Unit5 七选五精练（知识&题型大冲关）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019必修第一册）

Unit 5 七选五练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 5 Passage 1 5 Passage 2 6 Passage 3 7 Passage 4 8 拔高篇 9 Passage 1 9 Passage 2 10 Passage 3 11 Passage 4 12 Passage 5 13 Passage 6 14 Passage 7 15 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ “Man is by nature a social animal,” the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote more than 2,000 years ago. From the time you enter this world, you start communicating. Your first cry is your first attempt at verbal (口头的) communication. And as you start growing, you find newer ways of communication. You learn to form words and sentences to communicate. 1 Verbal communication means effectively presenting your thoughts verbally. 2 Be it a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders (股东), the importance of verbal communication is unparalleled. People always remember a person who speaks clearly, effectively, and confidently. For instance, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s speech at the iPhone launching ceremony is a classic example of brilliant verbal communication that people remember even today. 3 Interpersonal communication often happens between two individuals. Reactions and responses from the other person will help you understand if you’re getting your thoughts across clearly. Public communication is also known as “public speaking”. Speeches, election campaigns and presentations are a few examples of this type. Verbal communication is a broad topic. There are various elements that help us organize our thoughts around it. They include the tone, speed, and volume of your speech. 4 Each of these elements matters in any kind of verbal communication. A variety of challenges may arise in verbal communication. Although difficulties with verbal communication can’t be entirely avoided, it is possible to increase your chances of communicating successfully. Consider the message you wish to communicate before speaking and communicate with respect for the recipient’s point of view. 5 Pronounce your words clearly and be conscious of nonverbal aspects such as eye contact, posture and facial expressions. A．Pay attention to what you say and how you say it. B．Its relevant skills are essential in the world of business. C．Verbal communication can be classified into two main types. D．This is the beginning of the real sense of verbal communication. E．Language barriers are a major cause of confusion in verbal communication. F．Everyone has a unique style of communicating and understanding messages. G．Additionally, grammar and vocabulary are critical aspects of verbal communication. 词汇积累 by nature意思是“天生地；本性上；就其本质而言”。例如：“She is kind by nature.”（她生性善良。） attempt at表示“企图；尝试；努力”。例如：“His attempt at humor fell flat.”（他试图幽默，但效果不佳。） unparalleled形容词，“无比的；无双的；空前的”。例如：“The athlete's performance was unparalleled.”（这位运动员的表现是空前的。） get across有“使......被理解；讲清楚；越过”等意思。例如：“I'm having trouble getting my point across.”（我难以把我的观点讲清楚。） be known as“被称为；被认为是；以......知名”。例如：“He is known as a great writer.”（他以伟大的作家而闻名。） a variety of “各种各样的；多种的”。例如：“There are a variety of books in the library.”（图书馆里有各种各样的书。） arise in“在......中出现；产生于”。例如：“Problems often arise in new projects.”（新的项目中常常会出现问题。） be conscious of“意识到；注意到；觉察到”。例如：“You should be conscious of your mistakes.”（你应该意识到自己的错误。） pay attention to “注意；重视”。例如：“Pay attention to your spelling.”（注意你的拼写。） be essential in“在......中是必不可少的；在......中非常重要”。例如：“Teamwork is essential in this project.”（在这个项目中团队合作是必不可少的。） be classified into“被分类为；被归入”。例如：“These books can be classified into different categories.”（这些书可以被分类为不同的类别。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】Be it a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders (股东), the importance of verbal communication is unparalleled. 译文 无论是每周的会议还是向股东做的展示，口头交流的重要性都是无可比拟的。 分析 这是一个倒装句，“Be it a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders”，正常语序为“Whether it be a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders”，“it be”是虚拟语气的形式，表示“不管是......还是......”。在这个句子中，“a weekly meeting”和“a presentation to stakeholders”是并列的成分。整句话中，“the importance of verbal communication is unparalleled”是主句。 【2】For instance, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s speech at the iPhone launching ceremony is a classic example of brilliant verbal communication that people remember even today. 译文 例如，苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯在 iPhone 发布会上的演讲就是出色的口头交流的经典范例，人们至今仍记得。 分析 “For instance”是插入语，表示“例如”。“Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s speech at the iPhone launching ceremony”是整个句子的主语，其中“Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s”是“speech”的定语，“at the iPhone launching ceremony”是地点状语。“that people remember even today”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“verbal communication”。 翻译练习 1. 他画肖像的尝试相当令人印象深刻，展现出了他隐藏的天赋。(attempt at) 2. 泰姬陵的美丽无与伦比；它是永恒爱情的象征。(unparalleled) 3. 我正在努力向我的父母阐明我的观点。(get across) 4. 图书馆提供各种各样的书籍，满足不同的兴趣需求。(a variety of) 5. 我们应该意识到我们的行为对环境的影响。 (be conscious of) 答案解析 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．G 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了口头交际的概念、分类及应对口头交际中存在的挑战的方法。 1．根据上文““Man is by nature a social animal,” the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote more than 2,000years ago. From the time you enter this world, you start communicating. Your first cry is your first attempt at verbal (口头的) communication. And as you start growing, you find newer ways of communication. You learn to form words and sentences to communicate.(2000多年前，希腊著名哲学家亚里士多德写道：“人是天生的社会性动物。”从你进入这个世界的那一刻起，你就开始交流了。你的第一次哭泣是你第一次尝试用语言交流。当你开始成长时，你会发现新的交流方式。你学会组织单词和句子来交流)”可知，此空设于段尾，起到承接上文作用，该项中的This 指代上一句内容，该项说明了“人们学习组词造句来交流，这是真正意义上的口头交际的开始”。故D选项“这是真正意义上的语言交流的开始”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Verbal communication means effectively presenting your thoughts verbally.(口头交流是指用语言有效地表达你的想法)”以及下文“Be it a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders (股东), the importance of verbal communication is unparalleled. People always remember a person who speaks clearly, effectively, and confidently. For instance, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s speech at the iPhone launching ceremony is a classic example of brilliant verbal communication that people remember even today.(无论是每周一次的会议还是对利益相关者的演讲，口头沟通的重要性都是无与伦比的。人们总是记得说话清晰、有效、自信的人。例如，苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯在iPhone发布仪式上的演讲就是一个经典的口头交流的例子，即使在今天人们也记得)”可知，此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，该项中的Its relevant skills指代“口头交际相关的技能”，且与下文存在解释关系，无论是每周一次的会议还是面向参与方的演讲都反映了“口头交际技能在商业领域是必不可少的”。故B选项“它的相关技能在商业世界中是必不可少的”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据后文“Interpersonal communication often happens between two individuals. Reactions and responses from the other person will help you understand if you’re getting your thoughts across clearly. Public communication is also known as “public speaking”. Speeches, election campaigns and presentations are a few examples of this type.(人际交往经常发生在两个人之间。对方的反应和回应会帮助你理解你是否清楚地表达了自己的想法。公共沟通也被称为“公共演讲”。演讲、竞选活动和演讲就是这种类型的几个例子)”可知，此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。该段介绍了“人际沟通”和“公众沟通”两种类型的口头交际。故C选项“语言交际可以分为两种主要类型”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“Verbal communication is a broad topic. There are various elements that help us organize our thoughts around it. They include the tone, speed, and volume of your speech.(口头交流是一个广泛的话题。有各种各样的因素可以帮助我们围绕它组织我们的思想。它们包括你讲话的语气、语速和音量)”可知，此空设于段中，与上文存在递进关系，上文说明了影响口头交际的因素，包括语气、语速和音量。该项介绍了另外两个因素，即语法和词汇。故G选项“此外，语法和词汇是语言交际的关键方面”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文“A variety of challenges may arise in verbal communication. Although difficulties with verbal communication can’t be entirely avoided, it is possible to increase your chances of communicating successfully. Consider the message you wish to communicate before speaking and communicate with respect for the recipient’s point of view. (语言交际中可能会出现各种各样的挑战。虽然语言交流的困难不能完全避免，但增加成功沟通的机会是可能的。说话前要考虑你想要传达的信息，并尊重对方的观点)”以及后文“Pronounce your words clearly and be conscious of nonverbal aspects such as eye contact, posture and facial expressions.(发音清晰，注意眼神交流、姿势和面部表情等非语言方面)”可知，此空设于段中，与上下文存在并列关系，该句说明了增加沟通成功率的一种方法，即注意所说的内容及说话的方式。故A选项“注意你说的话和说话的方式”符合语境，故选A。 基础篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐ Learning how to understand body language is essential if you’re serious about being a good communicator. When you know how to read body language, you can gain deeper insight into what others are really saying. You can also consciously improve your nonverbal communication. 1 . Develop your emotional awareness Being able to read body language signs allows you to better interpret the emotions and moods of other people. This enables you to understand what they really think or feel about something. 2 . Bond better with your peers Not everyone is comfortable sharing their true feelings or thoughts. They might be going through family difficulties at home. 3 . By interpreting people’s body language, you can better understand their views. Or you can be friendly and supportive when they need support but don’t feel that they can ask for it. 4 When you know how to read body language, you can know how to use it to build trust. You can consciously use nonverbal cues (非语言暗示) that indicate you’re being open and honest. You can also avoid the cues that imply you’re distracted, dishonest, or hiding something Get your point across in the right way Another benefit of understanding body language is that you can use it to better get your point across. You can consciously incorporate gestures and other nonverbal cues that emphasize your point rather than contradict it. 5 . Consciously using different types of nonverbal communication can help you appear confident, even if you don’t feel it. You can also emphasize your message and inspire trust, as mentioned. Altogether, this helps you make a good first impression and builds your influence on others. A．Build trust more easily B．Understand others more easily C．They might feel that no one would listen to them D．Besides, it can help you make a good impression E．You can then respond to them in the appropriate way F．It keeps you from picking up what others really mean G．Let’s explore the benefits of understanding body language Passage 2 How to learn a language on your own? 难度⭐⭐ Are you thinking of learning a language on your own but don’t know where to start? Are you wondering how to keep on learning when meeting difficulties? 1 To start with, be independent. You’re going to learn this language, so it is your responsibility. It doesn’t matter whether you’re at a school or entirely on your own. If you’re interested in a certain tense, you can look it up after the classroom. 2 It just means that you are determined. Next, cover the same material in different books. You’re coming across the same material again and again through lots of repetition. 3 You’re not worried about answering questions or writing exams. Don’t try to master or remember anything. Just keep letting the language wash over you. 4 Find materials that are interesting, real, but not too difficult when you start learning the language. Materials of a conversational nature or podcasts are easier than formal materials. But as you become more skilled in the language, you need to move from easy materials to real ones. This may sound challenging, but it helps a lot in improving you understanding of the language. Learning a language is a challenging activity. You may doubt yourself during this process. Sometimes it helps to take a break from it. 5 These goals tell you that you are moving because you make no mistake as long as you continue to spend time with the language. Keep it up and one day, you will find certain things come together for you. A．Furthermore, seek out materials that arouse your interest. B．It also helps to set specific goals like the number of words. C．Slowly your brain gets used to the material and the language. D．In addition, use different materials at different stages of learning. E．Here are some tips that help you become a successful language learner. F．If you’re confused about the formation of a certain word, search it by yourself. G．Therefore, being an independent learner doesn’t mean that you are not in a class. Passage 3 难度⭐⭐ The first way we learn to communicate is through body language — our facial expressions, our gestures and, when we’re older, our postures. Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts (施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves. 1 . Change how you feel To de-stress: Forcing a smile can make running easier and tough tasks less stressful. One 2012 experiment found that a grin makes holding your hand in ice water more bearable. To feel more confident: 2 . Striking this so-called power pose shortly before an interview or athletic contest can be particularly powerful for women, who tend to sit and stand in a way that takes up less space. To persevere: 3 . In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides. Change how others feel 4 : Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener. To foster connections: Mirroring the facial expressions and gestures of the person you’re talking to can help them feel more comfortable. One 2011 experiment found this is an effective sales skill. To engage or disengage: If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them. 5 . A．To come across as sincere B．But if you want to spread tension, angle your body slightly away — facing full-on is confrontational (对抗性的) when things get heated C．Here’s how to use body language to everyone’s benefit D．Making your index finger (食指) and middle finger crossed can help you gather strength E．To inform people F．Standing like Wonder Woman — legs apart, hands on hips, chest up — may make you feel more powerful G．Crossing your arms across your chest can help you persist in solving a problem Passage 4 难度⭐⭐ Before children can learn to read, they need to have a good understanding of basic words and what they mean. 1 , there are very easy ways that you can build a preschooler’s vocabulary. Visiting the library If you are looking for a great place to start building your preschooler’s vocabulary and early reading skills, look no further than your local library. Research shows a strong correlation between library use and literacy-building skills in young children. 2 , ask your librarian for help. Using descriptive words When it comes to increasıng your child’s vocabulary, more is better. The more words that your child hears, the more he or she will learn. For example, when describing a fabric pattern, try using words such as unusual, relaxing, or creative. These words may be beyond a kid’s understanding right now. 3 . Making labels If you want your preschoolers to learn more words, then make it easy. 4 . Using a label maker to name commonly used items so they can learn to recognize what the word looks like. For example, if her toys are separated into different boxes of like items, label them, such as blocks, dolls, cars, books, etc. 5 Besides being a wonderful way to spend quality time with your preschooler, reading aloud is a great way to expose your preschooler to new words. Choose books that are of interest to your preschooler but that use words that are slightly above their understanding. Together you can work through what they mean, by using context—the other words on the page and any pictures that might be on the page as well. A．Reading aloud together B．Spending time together C．While that may sound a bit difficult D．In addition to saying them often, show them too E．If you aren’t sure what to do when you get there F．But by using them in the proper context, you’ll make them understandable G．The more parents help children overcome challenges, the better they’ll be for kindergarten 拔高篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ When I attended high school, I studied Spanish for four years — mainly because it was a requirement. When I landed a job working in restaurant management at a location with a nearly 100% Hispanic staff, I immediately regretted my lack of commitment when I was younger. Through some online help and a lot of assistance from my workers, however, I eventually became fluent in Spanish. 1 , there are several great reasons to do so. Improve Intelligence Research conducted at York University in Toronto, Canada found that people who studied a second language scored higher on standardized testing compared to those who did not. 2 . Travel More Conveniently Have you ever wished you could travel the world, but didn’t, because you were frightened by communication issues? 3 . Even if you only have a basic understanding of German, for example, a trip to Bonn or Berlin suddenly becomes that much more convenient and easy to negotiate. Increase Job Opportunities 4 . That means that companies in the US are in need of more workers who can speak second languages. If you’ve been feeling stuck in your current job or career, learning another language might be your ticket out of that situation. According to the website YouGov, only 25% of Americans speak a second language, and that means you can get a real leg up on the competition if you’re in that group. Strengthen Memory A huge part of learning a second language is memorization. 5 . Energizing the memory muscle of your brain allows you to better remember other items and events, potentially making you a stronger worker and enriching your life in general. A．If you speak their foreign tongue B．Learning a second language can put that fear to rest C．The economy is more globalized than ever before D．After all, you’re tackling a subject foreign to your mind E．Those tools can help you bone up on your English as well F．Whether or not your job requires you to learn a second language G．Learning a second language can also help you see things in a new light Passage 2 难度⭐⭐⭐ Social media, when approached the right way, can be just as valuable for practicing a new language as TV shows, books or any other form of media. 1 . Be a focused follower The best way to get started in your language learning via social media adventure is by following a number of accounts in your target language. But it would be helpful to have a clear goal in mind first. 2 . Whether you’re interested in sports, travel or any other topics, there’s an account for that. 3 Once you’ve chosen some accounts to follow, you should not stop there. 4 . This means reading posts, watching videos. You may set a target for yourself, like reading five posts every day. It’s important to make this a habit if you really want to use social media for language learning effectively. Be a positive contributor When you’ve followed the accounts you want to follow and have made a habit of engaging with them, you can consider taking your use of social media for language learning to the next level. For example, you can set up your own account. 5 . A．Be an active user B．Be a patient helper C．Then you can try to post in the target language D．Instead, you have to make daily use of the accounts E．Here are some accounts we’ve put together for you to follow F．In this article, you’ll find a few tips on how to use social media for language study G．For example, if you want to learn food vocabulary, you may follow a cooking account Passage 3 The Importance of Learning a Second Language 难度⭐⭐⭐ In today’s globalized world, learning a second language has become an essential skill. It offers numerous benefits that can enhance both personal and professional aspects of life. 1 Through the process of learning a new language, one can gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and traditions. This can lead to greater empathy and appreciation for diversity. Additionally, bilingual (双语的) individuals often have better cognitive abilities. 2 Studies have shown that they are better at multitasking, problem-solving, and decision-making compared to monolinguals (单语的). This is because the brain is constantly engaged in managing two languages, which strengthens its overall function. 3 In many professional fields, being proficient in more than one language can open up job opportunities that would otherwise be unavailable. Many companies prefer to hire candidates who can communicate with international clients or partners. Moreover, learning a second language can significantly enhance travel experiences. 4 Communicating in the local language can lead to more meaningful interactions and a deeper connection with the place and its people. Finally, the process of learning a new language itself can be incredibly (不可置信地) rewarding. 5 This sense of achievement can boost confidence and motivate individuals to tackle other challenges in life. Overall, the advantages of learning a second language are clear. It not only broadens one’s horizons but also equips them with skills that are valuable in an increasingly interconnected world. A．It allows travelers to guide new environments with ease and enjoy genuine cultural experiences. B．The effort and devotion required to master a new language can get a strong sense of accomplishment. C．Bilingualism can delay the onset of dementia (痴呆症) and other age-related cognitive declines. D．One of the most significant advantages is the ability to connect with people from different backgrounds. E．Fluency in multiple languages is often associated with higher salaries and better career prospects. F．They tend to have improved memory, attention span, and analytical skills. G．Another major benefit is the improvement in job prospects and career advancement. Passage 4 难度⭐⭐⭐ If your resolution is to learn a new language, you may be wondering: What’s the best way to go about this? 1 There are many different ways to approach it. If you want to start learning a language fast, though, there is plenty of advice we can offer. Is grammar important? Yes, grammar is important. But after all, when you’re learning your first language as a baby, your parents don’t have to teach you the clear rules of the language. 2 Should I focus on speaking or writing? 3 If you want to travel and communicate with native speakers, then writing might be slightly less helpful. But if you’re learning Latin because you want to read texts in the original language, then you can probably skip the speaking part entirely. Should I watch shows and listen to music in the language I’m learning? Absolutely yes. Being exposed to a language will always help you with your learning. 4 Watching movies to learn a language may have helped somewhat. But it’s important not to trap yourself with a complex language. How Can I make language learning more fun? One of the best ways to make learning more fun is to work it in to your other hobbies. 5 You can’t learn to play the guitar and go jogging at the same time, for example. However, language is always around you and you can practice it while doing something else. While jogging, you could listen to a podcast in another language. While playing the guitar, you could pick songs that are in your target language. Anyway, connecting your interests really matters. A．You just pick it up by nature. B．A new language isn’t like most other hobbies. C．Yet the real question is what you should watch or listen to. D．Unfortunately, there’s no “best way” to learn a new language. E．So it’s more important to get comfortable with speaking the language. F．The answer to this question really depends on what you hope to achieve. G．An important thing to remember is switching up how you’re exposed to the language. Passage 5 难度⭐⭐⭐ Want to find out how you can learn a new language as fast as possible? If you commit to your new language, work hard, and have an open mind about making mistakes, you can go from basic conversational skills to fluency without the need for expensive classes and years of dedicated study. 1 Watch shows or movies. 2 Possibly the easiest thing you can do is watch television shows or movies in the language you are trying to learn. To make things easier, try to watch shows or movies whose plots you are already familiar with — like kids’ cartoons or dubbed versions of English movie. Knowing the plots will help you to identify the meanings of words and phrases. 3 Study smarter, not harder. Mastering everyday conversation will let you hit the ground running. It’s more important to master basic phrases you’ll use frequently than it is to start off by learning the alphabet or the perfect sentence structure. For example, you can learn phrases like: Hello, Goodbye, How are you?, I’m doing well, What is your name?, My name is…, and so on. Don’t worry about perfect grammar. 4 The reason why most people can’t remember most of the language they spent years learning in school is that school curricula tend to focus a huge amount of time on learning grammar and very little time on speech. 5 The specifics of grammar will come later. A．Learn how to greet. B．Learn basic phrases. C．We’ll let you in on the easiest language-learning secrets. D．Focus on conveying a message and being understandable. E．Language learners are afraid of being laughed at by listeners. F．If you want to learn a language quickly, you should learn how to talk first. G．Immersion can help you quickly improve your listening and speaking skills. Passage 6 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other. 1 For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s fourteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impossible to read. Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration. 2 Frequently, the needs of speakers drive language change. New technologies industries, products and experiences simply require new words. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way. 3 Through our day-to-day interactions, we pick up words and savings from other people and integrate them into our speech. Teens and young adults, for example, often use different words and phrases from their parents. Some of them spread through the population and slowly change the language. 4 Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened. Some words are even created through misinterpretation of form. As noted in the Linguistic Society of America’s publication Is English Changing?, the word pea is one such example. Up until about four hundred years ago, pease could refer to either a single pea or many peas. At some point, people assumed that pease was the plural form of a new word, pea, based on the way pease sounded. While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly. 5 For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English. A．Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting. B．Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though. C．As long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change. D．All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use. E．The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation. F．Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking. G．The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors. Passage 7 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ Learn a new language and, at some point, you’ll meet native speakers that have you questioning your language abilities. 1 And what’s that slang (俚语) they’re using?! If this sounds all too familiar to you, then welcome! You’ve leveled up to a new stage of language learning best known as the dialect. The differences between a dialect and a language have a number of technicalities and exceptions tied to them. But as a language learner, you’re probably more interested in the practical takeaway. 2 . We can see how the standard elements of English change across the US, the UK, and even Singapore, where Singlish exists as a hyper-regional dialect of English. The first thing you’ll notice about each English dialect is the shift in pronunciation. This shift, better known as an accent, is an important element of a dialect. 3 . Don’t worry too much about this. What’s important is that you’re able to identify differences during conversations and feel comfortable adapting to them. Studies show that children who primarily speak a dialect are hyper-aware of the differences, and are able to reach reading and writing goals more quickly as a result. 4 Learning a dialect, rather than just the standard language, requires a deeper dig into cultural nuances (细微差异) that aren’t lost on native speakers. In short: Learning a dialect shows that you care! It’s an incredible way to connect with new cultural communities in the process. Before you learn a dialect, you should have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of a “standard” language. That way, you’ll be able to gain meaning through context. 5 Movies, music, books, and news are all fantastic ways to pick up on those dialectical nuances. A．Then, enlarge your exposure. B．There’re many varieties of English. C．How does their accent sound so different? D．But accent isn’t always necessary to a dialect. E．Dialects also allow you to build deeper connections. F．Some people are good at shifting between different accents. G．Dialects are often closely tied with geographical boundaries. $$ Unit 5 七选五练习 目录 精练篇 1 Passage 1 1 基础篇 5 Passage 1 5 Passage 2 7 Passage 3 9 Passage 4 11 拔高篇 13 Passage 1 13 Passage 2 15 Passage 3 17 Passage 4 19 Passage 5 22 Passage 5 24 Passage 6 27 精练篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ “Man is by nature a social animal,” the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote more than 2,000 years ago. From the time you enter this world, you start communicating. Your first cry is your first attempt at verbal (口头的) communication. And as you start growing, you find newer ways of communication. You learn to form words and sentences to communicate. 1 Verbal communication means effectively presenting your thoughts verbally. 2 Be it a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders (股东), the importance of verbal communication is unparalleled. People always remember a person who speaks clearly, effectively, and confidently. For instance, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s speech at the iPhone launching ceremony is a classic example of brilliant verbal communication that people remember even today. 3 Interpersonal communication often happens between two individuals. Reactions and responses from the other person will help you understand if you’re getting your thoughts across clearly. Public communication is also known as “public speaking”. Speeches, election campaigns and presentations are a few examples of this type. Verbal communication is a broad topic. There are various elements that help us organize our thoughts around it. They include the tone, speed, and volume of your speech. 4 Each of these elements matters in any kind of verbal communication. A variety of challenges may arise in verbal communication. Although difficulties with verbal communication can’t be entirely avoided, it is possible to increase your chances of communicating successfully. Consider the message you wish to communicate before speaking and communicate with respect for the recipient’s point of view. 5 Pronounce your words clearly and be conscious of nonverbal aspects such as eye contact, posture and facial expressions. A．Pay attention to what you say and how you say it. B．Its relevant skills are essential in the world of business. C．Verbal communication can be classified into two main types. D．This is the beginning of the real sense of verbal communication. E．Language barriers are a major cause of confusion in verbal communication. F．Everyone has a unique style of communicating and understanding messages. G．Additionally, grammar and vocabulary are critical aspects of verbal communication. 词汇积累 by nature意思是“天生地；本性上；就其本质而言”。例如：“She is kind by nature.”（她生性善良。） attempt at表示“企图；尝试；努力”。例如：“His attempt at humor fell flat.”（他试图幽默，但效果不佳。） unparalleled形容词，“无比的；无双的；空前的”。例如：“The athlete's performance was unparalleled.”（这位运动员的表现是空前的。） get across有“使......被理解；讲清楚；越过”等意思。例如：“I'm having trouble getting my point across.”（我难以把我的观点讲清楚。） be known as“被称为；被认为是；以......知名”。例如：“He is known as a great writer.”（他以伟大的作家而闻名。） a variety of “各种各样的；多种的”。例如：“There are a variety of books in the library.”（图书馆里有各种各样的书。） arise in“在......中出现；产生于”。例如：“Problems often arise in new projects.”（新的项目中常常会出现问题。） be conscious of“意识到；注意到；觉察到”。例如：“You should be conscious of your mistakes.”（你应该意识到自己的错误。） pay attention to “注意；重视”。例如：“Pay attention to your spelling.”（注意你的拼写。） be essential in“在......中是必不可少的；在......中非常重要”。例如：“Teamwork is essential in this project.”（在这个项目中团队合作是必不可少的。） be classified into“被分类为；被归入”。例如：“These books can be classified into different categories.”（这些书可以被分类为不同的类别。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 长难句分析 【1】Be it a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders (股东), the importance of verbal communication is unparalleled. 译文 无论是每周的会议还是向股东做的展示，口头交流的重要性都是无可比拟的。 分析 这是一个倒装句，“Be it a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders”，正常语序为“Whether it be a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders”，“it be”是虚拟语气的形式，表示“不管是......还是......”。在这个句子中，“a weekly meeting”和“a presentation to stakeholders”是并列的成分。整句话中，“the importance of verbal communication is unparalleled”是主句。 【2】For instance, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s speech at the iPhone launching ceremony is a classic example of brilliant verbal communication that people remember even today. 译文 例如，苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯在 iPhone 发布会上的演讲就是出色的口头交流的经典范例，人们至今仍记得。 分析 “For instance”是插入语，表示“例如”。“Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s speech at the iPhone launching ceremony”是整个句子的主语，其中“Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s”是“speech”的定语，“at the iPhone launching ceremony”是地点状语。“that people remember even today”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“verbal communication”。 翻译练习 1. 他画肖像的尝试相当令人印象深刻，展现出了他隐藏的天赋。(attempt at) His attempt at painting a portrait was quite impressive, showing his hidden talent. 2. 泰姬陵的美丽无与伦比；它是永恒爱情的象征。(unparalleled) The beauty of the Taj Mahal is unparalleled; it stands as a symbol of eternal love. 3. 我正在努力向我的父母阐明我的观点。(get across) I'm struggling to get across my point of view to my parents. 4. 图书馆提供各种各样的书籍，满足不同的兴趣需求。(a variety of) The library offers a variety of books, catering to different interests. 5. 我们应该意识到我们的行为对环境的影响。 (be conscious of) We should be conscious of the impact that our actions have on the environment. 答案解析 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．G 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了口头交际的概念、分类及应对口头交际中存在的挑战的方法。 1．根据上文““Man is by nature a social animal,” the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote more than 2,000years ago. From the time you enter this world, you start communicating. Your first cry is your first attempt at verbal (口头的) communication. And as you start growing, you find newer ways of communication. You learn to form words and sentences to communicate.(2000多年前，希腊著名哲学家亚里士多德写道：“人是天生的社会性动物。”从你进入这个世界的那一刻起，你就开始交流了。你的第一次哭泣是你第一次尝试用语言交流。当你开始成长时，你会发现新的交流方式。你学会组织单词和句子来交流)”可知，此空设于段尾，起到承接上文作用，该项中的This 指代上一句内容，该项说明了“人们学习组词造句来交流，这是真正意义上的口头交际的开始”。故D选项“这是真正意义上的语言交流的开始”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“Verbal communication means effectively presenting your thoughts verbally.(口头交流是指用语言有效地表达你的想法)”以及下文“Be it a weekly meeting or a presentation to stakeholders (股东), the importance of verbal communication is unparalleled. People always remember a person who speaks clearly, effectively, and confidently. For instance, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs’s speech at the iPhone launching ceremony is a classic example of brilliant verbal communication that people remember even today.(无论是每周一次的会议还是对利益相关者的演讲，口头沟通的重要性都是无与伦比的。人们总是记得说话清晰、有效、自信的人。例如，苹果公司联合创始人史蒂夫·乔布斯在iPhone发布仪式上的演讲就是一个经典的口头交流的例子，即使在今天人们也记得)”可知，此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，该项中的Its relevant skills指代“口头交际相关的技能”，且与下文存在解释关系，无论是每周一次的会议还是面向参与方的演讲都反映了“口头交际技能在商业领域是必不可少的”。故B选项“它的相关技能在商业世界中是必不可少的”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据后文“Interpersonal communication often happens between two individuals. Reactions and responses from the other person will help you understand if you’re getting your thoughts across clearly. Public communication is also known as “public speaking”. Speeches, election campaigns and presentations are a few examples of this type.(人际交往经常发生在两个人之间。对方的反应和回应会帮助你理解你是否清楚地表达了自己的想法。公共沟通也被称为“公共演讲”。演讲、竞选活动和演讲就是这种类型的几个例子)”可知，此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。该段介绍了“人际沟通”和“公众沟通”两种类型的口头交际。故C选项“语言交际可以分为两种主要类型”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“Verbal communication is a broad topic. There are various elements that help us organize our thoughts around it. They include the tone, speed, and volume of your speech.(口头交流是一个广泛的话题。有各种各样的因素可以帮助我们围绕它组织我们的思想。它们包括你讲话的语气、语速和音量)”可知，此空设于段中，与上文存在递进关系，上文说明了影响口头交际的因素，包括语气、语速和音量。该项介绍了另外两个因素，即语法和词汇。故G选项“此外，语法和词汇是语言交际的关键方面”符合语境，故选G。 5．根据上文“A variety of challenges may arise in verbal communication. Although difficulties with verbal communication can’t be entirely avoided, it is possible to increase your chances of communicating successfully. Consider the message you wish to communicate before speaking and communicate with respect for the recipient’s point of view. (语言交际中可能会出现各种各样的挑战。虽然语言交流的困难不能完全避免，但增加成功沟通的机会是可能的。说话前要考虑你想要传达的信息，并尊重对方的观点)”以及后文“Pronounce your words clearly and be conscious of nonverbal aspects such as eye contact, posture and facial expressions.(发音清晰，注意眼神交流、姿势和面部表情等非语言方面)”可知，此空设于段中，与上下文存在并列关系，该句说明了增加沟通成功率的一种方法，即注意所说的内容及说话的方式。故A选项“注意你说的话和说话的方式”符合语境，故选A。 基础篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐ Learning how to understand body language is essential if you’re serious about being a good communicator. When you know how to read body language, you can gain deeper insight into what others are really saying. You can also consciously improve your nonverbal communication. 1 . Develop your emotional awareness Being able to read body language signs allows you to better interpret the emotions and moods of other people. This enables you to understand what they really think or feel about something. 2 . Bond better with your peers Not everyone is comfortable sharing their true feelings or thoughts. They might be going through family difficulties at home. 3 . By interpreting people’s body language, you can better understand their views. Or you can be friendly and supportive when they need support but don’t feel that they can ask for it. 4 When you know how to read body language, you can know how to use it to build trust. You can consciously use nonverbal cues (非语言暗示) that indicate you’re being open and honest. You can also avoid the cues that imply you’re distracted, dishonest, or hiding something Get your point across in the right way Another benefit of understanding body language is that you can use it to better get your point across. You can consciously incorporate gestures and other nonverbal cues that emphasize your point rather than contradict it. 5 . Consciously using different types of nonverbal communication can help you appear confident, even if you don’t feel it. You can also emphasize your message and inspire trust, as mentioned. Altogether, this helps you make a good first impression and builds your influence on others. A．Build trust more easily B．Understand others more easily C．They might feel that no one would listen to them D．Besides, it can help you make a good impression E．You can then respond to them in the appropriate way F．It keeps you from picking up what others really mean G．Let’s explore the benefits of understanding body language 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了理解肢体语言的好处。 1．根据上文“When you know how to read body language, you can gain deeper insight into what others are really saying. You can also consciously improve your nonverbal communication.(当你知道如何解读肢体语言时，你就能更深入地了解别人真正在说什么。你也可以有意识地提高你的非语言交流能力。)”和下文中的段落小标题可知，空处承上启下，说明即将要讨论的是理解肢体语言的好处。G项：Let’s explore the benefits of understanding body language.(让我们来探讨一下理解肢体语言的好处。)符合语境。故选G。 2．根据上文“This enables you to understand what they really think or feel about something.(这使你能够了解他们对某事的真实想法或感受。)”可知，空处承接上文，说明了解对方对某事的真实想法或感受以后，可以采取的措施。E项中的“them”和上文中的“they”对应，指代前文的“other people”。E项：You can then respond to them in the appropriate way.(然后你可以用适当的方式回应他们。)符合语境。故选E。 3．根据上文“Not everyone is comfortable sharing their true feelings or thoughts. They might be going through family difficulties at home.(不是每个人都乐于分享自己的真实感受或想法。他们可能在家里遇到了家庭困难。)”可知，空处承接上文，说明具体的困难。C项：They might feel that no one would listen to them.(他们可能觉得没人会听他们的。)符合语境。故选C。 4．空处为段落主题句。根据下文“When you know how to read body language, you can know how to use it to build trust.(当你知道如何解读肢体语言时，你就知道如何用它来建立信任。)”可知，本段的关键词是信任。A项：Build trust more easily.(更容易建立信任。)符合语境。故选A。 5．根据上文“Another benefit of understanding body language is that you can use it to better get your point across. You can consciously incorporate gestures and other nonverbal cues that emphasize your point rather than contradict it.(理解肢体语言的另一个好处是，你可以用它来更好地表达你的观点。你可以有意识地结合手势和其他非语言暗示来强调你的观点，而不是反驳它。)”可知，空处补充说明通过理解肢体语言来表达自己观点的好处。D项：Besides, it can help you make a good impression.(此外，它可以帮助你留下好印象。)符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 How to learn a language on your own? 难度⭐⭐ Are you thinking of learning a language on your own but don’t know where to start? Are you wondering how to keep on learning when meeting difficulties? 1 To start with, be independent. You’re going to learn this language, so it is your responsibility. It doesn’t matter whether you’re at a school or entirely on your own. If you’re interested in a certain tense, you can look it up after the classroom. 2 It just means that you are determined. Next, cover the same material in different books. You’re coming across the same material again and again through lots of repetition. 3 You’re not worried about answering questions or writing exams. Don’t try to master or remember anything. Just keep letting the language wash over you. 4 Find materials that are interesting, real, but not too difficult when you start learning the language. Materials of a conversational nature or podcasts are easier than formal materials. But as you become more skilled in the language, you need to move from easy materials to real ones. This may sound challenging, but it helps a lot in improving you understanding of the language. Learning a language is a challenging activity. You may doubt yourself during this process. Sometimes it helps to take a break from it. 5 These goals tell you that you are moving because you make no mistake as long as you continue to spend time with the language. Keep it up and one day, you will find certain things come together for you. A．Furthermore, seek out materials that arouse your interest. B．It also helps to set specific goals like the number of words. C．Slowly your brain gets used to the material and the language. D．In addition, use different materials at different stages of learning. E．Here are some tips that help you become a successful language learner. F．If you’re confused about the formation of a certain word, search it by yourself. G．Therefore, being an independent learner doesn’t mean that you are not in a class. 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了如何自学一门语言。 1．根据上文“Are you thinking of learning a language on your own but don’t know where to start? Are you wondering how to keep on learning when meeting difficulties?(你是否在考虑自己学习一门语言，但不知道从哪里开始？你是否在思考如何在遇到困难时继续学习)”和下文提出的具体的建议可知，E项“这里有一些建议可以帮助你成为一个成功的语言学习者”承上启下，符合语境，故选E。 2．上文“If you’re interested in a certain tense, you can look it up after the classroom.(如果你对某个时态感兴趣，你可以下课后查一下)”提到，可以自己查阅时态规则，结合下文“It just means that you are determined.(它只是意味着你下定决心了)”可知，G项“因此，做一个独立的学习者并不意味着你不上课”符合语境，G项中的“mean”与下文呼应，故选G。 3．根据上文“You’re coming across the same material again and again through lots of repetition.(通过大量的重复，你会一次又一次地遇到同样的材料)”和下文“You’re not worried about answering questions or writing exams.(你不担心回答问题或笔试了)”可知，重复遇到同样的材料，大脑应是会熟记下来，然后就不担心回答问题或考试，C项“慢慢地，你的大脑习惯了材料和语言”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据本段内容“Find materials that are interesting, real, but not too difficult when you start learning the language. Materials of a conversational nature or podcasts are easier than formal materials. But as you become more skilled in the language, you need to move from easy materials to real ones.(当你开始学习这门语言时，找一些有趣、真实但又不会太难的材料。会话性质的材料或播客比正式材料更容易。但是当你对这门语言越来越熟练时，你需要从简单的材料转向真正的材料)”可知，本段是说在不同学习阶段使用不同的材料，D项“此外，在不同的学习阶段使用不同的材料”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据下文“These goals tell you that you are moving because you make no mistake as long as you continue to spend time with the language.(这些目标告诉你，你正在进步，因为只要你继续花时间学习这门语言，你就不会犯错误)”中的指代“These goals”可知，空处应是提及goals，B项“设定具体的目标，比如单词的数量，也会有帮助”符合语境，且和上文并列，均是描述在语言学习过程中一些有帮助的方法，故选B。 Passage 3 难度⭐⭐ The first way we learn to communicate is through body language — our facial expressions, our gestures and, when we’re older, our postures. Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts (施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves. 1 . Change how you feel To de-stress: Forcing a smile can make running easier and tough tasks less stressful. One 2012 experiment found that a grin makes holding your hand in ice water more bearable. To feel more confident: 2 . Striking this so-called power pose shortly before an interview or athletic contest can be particularly powerful for women, who tend to sit and stand in a way that takes up less space. To persevere: 3 . In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides. Change how others feel 4 : Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener. To foster connections: Mirroring the facial expressions and gestures of the person you’re talking to can help them feel more comfortable. One 2011 experiment found this is an effective sales skill. To engage or disengage: If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them. 5 . A．To come across as sincere B．But if you want to spread tension, angle your body slightly away — facing full-on is confrontational (对抗性的) when things get heated C．Here’s how to use body language to everyone’s benefit D．Making your index finger (食指) and middle finger crossed can help you gather strength E．To inform people F．Standing like Wonder Woman — legs apart, hands on hips, chest up — may make you feel more powerful G．Crossing your arms across your chest can help you persist in solving a problem 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何使用肢体语言。 1．根据上文“Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts(施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves.”（ 即使在我们学会了如何说话之后，这种非语言交流仍然会对我们的互动、别人对我们的第一印象，甚至是我们对自己的印象产生强大的、往往是无意识的影响）可知，上文说明了肢体语言的重要性，所以要如何使用肢体语言提出建议，且总起下文的标题。故C选项“以下是如何使用肢体语言使得对每个人都有好处”切题。故选C项。 2．根据上文“To feel more confident”（让自己更自信:）可知，选项承接上文说明那个动作使人更自信。故F选项“像神奇女侠一样站立——双腿分开，双手叉腰，挺胸——这会让你感觉更有力量”切题。powerful呼应confident。故选F项。 3．根据下文“In a 2008 study, students who sat with their arms crossed kept working on an impossible problem nearly twice as long as those with their arms at their sides.”（在2008年的一项研究中，双臂交叉坐着的学生解决不可能的问题的时间几乎是双臂放在身体两侧的学生的两倍。）可知，选项与下文主题相关，说的都是双臂交叉在胸前有助于解决问题。故G选项“双臂交叉在胸前可以帮助你坚持解决问题”切题。故选G项。 4．根据下文“Studies show that holding someone’s gaze may help people think you’re trustworthy and intelligent. According to body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, it can also make people think you’re a good listener.”（ 研究表明，和别人凝视会让别人觉得你值得信赖、聪明。根据肢体语言专家卡罗尔·金赛·戈曼的说法，它还可以让人们认为你是一个好的倾听者。）可知，本段主要在说要表现出真诚。故A选项“给人真诚的印象”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。 5．根据上文“If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them.”（ 如果你想让别人知道你在听，那就坐着，把整个身体、膝盖和肩膀都面向他们）可知，选项承接上文说明身体部分的姿势代表了不同的意义且与上文为转折关系。故B选项“但如果你想分散紧张感，那就把身体稍微向外倾斜——当事情变得激烈时，面朝全身是对抗性的。”切题。故选B项。 Passage 4 难度⭐⭐ Before children can learn to read, they need to have a good understanding of basic words and what they mean. 1 , there are very easy ways that you can build a preschooler’s vocabulary. Visiting the library If you are looking for a great place to start building your preschooler’s vocabulary and early reading skills, look no further than your local library. Research shows a strong correlation between library use and literacy-building skills in young children. 2 , ask your librarian for help. Using descriptive words When it comes to increasıng your child’s vocabulary, more is better. The more words that your child hears, the more he or she will learn. For example, when describing a fabric pattern, try using words such as unusual, relaxing, or creative. These words may be beyond a kid’s understanding right now. 3 . Making labels If you want your preschoolers to learn more words, then make it easy. 4 . Using a label maker to name commonly used items so they can learn to recognize what the word looks like. For example, if her toys are separated into different boxes of like items, label them, such as blocks, dolls, cars, books, etc. 5 Besides being a wonderful way to spend quality time with your preschooler, reading aloud is a great way to expose your preschooler to new words. Choose books that are of interest to your preschooler but that use words that are slightly above their understanding. Together you can work through what they mean, by using context—the other words on the page and any pictures that might be on the page as well. A．Reading aloud together B．Spending time together C．While that may sound a bit difficult D．In addition to saying them often, show them too E．If you aren’t sure what to do when you get there F．But by using them in the proper context, you’ll make them understandable G．The more parents help children overcome challenges, the better they’ll be for kindergarten 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．F 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了建立学龄前儿童词汇量的一些简单适用的方法。 1．前文“Before children can learn to read, they need to have a good understanding of basic words and what they mean.(在孩子们学会阅读之前，他们需要对基本的单词和它们的意思有一个很好的理解)”表示孩子们在阅读之前需要理解基本单词，后文“there are very easy ways that you can build a preschooler’s vocabulary.(有一些非常简单的方法可以帮助你建立一个学龄前儿童的词汇量)”及空后逗号可知空处为从句，C选项“虽然这听起来有点困难”中that指代前文的内容，本句表示让步，与后文形成转折关系，且本句中的difficult与下文中的easy呼应。故选C。 2．后文“ask your librarian for help.(向图书管理员寻求帮助)”可知，空处是下文的条件，即在图书馆遇到的问题，E选项“如果你不确定当你到达那里时要做什么”说明遇到的问题，此句中的there指代图书馆。故选E。 3．前文“For example, when describing a fabric pattern, try using words such as unusual, relaxing, or creative. These words may be beyond a kid’s understanding right now.(例如，当描述一种织物图案时，试着使用诸如不同寻常的、放松的或创造性的单词。这些单词现在可能超出了一个孩子的理解范围)”说明在描述织物图案时，一些单词会超出孩子们的理解范围，F选项“但是通过在适当的语境中使用它们，你就可以让它们变得容易理解”与前文进行转折，强调利用语境理解的重要性，同样表示利用描述性单词的恰当方法。故选F。 4．前文“If you want your preschoolers to learn more words, then make it easy.(如果你想让你的学龄前儿童学习更多的单词，那么就让它变得简单)”表示要让儿童学习单词简单易懂，后文“Using a label maker to name commonly used items so they can learn to recognize what the word looks like.(使用标签机给常用的物品命名，这样他们就可以学会识别这个单词的样子)”表示利用标签机给物品命名，将单词和样子联系起来，D选项“除了经常说，也要展示给他们看”承上启下，引出下文给孩子展示物品。故选D。 5．空处为小标题，后文“Besides being a wonderful way to spend quality time with your preschooler, reading aloud is a great way to expose your preschooler to new words.(除了是和你的学龄前儿童度过宝贵时间的好方法，大声朗读也是让你的学龄前儿童接触新单词的好方法)”表示要让学龄前儿童大声朗读这些单词，A选项“一起朗读”符合本段主旨。故选A。 拔高篇 Passage 1 难度⭐⭐⭐ When I attended high school, I studied Spanish for four years — mainly because it was a requirement. When I landed a job working in restaurant management at a location with a nearly 100% Hispanic staff, I immediately regretted my lack of commitment when I was younger. Through some online help and a lot of assistance from my workers, however, I eventually became fluent in Spanish. 1 , there are several great reasons to do so. Improve Intelligence Research conducted at York University in Toronto, Canada found that people who studied a second language scored higher on standardized testing compared to those who did not. 2 . Travel More Conveniently Have you ever wished you could travel the world, but didn’t, because you were frightened by communication issues? 3 . Even if you only have a basic understanding of German, for example, a trip to Bonn or Berlin suddenly becomes that much more convenient and easy to negotiate. Increase Job Opportunities 4 . That means that companies in the US are in need of more workers who can speak second languages. If you’ve been feeling stuck in your current job or career, learning another language might be your ticket out of that situation. According to the website YouGov, only 25% of Americans speak a second language, and that means you can get a real leg up on the competition if you’re in that group. Strengthen Memory A huge part of learning a second language is memorization. 5 . Energizing the memory muscle of your brain allows you to better remember other items and events, potentially making you a stronger worker and enriching your life in general. A．If you speak their foreign tongue B．Learning a second language can put that fear to rest C．The economy is more globalized than ever before D．After all, you’re tackling a subject foreign to your mind E．Those tools can help you bone up on your English as well F．Whether or not your job requires you to learn a second language G．Learning a second language can also help you see things in a new light 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者根据自己学习西班牙语的经历，告诉我们无论你的工作是否要求你学习第二语言，都有必要学习。本文给出了几个很好的理由。 1．根据上文“Through some online help and a lot of assistance from my workers, however, I eventually became fluent in Spanish.(然而，通过一些网上帮助和我的工作人员的大量帮助，我最终能说一口流利的西班牙语。)”和下文“there are several great reasons to do so.(有几个很好的理由这样做。)”可知，上文提到作者通过在线帮助和员工的帮助，最终学会了西班牙语，接下来作者提到了学习第二语言有很多好处，因此可以推断出此处是在强调无论你的工作是否要求你学习第二语言，学习第二语言都是有益的。F项：Whether or not your job requires you to learn a second language(无论你的工作是否要求你学习第二语言)符合语境。故选F。 2．上文提到“在加拿大的约克大学进行的研究发现，学习第二语言的人在标准化测试中得分更高(Research conducted at York University in Toronto, Canada found that people who studied a second language scored higher on standardized testing compared to those who did not.)”，因此接下来需要解释为什么学习第二语言能提高智力。选项G Learning a second language can also help you see things in a new light(学习第二语言也可以帮助你以新的眼光看待事物)与前一句相衔接，解释了学习第二语言能提高智力的原因。G项：Learning a second language can also help you see things in a new light(学习第二语言也可以帮助你以新的眼光看待事物)符合语境。故选G。 3．根据上文“Have you ever wished you could travel the world, but didn’t, because you were frightened by communication issues?(你是否曾经希望自己能环游世界，但因为害怕沟通问题而没有实现？)”可知，上文提到你是否曾经梦想过周游世界，但因为沟通问题而未能成行。接下来需要找到一个解决这个问题的办法。B项：Learning a second language can put that fear to rest(学习第二语言可以消除这种恐惧)符合语境。故选B。 4．根据下文“That means that companies in the US are in need of more workers who can speak second languages.(这意味着美国的公司需要更多会说第二语言的员工。)”下文暗示了经济的全球化。因此，可以推断出此处是在强调经济全球化的趋势。C项：The economy is more globalized than ever before(经济比以往任何时候都更加全球化)符合语境。故选C。 5．根据上文“A huge part of learning a second language is memorization.(学习第二语言的很大一部分是记忆。)”可知，上文指出学习语言过程中记忆力的重要性，D项：After all, you’re tackling a subject foreign to your mind(毕竟，你是在处理一个对你来说陌生的问题)进一步强调了学习第二语言需要记忆的特点，与前文内容相衔接，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 难度⭐⭐⭐ Social media, when approached the right way, can be just as valuable for practicing a new language as TV shows, books or any other form of media. 1 . Be a focused follower The best way to get started in your language learning via social media adventure is by following a number of accounts in your target language. But it would be helpful to have a clear goal in mind first. 2 . Whether you’re interested in sports, travel or any other topics, there’s an account for that. 3 Once you’ve chosen some accounts to follow, you should not stop there. 4 . This means reading posts, watching videos. You may set a target for yourself, like reading five posts every day. It’s important to make this a habit if you really want to use social media for language learning effectively. Be a positive contributor When you’ve followed the accounts you want to follow and have made a habit of engaging with them, you can consider taking your use of social media for language learning to the next level. For example, you can set up your own account. 5 . A．Be an active user B．Be a patient helper C．Then you can try to post in the target language D．Instead, you have to make daily use of the accounts E．Here are some accounts we’ve put together for you to follow F．In this article, you’ll find a few tips on how to use social media for language study G．For example, if you want to learn food vocabulary, you may follow a cooking account 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何通过社交媒体学习语言的几点建议。 1．根据上文“Social media, when approached the right way, can be just as valuable for practicing a new language as TV shows, books or any other form of media. (当使用得当，社交媒体对于练习一门新语言来说，和电视节目、书籍或任何其他形式的媒体一样有价值。)”以及下文具体的建议可知，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，引出“如何通过社交媒体学习语言”这一话题，F 选项“In this article, you’ll find a few tips on how to use social media for language study (在这篇文章中，你会发现一些关于如何使用社交媒体学习语言的建议)”符合语境，故选 F。 2．根据上文“But it would be helpful to have a clear goal in mind first. (但首先有一个明确的目标会很有帮助。)”以及下文“Whether you’re interested in sports, travel or any other topics, there’s an account for that. (无论你对体育、旅游或其他任何话题感兴趣，都有一个账号可以关注。)”可知，此处举例说明如何设定目标，G 选项“For example, if you want to learn food vocabulary, you may follow a cooking account (例如，如果你想学习食物词汇，你可以关注一个烹饪账号)”符合语境，故选 G。 3．根据下文“Once you’ve chosen some accounts to follow, you should not stop there. (一旦你选择了一些要关注的账号，你就不应该就此打住。)”以及下文具体的做法可知，此处应该是说要积极使用社交媒体，A 选项“Be an active user (做一个积极的用户)”符合语境，故选 A。 4．根据上文“Once you’ve chosen some accounts to follow, you should not stop there. (一旦你选择了一些要关注的账号，你就不应该就此打住。)”以及下文“You may set a target for yourself, like reading five posts every day. (你可以为自己设定一个目标，比如每天阅读五篇文章。)”可知，此处应该是说要经常使用社交媒体，D 选项“Instead, you have to make daily use of the accounts (相反，你必须每天使用这些账号)”符合语境，故选 D。 5．根据上文“For example, you can set up your own account. (例如，你可以建立自己的账号。)”可推理出，下文应该是说建立自己的账户之后该怎么做，C 选项“Then you can try to post in the target language (然后你可以试着用目标语言发帖)”符合语境，故选 C。 Passage 3 The Importance of Learning a Second Language 难度⭐⭐⭐ In today’s globalized world, learning a second language has become an essential skill. It offers numerous benefits that can enhance both personal and professional aspects of life. 1 Through the process of learning a new language, one can gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and traditions. This can lead to greater empathy and appreciation for diversity. Additionally, bilingual (双语的) individuals often have better cognitive abilities. 2 Studies have shown that they are better at multitasking, problem-solving, and decision-making compared to monolinguals (单语的). This is because the brain is constantly engaged in managing two languages, which strengthens its overall function. 3 In many professional fields, being proficient in more than one language can open up job opportunities that would otherwise be unavailable. Many companies prefer to hire candidates who can communicate with international clients or partners. Moreover, learning a second language can significantly enhance travel experiences. 4 Communicating in the local language can lead to more meaningful interactions and a deeper connection with the place and its people. Finally, the process of learning a new language itself can be incredibly (不可置信地) rewarding. 5 This sense of achievement can boost confidence and motivate individuals to tackle other challenges in life. Overall, the advantages of learning a second language are clear. It not only broadens one’s horizons but also equips them with skills that are valuable in an increasingly interconnected world. A．It allows travelers to guide new environments with ease and enjoy genuine cultural experiences. B．The effort and devotion required to master a new language can get a strong sense of accomplishment. C．Bilingualism can delay the onset of dementia (痴呆症) and other age-related cognitive declines. D．One of the most significant advantages is the ability to connect with people from different backgrounds. E．Fluency in multiple languages is often associated with higher salaries and better career prospects. F．They tend to have improved memory, attention span, and analytical skills. G．Another major benefit is the improvement in job prospects and career advancement. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习第二语言的好处和重要性。 1．根据后文“Through the process of learning a new language, one can gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and traditions. This can lead to greater empathy and appreciation for diversity. (通过学习一门新语言的过程，一个人可以对不同的文化和传统有更深的了解。这可以导致对多样性更大的同情和欣赏)”可知，本段主要介绍学习第二语言对文化交流的好处，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与交流上的好处相关，因此D项“One of the most significant advantages is the ability to connect with people from different backgrounds. (最重要的优势之一是能够与来自不同背景的人建立联系)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选D。 2．前文“Additionally, bilingual (双语的) individuals often have better cognitive abilities (此外，会说两种语言的人通常有更好的认知能力)”提到双语者认知能力更好，空处应该会展开说明他们认知能力方面的表现，因此F项“They tend to have improved memory, attention span, and analytical skills. (他们往往有更好的记忆力、注意力持续时间和分析能力)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的bilingual individuals。故选F。 3．根据后文“In many professional fields, being proficient in more than one language can open up job opportunities that would otherwise be unavailable. Many companies prefer to hire candidates who can communicate with international clients or partners. (在许多专业领域，精通一门以上的语言可以为你带来原本无法获得的工作机会。许多公司更愿意雇用能够与国际客户或合作伙伴沟通的候选人)”可知，本段主要介绍学习第二语言对职业发展的好处，空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，应该与职业上的好处相关，因此G项“Another major benefit is the improvement in job prospects and career advancement. (另一个主要好处是改善就业前景和职业发展)”符合语境，契合段落内容。故选G。 4．前文“Moreover, learning a second language can significantly enhance travel experiences. (此外，学习第二语言可以显著提高旅行体验)”提到学习第二语言可以改善旅行体验，空处应该会展开说明更好的旅行体验，因此A项“It allows travelers to guide new environments with ease and enjoy genuine cultural experiences. (它允许旅行者轻松地引导新的环境，并享受真正的文化体验)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的It指代前文的It。故选A。 5．前文“Finally, the process of learning a new language itself can be incredibly (不可置信地) rewarding. (最后，学习一门新语言的过程本身是非常有益的)”指出学习一门新语言本身有益，后文“This sense of achievement can boost confidence and motivate individuals to tackle other challenges in life. (这种成就感可以增强自信，激励个人应对生活中的其他挑战)”提到成就感的好处，空处应该和学习一门新语言带来成就感相关，因此B项“The effort and devotion required to master a new language can get a strong sense of accomplishment. (掌握一门新语言所需要的努力和投入可以获得强烈的成就感)”符合语境，承上启下，其中的accomplishment和后文的achievement呼应。故选B。 Passage 4 难度⭐⭐⭐ If your resolution is to learn a new language, you may be wondering: What’s the best way to go about this? 1 There are many different ways to approach it. If you want to start learning a language fast, though, there is plenty of advice we can offer. Is grammar important? Yes, grammar is important. But after all, when you’re learning your first language as a baby, your parents don’t have to teach you the clear rules of the language. 2 Should I focus on speaking or writing? 3 If you want to travel and communicate with native speakers, then writing might be slightly less helpful. But if you’re learning Latin because you want to read texts in the original language, then you can probably skip the speaking part entirely. Should I watch shows and listen to music in the language I’m learning? Absolutely yes. Being exposed to a language will always help you with your learning. 4 Watching movies to learn a language may have helped somewhat. But it’s important not to trap yourself with a complex language. How Can I make language learning more fun? One of the best ways to make learning more fun is to work it in to your other hobbies. 5 You can’t learn to play the guitar and go jogging at the same time, for example. However, language is always around you and you can practice it while doing something else. While jogging, you could listen to a podcast in another language. While playing the guitar, you could pick songs that are in your target language. Anyway, connecting your interests really matters. A．You just pick it up by nature. B．A new language isn’t like most other hobbies. C．Yet the real question is what you should watch or listen to. D．Unfortunately, there’s no “best way” to learn a new language. E．So it’s more important to get comfortable with speaking the language. F．The answer to this question really depends on what you hope to achieve. G．An important thing to remember is switching up how you’re exposed to the language. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．F 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习一门语言的技巧。 1．根据空前一句“What’s the best way to go about this? (什么是最好的方法？)”可知，空前是在提问什么是最好的方法，空处应回答该问题。D项“Unfortunately, there’s no “best way” to learn a new language. (遗憾的是，学习一门新语言没有最好的方法。)”可以作为该问题的回答，且D项与空后一句“There are many different ways to approach it. (有许多不同的方法来处理它。)”是顺承关系。故选D。 2．根据本段的主旨句“Is grammar important? (语法重要吗？)”可知，本段与学习语法是否重要有关。由空前“Yes, grammar is important. But after all, when you’re learning your first language as a baby, your parents don’t have to teach you the clear rules of the language. (是的，语法很重要。但毕竟，当你在婴儿时期学习第一语言时，你的父母不需要教你语言的明确规则。)”可知，学习语言不用刻意地学习语法而是自然而然地学习。A项“You just pick it up by nature. (你只是自然而然地学会了。)”是对前一句的进一步解释，能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。 3．根据本段主旨句提出的问题“Should I focus on speaking or writing? (我应该专注于说还是写？)”和下文“If you want to travel and communicate with native speakers, then writing might be slightly less helpful. But if you’re learning Latin because you want to read texts in the original language, then you can probably skip the speaking part entirely. (如果你想去旅行并与母语人士交流，那么写作可能就没那么有用了。但如果你学习拉丁语是因为你想阅读原文，那么你可以完全跳过口语部分。)”可知，应该专注于说还是写这个问题的答案取决于你希望达成什么。F项“The answer to this question really depends on what you hope to achieve. (这个问题的答案实际上取决于你希望达到什么目标。)”能承上启下，符合此处的语境。故选F。 4．根据空前的“Being exposed to a language will always help you with your learning. (接触一门语言对你的学习总是有帮助的。)”可知，接触一门语言对学习有帮助。根据空后的“Watching movies to learn a language may have helped somewhat. But it’s important not to trap yourself with a complex language. (通过看电影来学习一门语言可能会有所帮助。但重要的是不要让自己陷入复杂的语言中。)”可知，看电影来学习语言可能有一定的帮助，要有技巧。C项“Yet the real question is what you should watch or listen to. (然而，真正的问题是你应该看什么或听什么。)”与前文形成转折，指出真正的问题是你应该看什么或听什么，且能引起下文，符合此处的语境。故选C。 5．空前一句“One of the best ways to make learning more fun is to work it in to your other hobbies. (让学习变得更有趣的最好方法之一就是把它和你的其他爱好结合起来。)”点明主题。根据下文“You can’t learn to play the guitar and go jogging at the same time, for example. However, language is always around you and you can practice it while doing something else. While jogging, you could listen to a podcast in another language. While playing the guitar, you could pick songs that are in your target language. Anyway, connecting your interests really matters. (例如，你不可能一边学弹吉他一边去慢跑。然而，语言总是在你身边，你可以在做其他事情的时候练习它。慢跑时，你可以听另一种语言的播客。在弹吉他的时候，你可以选择目标语言的歌曲。无论如何，把你的兴趣联系起来真的很重要。)”所举的例子和所做的解释可知，学习一门新语言不像大多数其他爱好，因为每时每刻语言都在我们身边。所以B项“A new language isn’t like most other hobbies. (一门新语言不像大多数其他爱好。)”能承上启下，符合此处的语境。故选B。 Passage 5 难度⭐⭐⭐ Want to find out how you can learn a new language as fast as possible? If you commit to your new language, work hard, and have an open mind about making mistakes, you can go from basic conversational skills to fluency without the need for expensive classes and years of dedicated study. 1 Watch shows or movies. 2 Possibly the easiest thing you can do is watch television shows or movies in the language you are trying to learn. To make things easier, try to watch shows or movies whose plots you are already familiar with — like kids’ cartoons or dubbed versions of English movie. Knowing the plots will help you to identify the meanings of words and phrases. 3 Study smarter, not harder. Mastering everyday conversation will let you hit the ground running. It’s more important to master basic phrases you’ll use frequently than it is to start off by learning the alphabet or the perfect sentence structure. For example, you can learn phrases like: Hello, Goodbye, How are you?, I’m doing well, What is your name?, My name is…, and so on. Don’t worry about perfect grammar. 4 The reason why most people can’t remember most of the language they spent years learning in school is that school curricula tend to focus a huge amount of time on learning grammar and very little time on speech. 5 The specifics of grammar will come later. A．Learn how to greet. B．Learn basic phrases. C．We’ll let you in on the easiest language-learning secrets. D．Focus on conveying a message and being understandable. E．Language learners are afraid of being laughed at by listeners. F．If you want to learn a language quickly, you should learn how to talk first. G．Immersion can help you quickly improve your listening and speaking skills. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．B 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何快速学习一门新语言。关键在于投入时间和精力，保持开放的心态，不怕犯错误。 1．根据前文“ If you commit to your new language, work hard, and have an open mind about making mistakes, you can go from basic conversational skills to fluency without the need for expensive classes and years of dedicated study. (如果你致力于你的新语言，努力学习，并对犯错误持开放的态度，你可以从基本的会话技能到流利，而不需要昂贵的课程和多年的专门学习)”可知，如果准备学门新的语言，努力学、不怕犯错误就会掌握基本技能，变得熟练，而且不用花钱上课。因此后文应该介绍具体学习语言的策略和方法。C选项“We’ll let you in on the easiest language-learning secrets.(我们将告诉你最简单的语言学习秘诀)”承上启下，引出下文学习语言的建议和秘诀。故选C。 2．根据本段小标题“Watch shows or movies.(看节目或电影)”以及后文“Possibly the easiest thing you can do is watch television shows or movies in the language you are trying to learn. (也许你能做的最简单的事情就是看你正在学习的语言的电视节目或电影)”可知，此处强调通过看节目或者看电影的方式来学习语言。G选项“Immersion can help you quickly improve your listening and speaking skills.(沉浸式学习可以帮助你快速提高听说能力)”中的“沉浸式学习”方式与标题中的“看节目或者看电影”形成呼应即沉浸式学习指的事观看电视节目或者电影，这是最简单的学习语言的方式，该选项符合语境。故选G。 3．该空为小标题即本段的段旨。根据后文“ It’s more important to master basic phrases you’ll use frequently than it is to start off by learning the alphabet or the perfect sentence structure. (掌握你经常使用的基本短语比从学习字母表或完美的句子结构开始更重要)”可知，本段强调的是学习语言过程中学习基本短语的重要性。B选项“Learn basic phrases.(学习基本短语)”概括本段段旨，符合语境。故选B。 4．根据后文“The reason why most people can’t remember most of the language they spent years learning in school is that school curricula tend to focus a huge amount of time on learning grammar and very little time on speech. (大多数人之所以记不住在学校里花了几年时间学习的大部分语言，是因为学校课程往往把大量的时间放在学习语法上，而很少花时间在学习口语上)”可知，学校课程过多关注语法、不怎么关注说话表达，造成很多人记不起学过的语言。所以前文应该强调的是不要过多关注于大量的语法上，在语言学习过程中应该专注于传达让人理解的信息。D选项“Focus on conveying a message and being understandable.(专注于传达信息和让人理解)”与下文呼应，符合语境。故选D。 5．根据后文“The specifics of grammar will come later.(语法的细节稍后再讲)”可知，此处强调要之后注意语法的细节。设空处应该指出在学习语言过程中，应该先注意什么。F选项“If you want to learn a language quickly, you should learn how to talk first.(如果你想快速学会一门语言，你应该先学会如何说话)”指出，应该先学会如何表达，如何说话，与下文形成对应，符合语境。故选F。 Passage 5 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other. 1 For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s fourteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impossible to read. Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration. 2 Frequently, the needs of speakers drive language change. New technologies industries, products and experiences simply require new words. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way. 3 Through our day-to-day interactions, we pick up words and savings from other people and integrate them into our speech. Teens and young adults, for example, often use different words and phrases from their parents. Some of them spread through the population and slowly change the language. 4 Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened. Some words are even created through misinterpretation of form. As noted in the Linguistic Society of America’s publication Is English Changing?, the word pea is one such example. Up until about four hundred years ago, pease could refer to either a single pea or many peas. At some point, people assumed that pease was the plural form of a new word, pea, based on the way pease sounded. While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly. 5 For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English. A．Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting. B．Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though. C．As long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change. D．All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use. E．The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation. F．Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking. G．The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．G 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言会随着时间而变化，其原因很多样，变化主要体现在词汇、句子结构和发音三个方面。 1．前文“In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other.（在某些方面，语言的变化是令人惊讶的。毕竟，它们代代相传，足以让父母和孩子相互交流。）”引入文章的话题语言的变化，后文“For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries.（例如，在一千多年的时间里，日语的变化相对较小，而英语在短短几个世纪内就迅速演化。）”用日语和英语的变化情况作为例子，B项“Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though.（然而，语言学家发现，所有现存的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化——尽管变化的速度不同。）”符合语境，和前文对语言变化的惊讶构成转折，是后文的例证支持的观点，后文的“changed relatively little over a thousand years”“evolved rapidly in just a few centuries”解释了其中的“at different rates”。故选B。 2．前文“Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration.（语言的变化有很多原因。由于社会、经济和政治压力的影响，语言往往会发生大规模变化，因为有很多入侵、殖民和移民推动语言变化的例子。）”点明了本段的主旨语言变化的原因，介绍了外部宏观环境的原因，F项“Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking.（即使没有这些影响，如果有足够多的使用者采用一种新的说话方式，一门语言也会发生巨大的变化。）”符合语境，承接前文，其中的“these kinds of influences”指前文的“social, economic, and political pressures”，介绍了使用者方面的原因作为补充。故选F。 3．前文“But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way.（但是个体说话的独特方式也会促进语言的变化，因为没有两个人使用一种语言的方式完全相同。）”提到了个体使用的语言存在差异，G项“The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors.（人们使用的词汇和短语取决于他们居住的地方、年龄、教育程度、社会地位和其他因素。）”符合语境，具体解释了个体语言差异的原因。故选G。 4．空处位于段首，是段落的主旨句，需概括段落内容。后文“Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened.（词汇变化很快，比如从其他语言中借用新词，或者新词被创造、组合或缩略。）”、“While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly.（虽然词汇变化很快，但句子结构——句子中单词的顺序变化得比较慢。）”和“For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。）”涉及语言变化中的词汇、句子结构和发音，E项“The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation.（语言随着时间的推移发生变化的三个主要方面是词汇、句子结构和发音。）”符合语境，概括了这三个方面的内容。故选E。 5．后文“For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。这种转变体现了中世纪英语和现代英语发音的最大区别。）”介绍的是语言变化的发音方面，A项“Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting.（声音的变化很难记录，但同样有趣。）”符合语境，引起后文内容。故选A。 Passage 6 难度⭐⭐⭐⭐ Learn a new language and, at some point, you’ll meet native speakers that have you questioning your language abilities. 1 And what’s that slang (俚语) they’re using?! If this sounds all too familiar to you, then welcome! You’ve leveled up to a new stage of language learning best known as the dialect. The differences between a dialect and a language have a number of technicalities and exceptions tied to them. But as a language learner, you’re probably more interested in the practical takeaway. 2 . We can see how the standard elements of English change across the US, the UK, and even Singapore, where Singlish exists as a hyper-regional dialect of English. The first thing you’ll notice about each English dialect is the shift in pronunciation. This shift, better known as an accent, is an important element of a dialect. 3 . Don’t worry too much about this. What’s important is that you’re able to identify differences during conversations and feel comfortable adapting to them. Studies show that children who primarily speak a dialect are hyper-aware of the differences, and are able to reach reading and writing goals more quickly as a result. 4 Learning a dialect, rather than just the standard language, requires a deeper dig into cultural nuances (细微差异) that aren’t lost on native speakers. In short: Learning a dialect shows that you care! It’s an incredible way to connect with new cultural communities in the process. Before you learn a dialect, you should have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of a “standard” language. That way, you’ll be able to gain meaning through context. 5 Movies, music, books, and news are all fantastic ways to pick up on those dialectical nuances. A．Then, enlarge your exposure. B．There’re many varieties of English. C．How does their accent sound so different? D．But accent isn’t always necessary to a dialect. E．Dialects also allow you to build deeper connections. F．Some people are good at shifting between different accents. G．Dialects are often closely tied with geographical boundaries. 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．D 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外语方言的特点与学习方法。 1．上文“Learn a new language and, at some point, you’ll meet native speakers that have you questioning your language abilities.(学习一门新语言，在某些时候，你会遇到母语人士，让你质疑自己的语言能力)”说明讲母语人士会让自己质疑自己的语言能力。C项“How does their accent sound so different?(他们的口音怎么这么不同?)”和下文“And what’s that slang (俚语) they’re using?!(他们用的是什么俚语?!)”构成并列关系，用两个问题说明前面的观点。故选C。 2．下文“We can see how the standard elements of English change across the US, the UK, and even Singapore, where Singlish exists as a hyper-regional dialect of English.(我们可以看到英语的标准元素在美国、英国甚至新加坡是如何变化的，新加坡式英语是作为一种超区域的英语方言而存在的)”说明英语在美国、英国、新加坡不同地域有所变化，并且还提到新加坡英语是非常有地域特征的英语方言，由此可知本段主要谈论方言和地域的关系。G项“方言往往与地理界限紧密相连。”适合作本段的主旨句，起到统领全段的作用。故选G。 3．上文“The first thing you’ll notice about each English dialect is the shift in pronunciation. This shift, better known as an accent, is an important element of a dialect. (关于每种英语方言，你首先会注意到发音的变化。这种转变，更广为人知的是口音，是方言的一个重要元素)”说明口音由英语的发音变化而来的。空处承上启下。D项中的“accent ”和上文中“This shift, better known as an accent”相呼应，“isn’t always necessary to a dialect”和下文中的“Don’t worry too much about this”相呼应，说明口音对方言来说并不总是必要的。故选D。 4．上文“Studies show that children who primarily speak a dialect are hyper-aware of the differences, and are able to reach reading and writing goals more quickly as a result. (研究表明，主要说方言的儿童对差异有高度的意识，因此能够更快地达到阅读和写作目标)”说明了学习方言的好处，就是可以让孩子更快达成阅读和写作目标。空处顺接上文，继续谈论学习方言的好处，E项“方言还可以让你建立更深层次的联系。”符合语境。该项中的also表明了和前文的递进关系。故选E。 5．下文“Movies, music, books, and news are all fantastic ways to pick up on those dialectical nuances.(电影、音乐、书籍和新闻都是了解这些辩证细微差别的奇妙方式)”说明了接触语言的方式。空处对后文列举的信息进行概括。A项“然后，扩大你的对语言的接触。”符合语境。故选A。 $$