上火车。 4．用于特殊句型中。 hardly/scarcely...when..., It/This/That was the first/second/...time (that) ..., no sooner...than... ◆No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.　他刚到就又走了。 ◆It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.　这是他那一年第三次失业了。 [对点练习1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)Hardly had he begun(begin) to speak when the audience interrupted him. (2)It was the third time that he had__donated(donate) money to the disaster area. (3)(2019·天津卷)I had__hoped(hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. (4)(2020·江苏卷)Instead of getting down to a new task as I had__expected(expect), he examined the previous work again. (5)He said he had__worked(work) in that factory since 1999. (6)(2020·浙江卷7月)By about 6000 BC, people had__discovered(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 三、过去完成时与其他时态的区别 1．过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 ◆I have lived in China for ten years so far. 到目前为止，我在中国已经生活10年了。 ◆I had lived in China for ten years before I came to Japan.　在去日本之前，我已经在中国生活10年了。 2．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 (1)时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 ◆They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 昨天他们10点钟到的车站。 (2)在没有明确的时间状语作为标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须根据上下文来判断。先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。 ◆I had finished my homework before my mother came back.　在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。 (3)先后发生的一系列动作，但并不强调先后时，最后两个动词用then、and、but等连接，用一般过去时。在before、after、as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。 ◆He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 他走进房间，打开灯，然后看晚报。 ◆I (had) called her before I left the office. 我离开办公室前给她打了电话。 (4)叙述历史事实或标志词为“in＋过去的年份”时，用一般过去时。 ◆Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 我们的老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。 [对点练习2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1)The scientist is doing experiments no one has__attempted(attempt) so far. (2)Six hundred trees had__been__planted(plant) before last Wednesday. (3)After he had__done/did(do) his homework, he went to bed. (4)He has__lived(live) here since five years ago. (5)All the tickets had__been__sold(sell) out when Mary got to the cinema. (6)I had__finished(finish) cooking dinner before you came back. (7)(2021·全国卷甲改编)The Xi'an City Wall was__built(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty. (8)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Actually, I started(start) to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, yet I have long been out of practice. 二．写作精讲——邀请信 文体感知 邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，要说明活动的内容、时间、地点及其精彩之处。在写作时，要注意邀请信的交际性，语气要热情有礼，态度要诚恳真挚。 1．根据邀请信的性质可将其分为普通邀请信和正式邀请信。普通邀请信对内容和格式的要求都不高，只要说明活动的内容、时间、地点等即可。正式邀请信的措辞要正式、语气要热情有礼，态度要诚恳； 2．邀请信的末尾要表达希望对方参加或出席的愿望； 3．时态：多用一般将来时。 4．具体写作结构为： 增分佳句 1．I am writing to invite you to.../I'm writing to tell you that there will be a(n)... 2．I am very pleased to invite you to participate in...to be held from...to...in... 3．I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in... 4．It is my pleasure to extend an invitation to you to...with me. 5．I wonder if you can come... 6．It is my pleasure/a great honor for me to invite you to... 7．Here are some details about this activity./The following are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as follows. 8．Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to...? 9．If you are interested in it, let me know and I'll send you more information. 10．My family and I would feel much honored if you could come. 11．I am sure you will have a good time at... 12．I sincerely hope to meet you there and please do let me know your decision soon. 满分作文特训 写作要求 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ) 假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友艾伦(Allen)参加，内容包括： 1．时间； 2．活动安排； 3．欢迎他表演节目。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 审题谋篇 第一步： 审题构思很关键 第二步： 补全句子雏形现 1．你一定听说了即将举办的音乐节。(must have done) You must__have__heard__of__the__upcoming Music Festival. 2．音乐节将在我们学校举行。(被动语态) This festival will__be__held__in__our__school. 3．你对音乐非常感兴趣。(take interest in) You take__much__interest__in music. 4．我写信邀请你和我一起参加音乐节。(invite sb.to do sth., participate in) I'm writing to invite__you__to__participate__in__the__festival__with__me． 5．根据安排，音乐节将于下周日的下午5点到8点在操场举行。(as scheduled) As__scheduled,__it will__take__place__on__the__playground from 5 p．m. to 8 p．m. next Sunday. 6．我们将坐在草地上，享受着赞助商提供的美味食品和饮料。(过去分词作后置定语) We'll sit on the grass and enjoy the tasty food and drinks provided__by__sponsors． 7．我们将完全沉浸在美妙的节目中。(be absorbed in) We'll be__fully__absorbed__in__the__fascinating__performances． 第三步： 句式升级造亮点 1．用过去分词短语连接第二步中的句1和句2 You__must__have__heard__of__the__upcoming__Music__Festival__to__be__held__in__our__school. 2．用since原因状语从句连接第二步中的句3和句4 Since__you__take__much__interest__in__music,__I'm__writing__to__invite__you__to__participate__in__the__festival__with__me. 3．用分词作状语连接第二步中的句6和句7 　Sitting__on__the__grass__and__enjoying__the__tasty__food__and__drinks__provided__by__sponsors,__we'll__be__fully__absorbed__in__the__fascinating__performances. 第四步： 过渡衔接连成篇 ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ One possible version： Dear Allen， You must have heard of the upcoming Music Festival to be held in our school. Since you take much interest in music, I'm writing to invite you to participate in the festival with me. As scheduled, it will take place on the playground from 5 p．m. to 8 p．m. next Sunday. Additionally, sitting on the grass and enjoying the tasty food and drinks provided by sponsors, we'll be fully absorbed in the fascinating performances. Furthermore, you are also expected to be seen on the stage then. I sincerely hope that you could come and share this joyful moment with me. Looking forward to your early reply. All the best. Yours， Li Hua occasionally　adv.偶尔；偶然 【搭配】on occasion 偶尔，有时 【联想】occasion n.　　时刻；时机；盛会；场合 grateful　adj.感激的，感谢的 【搭配】I would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将感激不尽。 lack　vi.& vt.缺乏；没有　 n．缺乏；短缺 【搭配】a lack of...　　缺少…… 【联想】lacking adj. 缺少的；缺乏的 presentation　n.报告；陈述，说明 【搭配】at present现在；目前 【联想】present v.授予；提交；展示 adj.目前的；出席的，在场的 n.礼物；目前，现在 access　n.进入；接触的机会；(接近的)方法 【搭配】have/get/obtain/gain access to... 　　　拥有……的机会；接近；可以利用 【联想】accessible adj.　可接近的；可达到的；易取得的 worthwhile　adj.值得的；值得做的；重要的；有益的 【联想】worthy adj. 值得的 【搭配】be worth doing... 做……是值得的 preference　n.喜爱，偏爱，偏好 【联想】prefer v.更喜欢；宁愿 【搭配】prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B upset　adj.烦恼的，心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　vt.使不安；使生气，使心烦意乱；打翻，碰倒；打扰 【搭配】be/get upset about/over/at...对……感到心烦意乱 be upset to do sth.对做某事感到不安 ashamed 　adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的 【搭配】be ashamed of　　对……感到羞愧 【联想】shame n.　　羞耻；羞愧；惭愧；令人遗憾的事 associate with　与某人交往 【搭配】be associated with和……有关 【联想】association n协会；社团；联合；结合；交往 reality　n.真实；事实，现实(的事物) 【搭配】in reality事实上，实际上 【联想】real adj.真实的 realize vt.实现；意识到；了解 desperate 　adj.绝望的；拼命的 【搭配】be desperate for　 极想要……；渴望…… 【联想】desperately adv. 绝望地；不顾一切地 depressed　adj.(感到)沮丧的，忧愁的 【搭配】be/get depressed at/about/by对……感到沮丧 【联想】depression n.抑郁；沮丧；萧条 delay　v.延迟；延期，推迟　n．延期；延误 【搭配】delay doing sth.　　延迟做某事 without delay 立即；毫不耽搁 complain　vi.& vt.抱怨；不满；发牢骚；投诉 【搭配】make a complaint of/about... 投诉/抱怨…… make a complaint to sb. 向某人抱怨/投诉 【联想】complaint n. 抱怨，怨言；不满，委屈 appointment　n.约定；约会；预约；任命，委派 【搭配】have/make/fix an appointment with sb. 　　　　与某人约会/预约 【联想】)appoint vt. 任命；委派 1. Wine and meat friends are easy to find, but hardships are rare. 酒肉朋友易找，患难之交难逢。 2. Honey is the sweetest. Friendship is sweeter than honey. 蜜糖算最甜，友谊的话比蜜糖还甜。 3. Make friends and be trustworthy.　与朋友交，言而有信。 4. It's better to choose friends than to make friends.　广交不如择友，投师不如访友。 5. Water trees and roots to make friends.　浇树浇根，交友交心。 6. Weighing can weigh light, words can energize the hearts and minds of the people. 称能称轻重，话能量人心。 7. Blame is a gift from a friend.　责备是朋友给的礼物。 8. Help others to forget, others help to remember.　 帮助别人要忘掉，别人帮助要记牢。 9. A friend is a road, an enemy is a wall.　一个朋友一条路，一个冤家一堵墙。 10. Pearls hang around the neck, friendship is embedded in the heart. 珍珠挂在颈上，友谊嵌在心上。 11. Benevolence makes friends, and friendship helps benevolence.　以仁会友，以友辅仁。 12. Losing friends is respectful and far away, while benefiting friends is respectful and dear. 　 损友敬而远，益友敬而亲。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$