Unit 5 Period 2 Words 词汇拓展延伸（同步课件）-【上好课】2024-2025学年八年级英语上册同步精品课堂（牛津上海版）

Words 词汇拓展延伸 Unit5 Encyclopaedias 1 encyclopaedia n. 百科全书 e. g. A dictionary explains words and an encyclopaedia explains facts. 词典解释词义，百科全书解释事实。 【友情提示】又作encyclopedia. /ɪɡ'zɪst/ exist v. live; be real The old lady exists only on rice coffee and bread. The Roman Empire existed for several centuries. 【常用搭配】 exist as作为……而存在，以……形态存在exist in存在于……中 exist on靠……生活；靠……生存【知识拓展】 existence n. 存在，实在 e. g. When did this world come into existence? 这世界是何时形成的？ /'i:vn/ even adv. a word that you use to say that something is surprising I have explained everything, but even now she doesn’t understand. I can’t even remember the name of that old friend of mine. 【友情提示】even意为“更，甚至”时，后可接形容词和副词的比较级。 e. g. This new software works even faster.这种新软件速度更快。 His house is even bigger than his mother's. 他的房子甚至比他妈妈的房子还大。 die out stop existing Many old customs are dying out. The English of today is very different from the English of 500 years ago. In time, some even die out completely. /'nəʊbədɪ/ nobody pron. no person; not anybody Nobody in our class speaks Greek. There was nobody at home. know about I know about Mr Calvin. I don’t know much about sports. have knowledge or information about something in your mind leave … behind I left my gloves behind after class. What have we left behind after going away? be in the place where something or somebody is or was as … as possible Come as early as possible. Our PE teacher always told us to run as fast as possible. I will write as many articles as possible. Betty eats as little fried food as possible. as … as someone can /meɪl/ mail n. letters and parcels that you send or receive; post I want this letter to catch the afternoon mail. Is there another mail in the afternoon? /'ri:əl/ real adj. not just in the mind; exactly existing; true That is a real dog, not a toy. The film is based on real life. /waɪl/ while conj. at the same time as I listen to the radio while I’m eating my breakfast. The telephone rang while I was having a shower. /kɔ:z/ cause v. be the reason why something happens Who caused the accident? The fire was caused by a cigarette. /hɑ:m/ harm n. hurt or damage I mean no harm to her. The drought did a lot of harm to the crops. 【知识拓展】harmful adj. 有害的e. g. The new drug has no harmful side-effects. 这种新药物没有副作用。 【反义】harmless adj. 无害的 e. g. Their dog seems fierce, but he's harmless. 他们家的那条狗看上去很凶，但不会伤人。 【友情提示】像harmful与harmless这样的形容词还有：useful-useless, helpful-helpless, careful-careless等。 /bɪ'li:v/ believe v. feel sure that something is true or right; feel sure that what somebody says is true Long ago, people believed that the Earth was flat. She says she didn’t take the money. Do you believe her? die of He died of hunger before liberation. Nowadays many people die of cancer. lose one’s life because of Most diseases could be wiped out. I caught the disease from you. /dɪ'zi:z/ disease n. illness fierce adj. 凶猛的 e. g. The tiger is a fierce animal. 老虎是一种很凶残的动物。 The famous boxer killed a fierce wolf with his bare hands. 那位著名的拳击师赤手空拳打死了一只凶猛的狼。 【知识拓展】fiercely adv. 猛烈地，厉害地e. g. Typhoons blew fiercely.台风猛烈地刮着。 real adj. 实际存在的，真实的e. g. That is a real cat, not a toy. 那是一只真猫，不是玩具猫。 That old woman's a real dragon! 那老妇人确实是个凶恶的家伙！ 【指点迷津】(1) real暗指某事物是真实的或货真价实的，或指看上去或宣称与事实吻合的东西。 e. g. Don’t lose the bracelet；it's made of real gold. 别把手镯丢了，那是真金做的。(2) true暗指与事实、现实或事物的真实状态相一致。 e. g. He’s your father. It's true. 他是你父亲。这是真的。 Using 1．I will never forget my friends because they have given me so many happy          (memory) 2．The          (visit) got a big surprise when they knew the pandas had no food to eat. 3．Some people kill wolves because they think wolves are dangerous to          (human). 4．We need some          (candle) for the birthday cake. 5．We are good friends, not          (enemy). 6．How many          can you see? (child) 7．         (tour) like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north. 8．Simon is one of my good          (friend). 9．There are a lot of old          (build) in my city. 10．There are some beautiful          (paint) in the museum. 11．Jim and Tom come from different          (country), but they are good friends. 12．The king saw a few          (grain) of rice in the bag. 13．The bright blue bag over there is one of the          (swim). 14．How many          (hour) do you sleep every night? 15．We can go to the Buddy Club to have many            (discuss) with each other. 16．How many          (sheep) on his farm? 17．Last year we visited a few          (island) near here. 18．Of all the          (win), the boy was the youngest. 19．He was one of the          who          the company’s transformation into a global brand. (lead) 20．Ben is good at science, so he wants to be a          . (science) 20 Keys 1．memories【详解】句意：我将永远不会忘记我的朋友，因为他们给了我如此多快乐的回忆。结合空前“happy”形容词可知，该空应填名词。结合空前修饰词“so many”可知，名词应为复数形式，所以“memory”变为“memories”。故填memories。 2．visitors【详解】句意：当游客们知道熊猫没有食物吃时，他们感到非常惊讶。此空缺少主语，应填名词，visit对应的名词是visitor“游客”，根据“they”可知，此空应填复数形式，故填visitors。 3．humans【详解】句意：有些人杀狼是因为他们认为狼对人类有危险。此处用复数形式，表泛指。故填humans。 4．candles【详解】句意：我们做生日蛋糕需要一些蜡烛。some后加可数名词复数candles“蜡烛”。故填candles。 5．enemies【详解】句意：我们是好朋友，不是敌人。根据“We are good friends, not...”可知，此处是指我们是好朋友，不是敌人，应用名词enemy“敌人”的复数形式enemies作表语。故填enemies。 6．children【详解】句意：你能看见多少孩子？how many后跟可数名词复数，child的复数形式是children。故填children。 7．Tourists【详解】句意：游客喜欢北部的低山和美丽的湖泊。根据“ like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north.”可知此处指“游客”，表达为tourist，名词作主语，填复数形式表泛指。故填Tourists。 8．friends 【详解】句意：西蒙是我的好朋友之一。根据空前的“one of”可知，此处用复数形式。故填friends。 9．buildings 【详解】句意：在我的城市里有很多老建筑。根据are以及a lot of可判断，此空应填名词的复数形式，build对应的名词是building，故填buildings。 10．paintings 【详解】句意：博物馆里有一些漂亮的画。根据设空前的“There are some beautiful”可知，此处要填一个复数名词，作主语。所以此空应填paint的名词形式painting“绘画；油画”的复数形式paintings。故填paintings。 11．countries 【详解】句意：吉姆和汤姆来自不同的国家，但他们是好朋友。country“国家”，可数名词；different后跟可数名词复数。故填countries。 12．grains 【详解】句意：国王看到袋子里有几粒米。grain“谷粒”，可数名词，a few修饰名词复数，故填grains。 13．swimmers’ 【详解】句意：那边的亮蓝色包是其中一个游泳者的。句子中“one of”表示“……中的一个”，后面跟名词复数形式swimmers，意为“游泳者”；此处是指游泳者的，需用名词所有格形式。故填swimmers’。 14．hours 【详解】句意：你每晚睡几个小时？根据“How many”和提示词汇可知，how many后接可数名词的复数形式，空处需填名词hour的复数形式hours。故填hours。 15．discussions 【详解】句意：我们可以去伙伴俱乐部，彼此之间进行多次讨论。分析句子可知，“many”修饰可数名词复数形式，“discuss”的名词形式为“discussion”，其复数为“discussions”。故填discussions。 16．sheep 【详解】句意：他的农场里有多少只羊？“How many”修饰可数名词复数，sheep是单复数同形，故填sheep。 17．islands 【详解】句意：去年我们参观了附近的几个岛屿。根据“a few”和提示词汇可知，a few修饰可数名词复数形式，islands为名词island的复数形式。故填islands。 18．winners 【详解】句意：在所有的获胜者中，这个男孩是最年轻的。空格处词位于定冠词the之后，需为名词；因前有all修饰，需用名词复数形式。win“赢”为动词，其名词形式为winner，复数形式为winners。故填winners。 19． leaders led 【详解】句意：他是带领公司转型为全球品牌的领导者之一。lead“带领”，从低。one of后跟名词复数形式，结合“who”可知，第一空处指人，lead的名词是leader“领导者”，复数是leaders；第二空缺少谓语动词，由was可知，时态是一般过去时，所以谓语动词用过去式led。故填leaders；led。 20．scientist 【详解】句意：Ben擅长科学，所以他想成为一名科学家。根据“so he wants to be a…”可知此处应用“science”对应的职业名词scientist“科学家”，前面有冠词“a”修饰，名词用单数即可。故填scientist。 21 Using 21．Mozart is a famous          (music). 22．Can you find many          (different) between the two pictures? 23．All the           (win) went up to the front of the meeting room and got their prizes. 24．Zhongshan Bridge is one of the most famous          (bridge) over the Yellow River. 25．         (sudden), a fire broke out and the people rushed out of the building quickly. 26．—Will you please help me to carry this box? —With          (please). I’m more than happy to do it. 27．Don’t fight with each other, Lucy and Peter! You are not          (enemy). 28．It’s dangerous to walk on the ice in the river because it’s too thin to hold your          (weigh). 29．On his way home, Tommy bought some          (biscuit) in the nearby shop. 30．Their          (wife) work in the same hospital. 31．The teenagers gave their          (seat) to the old man and woman. 32．Every year many          (visit) come to Heze to see the peonies (牡丹). 33．I can’t see          (something) in that old house. 34．Look! The          (farm) are working hard. 35．Tell me the two       (different) between them. 36．Mr. Li is one of the most popular          (teacher) in our class. 37．There have been a lot of          (argue) about who was responsible for the accident. 38．As we were about to enjoy the picnic, it          (sudden) began to rain. 39．This young          (music) is sure to have a bright future. 40．The girl has a few          (question) to ask the teacher. 22 Keys 21．musician【详解】句意：莫扎特是一位著名的音乐家。根据“Mozart is a famous...”及常识可知，他是一位音乐家，空处指“音乐家”，其英文为musician，冠词a后跟名词单数。故填musician。 22．differences【详解】句意：你能找到这两幅画的许多不同之处吗？many后需接可数名词复数形式，differences意为“不同”，故填differences。 23．winners【详解】句意：所有的获胜者都走到会议室前面领取奖品。根据“got their prizes”可知，此处是指所有的获胜者，应用动词win的名词复数形式winners“获胜者”。故填winners。 24．bridges【详解】句意：中山桥是黄河上最著名的桥梁之一。根据“one of the most famous…”可知，此处考查one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数“最……之一”，固定搭配，因此这里应用名词bridge的复数形式bridges。故填bridges。 25．Suddenly【详解】句意：突然，一场火灾发生了，人们迅速地跑出了大楼。根据空格的位置在句首可知，空处需填副词suddenly“突然”，对整个句子起修饰说明的作用，放句首时，首字母要大写。故填Suddenly。 26．pleasure【详解】句意：——请你帮我搬一下这个箱子好吗？——我很愿意。我非常乐意做这件事。根据“Will you please help me to carry this box?”可知，请对方做某事，结合答语“I’m more than happy to do it.”可知，同意对方请求，with pleasure“我很愿意”符合，其为固定短语。故填pleasure。 27．enemies【详解】句意：不要互相打架，露西和彼得！你们不是敌人。enemy“敌人”，根据“You are”可知，空处应填复数形式enemies。故填enemies。 28．weight 【详解】句意：在河里的冰上行走很危险，因为冰上太薄，承受不了你的重量。形容词性物主代词your后接名词，weight“重量”，不可数名词，故填weight。 29．biscuits【详解】句意：在回家的路上，Tommy在附近的商店买了一些饼干。biscuit“饼干”，some后跟可数名词的复数形式。故填biscuits。 30．wives【详解】句意：他们的妻子在同一家医院工作。根据their可知，此空应填可数名词复数形式，故填wives。 31．seats【详解】句意：青少年们把座位让给老人和妇女。their修饰可数名词复数，故填seats。 32．visitors 【详解】句意：每年都有很多游客来菏泽看牡丹。空处作主语，用visit的名词形式visitor“游客”，many修饰用复数形式。故填visitors。 33．anything 【详解】句意 ：我在那栋老房子里什么也看不见。根据can’t可知，此句是否定句。否定句中，something要变成anything，故填anything。 34．farmers 【详解】句意：看！农民们正在努力工作。farm“农场”，根据“are working hard.”可知，设空处指的是“农民”，且填复数形式，farmers“农民”符合题意。故填farmers。 35．differences 【详解】句意：告诉我它们之间的两个区别。根据“Tell me the two…between them.”可知，此处指“它们之间的两个区别”，空前有“the two”，空处应用名词；different“不同的”，形容词，其名词为difference；空前为two“两个”，空处应用复数名词differences。故填differences。 36．teachers 【详解】句意：李先生是我们班最受欢迎的老师之一。根据“one of the most popular”以及提示词可知，此处应用one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式，teacher“老师”，可数名词，复数形式为teachers。故填teachers。 37．arguments 【详解】句意：谁应该为这个事故负责有很多争论。根据“There have been a lot of...”可知，此处应填名词，argue“争论”，动词，其名词形式为argument，根据空前“a lot of”可知，此处用复数形式。故填arguments。 38．suddenly 【详解】句意：正当我们准备享受野餐时，天突然下起了雨。根据句子结构可知，空格处需填入副词修饰动词began，表示动作的突然性。sudden“突然的”，形容词，其副词形式为suddenly。故填suddenly。 39．musician 【详解】句意：这位年轻的音乐家一定有光明的前途。根据“This young...”及所给词可知，空处指“音乐家”，用musician表示，This后跟名词单数。故填musician。 40．questions 【详解】句意：这个女孩有几个问题要问老师。根据“a few”和提示词汇可知，a few表示“一些，几个”，修饰可数名词复数，空处需填名词复数，questions为名词question的复数形式。故填questions。 23 Using We saw all kinds of dogs running around when we     41     the park. There were different kinds of games at the dog show. One of the games was a talent show. They tried to find the most     42     dog by watching how the dogs looked and acted. Finally they decided the     43     was a dog named Shasta. In another game, they had to run as fast as they could. A black dog ran really fast, but he didn’t follow the orders, so he got     44    . A white dog won the game. He followed the orders and finished quickly. I thought we had a     45     time. win    reached    wonderful    talented    nothing 24 Keys 41．reached 42．talented 43．winner 44．nothing 45．wonderful 【导语】本文主要介绍了公园里的狗狗们进行的一些比赛。 41．句意：当我们到达公园时，我们看到各种各样的狗到处乱跑。根据“We saw all kinds of dogs running around when we…the park.”及备选词可知，此处表示到达公园，时态为一般过去时，动词过去式reached“到达”符合语境。故填reached。 42．句意：他们试图通过观察狗的外观和行为来找到最有才华的狗。根据“They tried to find the most…dog by watching how the dogs looked and acted.”及备选词可知，此处修饰名词dog，应用形容词talented，表示“有才华的”。故填talented。 43．句意：最后，他们决定获胜者是一只名叫沙斯塔的狗。根据“Finally they decided the…was a dog named Shasta.”及备选词可知，一只名叫沙斯塔的狗为比赛的获胜者，应用win的名词winner表示“获胜者”。故填winner。 44．句意：黑狗跑得很快，但它不听命令，所以什么也没得到。根据“A black dog ran really fast, but he didn’t follow the orders, so he got….”及备选词可知，黑狗不听命令，因此没有或获得胜利，代词nothing“没有什么”符合语境。故填nothing。 45．句意：我认为我们度过了一段美好的时光。根据“I thought we had a…time.”及备选词可知，此处是指一段美好的时光，应用形容词wonderful“美好的”修饰名词time。故填wonderful。 25 Using real   player   I   enjoyable   learn Table tennis is very popular in China. People all over China     46     enjoy table tennis. To some people, nothing is     47     than playing table tennis. So it’s a very popular sport in our school. Table tennis is also     48     favorite sport. I’m a member of the school team. Every Saturday, I have to play against other     49     in the team. I think I can have a good chance of     50     from others. 26 Keys 46．really 47．more enjoyable 48．my 49．players 50．learning 【导语】本文介绍了乒乓球在中国的普及程度及其在学校中的受欢迎程度。 46．句意：全中国的人们都真地非常喜欢乒乓球。根据“Table tennis is very popular in China.”和备选词可知，此处指中国人“真地”喜欢乒乓球，real“真的”，符合语境，此处修饰动词enjoy，需要使用副词形式。故填really。 47．句意：对一些人来说，没有什么比打乒乓球更开心的了。根据“People all over China…enjoy table tennis”和备选词可知，此处指没有什么比打乒乓球“更开心的”了，enjoyable“让人开心的，享受的”，符合语境，根据“than playing table tennis”可知，此处需要使用比较级。故填more enjoyable。 48．句意：乒乓球也是我最喜欢的运动。根据“favorite sport”和备选词可知，空处指我最喜欢的运动，one’s favorite“某人最喜欢的”，I“我”，符合语境，此处表示“我的”，需要使用物主代词。故填my。 49．句意：每个星期六，我都要和队里的其他成员比赛。根据“in the team”和备选词可知，空处指队里的“队员”，player“队员”，符合语境，根据“other”可知，此处需要使用复数形式。故填players。 50．句意：我认为我可以有很好的机会向他人学习。根据“from others”和备选词可知，空处指向其他人“学习”，learn“学习”，符合语境，空前有介词of，需要加动名词作宾语。故填learning。 27 see you again $$